Reader-Response Criticism emphasizes the leading role of readers in the reading process.This paper starting from the four aspects of background,the protagonist’s name,characters’experience and the design of ending i...Reader-Response Criticism emphasizes the leading role of readers in the reading process.This paper starting from the four aspects of background,the protagonist’s name,characters’experience and the design of ending in Animal Farm,analyzes the horizons of expectation,indeterminacy and the“blank”in the work,and explores the interaction between readers and the work.展开更多
In the early 1970s, reader-response criticism rose to prominence in literary analysis, which concerns readers most, and it still influences much contemporary criticism. Firstly, this paper summarizes the general views...In the early 1970s, reader-response criticism rose to prominence in literary analysis, which concerns readers most, and it still influences much contemporary criticism. Firstly, this paper summarizes the general views of reader-response criticism. And then the paper analyzes the personality of Satan in"Paradise Lost"to show my understanding of Satan. Finally, the paper presents my response to reader-response criticism.展开更多
The Literary Lab at Stanford University is one of the birthplaces of digital humanities and has maintained significant influence in this field over the years.Professor Hui Haifeng has been engaged in research on digit...The Literary Lab at Stanford University is one of the birthplaces of digital humanities and has maintained significant influence in this field over the years.Professor Hui Haifeng has been engaged in research on digital humanities and computational criticism in recent years.During his visiting scholarship at Stanford University,he participated in the activities of the Literary Lab.Taking this opportunity,he interviewed Professor Mark Algee-Hewitt,the director of the Literary Lab,discussing important topics such as the current state and reception of DH(digital humanities)in the English Department,the operations of the Literary Lab,and the landscape of computational criticism.Mark Algee-Hewitt's research focuses on the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in England and Germany and seeks to combine literary criticism with digital and quantitative analyses of literary texts.In particular,he is interested in the history of aesthetic theory and the development and transmission of aesthetic and philosophical concepts during the Enlightenment and Romantic periods.He is also interested in the relationship between aesthetic theory and the poetry of the long eighteenth century.Although his primary background is English literature,he also has a degree in computer science.He believes that the influence of digital humanities within the humanities disciplines is growing increasingly significant.This impact is evident in both the attraction and assistance it offers to students,as well as in the new interpretations it brings to traditional literary studies.He argues that the key to effectively integrating digital humanities into the English Department is to focus on literary research questions,exploring how digital tools can raise new questions or provide new insights into traditional research.展开更多
To promote the global dissemination of Chinese culture,the translation of Chinese classic literature has garnered widespread attention in the translation field.Literary translation criticism plays an essential role in...To promote the global dissemination of Chinese culture,the translation of Chinese classic literature has garnered widespread attention in the translation field.Literary translation criticism plays an essential role in the development of translation endeavors.This paper will analyze three versions of English translations of Shen Congwen’s novella Border Town using Reiss’s translation criticism model and summarize their performance in terms of formal equivalence and aesthetic effect,linguistic components,and extra-linguistic components.展开更多
In the present day,digital methods aid in the investigation and reflection of language and literary studies.It continues to develop through the use of digital tools,providing fresh perspectives on text analysis,langua...In the present day,digital methods aid in the investigation and reflection of language and literary studies.It continues to develop through the use of digital tools,providing fresh perspectives on text analysis,language comprehension,and cultural significance of literary works.The growing field of digital humanities has completely changed how academics study and comprehend language and literature.The goal of digital humanism is to investigate how technology and humanistic research might be combined in the field of language and literary studies.It demonstrates how technology improves our understanding of stories,genre classification,authorship characteristics,and language evolution.Furthermore,using these digital tools goes beyond simple analysis,embracing fresh approaches to interpretation and providing new perspectives on the production,distribution,and reception of literary works and linguistic materials.It provides opportunities for interdisciplinary study by fusing computational techniques with humanities studies to investigate language and literature in fresh and perceptive ways.In the literary field,the digital humanities offer cutting-edge techniques and resources that enhance study,instruction,and interpretation.In addition to advancing conventional approaches,the function of digital humanities is to promote innovative approaches to engage with and understand cultural artifacts in a technologically mediated world.展开更多
Angela Carter’s short story,The Bloody Chamber,was created by rewriting the fairy tale Bluebeard,which expressed her strong feminist views.Based on the theory of spatial criticism,this paper is meant to interpret the...Angela Carter’s short story,The Bloody Chamber,was created by rewriting the fairy tale Bluebeard,which expressed her strong feminist views.Based on the theory of spatial criticism,this paper is meant to interpret the growth of the heroine in The Bloody Chamber.It analyzes the nameless bride’s growth process of searching for her true self in the novel from the three levels:social space,physical space and psychological space.展开更多
Nobel Prize winner Doris Lessing is a renowned writer in the contemporary British literary scene.Her debut novel The Grass is Singing is based on a case in which a black manservant kills a white mistress who is poor a...Nobel Prize winner Doris Lessing is a renowned writer in the contemporary British literary scene.Her debut novel The Grass is Singing is based on a case in which a black manservant kills a white mistress who is poor and mentally unbalanced.Doris Lessing arranges a tangible form of perception for the expression of the colonial discourse in the work by seeking the relationship between spatial structure and the writer’s value.This paper focuses on the spatial writing in The Grass is Singing and analyses it in depth with reference to the spatial critical theories of Henri Lefebvre and Michel Foucault.The oppressed and enslaved characters in the novel are analysed from three perspectives:physical space,social space and mental space respectively to explore how power oppression is made visible through space and the writer’s critique of colonial relations and racial discrimination as well as unequal gender relations.展开更多
This study applies the basic theories of“Ethical Literary Criticism”proposed by Nie Zhenzhao to Arthur Miller’s play All My Sons,focusing on the ethical predicament Joe Keller faces in his specific ethical identity...This study applies the basic theories of“Ethical Literary Criticism”proposed by Nie Zhenzhao to Arthur Miller’s play All My Sons,focusing on the ethical predicament Joe Keller faces in his specific ethical identity within the ethical environment of his time.It further points out the process and the consequence of his ethical choices in the conflict between family interests and social responsibilities,so as to reveal the ethical teaching function of the play.Joe’s ethical predicament arises from the contradiction between his family roles and his desire for interests as a businessman.In this conflict,the interaction of the human factor and the animal factor within the“Sphinx factor”causes Joe to make two different ethical choices.Through Joe’s tragic fate,Miller reveals the ethical enlightenment in All My Sons:Individuals,families,and society are inextricably linked,so today’s citizens need to recognize their inherent social nature and fulfill ethical duties in both personal and social aspects.Miller uses the play to criticize the ethical ethos of 20th-century American society and calls on readers to reevaluate the instrumental rationality behind the American Dream.展开更多
In this paper,we study the uniqueness of positive solutions to the following semilinear equations{-Δu=λ|x|^(α)ue^(u^(2)),in B_(1),u=0,onδB_(1)ueu2;in B_(1);u=0;on@B_(1);whereλ>0,α>-2;B_(1)denotes the unit ...In this paper,we study the uniqueness of positive solutions to the following semilinear equations{-Δu=λ|x|^(α)ue^(u^(2)),in B_(1),u=0,onδB_(1)ueu2;in B_(1);u=0;on@B_(1);whereλ>0,α>-2;B_(1)denotes the unit disk in R^(2):By delicate and relatively complicated computation of radial solutions to the above equation and the asymptotic expansion of solutions near the boundary of B_(1),the uniqueness of positive solutions is obtained.The results of this paper extend the uniqueness result for the semilinear equation with critical exponential growth in CHEN et al.(2022)to the case that includes a Henon term.展开更多
This study employs the framework of translator behavior criticism to conduct a systematic examination of Julia Lovell’s English translation of The True Story of Ah Q,utilizing the“intra-translation and extra-transla...This study employs the framework of translator behavior criticism to conduct a systematic examination of Julia Lovell’s English translation of The True Story of Ah Q,utilizing the“intra-translation and extra-translation dichotomy.”The research investigates how extra-translation factors—such as the translator’s identity,translation motivations,and target readership positioning—shape the formation of the translated text.Through an analysis of intra-translation elements,including linguistic stylistic features,strategies for handling culture-loaded terms,and the use of paratexts,the study reveals the dynamic balance of Lovell’s translation within the“truth-seeking—utility-attaining”continuum.The findings demonstrate that as a Western sinologist-translator,Julia Lovell’s cultural identity,combined with the market-oriented approach of Penguin Books,has collectively shaped a distinctly“reader-oriented”characteristic in her translation.In rendering culture-specific items,she predominantly adopts domesticating strategies,enhancing readability through simplified sentence structures and other accessibility measures to achieve utilitarian goals.Simultaneously,the translator retains an appropriate degree of foreignness in the treatment of key cultural concepts,reflecting a dialectical balance between“authorial fidelity”and“reader adaptation.”展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to analyse the benefits of a gamified clinical supervision strategy during hospital-based training,particularly regarding the development of critical and reflective thinking among undergrad...Objectives This study aimed to analyse the benefits of a gamified clinical supervision strategy during hospital-based training,particularly regarding the development of critical and reflective thinking among undergraduate nursing students.Methods From April to July 2023,second-year nursing students who undertaking a nine-week clinical placement in a cardiology ward in northern Portugal were selected.Following a two-week diagnostic phase,students participated in a six-week gamified supervision programme comprising weekly 60-min sessions:infection-control decision-making;technical-procedural reasoning;guided emotional and ethical reflection;and clinical reasoning quiz on cardiology topics.Students completed weekly Structured Reflection Guide entries;supervisors recorded structured field notes after each session;and,after the intervention,students answered a post-intervention questionnaire and participated in focus groups.Qualitative data(reflections,field notes,open-ended questionnaire items,and focus-group transcripts)were analyzed using Bardin’s content analysis;quantitative questionnaire items were summarized descriptively.Results All seven students completed the six gamified sessions and submitted weekly reflection entries.Five students(71.4%)completed the questionnaire.Across data sources,students reported that gamified activities supported knowledge consolidation,teamwork,and clinical reasoning.Questionnaire data showed that all respondents(n=5,100%)strongly agreed that gamification enhanced their learning and should be maintained in clinical training.Reflections and focus groups revealed recurring themes related to emotional expression,sense of belonging,and difficulties using structured reflection tools,particularly in terms of comprehension and timing.Conclusion The gamified supervision strategy integrated into clinical training provided structured opportunities for practical engagement,collaborative work,and guided reflection.These findings suggest that gamification may support the development of reflective and critical-thinking processes in authentic clinical environments.展开更多
Background:Rats are often used to prepare skin defect models.However,the skin defect sizes of the models prepared by researchers are different,and the lack of consensus on the critical-size defect makes it difficult t...Background:Rats are often used to prepare skin defect models.However,the skin defect sizes of the models prepared by researchers are different,and the lack of consensus on the critical-size defect makes it difficult to compare their research results.Methods:The time for wound closure was evaluated and recorded through gross observation.The regression equation between the healing time and the diameter of skin defect was established,which can be used to predict the healing time for a certain skin defect size in rats.Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the regeneration and reconstruction of skin appendages,and the functional skin repair was quantitatively scored.Results:The critical-size defect of rats was determined based on the maximum capacity of structural skin repair,and the functional skin repair was quantitatively scored based on the regeneration and reconstruction of skin appendages.The allowable range of critical-size skin defect of SD rats lies between 45 and 50 mm in diameter.The concept of structural repair and the category of functional repair of injured skin are put forward.The regression equation between the structural skin healing time and defect diameters is established.Conclusion:The allowable range of skin critical-size defect of SD rats lies between 45 and 50 mm in diameter.The regression equation between the structural skin healing time and defect diameters can be used to predict the healing time for a certain skin defect size in rats.展开更多
To ensure the safe transportation of radioactive materials,numerous countries have established specific standards.For the transfer of fissile materials,it is imperative that the material within the packaging remains i...To ensure the safe transportation of radioactive materials,numerous countries have established specific standards.For the transfer of fissile materials,it is imperative that the material within the packaging remains in a subcritical state during routine,normal,and accidental transport conditions.In the event of an accident,the rods within the storage tank may become rearranged,introducing uncertainty that must be accounted for to ensure that criticality analysis results are conservative.Historically,this uncertainty was addressed overly conservatively due to limited research on non-uniform arrangement scenarios,which proved unsuitable for criticality safety analysis of spent fuel packages.This paper introduced three distinct methods to non-uniformly rearrange fuel rods—Uniform Arrangement by Blocks,Layer-by-Layer Determination,and Birdcage Deformation—and meticulously evaluates the influences of rod rearrangement on the effective multiplication factor of neutrons,k eff,utilizing the Monte Carlo method.Ultimately,this study presents a holistic method capable of encompassing the entire spectrum of potential effects stemming from the rearrangement of fuel rods during rods mispositioning accident.By augmenting the safety margin,this approach proves to be adeptly suited for the criticality safety analysis of nuclear fuel transport containers.展开更多
Trajectory tracking for nonlinear robotic systems remains a fundamental yet challenging problem in control engineering,particularly when both precision and efficiency must be ensured.Conventional control methods are o...Trajectory tracking for nonlinear robotic systems remains a fundamental yet challenging problem in control engineering,particularly when both precision and efficiency must be ensured.Conventional control methods are often effective for stabilization but may not directly optimize long-term performance.To address this limitation,this study develops an integrated framework that combines optimal control principles with reinforcement learning for a single-link robotic manipulator.The proposed scheme adopts an actor–critic structure,where the critic network approximates the value function associated with the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation,and the actor network generates near-optimal control signals in real time.This dual adaptation enables the controller to refine its policy online without explicit system knowledge.Stability of the closed-loop system is analyzed through Lyapunov theory,ensuring boundedness of the tracking error.Numerical simulations on the single-link manipulator demonstrate that themethod achieves accurate trajectory followingwhile maintaining lowcontrol effort.The results further showthat the actor–critic learning mechanism accelerates convergence of the control policy compared with conventional optimization-based strategies.This work highlights the potential of reinforcement learning integrated with optimal control for robotic manipulators and provides a foundation for future extensions to more complex multi-degree-of-freedom systems.The proposed controller is further validated in a physics-based virtual Gazebo environment,demonstrating stable adaptation and real-time feasibility.展开更多
文摘Reader-Response Criticism emphasizes the leading role of readers in the reading process.This paper starting from the four aspects of background,the protagonist’s name,characters’experience and the design of ending in Animal Farm,analyzes the horizons of expectation,indeterminacy and the“blank”in the work,and explores the interaction between readers and the work.
文摘In the early 1970s, reader-response criticism rose to prominence in literary analysis, which concerns readers most, and it still influences much contemporary criticism. Firstly, this paper summarizes the general views of reader-response criticism. And then the paper analyzes the personality of Satan in"Paradise Lost"to show my understanding of Satan. Finally, the paper presents my response to reader-response criticism.
文摘The Literary Lab at Stanford University is one of the birthplaces of digital humanities and has maintained significant influence in this field over the years.Professor Hui Haifeng has been engaged in research on digital humanities and computational criticism in recent years.During his visiting scholarship at Stanford University,he participated in the activities of the Literary Lab.Taking this opportunity,he interviewed Professor Mark Algee-Hewitt,the director of the Literary Lab,discussing important topics such as the current state and reception of DH(digital humanities)in the English Department,the operations of the Literary Lab,and the landscape of computational criticism.Mark Algee-Hewitt's research focuses on the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in England and Germany and seeks to combine literary criticism with digital and quantitative analyses of literary texts.In particular,he is interested in the history of aesthetic theory and the development and transmission of aesthetic and philosophical concepts during the Enlightenment and Romantic periods.He is also interested in the relationship between aesthetic theory and the poetry of the long eighteenth century.Although his primary background is English literature,he also has a degree in computer science.He believes that the influence of digital humanities within the humanities disciplines is growing increasingly significant.This impact is evident in both the attraction and assistance it offers to students,as well as in the new interpretations it brings to traditional literary studies.He argues that the key to effectively integrating digital humanities into the English Department is to focus on literary research questions,exploring how digital tools can raise new questions or provide new insights into traditional research.
文摘To promote the global dissemination of Chinese culture,the translation of Chinese classic literature has garnered widespread attention in the translation field.Literary translation criticism plays an essential role in the development of translation endeavors.This paper will analyze three versions of English translations of Shen Congwen’s novella Border Town using Reiss’s translation criticism model and summarize their performance in terms of formal equivalence and aesthetic effect,linguistic components,and extra-linguistic components.
文摘In the present day,digital methods aid in the investigation and reflection of language and literary studies.It continues to develop through the use of digital tools,providing fresh perspectives on text analysis,language comprehension,and cultural significance of literary works.The growing field of digital humanities has completely changed how academics study and comprehend language and literature.The goal of digital humanism is to investigate how technology and humanistic research might be combined in the field of language and literary studies.It demonstrates how technology improves our understanding of stories,genre classification,authorship characteristics,and language evolution.Furthermore,using these digital tools goes beyond simple analysis,embracing fresh approaches to interpretation and providing new perspectives on the production,distribution,and reception of literary works and linguistic materials.It provides opportunities for interdisciplinary study by fusing computational techniques with humanities studies to investigate language and literature in fresh and perceptive ways.In the literary field,the digital humanities offer cutting-edge techniques and resources that enhance study,instruction,and interpretation.In addition to advancing conventional approaches,the function of digital humanities is to promote innovative approaches to engage with and understand cultural artifacts in a technologically mediated world.
文摘Angela Carter’s short story,The Bloody Chamber,was created by rewriting the fairy tale Bluebeard,which expressed her strong feminist views.Based on the theory of spatial criticism,this paper is meant to interpret the growth of the heroine in The Bloody Chamber.It analyzes the nameless bride’s growth process of searching for her true self in the novel from the three levels:social space,physical space and psychological space.
文摘Nobel Prize winner Doris Lessing is a renowned writer in the contemporary British literary scene.Her debut novel The Grass is Singing is based on a case in which a black manservant kills a white mistress who is poor and mentally unbalanced.Doris Lessing arranges a tangible form of perception for the expression of the colonial discourse in the work by seeking the relationship between spatial structure and the writer’s value.This paper focuses on the spatial writing in The Grass is Singing and analyses it in depth with reference to the spatial critical theories of Henri Lefebvre and Michel Foucault.The oppressed and enslaved characters in the novel are analysed from three perspectives:physical space,social space and mental space respectively to explore how power oppression is made visible through space and the writer’s critique of colonial relations and racial discrimination as well as unequal gender relations.
文摘This study applies the basic theories of“Ethical Literary Criticism”proposed by Nie Zhenzhao to Arthur Miller’s play All My Sons,focusing on the ethical predicament Joe Keller faces in his specific ethical identity within the ethical environment of his time.It further points out the process and the consequence of his ethical choices in the conflict between family interests and social responsibilities,so as to reveal the ethical teaching function of the play.Joe’s ethical predicament arises from the contradiction between his family roles and his desire for interests as a businessman.In this conflict,the interaction of the human factor and the animal factor within the“Sphinx factor”causes Joe to make two different ethical choices.Through Joe’s tragic fate,Miller reveals the ethical enlightenment in All My Sons:Individuals,families,and society are inextricably linked,so today’s citizens need to recognize their inherent social nature and fulfill ethical duties in both personal and social aspects.Miller uses the play to criticize the ethical ethos of 20th-century American society and calls on readers to reevaluate the instrumental rationality behind the American Dream.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(12571122,12061010)。
文摘In this paper,we study the uniqueness of positive solutions to the following semilinear equations{-Δu=λ|x|^(α)ue^(u^(2)),in B_(1),u=0,onδB_(1)ueu2;in B_(1);u=0;on@B_(1);whereλ>0,α>-2;B_(1)denotes the unit disk in R^(2):By delicate and relatively complicated computation of radial solutions to the above equation and the asymptotic expansion of solutions near the boundary of B_(1),the uniqueness of positive solutions is obtained.The results of this paper extend the uniqueness result for the semilinear equation with critical exponential growth in CHEN et al.(2022)to the case that includes a Henon term.
文摘This study employs the framework of translator behavior criticism to conduct a systematic examination of Julia Lovell’s English translation of The True Story of Ah Q,utilizing the“intra-translation and extra-translation dichotomy.”The research investigates how extra-translation factors—such as the translator’s identity,translation motivations,and target readership positioning—shape the formation of the translated text.Through an analysis of intra-translation elements,including linguistic stylistic features,strategies for handling culture-loaded terms,and the use of paratexts,the study reveals the dynamic balance of Lovell’s translation within the“truth-seeking—utility-attaining”continuum.The findings demonstrate that as a Western sinologist-translator,Julia Lovell’s cultural identity,combined with the market-oriented approach of Penguin Books,has collectively shaped a distinctly“reader-oriented”characteristic in her translation.In rendering culture-specific items,she predominantly adopts domesticating strategies,enhancing readability through simplified sentence structures and other accessibility measures to achieve utilitarian goals.Simultaneously,the translator retains an appropriate degree of foreignness in the treatment of key cultural concepts,reflecting a dialectical balance between“authorial fidelity”and“reader adaptation.”
文摘Objectives This study aimed to analyse the benefits of a gamified clinical supervision strategy during hospital-based training,particularly regarding the development of critical and reflective thinking among undergraduate nursing students.Methods From April to July 2023,second-year nursing students who undertaking a nine-week clinical placement in a cardiology ward in northern Portugal were selected.Following a two-week diagnostic phase,students participated in a six-week gamified supervision programme comprising weekly 60-min sessions:infection-control decision-making;technical-procedural reasoning;guided emotional and ethical reflection;and clinical reasoning quiz on cardiology topics.Students completed weekly Structured Reflection Guide entries;supervisors recorded structured field notes after each session;and,after the intervention,students answered a post-intervention questionnaire and participated in focus groups.Qualitative data(reflections,field notes,open-ended questionnaire items,and focus-group transcripts)were analyzed using Bardin’s content analysis;quantitative questionnaire items were summarized descriptively.Results All seven students completed the six gamified sessions and submitted weekly reflection entries.Five students(71.4%)completed the questionnaire.Across data sources,students reported that gamified activities supported knowledge consolidation,teamwork,and clinical reasoning.Questionnaire data showed that all respondents(n=5,100%)strongly agreed that gamification enhanced their learning and should be maintained in clinical training.Reflections and focus groups revealed recurring themes related to emotional expression,sense of belonging,and difficulties using structured reflection tools,particularly in terms of comprehension and timing.Conclusion The gamified supervision strategy integrated into clinical training provided structured opportunities for practical engagement,collaborative work,and guided reflection.These findings suggest that gamification may support the development of reflective and critical-thinking processes in authentic clinical environments.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFC2410403。
文摘Background:Rats are often used to prepare skin defect models.However,the skin defect sizes of the models prepared by researchers are different,and the lack of consensus on the critical-size defect makes it difficult to compare their research results.Methods:The time for wound closure was evaluated and recorded through gross observation.The regression equation between the healing time and the diameter of skin defect was established,which can be used to predict the healing time for a certain skin defect size in rats.Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the regeneration and reconstruction of skin appendages,and the functional skin repair was quantitatively scored.Results:The critical-size defect of rats was determined based on the maximum capacity of structural skin repair,and the functional skin repair was quantitatively scored based on the regeneration and reconstruction of skin appendages.The allowable range of critical-size skin defect of SD rats lies between 45 and 50 mm in diameter.The concept of structural repair and the category of functional repair of injured skin are put forward.The regression equation between the structural skin healing time and defect diameters is established.Conclusion:The allowable range of skin critical-size defect of SD rats lies between 45 and 50 mm in diameter.The regression equation between the structural skin healing time and defect diameters can be used to predict the healing time for a certain skin defect size in rats.
文摘To ensure the safe transportation of radioactive materials,numerous countries have established specific standards.For the transfer of fissile materials,it is imperative that the material within the packaging remains in a subcritical state during routine,normal,and accidental transport conditions.In the event of an accident,the rods within the storage tank may become rearranged,introducing uncertainty that must be accounted for to ensure that criticality analysis results are conservative.Historically,this uncertainty was addressed overly conservatively due to limited research on non-uniform arrangement scenarios,which proved unsuitable for criticality safety analysis of spent fuel packages.This paper introduced three distinct methods to non-uniformly rearrange fuel rods—Uniform Arrangement by Blocks,Layer-by-Layer Determination,and Birdcage Deformation—and meticulously evaluates the influences of rod rearrangement on the effective multiplication factor of neutrons,k eff,utilizing the Monte Carlo method.Ultimately,this study presents a holistic method capable of encompassing the entire spectrum of potential effects stemming from the rearrangement of fuel rods during rods mispositioning accident.By augmenting the safety margin,this approach proves to be adeptly suited for the criticality safety analysis of nuclear fuel transport containers.
基金supported in part by the National Science and Technology Council under Grant NSTC 114-2221-E-027-104.
文摘Trajectory tracking for nonlinear robotic systems remains a fundamental yet challenging problem in control engineering,particularly when both precision and efficiency must be ensured.Conventional control methods are often effective for stabilization but may not directly optimize long-term performance.To address this limitation,this study develops an integrated framework that combines optimal control principles with reinforcement learning for a single-link robotic manipulator.The proposed scheme adopts an actor–critic structure,where the critic network approximates the value function associated with the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation,and the actor network generates near-optimal control signals in real time.This dual adaptation enables the controller to refine its policy online without explicit system knowledge.Stability of the closed-loop system is analyzed through Lyapunov theory,ensuring boundedness of the tracking error.Numerical simulations on the single-link manipulator demonstrate that themethod achieves accurate trajectory followingwhile maintaining lowcontrol effort.The results further showthat the actor–critic learning mechanism accelerates convergence of the control policy compared with conventional optimization-based strategies.This work highlights the potential of reinforcement learning integrated with optimal control for robotic manipulators and provides a foundation for future extensions to more complex multi-degree-of-freedom systems.The proposed controller is further validated in a physics-based virtual Gazebo environment,demonstrating stable adaptation and real-time feasibility.
