Introduction: Crohn’s Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with a heterogeneous presentation. While diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss are hallmarks, atypical manifestations can obscure the diagnosi...Introduction: Crohn’s Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with a heterogeneous presentation. While diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss are hallmarks, atypical manifestations can obscure the diagnosis. This report highlights an unusual presentation of CD to emphasize the need for comprehensive diagnostic strategies. Case Report: A 25-year-old male presented with peripheral edema, anorexia, and abdominal distension but lacked classic gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Laboratory findings included microcytic anemia and hypoalbuminemia, while imaging revealed ascites and bowel wall thickening. Elevated fecal calprotectin and positive Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) supported the diagnosis. Endoscopy confirmed ileocolic Crohn’s Disease (L3 + L4). Infliximab therapy resulted in marked clinical improvement. Discussion: This case underscores the complexity of atypical CD presentations. Early use of serological markers, imaging, and endoscopy guided the diagnosis. Recognition of CD’s diverse manifestations is critical for timely intervention. Conclusion: Atypical CD presentations require heightened clinical suspicion and a multidisciplinary approach to reduce diagnostic delays and improve patient outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Renal cysts,especially the cortical type,are a prevalent renal pathology.Most cases are asymptomatic and detected incidentally during abdominal imaging examination for unrelated complaints.They are often be...BACKGROUND Renal cysts,especially the cortical type,are a prevalent renal pathology.Most cases are asymptomatic and detected incidentally during abdominal imaging examination for unrelated complaints.They are often benign,but they can rarely transform into cystic renal malignancies.When huge or complicated,especially with an abscess,it may become symptomatic from the renal capsular stretch or inflammation.The open surgical,endoscopic,laparoscopic,and robotic appro-aches are available for symptomatic renal cyst treatment.This paper aims to report our experience in the management of a case of a giant renal cyst abscess.CASE SUMMARY This is a 26-year-old housewife who was referred to the urology outpatient clinic with a history of left flank pain and swelling for 5 months,with the transabdo-minal ultrasound scan and computerized tomography scan findings of a huge left renal cortical cyst(Bosniak I).She had associated anorexia,weight loss,nausea,and intermittent fever,which on one occasion was severe and high-grade with chills and rigors.This warranted hospital admission,analgesic and antibiotic therapy.The physical examination was unremarkable at presentation except for a ballotable and mildly tender left lumbar cystic mass.Her vital signs were stable.There was leukocytosis with relative neutrophilia.Further review of the imaging films confirmed the diagnosis of a left giant renal cortical cyst abscess.She was counselled and had open surgical exploration,drainage of 300 mL of pus,cyst unroofing with marsupialization,and was discharged home on the 10th postoperative day.CONCLUSION Treatment of giant simple renal cortical cyst abscesses should be individualized depending on the pathology in question,the surgeon’s experience,patient preference and availability of facilities for endoscopic,laparoscopic or robotic modalities.Notwithstanding open surgical exploration,cyst unroofing and marsupialization are useful modalities in giant renal cortical cyst abscesses and are associated with patient satisfaction.展开更多
Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)employs multiple mechanisms,such as phagocytosis and autophagy,to evade innate immune clearance and establish infection.In the present study,we identified the ESX-1 secretion-associated ...Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)employs multiple mechanisms,such as phagocytosis and autophagy,to evade innate immune clearance and establish infection.In the present study,we identified the ESX-1 secretion-associated protein EspL,which promotes Mtb survival by inhibiting phagosome maturation and autophagy initiation.EspL knockout decreased Mtb intracellular survival,while EspL overexpression increased bacterial survival by interfering with phagocytosis and autophagy.EspL interacts with ULK1 and promotes its phosphorylation at Ser^(757),leading to the inhibition of autophagy initiation.Additionally,overexpression of EspL reduced antigen presentation and T-cell responses both in vitro and in vivo.Our findings revealed that EspL interferes with autophagy and antigen presenta-tion by suppressing ULK1 activation.These insights provide a novel understanding of Mtb pathogenicity.展开更多
Face Presentation Attack Detection(fPAD)plays a vital role in securing face recognition systems against various presentation attacks.While supervised learning-based methods demonstrate effectiveness,they are prone to ...Face Presentation Attack Detection(fPAD)plays a vital role in securing face recognition systems against various presentation attacks.While supervised learning-based methods demonstrate effectiveness,they are prone to overfitting to known attack types and struggle to generalize to novel attack scenarios.Recent studies have explored formulating fPAD as an anomaly detection problem or one-class classification task,enabling the training of generalized models for unknown attack detection.However,conventional anomaly detection approaches encounter difficulties in precisely delineating the boundary between bonafide samples and unknown attacks.To address this challenge,we propose a novel framework focusing on unknown attack detection using exclusively bonafide facial data during training.The core innovation lies in our pseudo-negative sample synthesis(PNSS)strategy,which facilitates learning of compact decision boundaries between bonafide faces and potential attack variations.Specifically,PNSS generates synthetic negative samples within low-likelihood regions of the bonafide feature space to represent diverse unknown attack patterns.To overcome the inherent imbalance between positive and synthetic negative samples during iterative training,we implement a dual-loss mechanism combining focal loss for classification optimization with pairwise confusion loss as a regularizer.This architecture effectively mitigates model bias towards bonafide samples while maintaining discriminative power.Comprehensive evaluations across three benchmark datasets validate the framework’s superior performance.Notably,our PNSS achieves 8%–18% average classification error rate(ACER)reduction compared with state-of-the-art one-class fPAD methods in cross-dataset evaluations on Idiap Replay-Attack and MSU-MFSD datasets.展开更多
The Third International Conference on Rail Transportation(ICRT),which was initiated by Southwest Jiaotong University and hosted by Tongji University,took place successfully in Shanghai,China,from August 7 to 9,2024.As...The Third International Conference on Rail Transportation(ICRT),which was initiated by Southwest Jiaotong University and hosted by Tongji University,took place successfully in Shanghai,China,from August 7 to 9,2024.As the chairman of the ICRT conference,I am delighted to witness its remarkable achievement.Based on the success of previous editions held in Chengdu in 2017 and 2021,this conference aims to provide a premier platform for extensive interaction and collaboration among universities,research institutions,and enterprises worldwide.展开更多
Monkeypox(Mpox),a zoonotic infection caused by the Mpox virus,has reemerged as a global public health concern,with unique implications for neonatal health.Although rare in newborns,cases of neonatal Mpox pose signific...Monkeypox(Mpox),a zoonotic infection caused by the Mpox virus,has reemerged as a global public health concern,with unique implications for neonatal health.Although rare in newborns,cases of neonatal Mpox pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to limited clinical data and the vulnerability of this population.This narrative review explores the pathophysiology,clinical presentation,diagnostic barriers,and therapeutic strategies associated with Mpox in neonates.Vertical and perinatal transmission have been identified,with some cases presenting with vesicular rashes,fever,lymphadenopathy,and systemic involvement such as respiratory or neurological complications.Diagnosis often relies on polymerase chain reaction testing,yet resource limitations and symptom overlap with other neonatal infections can hinder accurate identification.Antiviral treatments like tecovirimat and cidofovir are considered in severe cases,but dosing in neonates remains uncertain due to a lack of robust safety data.Supportive care,including hydration,fever management,and prevention of secondary infections,is critical.Breastfeeding decisions require individualized assessment due to the unknown risk of viral transmission through breast milk.Preventive strategies emphasize early isolation,surveillance,and infection control measures in neonatal care settings.The review highlights significant research gaps in understanding neonatal Mpox,especially concerning long-term outcomes and optimal treatment protocols.A coordinated global effort is essential to improve diagnostics,develop safe therapeutic options,and establish evidence-based guidelines tailored to neonates.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Crohn’s Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with a heterogeneous presentation. While diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss are hallmarks, atypical manifestations can obscure the diagnosis. This report highlights an unusual presentation of CD to emphasize the need for comprehensive diagnostic strategies. Case Report: A 25-year-old male presented with peripheral edema, anorexia, and abdominal distension but lacked classic gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Laboratory findings included microcytic anemia and hypoalbuminemia, while imaging revealed ascites and bowel wall thickening. Elevated fecal calprotectin and positive Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) supported the diagnosis. Endoscopy confirmed ileocolic Crohn’s Disease (L3 + L4). Infliximab therapy resulted in marked clinical improvement. Discussion: This case underscores the complexity of atypical CD presentations. Early use of serological markers, imaging, and endoscopy guided the diagnosis. Recognition of CD’s diverse manifestations is critical for timely intervention. Conclusion: Atypical CD presentations require heightened clinical suspicion and a multidisciplinary approach to reduce diagnostic delays and improve patient outcomes.
文摘BACKGROUND Renal cysts,especially the cortical type,are a prevalent renal pathology.Most cases are asymptomatic and detected incidentally during abdominal imaging examination for unrelated complaints.They are often benign,but they can rarely transform into cystic renal malignancies.When huge or complicated,especially with an abscess,it may become symptomatic from the renal capsular stretch or inflammation.The open surgical,endoscopic,laparoscopic,and robotic appro-aches are available for symptomatic renal cyst treatment.This paper aims to report our experience in the management of a case of a giant renal cyst abscess.CASE SUMMARY This is a 26-year-old housewife who was referred to the urology outpatient clinic with a history of left flank pain and swelling for 5 months,with the transabdo-minal ultrasound scan and computerized tomography scan findings of a huge left renal cortical cyst(Bosniak I).She had associated anorexia,weight loss,nausea,and intermittent fever,which on one occasion was severe and high-grade with chills and rigors.This warranted hospital admission,analgesic and antibiotic therapy.The physical examination was unremarkable at presentation except for a ballotable and mildly tender left lumbar cystic mass.Her vital signs were stable.There was leukocytosis with relative neutrophilia.Further review of the imaging films confirmed the diagnosis of a left giant renal cortical cyst abscess.She was counselled and had open surgical exploration,drainage of 300 mL of pus,cyst unroofing with marsupialization,and was discharged home on the 10th postoperative day.CONCLUSION Treatment of giant simple renal cortical cyst abscesses should be individualized depending on the pathology in question,the surgeon’s experience,patient preference and availability of facilities for endoscopic,laparoscopic or robotic modalities.Notwithstanding open surgical exploration,cyst unroofing and marsupialization are useful modalities in giant renal cortical cyst abscesses and are associated with patient satisfaction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number U21A20259the National Key Research and Development Program of China under grant number 2021YFD1800401.
文摘Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)employs multiple mechanisms,such as phagocytosis and autophagy,to evade innate immune clearance and establish infection.In the present study,we identified the ESX-1 secretion-associated protein EspL,which promotes Mtb survival by inhibiting phagosome maturation and autophagy initiation.EspL knockout decreased Mtb intracellular survival,while EspL overexpression increased bacterial survival by interfering with phagocytosis and autophagy.EspL interacts with ULK1 and promotes its phosphorylation at Ser^(757),leading to the inhibition of autophagy initiation.Additionally,overexpression of EspL reduced antigen presentation and T-cell responses both in vitro and in vivo.Our findings revealed that EspL interferes with autophagy and antigen presenta-tion by suppressing ULK1 activation.These insights provide a novel understanding of Mtb pathogenicity.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61972267,and 61772070in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province under Grant F2024210005.
文摘Face Presentation Attack Detection(fPAD)plays a vital role in securing face recognition systems against various presentation attacks.While supervised learning-based methods demonstrate effectiveness,they are prone to overfitting to known attack types and struggle to generalize to novel attack scenarios.Recent studies have explored formulating fPAD as an anomaly detection problem or one-class classification task,enabling the training of generalized models for unknown attack detection.However,conventional anomaly detection approaches encounter difficulties in precisely delineating the boundary between bonafide samples and unknown attacks.To address this challenge,we propose a novel framework focusing on unknown attack detection using exclusively bonafide facial data during training.The core innovation lies in our pseudo-negative sample synthesis(PNSS)strategy,which facilitates learning of compact decision boundaries between bonafide faces and potential attack variations.Specifically,PNSS generates synthetic negative samples within low-likelihood regions of the bonafide feature space to represent diverse unknown attack patterns.To overcome the inherent imbalance between positive and synthetic negative samples during iterative training,we implement a dual-loss mechanism combining focal loss for classification optimization with pairwise confusion loss as a regularizer.This architecture effectively mitigates model bias towards bonafide samples while maintaining discriminative power.Comprehensive evaluations across three benchmark datasets validate the framework’s superior performance.Notably,our PNSS achieves 8%–18% average classification error rate(ACER)reduction compared with state-of-the-art one-class fPAD methods in cross-dataset evaluations on Idiap Replay-Attack and MSU-MFSD datasets.
文摘The Third International Conference on Rail Transportation(ICRT),which was initiated by Southwest Jiaotong University and hosted by Tongji University,took place successfully in Shanghai,China,from August 7 to 9,2024.As the chairman of the ICRT conference,I am delighted to witness its remarkable achievement.Based on the success of previous editions held in Chengdu in 2017 and 2021,this conference aims to provide a premier platform for extensive interaction and collaboration among universities,research institutions,and enterprises worldwide.
文摘Monkeypox(Mpox),a zoonotic infection caused by the Mpox virus,has reemerged as a global public health concern,with unique implications for neonatal health.Although rare in newborns,cases of neonatal Mpox pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to limited clinical data and the vulnerability of this population.This narrative review explores the pathophysiology,clinical presentation,diagnostic barriers,and therapeutic strategies associated with Mpox in neonates.Vertical and perinatal transmission have been identified,with some cases presenting with vesicular rashes,fever,lymphadenopathy,and systemic involvement such as respiratory or neurological complications.Diagnosis often relies on polymerase chain reaction testing,yet resource limitations and symptom overlap with other neonatal infections can hinder accurate identification.Antiviral treatments like tecovirimat and cidofovir are considered in severe cases,but dosing in neonates remains uncertain due to a lack of robust safety data.Supportive care,including hydration,fever management,and prevention of secondary infections,is critical.Breastfeeding decisions require individualized assessment due to the unknown risk of viral transmission through breast milk.Preventive strategies emphasize early isolation,surveillance,and infection control measures in neonatal care settings.The review highlights significant research gaps in understanding neonatal Mpox,especially concerning long-term outcomes and optimal treatment protocols.A coordinated global effort is essential to improve diagnostics,develop safe therapeutic options,and establish evidence-based guidelines tailored to neonates.
