[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the correlation between yield and quality traits of rape. [Method] Taking ＂Sanbei 98＂ and ＂Youyan 599＂ as ex- periment materials, correlation between yield and quality t...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the correlation between yield and quality traits of rape. [Method] Taking ＂Sanbei 98＂ and ＂Youyan 599＂ as ex- periment materials, correlation between yield and quality traits of Brassica napus L. cultivars was explored by orthogonal rotation method. [Result] The results showed that： 1 In both the two varieties-Sanbei98 and Youyan599, erucic acid content had the largest coefficient of variation, but its average content was lower than 2% in both the two varieties （0.90% in Sanbei98 and 1.24% in Youyan599）, and the palmitic acid content had the smallest coefficient of variation. 2 In terms of the dif- ferences in quality traits at different yield levels, only the mean of eicosenoic acid content revealed significant difference in Sanbei98, and only the mean of seed-pro- tein content revealed significant difference in Youyan599, and there was no signifi- cant difference in any combined quality traits in both the two varieties. 3 The yield was negatively correlated with the erucic acid content or oil content, and posi- tively correlated with the content of seed-protein, linoleic acid, or linolenic acid, and the coefficient of correlation between the yield and either of the contents of glucosi- nolates, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and eicosenoic acid was smaller. ~, when the yield of a variety increased considerably, there was a certain decreasing trend in erucic acid content, oil content, the total amount of erucic chain fatty acids （El ＆ Er）, while there was an increasing trend in seed-protein content, linoleic acid content, linolenic acid content, saturated fatty acids （SFA）, the total amount of fat and protein （P ＆ F）, unsaturation index （IUFA）, unsaturated fatty acids （UFA）, the total amount of 18 carbon fatty acids （18-C FA）, unsaturated fatty acids [UFA/（Ei ＆ Er） ], and the sum of oleic acid and linoleic acid （OI ＆ Li）. 5 When the seed-pro- tein content is increased, the quality of rape oil cake is also improved; when the unsaturated index is increased, the oil stability is decreased. The increase in the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid and linoleic acid helps to increase in the total amount of fatty acids absorbed by human bodies. [Conclusion] This study provides a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of high-yielding and top- quality hybrid rape cultivars.展开更多
The effect of superheated steam(SHS)treatment on the quality characteristics of rape bee pollen were studied,and the efficiency of inactivation and inhibition of lipid oxidation were analyzed to investigate the differ...The effect of superheated steam(SHS)treatment on the quality characteristics of rape bee pollen were studied,and the efficiency of inactivation and inhibition of lipid oxidation were analyzed to investigate the differences between SHS and cobalt-60 isotope(^(60)Co)radiation treatment.The number of total plate count(TPC)and mold colonies(MC)remained within the limits of the standards after SHS treatment at 140℃for 2 min.Neither TPC nor MC were detected after^(60)Co irradiation.Peroxidase(POD)and polyphenol oxidase(PPO)activities significantly decreased with increasing temperature and duration of SHS,while^(60)Co radiation completely inactivated PPO.Compared to^(60)Co radiation,SHS treatment inhibited the deterioration of rape bee pollen by avoiding hydroperoxide production and lipid oxidation due to lack of oxygen.These results suggested SHS under 140℃for 2 min was the most suitable to inactivate the microorganisms and enzymes in rape bee pollen with minimal lipid oxidation.展开更多
Rape bee pollen has attracted increasing interests for its excellent protective effect against chemicalinduced liver injury owing to its abundant polyphenols.This study aims to analyze the types and contents of phenol...Rape bee pollen has attracted increasing interests for its excellent protective effect against chemicalinduced liver injury owing to its abundant polyphenols.This study aims to analyze the types and contents of phenolamides(seldom concerned)in rape bee pollen and their protective mechanism on alcoholic liver disease(ALD).Different from the previous finding that flavonoids are dominant polyphenols in bee pollen polyphenolic extract,our results demonstrated that there are only three flavonoids but 24 phenolamides in the as-prepared rape bee pollen phenolic extract(PPE).In addition,PPE was found to significantly improve the viability(from 54.9%to 84.1%,89.2%,and 94.0%)of alcohol-induced AML12 cells and alleviate alcoholinduced cell apoptosis(from 28.5%to 22.89%,22.0%,and 17.4%).To dissect the underlying mechanism for the protective effect of PPE against ALD,the molecular pathway was identified by RNA-Seq analysis.Transcriptome data revealed that PPE may protect against ALD by decreasing inflammation,cholesterol,and fatty acid synthesis(P<0.05).The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism(NIAAA)model was used to further evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of PPE in vivo,and the results validated that PPE could alleviate liver injury and hepatic steatosis(from 22.7%to 11.5%and 10.9%)induced by alcohol.As the dominant polyphenols in PPE,phenolamides can be a class of valuable polyphenolic compounds in bee pollen with the potential to alleviate ALD.展开更多
Rape is the third largest oil crop in the world and the first one in China.The national average rapeseed yield is only 2077.5 kg/hm^(2),and the rapeseed oil yield is 894 kg/hm^(2).This paper introduced the main types,...Rape is the third largest oil crop in the world and the first one in China.The national average rapeseed yield is only 2077.5 kg/hm^(2),and the rapeseed oil yield is 894 kg/hm^(2).This paper introduced the main types,germplasm resources,breeding bases and breeding progress of Chinese rape,and studied its high-quality varieties,breeding patents and new varieties of agricultural plants.We analyzed the main problems such as serious loss of germplasm resources in Brassica campestris L.and Brassica juncea(L.)Czern.et Coss and weak"agricultural chip"in rape field,and put forward strategies such as strengthening the protection of rape germplasm resources,encouraging the development of"agricultural chip"in rape industry clusters with national advantages and characteristics,and strengthening the protection of agricultural intellectual property rights.展开更多
As China s largest oil crop,rape occupies a central position in ensuring the safety of China s cooking oil supply.This paper introduced China s rapeseed industry from the rape type,rapeseed production,planting area,na...As China s largest oil crop,rape occupies a central position in ensuring the safety of China s cooking oil supply.This paper introduced China s rapeseed industry from the rape type,rapeseed production,planting area,national rapeseed production protected area,rape national dominant characteristic industrial clusters,and rapeseed industry,etc.Besides,from the aspects of geographical indication products,geographical indication trademarks,and geographical indications of agricultural products,this paper discussed the intellectual property protection of geographical indications of rape,rapeseed,and rapeseed oil in China.It analyzed the main problems such as the lag in the formulation of relevant standards for geographical indications and the low use of special signs for geographical indications,and finally came up with recommendations including building a public brand of geographical indications and expanding foreign exchanges of geographical indications.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to screen economic and environment-friendly pesticides adaptive to aphid-resistant varieties in main rape growing regions of Yunnan Province.[Method] The effects of 6 pesticides against aphids ...[Objective] The aim was to screen economic and environment-friendly pesticides adaptive to aphid-resistant varieties in main rape growing regions of Yunnan Province.[Method] The effects of 6 pesticides against aphids on 22 Brassica campestris materials of the main breeds in Yunnan Province,the new improved varieties in China and the core breeding materials were tested.[Result] Yunyoushuang 1,Huayou 4,Yunhuayou Early-maturing Variety No.1 and A35 showed better aphid-resistance.An optimum pesticide application strategy was to use Diyaling in sowing time,and interchangeably apply nitenpyram and imidacloprid during flowering and pod formation stages.[Conclusion] The present study had provided an important technical support for sustainable development of rape industry.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of the research was to find the optimal nitrogen application rate, density and seedling age for no-tillage rape in seedling stage. [Method] With the D-optimal quadratic regression design for three ...[Objective] The aim of the research was to find the optimal nitrogen application rate, density and seedling age for no-tillage rape in seedling stage. [Method] With the D-optimal quadratic regression design for three factors, the 310 scheme was designed to study the effects of nitrogen application rate, density and seedling age on dry matter accumulation of no-tillage rape in seedling stage. [Result] With the increase of nitrogen application rate, density and seedling age, the dry matter content appeared like a parabola, increasing firstly and then declining. The change of nitrogen application rate caused greater influence than that of density and seedling age; the interaction effects between nitrogen application rate and density were greater than that between nitrogen application rate and seedling age as well as between density and seedling age. [Conclusion] Considered comprehensively, the dry matter content of no-tillage rape in seedling stage reached the highest level (4 768.2 kg/hm2) when the nitrogen application rate, the density and the seedling age were 195 kg/hm2, 93 000 plants/hm2 and 33 d, respectively.展开更多
[Objective] To study the correlation between the biomechanical properties of rape stalks and rape stem lodging. [Method] Through axial compression tests to the stalks of 4 different rape varieties, the change rules of...[Objective] To study the correlation between the biomechanical properties of rape stalks and rape stem lodging. [Method] Through axial compression tests to the stalks of 4 different rape varieties, the change rules of maximum stem bearing ca- pacity, maximum compressive strength, elastic modulus and moment of inertia along plant height were analyzed, as well as the effect of different varieties and water contents on the biomechanical property indices of rape stalks. [Result] The maximum loads of rape stalks presented liner decrease trend along with the increase of stem height, and all reached the maximums below the height of 50 cm. The maximum stem compressive strength and elastic modulus of the 4 varieties were increased with ascending height, but in a slow rate with small change, thus the modulus of e- lasticity could be considered as unchanged. The maximum bearing capacity, maxi- mum compressive strength and elastic modulus of dry rape stalks were higher than wet stalks, indicating that the water contents of rape stalks had significant effect on their mechanical properties. According to the actual lodging situations in filed, stalks of variety No. 1 owned the worst biomechanical properties and lodging degree, while the biomechanical properties of No. 6 and F5 were better than No. 1 and No. 9, and they also had stronger lodging-resistance. [Conclusion] The study provides parameters and bases for the design of mechanized production and mechanical deep processing of crops, and can better reveal the physical natures of organisms. The methods used in this study can also be used to screen excellent crop stalks.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to investigate the dynamics of essential metal elements（Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn and Cu）contents in winter oilseed rape（Brassica napus L.）during cold acclimation,and to reveal the effects and mechan...[Objective]The paper was to investigate the dynamics of essential metal elements（Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn and Cu）contents in winter oilseed rape（Brassica napus L.）during cold acclimation,and to reveal the effects and mechanisms of essential elements in cold resistance of oilseed rape.[Method]Three varieties with different cold resistance including Zhongshuang No.11（ZS,freezing sensitive variety）,Ganyouza No.1（GY）and Jinyuyou No.1（JYY,freezing tolerant varieties）were used in the study,and the changes of necessary metal elements in these oilseed rapes during cold acclimation were studied.[Result]The concentration of metal elements in oilseed rape had significant changes during cold acclimation,and the difference between varieties was significant.In plant roots,the concentrations of Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn and Cu were significantly increased,this might because that low temperature made the transpiration decreased,thus blocking the upward transport of elements.In plant shoots,the concentrations of Ca,Mg and Zn were significantly decreased,while the concentrations of Fe and Mn were significantly increased;the change extent of various elements in ZS variety was the largest.[Conclusion]Maintaining the stability of Ca,Mg and Zn concentrations and increasing Fe,Mn and Cu concentrations in plant shoots might be benefit for increasing the cold tolerance of winter oilseed rape.展开更多
[ Objective] The aim of the research was to provide reference for reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer for high yield.cultivation of hybrid rape cuhivar Youyan 9 and Youyan 10. [ Method] The net increment cha...[ Objective] The aim of the research was to provide reference for reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer for high yield.cultivation of hybrid rape cuhivar Youyan 9 and Youyan 10. [ Method] The net increment changes of individual plant fresh weight and dry matter weight of Youyan 9 and Youyan 10 with different nitrogen application treatments were studied. [ Result] The differences among average fresh weight increments of individual plant and average dry matter weight increment of individual plant with different treatments reached 0. 01 extremely significant level. Fresh weight increment and dry matter weight net increment of individual plant declined gradually with the increase of nitrogen application. In growtheourse ,fresh weight net increment of individual plant increased firstly then decreased and the maximum was in beginning flowering stage, besides that dry matter net increment increased gradually and the maximum was in mature period. The correlations among fresh net increment, dry matter weight net increment and yield net increment were positive or extremely positive. [ Conclusion] Under experimental condition, when nitrogen application was 225 kg/hm^2, hybrid rape Yanyou 9 and Yanyou 10 with low erucic,low glucosinolate could obtain high yield.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed at investigating the effects of consumption of potassium fertilizer on production and biological characteristics of rape and utilizing efficiency of potassium fertilizer.[Method] Taking 0 ...[Objective] This study aimed at investigating the effects of consumption of potassium fertilizer on production and biological characteristics of rape and utilizing efficiency of potassium fertilizer.[Method] Taking 0 kg/hm2 as control,nine consumptions of potassium fertilizer were designed for the experiment using single factor randomized block design with three replications and field experiment in nine rape-producing areas with different ecological types in Yunnan Province.[Result] Appropriately applying potassium fertilizer in Yunnan Province could improve the rapeseed production,the rape production could achieve 3 983-4 151 kg when applied 150-180 kg/hm2 of K2O,which had increased by 4.7-9.1% compared with the control and attained the peak in K165 treatment.When applied 1 kg of K2O,the rapeseed production could enhance 559 kg,the net profit could reach 1 229 yuan/hm2 and the partial productivity of potassium fertilizer could attain 31.32 kg/kg K2O and 3.7 kg/kg K2O,respectively.Applying potassium fertilizer could promote the growth of rape and increase rapeseed production.[Conclusion] The recommended optimal consumptions of potassium fertilizer with high production and high efficiency for rape in Yunnan Province were ranged between 150 and 180 kg K2O/hm2.However,comprehensively considering production and efficiency factors,the consumption of potassium fertilizer in Yunnan Province was around 73.9 kg/hm2,which should be appropriately increased to around 100.0 kg/hm2 in Longchuan,Yulong,Linxiang and other producing areas with similar conditions.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to provide reliable theoretical basis for re- source utilization of sludge. [Method] By using pot experiment, variations of the yield index and salt content of rape and the accumulation of...[Objective] This study aimed to provide reliable theoretical basis for re- source utilization of sludge. [Method] By using pot experiment, variations of the yield index and salt content of rape and the accumulation of three kinds of heavy metals in rape plants and soil including Hg, As and Zn were explored. [Result] The results showed that medium sludge level （50 g/pot） significantly increased the rape yield and root/shoot ratio; when the application amount of sludge reached 100 g/pot, the fertil- ization effect of sludge on potted rape yield was significantly reduced. Compared with chemical fertilizer and chicken manure, sludge promoted N and P absorption of rape more significantly, but the effect of sludge application on K absorption was less significant than chicken manure. Sludge can increase the soil salinity, which is higher than the chemical fertilizer and chicken manure, but the effect was not significant. Compared with chemical fertilizer and chicken manure treatments, the Hg, As and Zn contents in rape plants and soil after sludge application increased, to be specific, Hg content increased relatively significantly. Hg, As and Zn contents in rape plants and soil were all in accordance with China National Safety Standards for Heavy Met- als in Vegetables and China National Environmental Quality Standards for Soils. [Conclusion] Short-term sludge application will not lead to secondary heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils, but the Hg content should be monitored and controlled in long-term sludge application.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to explore the impact of 5-aminolevunic acid（ALA）treatment on growth of winter oilseed rape（Brassica napus L.）seedlings and its mechanism.[Method] The effects of ALA on abscisic acid（ABA...[Objective] The paper was to explore the impact of 5-aminolevunic acid（ALA）treatment on growth of winter oilseed rape（Brassica napus L.）seedlings and its mechanism.[Method] The effects of ALA on abscisic acid（ABA）contents in plant organs and xylem saps were investigated through hydroponic experiment.Four treatments including seed soaking with 0,25,50 and 75 mg/L ALA solutions（CK,A1,A2 and A3）for 6 h were set in the test.[Result] In addition to A3 treatment which made the dry weights of oilseed rape seedlings slightly decrease,after seed soaking with ALA,dry weights,net photosynthetic rate（Pn）,transpiration rate（Tr）and stomatal conductance（Gs）of plants significantly increased compared with control.ABA concentrations in plant shoots and xylem saps increased in different levels after seed soaking with ALA.[Conclusion] The increasing endogenous ABA contents might be an explanation for promotion effect of ALA application on the growth of winter oilseed rape seedling.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this work was to analyze the N fertilization on the vegetative growth and N uptake of different winter rapeseed varieties at wintering stage. [Method] In two consecutive years （2009-2011）, two...[Objective] The aim of this work was to analyze the N fertilization on the vegetative growth and N uptake of different winter rapeseed varieties at wintering stage. [Method] In two consecutive years （2009-2011）, two winter rapeseed varieties （B. napus L.）, an early maturity variety Zhongyou 116 （ZY116） and a middle-late application maturity variety Zhongyouza 12 （ZYZ12） were employed. Field experiments with different N levels （0, 90, 180, 270, 360 kg N/hm 2 ） were designed. At the wintering stage, the dry matter weight, the nitrogen content and concentration of plants, leaf nitrate reductase activity （NRA） and seed yields were investigated. [Result] The shoot dry matter of ZY116 increased rapidly when N rate ranged from 0 to 180 kg/hm 2 , and it raised slightly when N rate ranged from 180 to 360 kg/hm 2 . The shoot dry matter of ZYZ12 were changed in a single peak curve; the peak of shoot dry matter appeared at 270 kg N/hm 2 . The N concentration and N content in shoot and root increased rapidly when the N rate changed from 90 to 180 kg/hm 2 . Moreover, the N concentration and N content root of in ZYZ12 were much higher than that of ZY116. Present study revealed that the changed trend of leaf nitrate reductase activities （NRA） were significantly increased at the N rate of 180 kg/hm 2 in ZY116 and ZYZ12 compared with the N rate of 90 kg/hm 2 in two years. [Conclusion] Optimal nitrogen application significantly increased the dry weights and N uptake at wintering stage as well as increasing the yield of winter oilseed rape.展开更多
Hubei Province is the main winter rapeseed producing area in China,and has the national advantage and characteristic industrial cluster of rape.The protection zone for the production of important agricultural products...Hubei Province is the main winter rapeseed producing area in China,and has the national advantage and characteristic industrial cluster of rape.The protection zone for the production of important agricultural products of rapeseed in Hubei Province also ranks first as that in Hunan Province.This paper studied the winter rape industry,the important agricultural product production protection zone of rapeseed,the provincial double-low high-quality rape protection zone and the industrial cluster of rape in Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province,and analyzed the main problems existing in the development of rapeseed production protection zone and industrial cluster of rape.Finally,it came up with strategies including promoting national rape varieties,overcoming the problem of rape"agricultural chip",promoting the"rice+rape"rotation model,and strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights of brand marks.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to promote the sustainable development of rape industry, and to meet the growing demand of urban and rural residents for vegetable oil. [Method] Field test was conducted for winter rape va...[Objective] This study aimed to promote the sustainable development of rape industry, and to meet the growing demand of urban and rural residents for vegetable oil. [Method] Field test was conducted for winter rape varieties in the national early maturing area in 2015, and their yield, main economic traits, growth period, consistency and stress resistance were evaluated comprehensively. [Result] Xiangyou 420, Qingza 12, Qianyouzao 3 and Yunyouza 16 could be applied in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, and Yangguang 1418, Shengguang 127 and Qingza 10 （CK） should be further tested. [Conclusion] The results can be demonstratively applied in Baoshan City and other similar regions, so as to promote the development of rape industry.展开更多
The rape project of ＂Development and Application of Cabbage Type Rape Hybrids with Strong Heterosis＂ which belongs to National 863 Program aimed to breed the rape variety whose rapeseed yield or oil yield increased ...The rape project of ＂Development and Application of Cabbage Type Rape Hybrids with Strong Heterosis＂ which belongs to National 863 Program aimed to breed the rape variety whose rapeseed yield or oil yield increased more than 10% compared with check （CK） variety, or oil yield increased more than 3 percentage points compared with CK. In the regional trial in the middle react,es of the Yangtze River for two years, the average rapeseed yield and oil yield of Youyan 924 which is a hybrid rape variety respectively reached 2 695.95 and 1 264.35 kg/hm2, which respectively increased by 5.22% and 13.4% compared with those of the other test- ing varieties in the same group, and respectively increased by 10.06% and 23.68% compared with those of Zhongyouza 2 which belongs to CK, thus reaching the standard of hybrid rape variety with strong heterosis; the average oil percentage of the variety in the two years was 46.63%,which increased by 3.44 percentage points compared with that of all the other testing varieties in the same group, and in- creased by 5.14 percentage points compared with that of Zhongyouza 2, and the oil percentage of it in the production testing reached 49.21%. Thus Youyan 924 is a variety with strong heterosis and high oil, moreover, its contents of erucic acid and glucosinolate are 0,25% and 20.27 μmol/g, respectively. From the data aggregation of national regional trial, it has the advantages of high oil yield, high yielding ability, reaching the standards of low erucic acid and low glucosinolate, strong lodging re- sistance, good disease resistance aqd moderate mature period.展开更多
[Objective] The study was conducted to provide a reference for develop- ment of fine winter rape varieties in northern Guangxi. [Method] In 2012 and 2013, 11 winter rape varieties were evaluated in northern Guangxi us...[Objective] The study was conducted to provide a reference for develop- ment of fine winter rape varieties in northern Guangxi. [Method] In 2012 and 2013, 11 winter rape varieties were evaluated in northern Guangxi using randomized com- plete block design, Data such as yield and diseases were collected and analyzed. [Result] Among all the 11 varieties tested, the highest yield was recorded in variety Chuanzao NHl105. Dadi 95, FDl102, Chuanzao NHl105 and SWUl112 exhibited disease resistance better than Qinghai 131. [Conclusion] The winter rape varieties of FD105 and Qianza J102 were found suitable for planting in northern Guangxi.展开更多
The flavonoids is a kind of complex compound and quercetin is a main composition in rape pollen.Taking quercetin as a sample and using separation technology and high performance liquid chromatography,chromatography fi...The flavonoids is a kind of complex compound and quercetin is a main composition in rape pollen.Taking quercetin as a sample and using separation technology and high performance liquid chromatography,chromatography fingerprint technique of Chinese medicine is introduced in food field to construct chromatography fingerprint of rape pollen,which can be used for medicinal use and edible use.The method will become a beneficial supplement for quality control method to ensure the safety and effectiveness of products.展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Fund for the Industrial Technology System Construction of Modern Agriculture(nycytx-00563)Department of Science and Technology of Guizhou Province[QinkeheNY(2010)3087]+2 种基金Department of Agriculture of Guizhou Province[Qinnongyu(2009)007]Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences[ZX(2007)015]Special Fund of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural sciences[Qinnongke(2009)030]~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the correlation between yield and quality traits of rape. [Method] Taking ＂Sanbei 98＂ and ＂Youyan 599＂ as ex- periment materials, correlation between yield and quality traits of Brassica napus L. cultivars was explored by orthogonal rotation method. [Result] The results showed that： 1 In both the two varieties-Sanbei98 and Youyan599, erucic acid content had the largest coefficient of variation, but its average content was lower than 2% in both the two varieties （0.90% in Sanbei98 and 1.24% in Youyan599）, and the palmitic acid content had the smallest coefficient of variation. 2 In terms of the dif- ferences in quality traits at different yield levels, only the mean of eicosenoic acid content revealed significant difference in Sanbei98, and only the mean of seed-pro- tein content revealed significant difference in Youyan599, and there was no signifi- cant difference in any combined quality traits in both the two varieties. 3 The yield was negatively correlated with the erucic acid content or oil content, and posi- tively correlated with the content of seed-protein, linoleic acid, or linolenic acid, and the coefficient of correlation between the yield and either of the contents of glucosi- nolates, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and eicosenoic acid was smaller. ~, when the yield of a variety increased considerably, there was a certain decreasing trend in erucic acid content, oil content, the total amount of erucic chain fatty acids （El ＆ Er）, while there was an increasing trend in seed-protein content, linoleic acid content, linolenic acid content, saturated fatty acids （SFA）, the total amount of fat and protein （P ＆ F）, unsaturation index （IUFA）, unsaturated fatty acids （UFA）, the total amount of 18 carbon fatty acids （18-C FA）, unsaturated fatty acids [UFA/（Ei ＆ Er） ], and the sum of oleic acid and linoleic acid （OI ＆ Li）. 5 When the seed-pro- tein content is increased, the quality of rape oil cake is also improved; when the unsaturated index is increased, the oil stability is decreased. The increase in the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid and linoleic acid helps to increase in the total amount of fatty acids absorbed by human bodies. [Conclusion] This study provides a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of high-yielding and top- quality hybrid rape cultivars.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundations of China(32472396,31871861 and 31501548)The Apicultural Industry Technology System(NCYTI-43-KXJ17)The Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2015-IAR)。
文摘The effect of superheated steam(SHS)treatment on the quality characteristics of rape bee pollen were studied,and the efficiency of inactivation and inhibition of lipid oxidation were analyzed to investigate the differences between SHS and cobalt-60 isotope(^(60)Co)radiation treatment.The number of total plate count(TPC)and mold colonies(MC)remained within the limits of the standards after SHS treatment at 140℃for 2 min.Neither TPC nor MC were detected after^(60)Co irradiation.Peroxidase(POD)and polyphenol oxidase(PPO)activities significantly decreased with increasing temperature and duration of SHS,while^(60)Co radiation completely inactivated PPO.Compared to^(60)Co radiation,SHS treatment inhibited the deterioration of rape bee pollen by avoiding hydroperoxide production and lipid oxidation due to lack of oxygen.These results suggested SHS under 140℃for 2 min was the most suitable to inactivate the microorganisms and enzymes in rape bee pollen with minimal lipid oxidation.
基金supported by Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2022BBA0072)Applied Fundamental Frontier Project of Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(2020020601012271)。
文摘Rape bee pollen has attracted increasing interests for its excellent protective effect against chemicalinduced liver injury owing to its abundant polyphenols.This study aims to analyze the types and contents of phenolamides(seldom concerned)in rape bee pollen and their protective mechanism on alcoholic liver disease(ALD).Different from the previous finding that flavonoids are dominant polyphenols in bee pollen polyphenolic extract,our results demonstrated that there are only three flavonoids but 24 phenolamides in the as-prepared rape bee pollen phenolic extract(PPE).In addition,PPE was found to significantly improve the viability(from 54.9%to 84.1%,89.2%,and 94.0%)of alcohol-induced AML12 cells and alleviate alcoholinduced cell apoptosis(from 28.5%to 22.89%,22.0%,and 17.4%).To dissect the underlying mechanism for the protective effect of PPE against ALD,the molecular pathway was identified by RNA-Seq analysis.Transcriptome data revealed that PPE may protect against ALD by decreasing inflammation,cholesterol,and fatty acid synthesis(P<0.05).The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism(NIAAA)model was used to further evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of PPE in vivo,and the results validated that PPE could alleviate liver injury and hepatic steatosis(from 22.7%to 11.5%and 10.9%)induced by alcohol.As the dominant polyphenols in PPE,phenolamides can be a class of valuable polyphenolic compounds in bee pollen with the potential to alleviate ALD.
基金Supported by Youth Program of National Social Science Foundation of China(22CMZ015)。
文摘Rape is the third largest oil crop in the world and the first one in China.The national average rapeseed yield is only 2077.5 kg/hm^(2),and the rapeseed oil yield is 894 kg/hm^(2).This paper introduced the main types,germplasm resources,breeding bases and breeding progress of Chinese rape,and studied its high-quality varieties,breeding patents and new varieties of agricultural plants.We analyzed the main problems such as serious loss of germplasm resources in Brassica campestris L.and Brassica juncea(L.)Czern.et Coss and weak"agricultural chip"in rape field,and put forward strategies such as strengthening the protection of rape germplasm resources,encouraging the development of"agricultural chip"in rape industry clusters with national advantages and characteristics,and strengthening the protection of agricultural intellectual property rights.
基金Youth Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(22CMZ015).
文摘As China s largest oil crop,rape occupies a central position in ensuring the safety of China s cooking oil supply.This paper introduced China s rapeseed industry from the rape type,rapeseed production,planting area,national rapeseed production protected area,rape national dominant characteristic industrial clusters,and rapeseed industry,etc.Besides,from the aspects of geographical indication products,geographical indication trademarks,and geographical indications of agricultural products,this paper discussed the intellectual property protection of geographical indications of rape,rapeseed,and rapeseed oil in China.It analyzed the main problems such as the lag in the formulation of relevant standards for geographical indications and the low use of special signs for geographical indications,and finally came up with recommendations including building a public brand of geographical indications and expanding foreign exchanges of geographical indications.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Supporting Project (2009BADA8B01,2010BAD01B04)Kunming Comprehensive Experimental Station,National Modern Agricultural Rape Industrial Technology System(NYCYTX-00564)Development of the Yunnan Modern Agricultural Rape Industrial Technology System~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to screen economic and environment-friendly pesticides adaptive to aphid-resistant varieties in main rape growing regions of Yunnan Province.[Method] The effects of 6 pesticides against aphids on 22 Brassica campestris materials of the main breeds in Yunnan Province,the new improved varieties in China and the core breeding materials were tested.[Result] Yunyoushuang 1,Huayou 4,Yunhuayou Early-maturing Variety No.1 and A35 showed better aphid-resistance.An optimum pesticide application strategy was to use Diyaling in sowing time,and interchangeably apply nitenpyram and imidacloprid during flowering and pod formation stages.[Conclusion] The present study had provided an important technical support for sustainable development of rape industry.
基金Supported by the"11th Five-Year Plan"Significant Key Program of Guizhou Province[Guizhou Technology and Agriculture Co-word(2000)1109]Graduate Student Innovation Fund Project of Guizhou University[(2006)009]~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of the research was to find the optimal nitrogen application rate, density and seedling age for no-tillage rape in seedling stage. [Method] With the D-optimal quadratic regression design for three factors, the 310 scheme was designed to study the effects of nitrogen application rate, density and seedling age on dry matter accumulation of no-tillage rape in seedling stage. [Result] With the increase of nitrogen application rate, density and seedling age, the dry matter content appeared like a parabola, increasing firstly and then declining. The change of nitrogen application rate caused greater influence than that of density and seedling age; the interaction effects between nitrogen application rate and density were greater than that between nitrogen application rate and seedling age as well as between density and seedling age. [Conclusion] Considered comprehensively, the dry matter content of no-tillage rape in seedling stage reached the highest level (4 768.2 kg/hm2) when the nitrogen application rate, the density and the seedling age were 195 kg/hm2, 93 000 plants/hm2 and 33 d, respectively.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Crop Breeding of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education,China (2006LD006)the Rapeseed Breeding Research Program of Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province,China (2006YZGG-5-5)~~
文摘[Objective] To study the correlation between the biomechanical properties of rape stalks and rape stem lodging. [Method] Through axial compression tests to the stalks of 4 different rape varieties, the change rules of maximum stem bearing ca- pacity, maximum compressive strength, elastic modulus and moment of inertia along plant height were analyzed, as well as the effect of different varieties and water contents on the biomechanical property indices of rape stalks. [Result] The maximum loads of rape stalks presented liner decrease trend along with the increase of stem height, and all reached the maximums below the height of 50 cm. The maximum stem compressive strength and elastic modulus of the 4 varieties were increased with ascending height, but in a slow rate with small change, thus the modulus of e- lasticity could be considered as unchanged. The maximum bearing capacity, maxi- mum compressive strength and elastic modulus of dry rape stalks were higher than wet stalks, indicating that the water contents of rape stalks had significant effect on their mechanical properties. According to the actual lodging situations in filed, stalks of variety No. 1 owned the worst biomechanical properties and lodging degree, while the biomechanical properties of No. 6 and F5 were better than No. 1 and No. 9, and they also had stronger lodging-resistance. [Conclusion] The study provides parameters and bases for the design of mechanized production and mechanical deep processing of crops, and can better reveal the physical natures of organisms. The methods used in this study can also be used to screen excellent crop stalks.
基金Supported by Special Funds for Public Welfare Industry(Agricul-ture)Study of China(200903003)Subjects of Special Funds of Public Welfare Institutes of China(1610172011016)~~
文摘[Objective]The paper was to investigate the dynamics of essential metal elements（Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn and Cu）contents in winter oilseed rape（Brassica napus L.）during cold acclimation,and to reveal the effects and mechanisms of essential elements in cold resistance of oilseed rape.[Method]Three varieties with different cold resistance including Zhongshuang No.11（ZS,freezing sensitive variety）,Ganyouza No.1（GY）and Jinyuyou No.1（JYY,freezing tolerant varieties）were used in the study,and the changes of necessary metal elements in these oilseed rapes during cold acclimation were studied.[Result]The concentration of metal elements in oilseed rape had significant changes during cold acclimation,and the difference between varieties was significant.In plant roots,the concentrations of Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn and Cu were significantly increased,this might because that low temperature made the transpiration decreased,thus blocking the upward transport of elements.In plant shoots,the concentrations of Ca,Mg and Zn were significantly decreased,while the concentrations of Fe and Mn were significantly increased;the change extent of various elements in ZS variety was the largest.[Conclusion]Maintaining the stability of Ca,Mg and Zn concentrations and increasing Fe,Mn and Cu concentrations in plant shoots might be benefit for increasing the cold tolerance of winter oilseed rape.
基金Funds for Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (04EFN215200268)the Nomarch Special Foundation for the Excellent Science and Technology Talents of Guizhou Province[(2005(77)]the Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province[(2006)6001]~~
文摘[ Objective] The aim of the research was to provide reference for reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer for high yield.cultivation of hybrid rape cuhivar Youyan 9 and Youyan 10. [ Method] The net increment changes of individual plant fresh weight and dry matter weight of Youyan 9 and Youyan 10 with different nitrogen application treatments were studied. [ Result] The differences among average fresh weight increments of individual plant and average dry matter weight increment of individual plant with different treatments reached 0. 01 extremely significant level. Fresh weight increment and dry matter weight net increment of individual plant declined gradually with the increase of nitrogen application. In growtheourse ,fresh weight net increment of individual plant increased firstly then decreased and the maximum was in beginning flowering stage, besides that dry matter net increment increased gradually and the maximum was in mature period. The correlations among fresh net increment, dry matter weight net increment and yield net increment were positive or extremely positive. [ Conclusion] Under experimental condition, when nitrogen application was 225 kg/hm^2, hybrid rape Yanyou 9 and Yanyou 10 with low erucic,low glucosinolate could obtain high yield.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program(2009BADA8B01)Kunming Comprehensive Experimental Station,National Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System of Rape(NYCYTX-00564)Yunnan Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Construction of Rape~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed at investigating the effects of consumption of potassium fertilizer on production and biological characteristics of rape and utilizing efficiency of potassium fertilizer.[Method] Taking 0 kg/hm2 as control,nine consumptions of potassium fertilizer were designed for the experiment using single factor randomized block design with three replications and field experiment in nine rape-producing areas with different ecological types in Yunnan Province.[Result] Appropriately applying potassium fertilizer in Yunnan Province could improve the rapeseed production,the rape production could achieve 3 983-4 151 kg when applied 150-180 kg/hm2 of K2O,which had increased by 4.7-9.1% compared with the control and attained the peak in K165 treatment.When applied 1 kg of K2O,the rapeseed production could enhance 559 kg,the net profit could reach 1 229 yuan/hm2 and the partial productivity of potassium fertilizer could attain 31.32 kg/kg K2O and 3.7 kg/kg K2O,respectively.Applying potassium fertilizer could promote the growth of rape and increase rapeseed production.[Conclusion] The recommended optimal consumptions of potassium fertilizer with high production and high efficiency for rape in Yunnan Province were ranged between 150 and 180 kg K2O/hm2.However,comprehensively considering production and efficiency factors,the consumption of potassium fertilizer in Yunnan Province was around 73.9 kg/hm2,which should be appropriately increased to around 100.0 kg/hm2 in Longchuan,Yulong,Linxiang and other producing areas with similar conditions.
基金Supported by Scientific and Technological Support Project for Quality and Safety Testing and Monitoring of Bulk Agricultural Products Produced in Beijing(Z090905-01040901)Cooperation Project of Beijing Drainage Group Co.Ltd."Study on Agronomic and Environmental Effects of Long-term Application of Sludge"~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to provide reliable theoretical basis for re- source utilization of sludge. [Method] By using pot experiment, variations of the yield index and salt content of rape and the accumulation of three kinds of heavy metals in rape plants and soil including Hg, As and Zn were explored. [Result] The results showed that medium sludge level （50 g/pot） significantly increased the rape yield and root/shoot ratio; when the application amount of sludge reached 100 g/pot, the fertil- ization effect of sludge on potted rape yield was significantly reduced. Compared with chemical fertilizer and chicken manure, sludge promoted N and P absorption of rape more significantly, but the effect of sludge application on K absorption was less significant than chicken manure. Sludge can increase the soil salinity, which is higher than the chemical fertilizer and chicken manure, but the effect was not significant. Compared with chemical fertilizer and chicken manure treatments, the Hg, As and Zn contents in rape plants and soil after sludge application increased, to be specific, Hg content increased relatively significantly. Hg, As and Zn contents in rape plants and soil were all in accordance with China National Safety Standards for Heavy Met- als in Vegetables and China National Environmental Quality Standards for Soils. [Conclusion] Short-term sludge application will not lead to secondary heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils, but the Hg content should be monitored and controlled in long-term sludge application.
基金Supported by the Special Funds of Scientific and Technological Support Project of China(2009BADA8B01)Special Funds for Public Welfare Industry(Agriculture)Study of China(200903003)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to explore the impact of 5-aminolevunic acid（ALA）treatment on growth of winter oilseed rape（Brassica napus L.）seedlings and its mechanism.[Method] The effects of ALA on abscisic acid（ABA）contents in plant organs and xylem saps were investigated through hydroponic experiment.Four treatments including seed soaking with 0,25,50 and 75 mg/L ALA solutions（CK,A1,A2 and A3）for 6 h were set in the test.[Result] In addition to A3 treatment which made the dry weights of oilseed rape seedlings slightly decrease,after seed soaking with ALA,dry weights,net photosynthetic rate（Pn）,transpiration rate（Tr）and stomatal conductance（Gs）of plants significantly increased compared with control.ABA concentrations in plant shoots and xylem saps increased in different levels after seed soaking with ALA.[Conclusion] The increasing endogenous ABA contents might be an explanation for promotion effect of ALA application on the growth of winter oilseed rape seedling.
基金Supported by the Special Funds for Modern Agricultural (oilseed rape) Technical System (MATS) of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (31071372)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this work was to analyze the N fertilization on the vegetative growth and N uptake of different winter rapeseed varieties at wintering stage. [Method] In two consecutive years （2009-2011）, two winter rapeseed varieties （B. napus L.）, an early maturity variety Zhongyou 116 （ZY116） and a middle-late application maturity variety Zhongyouza 12 （ZYZ12） were employed. Field experiments with different N levels （0, 90, 180, 270, 360 kg N/hm 2 ） were designed. At the wintering stage, the dry matter weight, the nitrogen content and concentration of plants, leaf nitrate reductase activity （NRA） and seed yields were investigated. [Result] The shoot dry matter of ZY116 increased rapidly when N rate ranged from 0 to 180 kg/hm 2 , and it raised slightly when N rate ranged from 180 to 360 kg/hm 2 . The shoot dry matter of ZYZ12 were changed in a single peak curve; the peak of shoot dry matter appeared at 270 kg N/hm 2 . The N concentration and N content in shoot and root increased rapidly when the N rate changed from 90 to 180 kg/hm 2 . Moreover, the N concentration and N content root of in ZYZ12 were much higher than that of ZY116. Present study revealed that the changed trend of leaf nitrate reductase activities （NRA） were significantly increased at the N rate of 180 kg/hm 2 in ZY116 and ZYZ12 compared with the N rate of 90 kg/hm 2 in two years. [Conclusion] Optimal nitrogen application significantly increased the dry weights and N uptake at wintering stage as well as increasing the yield of winter oilseed rape.
基金Supported by Youth Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(22CMZ015).
文摘Hubei Province is the main winter rapeseed producing area in China,and has the national advantage and characteristic industrial cluster of rape.The protection zone for the production of important agricultural products of rapeseed in Hubei Province also ranks first as that in Hunan Province.This paper studied the winter rape industry,the important agricultural product production protection zone of rapeseed,the provincial double-low high-quality rape protection zone and the industrial cluster of rape in Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province,and analyzed the main problems existing in the development of rapeseed production protection zone and industrial cluster of rape.Finally,it came up with strategies including promoting national rape varieties,overcoming the problem of rape"agricultural chip",promoting the"rice+rape"rotation model,and strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights of brand marks.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to promote the sustainable development of rape industry, and to meet the growing demand of urban and rural residents for vegetable oil. [Method] Field test was conducted for winter rape varieties in the national early maturing area in 2015, and their yield, main economic traits, growth period, consistency and stress resistance were evaluated comprehensively. [Result] Xiangyou 420, Qingza 12, Qianyouzao 3 and Yunyouza 16 could be applied in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, and Yangguang 1418, Shengguang 127 and Qingza 10 （CK） should be further tested. [Conclusion] The results can be demonstratively applied in Baoshan City and other similar regions, so as to promote the development of rape industry.
基金Supported by the Planned Project of National High and New Technology Research(863)-"Development and Application of Rape Hybrids with Strong Heterosis"(No:2011AA10A104)~~
文摘The rape project of ＂Development and Application of Cabbage Type Rape Hybrids with Strong Heterosis＂ which belongs to National 863 Program aimed to breed the rape variety whose rapeseed yield or oil yield increased more than 10% compared with check （CK） variety, or oil yield increased more than 3 percentage points compared with CK. In the regional trial in the middle react,es of the Yangtze River for two years, the average rapeseed yield and oil yield of Youyan 924 which is a hybrid rape variety respectively reached 2 695.95 and 1 264.35 kg/hm2, which respectively increased by 5.22% and 13.4% compared with those of the other test- ing varieties in the same group, and respectively increased by 10.06% and 23.68% compared with those of Zhongyouza 2 which belongs to CK, thus reaching the standard of hybrid rape variety with strong heterosis; the average oil percentage of the variety in the two years was 46.63%,which increased by 3.44 percentage points compared with that of all the other testing varieties in the same group, and in- creased by 5.14 percentage points compared with that of Zhongyouza 2, and the oil percentage of it in the production testing reached 49.21%. Thus Youyan 924 is a variety with strong heterosis and high oil, moreover, its contents of erucic acid and glucosinolate are 0,25% and 20.27 μmol/g, respectively. From the data aggregation of national regional trial, it has the advantages of high oil yield, high yielding ability, reaching the standards of low erucic acid and low glucosinolate, strong lodging re- sistance, good disease resistance aqd moderate mature period.
文摘[Objective] The study was conducted to provide a reference for develop- ment of fine winter rape varieties in northern Guangxi. [Method] In 2012 and 2013, 11 winter rape varieties were evaluated in northern Guangxi using randomized com- plete block design, Data such as yield and diseases were collected and analyzed. [Result] Among all the 11 varieties tested, the highest yield was recorded in variety Chuanzao NHl105. Dadi 95, FDl102, Chuanzao NHl105 and SWUl112 exhibited disease resistance better than Qinghai 131. [Conclusion] The winter rape varieties of FD105 and Qianza J102 were found suitable for planting in northern Guangxi.
文摘The flavonoids is a kind of complex compound and quercetin is a main composition in rape pollen.Taking quercetin as a sample and using separation technology and high performance liquid chromatography,chromatography fingerprint technique of Chinese medicine is introduced in food field to construct chromatography fingerprint of rape pollen,which can be used for medicinal use and edible use.The method will become a beneficial supplement for quality control method to ensure the safety and effectiveness of products.
