Oyster farming provides substantial ecological and economic benefits but is often constrained by the challenges of selecting suitable sites in dynamic coastal environments.This study presents a tailored oyster suitabi...Oyster farming provides substantial ecological and economic benefits but is often constrained by the challenges of selecting suitable sites in dynamic coastal environments.This study presents a tailored oyster suitability index(OSI)for the Zhujiang(Pearl)River Estuary(PRE),developed using Landsat satellite imagery and in situ observations collected from 2013 to 2023.Key environmental parameters,including sea surface temperature(SST),salinity,turbidity,and chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration,were integrated for OSI retrieval.Optimal algorithms for each parameter were identified through evaluation using field measurements,yielding high accuracy,as evidenced by strong determination coefficients(R^(2))and low root mean square error(RMSE):R^(2)=0.98,RMSE=0.74℃for SST;R^(2)=0.94,RMSE=0.50 for salinity;R^(2)=0.95,RMSE=1.21 mg/m^(3)for Chl-a;R^(2)=0.91,RMSE=1.48 NTU for turbidity.The OSI revealed pronounced seasonal and spatial variability,with the highest suitability observed during winter and the lowest during summer.Validation results demonstrated strong alignment between OSI predictions and existing oyster farming zones.These findings underscore the value of remote sensing for scalable,near-real-time aquaculture site assessments.The OSI framework provides a robust decision-support tool for optimizing oyster cultivation,promoting sustainable aquaculture development in dynamic estuarine systems such as the PRE and beyond.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore the management mode on optimal re-sources al ocation of family ranch in meadow steppe. [Method] Three double repre-sentative family ranches were selected in meadow steppe of Hulunber...[Objective] The aim was to explore the management mode on optimal re-sources al ocation of family ranch in meadow steppe. [Method] Three double repre-sentative family ranches were selected in meadow steppe of Hulunber Old Barag Banner, and the study was carried out with the baseline survey. Three family ranches were selected as the demonstrative households for the corporation study, while other three family ranches with the similar conditions were looked as the non-demonstrative households for the comparison. Demonstrative households of the fami-ly ranches reduced the stocking rate, optimized the flock structure and took a winter feeding and other means to explore the different management models on plant com-munity characteristic of family ranch. [Result] The seasonal dynamic of community characteristic in family ranches showed the single-peaks curves. The seasonal dy-namics of community coverage, height and biomass in the demonstrative households showed higher compared with the non-demonstrative households, and community density in the experiment households was lower than that of the control experiment households. Community coverage, height and biomass of degraded grassland in family ranch have a great improve after optimization of management. Community coverage, height , density and biomass were increasing in fencing plot, but decreas-ing in free grazing area. Enclosure improved grassland coverage, vegetation height, density and forage yield. Leymus chinensis played an important role in plant com-munity. The important values of Leymus chinensis, Stipa baicalensis, Cleistogenes squarrosa, and Carex duriuscula were high. Leymus chinensis important value in the demonstrative households of optimal management was higher than that in the non-demonstrative households, and Carex duriuscula important value of the non-demon-strative households was significantly higher than that of the demonstrative house-holds. The indexes of Margalef richnes,Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson diversity and Pielou uniformity showed that the demonstrative households were higher than the non-demonstrative households. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical ref-erences for sustainable development of pastures dominated by family ranch.展开更多
Attracting released hatchery-reared fish to designated areas during the growth process is vital to realize the objectives of sea ranching. Based on the bottom artificial reefs and surface kelp culture facilities in th...Attracting released hatchery-reared fish to designated areas during the growth process is vital to realize the objectives of sea ranching. Based on the bottom artificial reefs and surface kelp culture facilities in the Xiangshan Bay sea ranch, we proposed systematic techniques related to acoustic conditioning of the black seabream(Sparus macrocephalus). Experiments conducted in 12 m × 10 m × 1.6 m ponds on Xixuan Island showed that black seabream was positively sensitive to 500–600 Hz periodic signals. Conditioned responses were apparent after 8 d. Two to three days were required for recovery of the memory of a conditioned response after a 20-day interval. According to the practical application requirements in the open sea, unattended acoustic conditioning equipment was developed. The ranching equipment was used in 12 m × 12 m × 2.5 m cages, and the behavior of black seabream juveniles was successfully guided after 7 days. Of the 16000 released fish, 82.5% of them were conditioned with a flexible grading net. To avoid inducing a stress response, the juveniles were released into the sea ranch in situ from the net cage. The acoustic conditioning equipments were moved into the open sea and the aggregation phenomenon of the released fish was observed when the sound was played. After 6 months of investigation and based on Sr+ marking, only one acoustically conditioned fish was found outside the 3.5-km^2 sea ranch area, thereby reached the goal of guiding activity. The practical effect in the Xiangshan Bay sea ranch showed the validity of the acoustic conditioning system, which may contribute to improve the operation of the sea ranches in the East China Sea.展开更多
The ecological suitability of marine resources and environmental conditions for marine ranching in Guangdong,South China was evaluated.Niche theory was used to establish an ecological suitability evaluation model for ...The ecological suitability of marine resources and environmental conditions for marine ranching in Guangdong,South China was evaluated.Niche theory was used to establish an ecological suitability evaluation model for marine ranching site selection,and suitability evaluation of marine ranching was conducted in.Results show that the ecological suitability index of marine ranching site selection was greater than 64.0 in 20 sites,including offshore Shantou Bay,offshore Zhanjiang Port,and Longdou Bay etc.,which are the priority areas for marine ranching.In other 13 sites,the ecological suitability index ranged between 8.0 and 32.0,including Houjiang Bay,Haimen Bay,and Jieshi Bay etc.,indicating the suitability for marine ranching.However,the ecological suitability index was 0 in Shantou Bay,Zhujiang(Pearl)River estuary,Huangmao Sea,Guanghai Bay,Zhanjiang Port,Qiongzhou Strait,and Anpu Port.These sites are thus unsuitable for marine ranching.This study provides a theoretical basis for site selection and planning of marine ranching in Guangdong Province.展开更多
This study aims to assess ecological effects of the construction of marine ranching in the eastern Guangdong waters. Variations in sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a), catch per unit eff...This study aims to assess ecological effects of the construction of marine ranching in the eastern Guangdong waters. Variations in sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a), catch per unit effort (CPUE), biodiversity, biomass and density of benthos were compared during the pre- (August in 2011) and post- (August in 2013) marine ranching. These were based on satellite remote sensing and survey data. Results showed that the ratio of Nitrogen (N): Phosphorus (P) was closed to 16, Chl-a increased from 7.5 - 12.3 mg·m-3 to 10.4 - 16.2 mg·m-3, and CPUE increased from 2.1 - 5.5 kg·h-1 to 5.8 - 14.5 kg·h-1. The species number of fish, crustaceans, cephalopods and shellfish increased by 25, 3, 2 and 3 respectively. Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index of fish, crustaceans, cephalopods and shellfish increased by 0.5, 0.4, 0.1 and 1.0 respectively. Both biomass and density of benthos increased also. The construction of marine ranching in the eastern Guangdong had restored the habitat to some extent, and played positive effects in the conservation and proliferation of fishery resources in local area.展开更多
As a new fishery mode of low-carbon economy, marine ranching has played an important role in promoting sustainable development of fishery and construction of ocean economic zone in China. Since the year of 2000, envir...As a new fishery mode of low-carbon economy, marine ranching has played an important role in promoting sustainable development of fishery and construction of ocean economic zone in China. Since the year of 2000, environment improvement, stock enhancement and mariculture development have been given very high degree of importance along the coast of Shandong Province of China. Studies and tests on artificial reefs and marine ranching, including effect investigation of artificial reefs set up in Jiaonan coastal areas in 1980s, hydrodynamic characteristics experiment of artificial reef, study on material and configuration of artificial reef models, algae transplantation and seaweed beds construction, stock enhancement and releasing etc., have been carried out in recent years. Furthermore, the Restoration Plan of Fishery Resources of Shandong Province has been implemented since the year of 2005, which greatly boosted the construction of artificial reefs and marine ranching along the coast of Shandong. By June of 2010, the total investment on the construction of artificial reefs and marine ranching is over $77 million USD. One hundred artificial reef districts, with total area about 33,350,000 m2 have been set up. The construction of marine ranching along the coast of Shandong Province has been in certain scale and the economic, social and ecological effects are obvious.展开更多
As a resource development model with both economic and ecological functions,the environmental friendliness of marine ranching products meets the environmental needs of consumers.However,the lack of technological innov...As a resource development model with both economic and ecological functions,the environmental friendliness of marine ranching products meets the environmental needs of consumers.However,the lack of technological innovation ability limits the development of marine ranching.Therefore,this research builds a marine ranching collaborative innovation system with multi-agent participation.Evolutionary game theory is used to analyze strategic choices of all parties and the conditions of system equilibrium,and numerical simulation is used to analyze the effect of relevant factors.This paper integrates the benefits from the improvement of environmental friendliness into the payoff matrix,and explains the significance of collaborative innovation to the development of marine ranching from the perspective of ecological environment.The results showed:the participation willingness of marine ranching enterprises is positively related to open innovation subject,while the participation willingness of the other two parties is negatively related to the government;The incentive effect of collaboration is negatively correlated with the government’s will,positively correlated with the other two parties;The incentive effect of government subsidies positively affects the willingness of the three parties to participate.Finally,suggestions are provided for each participant to maintain the strategic choice of marine ranching collaborative innovation system.展开更多
The ten provinces of Zambia were surveyed to determine number and size of game ranches situated in these areas up to the end of 2012/early 2013. Three classes of game ranches were developed as;1) ≥500 hectares as gam...The ten provinces of Zambia were surveyed to determine number and size of game ranches situated in these areas up to the end of 2012/early 2013. Three classes of game ranches were developed as;1) ≥500 hectares as game ranch proper, 2) ≥50 - <500 hectares as game farm, and 3) <50 hectares as ornamental. A total of 200 game ranches keeping large mammals from the size of common duiker to eland were recorded with a growth rate of 6 per year for the period 1980-2012. The largest number was ornamental 98 (49%);large game ranches were 75 (38%) and the least was game farms 27 (14%). Thirty seven species of large mammals were recorded, of which, 15 were the most abundant with impala topping the list with 21,000 individuals (34%). It was found that of the ten provinces, Luapula, Western and Northern Provinces despite being largely rural with low population densities except for Luapula did not have any game ranch. The province with the largest number was Lusaka 71(36%), Southern 59 (30%), Central 31(16%), Copperbelt 19 (10%), Eastern and Northwestern 9 (4.5% each) and Muchinga was the least with 2 (1%). The rapid increase in the number of ornamental category is mainly attributed to the rise in the development of tourist accommodation facilities and high cost residential properties. This growth provides an opportunity to convert to game ranching schemes abandoned farmlands which are not currently useful to agriculture due to loss of fertility and other forms of land degradation. Similarly, parcels of land with natural ecological limitations should also be considered for such schemes. Rehabilitation of degraded land through ranching could also enhance carbon sequestration, a factor critical in minimizing carbon emissions and other green house gases.展开更多
Marine ranching can be regarded as a type of artificial fishery,and its construction aims at the sustainable utilisation of fishery resources.Therefore,the sustainable yield level of target species in marine ranching ...Marine ranching can be regarded as a type of artificial fishery,and its construction aims at the sustainable utilisation of fishery resources.Therefore,the sustainable yield level of target species in marine ranching has become one of the concerns of stakeholders.The enhancement surplus production model proposed by Wang(2021)based on the traditional surplus production model can be used to assess the sustainable utilisation of settled species in marine ranches.However,when the target species has the characteristics of migration inside and outside marine ranches,its sustainability assessment will be aff ected.Based on the movement range and resource density levels of enhancement species inside and outside marine ranches,we built a biomass change model that is suitable for enhancement species with migration characteristics inside and outside marine ranches(migration enhancement biomass model).Moreover,we simulated the effects of factors,such as the ratio of the movement range and the ratio of resource density within and outside marine ranches and the fishing strategy for the enhancement species in marine ranches,on the estimation of maximum sustainable yield(MSY).Results show that the large movement range of enhancement species outside marine ranches was associated with the obvious advantage of the proposed migration enhancement model over the traditional enhancement production model.A small difference in the densities of enhancement species inside and outside marine ranches was highly beneficial for improving the accuracy of MSY estimation.The migration enhancement biomass model proposed in this study provides an idea for estimating the MSY of an enhancement species that migrates inside and outside marine ranches.Researchers can adjust the parameters of the model in accordance with the actual situation of resource distribution and changes to improve the scientificity of fishery stock assessment.展开更多
This paper designs a way to introduce Zig Bee technology into the ranch fire monitoring system,and builds a real-time ranch fire monitoring system based on Zig Bee wireless sensor network.The system can monitor the pa...This paper designs a way to introduce Zig Bee technology into the ranch fire monitoring system,and builds a real-time ranch fire monitoring system based on Zig Bee wireless sensor network.The system can monitor the parameters related to ranch in real time,such as air moisture,temperature and smoke density,so as to provide information support for ranch fire prevention and extinguishment.This paper researches the circuit design of Zig Bee wireless sensor network node,node information collection,data fusion,transmission and effective topological structure of sensor network.展开更多
Obudu Cattle Ranch covers an area of 2400 hactares at an altitude of 900 - 1500 m above mean sea level and is suitable for cultivation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Irish potato (Solanu...Obudu Cattle Ranch covers an area of 2400 hactares at an altitude of 900 - 1500 m above mean sea level and is suitable for cultivation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), spinach (Spinacia oleracea) cabbage (Brassica oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) because of its semitemperate climate. Physicochemical characteristics, degradation rates and vulnerability potential of the soils were studied. Eighteen composite soil samples (0 - 15 and 15 - 30 cm) were collected at interval of 500 m along North-South and East-West transects in nine locations. The soils were characterized as follows: texture of sandy loam for the surface and subsurface soils;pH(H2O) (4.7 - 5.7), organic carbon (4.9 - 74.8 gkg-1), total nitrogen (0.2 - 4.8 gkg-1), carbon-nitrogen ratio (14 - 25), available P (6.66 - 107.89 mgkg-1), effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) (5.58 - 14.62 cmol·kg-1) and base saturation (49.37% - 85.28%);the surface soils were generally higher in organic carbon, total nitrogen, available P and ECEC than the subsurface. The Soil Degradation Rate (SDR)/ Vulnerability Potential (Vp) weighted values of texture (3/3), soil pH(H2O) (4/2), organic carbon (1/5) and base saturation (2/4) showed moderate to low susceptibility of the soils to degradation or vulnerability. The soils could be managed by liming, practicing crop rotation and using soil conservative measures.展开更多
The integrated development of marine ranching and offshore renewable energy is a new development mode of marine industry which develops and uses marine resources intensively and ecologically.China has taken the lead i...The integrated development of marine ranching and offshore renewable energy is a new development mode of marine industry which develops and uses marine resources intensively and ecologically.China has taken the lead in carrying out active exploration,which is of great significance for implementing the concept of green development,seizing the opportunity of Marine economic development and promoting the construction of modern marine ranching.However,in the initial stage of integrated development,in order to ensure sustainable development,it is necessary to focus on the major problems that have emerged or may arise in the areas of ecological protection,technology research and development,financial support and policy support.To solve or prevent these problems,we should strengthen policy toplevel design,policy innovation,international cooperation and first-mover advantage.展开更多
Combining the literature review and marine field investigation in the sea area,this article summarized the development and current situation of marine ranching at home and abroad.It analyzed the construction process o...Combining the literature review and marine field investigation in the sea area,this article summarized the development and current situation of marine ranching at home and abroad.It analyzed the construction process of artificial fish reefs,proliferation and release,and national-level marine ranching demonstration areas,as well as the current development situation and existing problems of marine ranching-related industries in Guangdong Province.Guangdong has built 50 ecological artificial reef areas,3 large-scale artificial reef demonstration areas,1 local artificial reef area and 15 national marine ranching areas,with a total sea area of 1499.68 km^(2),and 2.004 million m^(3) of reefs.However,there are some problems in Guangdong marine ranching,including imperfect management mechanism,inconsistence in development concept and understanding,unclear rights and responsibilities in using sea area,lack of construction technology standards and specifications,low scientific and technological level and limited industrial development.In view of these problems,this article came up with countermeasures,including insisting on ecology-prioritized development,and strengthening the coordination of multiple departments;creating a management mode conducive to market-oriented operation;breaking through the issue of sea area ownership;establishing a technical standard system for marine ranch construction in Guangdong;strengthening the research on the basis of high-quality construction and key common technologies of Guangdong marine ranching;establishing industrialization modes of Guangdong marine ranching according to local conditions.Understanding the development status of marine ranching in Guangdong and exploring the development strategies of marine ranching industry by referring to the relevant experience at home and abroad can provide references for the effective management,efficient and sustainable development of marine ranching in Guangdong and the integration of three industries in the development of marine ranching in Guangdong.展开更多
Marine ranching is a new model for restoring marine ecological environment and conserving offshore fishery resources.Offshore wind power is a new clean energy industry in China.Based on the analysis of the constructio...Marine ranching is a new model for restoring marine ecological environment and conserving offshore fishery resources.Offshore wind power is a new clean energy industry in China.Based on the analysis of the construction of offshore wind farms in Guangdong Province,this article proposes to actively promote the integrated development of offshore wind power and marine ranching.The suitability and deployment conditions of Sargasso algae reef construction in offshore wind farms,the feasibility of developing an integrated development model featuring artificial algae reefs+offshore wind farms in Guangdong Province,as well as the importance of ecological sea area use and management were discussed.Regarding the necessity of intensive and economical utilization of sea and sea resources,it is believed that the development model of"marine ranching+offshore wind power"will become an important direction for improving the comprehensive utilization of sea areas in the future.展开更多
This study evaluates the ecosystem service value of Qingdao Luhaifeng Sea Ranch artificial reef area through the established meta-analysis value transfer model,and the results show that the total value will be 150 mil...This study evaluates the ecosystem service value of Qingdao Luhaifeng Sea Ranch artificial reef area through the established meta-analysis value transfer model,and the results show that the total value will be 150 million yuan in 2022.According to the regression results of the meta-analysis,the types of ecosystem services,the types of pasture sediment,the population density of the pasture area,and the economic level all have a significant impact on the wetland value.The model in this paper passes the validity test,and the conclusions are the same as many current empirical studies.This shows that the benefit transfer method meta-analysis can save assessment labor,time and capital,and the decision-makers can make judgments quickly.Meta-analysis is an effective and fast ex ante evaluation tool.The reliability of the value transfer method of meta-analysis largely depends on the quantity and quality of existing studies and the establishment of mathematical models.It is necessary to expand the number of literature searches.However,the current evaluation method of ecosystem services in China has just started,so the government needs to encourage research institutions to evaluate the value of ecosystem services to provide more effective and abundant research literature.展开更多
Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in lakes can tell a lot about a lake’s water quality and ecosystem. It is a measure of the amount of algae growing in a waterbody and can be used to monitor the trophic condition o...Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in lakes can tell a lot about a lake’s water quality and ecosystem. It is a measure of the amount of algae growing in a waterbody and can be used to monitor the trophic condition of a waterbody. We studied the pre and post effects of marine ranch construction in Chl-a concentration in Zhelin Bay, Southern China using Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index (NDCI) and a web-based tool (https://mapcoordinates.info/). We used 8 day composite MODIS image collections of 500 m resolution and randomly selected two stations to extract the chlorophyll-a concentration values through the web-based tool. We recorded the slight increase in NDCI values in all stations after the construction of marine ranch which is a good indicator of the marine organisms’ reproduction and survival.展开更多
Facing global food challenges,China is pioneering an innovative solution to ocean resource management:marine ranching.This concept,transforming sections of the sea into managed underwater farms,stands at the forefront...Facing global food challenges,China is pioneering an innovative solution to ocean resource management:marine ranching.This concept,transforming sections of the sea into managed underwater farms,stands at the forefront of China’s food security and ecological preservation strategy.Led by institutions like the Institute of Oceanology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences,marine ranching goes beyond traditional aquaculture.It establishes managed ecosystems that not only yield food but also contribute to the restoration of marine biodiversity.This blue revolution addresses the urgent need for sustainable seafood production and aids in rehabilitating underwater ecosystems.China’s practice in this field might have provided valuable reference for global sustainable ocean management.展开更多
Foxtrot Mike Products公司是美国一家小型公司,主要生产基于AR平台的步枪及“手枪”,Ranch步枪是其产品之一,Ranch中文意为“牧场”,从名称即可看出该枪主要用于守护牧场,也可用于狩猎。该枪采用基于AR系的气吹式导气系统,但缩短了枪...Foxtrot Mike Products公司是美国一家小型公司,主要生产基于AR平台的步枪及“手枪”,Ranch步枪是其产品之一,Ranch中文意为“牧场”,从名称即可看出该枪主要用于守护牧场,也可用于狩猎。该枪采用基于AR系的气吹式导气系统,但缩短了枪机长度,复进簧安装在机匣内而非缓冲管内,因此机匣尾部可安装运动型枪托或其他类型的枪托。其上、下机匣由7075-T6铝合金铣削而成,表面经硬质阳极氧化处理。展开更多
基金The Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)under contract No.SML2021SP308the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42176173 and 42476268+1 种基金the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)under contract No.311020004Guangdong Geographical Science Data Center under contract No.2021B1212100003.
文摘Oyster farming provides substantial ecological and economic benefits but is often constrained by the challenges of selecting suitable sites in dynamic coastal environments.This study presents a tailored oyster suitability index(OSI)for the Zhujiang(Pearl)River Estuary(PRE),developed using Landsat satellite imagery and in situ observations collected from 2013 to 2023.Key environmental parameters,including sea surface temperature(SST),salinity,turbidity,and chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration,were integrated for OSI retrieval.Optimal algorithms for each parameter were identified through evaluation using field measurements,yielding high accuracy,as evidenced by strong determination coefficients(R^(2))and low root mean square error(RMSE):R^(2)=0.98,RMSE=0.74℃for SST;R^(2)=0.94,RMSE=0.50 for salinity;R^(2)=0.95,RMSE=1.21 mg/m^(3)for Chl-a;R^(2)=0.91,RMSE=1.48 NTU for turbidity.The OSI revealed pronounced seasonal and spatial variability,with the highest suitability observed during winter and the lowest during summer.Validation results demonstrated strong alignment between OSI predictions and existing oyster farming zones.These findings underscore the value of remote sensing for scalable,near-real-time aquaculture site assessments.The OSI framework provides a robust decision-support tool for optimizing oyster cultivation,promoting sustainable aquaculture development in dynamic estuarine systems such as the PRE and beyond.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201003019,201003061,201303060)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41201199)+1 种基金International Science and Technology Cooperation Project(2012DFA31290)Modern Agricultural Technology System of Special Funding~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore the management mode on optimal re-sources al ocation of family ranch in meadow steppe. [Method] Three double repre-sentative family ranches were selected in meadow steppe of Hulunber Old Barag Banner, and the study was carried out with the baseline survey. Three family ranches were selected as the demonstrative households for the corporation study, while other three family ranches with the similar conditions were looked as the non-demonstrative households for the comparison. Demonstrative households of the fami-ly ranches reduced the stocking rate, optimized the flock structure and took a winter feeding and other means to explore the different management models on plant com-munity characteristic of family ranch. [Result] The seasonal dynamic of community characteristic in family ranches showed the single-peaks curves. The seasonal dy-namics of community coverage, height and biomass in the demonstrative households showed higher compared with the non-demonstrative households, and community density in the experiment households was lower than that of the control experiment households. Community coverage, height and biomass of degraded grassland in family ranch have a great improve after optimization of management. Community coverage, height , density and biomass were increasing in fencing plot, but decreas-ing in free grazing area. Enclosure improved grassland coverage, vegetation height, density and forage yield. Leymus chinensis played an important role in plant com-munity. The important values of Leymus chinensis, Stipa baicalensis, Cleistogenes squarrosa, and Carex duriuscula were high. Leymus chinensis important value in the demonstrative households of optimal management was higher than that in the non-demonstrative households, and Carex duriuscula important value of the non-demon-strative households was significantly higher than that of the demonstrative house-holds. The indexes of Margalef richnes,Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson diversity and Pielou uniformity showed that the demonstrative households were higher than the non-demonstrative households. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical ref-erences for sustainable development of pastures dominated by family ranch.
基金financially supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (No. 201303047)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51309150)
文摘Attracting released hatchery-reared fish to designated areas during the growth process is vital to realize the objectives of sea ranching. Based on the bottom artificial reefs and surface kelp culture facilities in the Xiangshan Bay sea ranch, we proposed systematic techniques related to acoustic conditioning of the black seabream(Sparus macrocephalus). Experiments conducted in 12 m × 10 m × 1.6 m ponds on Xixuan Island showed that black seabream was positively sensitive to 500–600 Hz periodic signals. Conditioned responses were apparent after 8 d. Two to three days were required for recovery of the memory of a conditioned response after a 20-day interval. According to the practical application requirements in the open sea, unattended acoustic conditioning equipment was developed. The ranching equipment was used in 12 m × 12 m × 2.5 m cages, and the behavior of black seabream juveniles was successfully guided after 7 days. Of the 16000 released fish, 82.5% of them were conditioned with a flexible grading net. To avoid inducing a stress response, the juveniles were released into the sea ranch in situ from the net cage. The acoustic conditioning equipments were moved into the open sea and the aggregation phenomenon of the released fish was observed when the sound was played. After 6 months of investigation and based on Sr+ marking, only one acoustically conditioned fish was found outside the 3.5-km^2 sea ranch area, thereby reached the goal of guiding activity. The practical effect in the Xiangshan Bay sea ranch showed the validity of the acoustic conditioning system, which may contribute to improve the operation of the sea ranches in the East China Sea.
基金Supported by the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(No.GML2019ZD0402)。
文摘The ecological suitability of marine resources and environmental conditions for marine ranching in Guangdong,South China was evaluated.Niche theory was used to establish an ecological suitability evaluation model for marine ranching site selection,and suitability evaluation of marine ranching was conducted in.Results show that the ecological suitability index of marine ranching site selection was greater than 64.0 in 20 sites,including offshore Shantou Bay,offshore Zhanjiang Port,and Longdou Bay etc.,which are the priority areas for marine ranching.In other 13 sites,the ecological suitability index ranged between 8.0 and 32.0,including Houjiang Bay,Haimen Bay,and Jieshi Bay etc.,indicating the suitability for marine ranching.However,the ecological suitability index was 0 in Shantou Bay,Zhujiang(Pearl)River estuary,Huangmao Sea,Guanghai Bay,Zhanjiang Port,Qiongzhou Strait,and Anpu Port.These sites are thus unsuitable for marine ranching.This study provides a theoretical basis for site selection and planning of marine ranching in Guangdong Province.
文摘This study aims to assess ecological effects of the construction of marine ranching in the eastern Guangdong waters. Variations in sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a), catch per unit effort (CPUE), biodiversity, biomass and density of benthos were compared during the pre- (August in 2011) and post- (August in 2013) marine ranching. These were based on satellite remote sensing and survey data. Results showed that the ratio of Nitrogen (N): Phosphorus (P) was closed to 16, Chl-a increased from 7.5 - 12.3 mg·m-3 to 10.4 - 16.2 mg·m-3, and CPUE increased from 2.1 - 5.5 kg·h-1 to 5.8 - 14.5 kg·h-1. The species number of fish, crustaceans, cephalopods and shellfish increased by 25, 3, 2 and 3 respectively. Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index of fish, crustaceans, cephalopods and shellfish increased by 0.5, 0.4, 0.1 and 1.0 respectively. Both biomass and density of benthos increased also. The construction of marine ranching in the eastern Guangdong had restored the habitat to some extent, and played positive effects in the conservation and proliferation of fishery resources in local area.
文摘As a new fishery mode of low-carbon economy, marine ranching has played an important role in promoting sustainable development of fishery and construction of ocean economic zone in China. Since the year of 2000, environment improvement, stock enhancement and mariculture development have been given very high degree of importance along the coast of Shandong Province of China. Studies and tests on artificial reefs and marine ranching, including effect investigation of artificial reefs set up in Jiaonan coastal areas in 1980s, hydrodynamic characteristics experiment of artificial reef, study on material and configuration of artificial reef models, algae transplantation and seaweed beds construction, stock enhancement and releasing etc., have been carried out in recent years. Furthermore, the Restoration Plan of Fishery Resources of Shandong Province has been implemented since the year of 2005, which greatly boosted the construction of artificial reefs and marine ranching along the coast of Shandong. By June of 2010, the total investment on the construction of artificial reefs and marine ranching is over $77 million USD. One hundred artificial reef districts, with total area about 33,350,000 m2 have been set up. The construction of marine ranching along the coast of Shandong Province has been in certain scale and the economic, social and ecological effects are obvious.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71901199 and 72273135)the Frontier Science Research Support Program,Management College,OUC(No.MCQYZD2302)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(No.2019M660170)the Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province(No.201902019)the Special Program for Rural Revitalization Research of OUC(No.ZX2022002)the‘Youth Innovation Team Program’Team in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province(No.2022RW011).
文摘As a resource development model with both economic and ecological functions,the environmental friendliness of marine ranching products meets the environmental needs of consumers.However,the lack of technological innovation ability limits the development of marine ranching.Therefore,this research builds a marine ranching collaborative innovation system with multi-agent participation.Evolutionary game theory is used to analyze strategic choices of all parties and the conditions of system equilibrium,and numerical simulation is used to analyze the effect of relevant factors.This paper integrates the benefits from the improvement of environmental friendliness into the payoff matrix,and explains the significance of collaborative innovation to the development of marine ranching from the perspective of ecological environment.The results showed:the participation willingness of marine ranching enterprises is positively related to open innovation subject,while the participation willingness of the other two parties is negatively related to the government;The incentive effect of collaboration is negatively correlated with the government’s will,positively correlated with the other two parties;The incentive effect of government subsidies positively affects the willingness of the three parties to participate.Finally,suggestions are provided for each participant to maintain the strategic choice of marine ranching collaborative innovation system.
文摘The ten provinces of Zambia were surveyed to determine number and size of game ranches situated in these areas up to the end of 2012/early 2013. Three classes of game ranches were developed as;1) ≥500 hectares as game ranch proper, 2) ≥50 - <500 hectares as game farm, and 3) <50 hectares as ornamental. A total of 200 game ranches keeping large mammals from the size of common duiker to eland were recorded with a growth rate of 6 per year for the period 1980-2012. The largest number was ornamental 98 (49%);large game ranches were 75 (38%) and the least was game farms 27 (14%). Thirty seven species of large mammals were recorded, of which, 15 were the most abundant with impala topping the list with 21,000 individuals (34%). It was found that of the ten provinces, Luapula, Western and Northern Provinces despite being largely rural with low population densities except for Luapula did not have any game ranch. The province with the largest number was Lusaka 71(36%), Southern 59 (30%), Central 31(16%), Copperbelt 19 (10%), Eastern and Northwestern 9 (4.5% each) and Muchinga was the least with 2 (1%). The rapid increase in the number of ornamental category is mainly attributed to the rise in the development of tourist accommodation facilities and high cost residential properties. This growth provides an opportunity to convert to game ranching schemes abandoned farmlands which are not currently useful to agriculture due to loss of fertility and other forms of land degradation. Similarly, parcels of land with natural ecological limitations should also be considered for such schemes. Rehabilitation of degraded land through ranching could also enhance carbon sequestration, a factor critical in minimizing carbon emissions and other green house gases.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFD0901304)the Basic Public Welfare Research Project of Zhejiang(No.LGN21C190009)the Science and Technology Project of Zhoushan(No.2017C41012)。
文摘Marine ranching can be regarded as a type of artificial fishery,and its construction aims at the sustainable utilisation of fishery resources.Therefore,the sustainable yield level of target species in marine ranching has become one of the concerns of stakeholders.The enhancement surplus production model proposed by Wang(2021)based on the traditional surplus production model can be used to assess the sustainable utilisation of settled species in marine ranches.However,when the target species has the characteristics of migration inside and outside marine ranches,its sustainability assessment will be aff ected.Based on the movement range and resource density levels of enhancement species inside and outside marine ranches,we built a biomass change model that is suitable for enhancement species with migration characteristics inside and outside marine ranches(migration enhancement biomass model).Moreover,we simulated the effects of factors,such as the ratio of the movement range and the ratio of resource density within and outside marine ranches and the fishing strategy for the enhancement species in marine ranches,on the estimation of maximum sustainable yield(MSY).Results show that the large movement range of enhancement species outside marine ranches was associated with the obvious advantage of the proposed migration enhancement model over the traditional enhancement production model.A small difference in the densities of enhancement species inside and outside marine ranches was highly beneficial for improving the accuracy of MSY estimation.The migration enhancement biomass model proposed in this study provides an idea for estimating the MSY of an enhancement species that migrates inside and outside marine ranches.Researchers can adjust the parameters of the model in accordance with the actual situation of resource distribution and changes to improve the scientificity of fishery stock assessment.
文摘This paper designs a way to introduce Zig Bee technology into the ranch fire monitoring system,and builds a real-time ranch fire monitoring system based on Zig Bee wireless sensor network.The system can monitor the parameters related to ranch in real time,such as air moisture,temperature and smoke density,so as to provide information support for ranch fire prevention and extinguishment.This paper researches the circuit design of Zig Bee wireless sensor network node,node information collection,data fusion,transmission and effective topological structure of sensor network.
文摘Obudu Cattle Ranch covers an area of 2400 hactares at an altitude of 900 - 1500 m above mean sea level and is suitable for cultivation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), spinach (Spinacia oleracea) cabbage (Brassica oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) because of its semitemperate climate. Physicochemical characteristics, degradation rates and vulnerability potential of the soils were studied. Eighteen composite soil samples (0 - 15 and 15 - 30 cm) were collected at interval of 500 m along North-South and East-West transects in nine locations. The soils were characterized as follows: texture of sandy loam for the surface and subsurface soils;pH(H2O) (4.7 - 5.7), organic carbon (4.9 - 74.8 gkg-1), total nitrogen (0.2 - 4.8 gkg-1), carbon-nitrogen ratio (14 - 25), available P (6.66 - 107.89 mgkg-1), effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) (5.58 - 14.62 cmol·kg-1) and base saturation (49.37% - 85.28%);the surface soils were generally higher in organic carbon, total nitrogen, available P and ECEC than the subsurface. The Soil Degradation Rate (SDR)/ Vulnerability Potential (Vp) weighted values of texture (3/3), soil pH(H2O) (4/2), organic carbon (1/5) and base saturation (2/4) showed moderate to low susceptibility of the soils to degradation or vulnerability. The soils could be managed by liming, practicing crop rotation and using soil conservative measures.
文摘The integrated development of marine ranching and offshore renewable energy is a new development mode of marine industry which develops and uses marine resources intensively and ecologically.China has taken the lead in carrying out active exploration,which is of great significance for implementing the concept of green development,seizing the opportunity of Marine economic development and promoting the construction of modern marine ranching.However,in the initial stage of integrated development,in order to ensure sustainable development,it is necessary to focus on the major problems that have emerged or may arise in the areas of ecological protection,technology research and development,financial support and policy support.To solve or prevent these problems,we should strengthen policy toplevel design,policy innovation,international cooperation and first-mover advantage.
基金Supported by Guangdong Provincial Key R&D Program(2020B1111030002)Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(2021SD02)Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(2020TD06).
文摘Combining the literature review and marine field investigation in the sea area,this article summarized the development and current situation of marine ranching at home and abroad.It analyzed the construction process of artificial fish reefs,proliferation and release,and national-level marine ranching demonstration areas,as well as the current development situation and existing problems of marine ranching-related industries in Guangdong Province.Guangdong has built 50 ecological artificial reef areas,3 large-scale artificial reef demonstration areas,1 local artificial reef area and 15 national marine ranching areas,with a total sea area of 1499.68 km^(2),and 2.004 million m^(3) of reefs.However,there are some problems in Guangdong marine ranching,including imperfect management mechanism,inconsistence in development concept and understanding,unclear rights and responsibilities in using sea area,lack of construction technology standards and specifications,low scientific and technological level and limited industrial development.In view of these problems,this article came up with countermeasures,including insisting on ecology-prioritized development,and strengthening the coordination of multiple departments;creating a management mode conducive to market-oriented operation;breaking through the issue of sea area ownership;establishing a technical standard system for marine ranch construction in Guangdong;strengthening the research on the basis of high-quality construction and key common technologies of Guangdong marine ranching;establishing industrialization modes of Guangdong marine ranching according to local conditions.Understanding the development status of marine ranching in Guangdong and exploring the development strategies of marine ranching industry by referring to the relevant experience at home and abroad can provide references for the effective management,efficient and sustainable development of marine ranching in Guangdong and the integration of three industries in the development of marine ranching in Guangdong.
文摘Marine ranching is a new model for restoring marine ecological environment and conserving offshore fishery resources.Offshore wind power is a new clean energy industry in China.Based on the analysis of the construction of offshore wind farms in Guangdong Province,this article proposes to actively promote the integrated development of offshore wind power and marine ranching.The suitability and deployment conditions of Sargasso algae reef construction in offshore wind farms,the feasibility of developing an integrated development model featuring artificial algae reefs+offshore wind farms in Guangdong Province,as well as the importance of ecological sea area use and management were discussed.Regarding the necessity of intensive and economical utilization of sea and sea resources,it is believed that the development model of"marine ranching+offshore wind power"will become an important direction for improving the comprehensive utilization of sea areas in the future.
文摘This study evaluates the ecosystem service value of Qingdao Luhaifeng Sea Ranch artificial reef area through the established meta-analysis value transfer model,and the results show that the total value will be 150 million yuan in 2022.According to the regression results of the meta-analysis,the types of ecosystem services,the types of pasture sediment,the population density of the pasture area,and the economic level all have a significant impact on the wetland value.The model in this paper passes the validity test,and the conclusions are the same as many current empirical studies.This shows that the benefit transfer method meta-analysis can save assessment labor,time and capital,and the decision-makers can make judgments quickly.Meta-analysis is an effective and fast ex ante evaluation tool.The reliability of the value transfer method of meta-analysis largely depends on the quantity and quality of existing studies and the establishment of mathematical models.It is necessary to expand the number of literature searches.However,the current evaluation method of ecosystem services in China has just started,so the government needs to encourage research institutions to evaluate the value of ecosystem services to provide more effective and abundant research literature.
文摘Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in lakes can tell a lot about a lake’s water quality and ecosystem. It is a measure of the amount of algae growing in a waterbody and can be used to monitor the trophic condition of a waterbody. We studied the pre and post effects of marine ranch construction in Chl-a concentration in Zhelin Bay, Southern China using Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index (NDCI) and a web-based tool (https://mapcoordinates.info/). We used 8 day composite MODIS image collections of 500 m resolution and randomly selected two stations to extract the chlorophyll-a concentration values through the web-based tool. We recorded the slight increase in NDCI values in all stations after the construction of marine ranch which is a good indicator of the marine organisms’ reproduction and survival.
文摘Facing global food challenges,China is pioneering an innovative solution to ocean resource management:marine ranching.This concept,transforming sections of the sea into managed underwater farms,stands at the forefront of China’s food security and ecological preservation strategy.Led by institutions like the Institute of Oceanology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences,marine ranching goes beyond traditional aquaculture.It establishes managed ecosystems that not only yield food but also contribute to the restoration of marine biodiversity.This blue revolution addresses the urgent need for sustainable seafood production and aids in rehabilitating underwater ecosystems.China’s practice in this field might have provided valuable reference for global sustainable ocean management.
文摘Foxtrot Mike Products公司是美国一家小型公司,主要生产基于AR平台的步枪及“手枪”,Ranch步枪是其产品之一,Ranch中文意为“牧场”,从名称即可看出该枪主要用于守护牧场,也可用于狩猎。该枪采用基于AR系的气吹式导气系统,但缩短了枪机长度,复进簧安装在机匣内而非缓冲管内,因此机匣尾部可安装运动型枪托或其他类型的枪托。其上、下机匣由7075-T6铝合金铣削而成,表面经硬质阳极氧化处理。
