本文回顾了1927年印度的两种新按蚊(阔鳞按蚊Anopheles ramsayi和伪詹氏按蚊An.pseudojamesi)及其同物异名关系,以发表新种刊物月号[前者为Ind J Med Res(IJMR)4月号,后者为Ind Med Gaz(IMG)5月号]顺序优先,无确实发表日期,选定阔鳞按...本文回顾了1927年印度的两种新按蚊(阔鳞按蚊Anopheles ramsayi和伪詹氏按蚊An.pseudojamesi)及其同物异名关系,以发表新种刊物月号[前者为Ind J Med Res(IJMR)4月号,后者为Ind Med Gaz(IMG)5月号]顺序优先,无确实发表日期,选定阔鳞按蚊优先作为有效名称使用,形成命名错案。IMG编者(1936)在该刊发表质疑:提出"IJMR 4月号确切出版日期为5月15日,而IMG 5月号为5月10日",命名优先应属伪詹氏按蚊,但错案未能改正。Nurul Huda与Harrison(1985)撰文对命名错案事实作了澄清,提出伪詹氏按蚊具有命名优先,提升为种级阶元,订正为有效名称,而阔鳞按蚊应降为次异名,即无效名称。我国蚊类著作中至今仍使用已被分类否定的旧名(阔鳞按蚊),应立即订正为伪詹氏按蚊。展开更多
In strong solar light, silicon solar panels can heat up by 70℃ and, thereby, loose approximately one third of their efficiencyfor electricity generation. Leaf structures of plants on the other hand, have developed a ...In strong solar light, silicon solar panels can heat up by 70℃ and, thereby, loose approximately one third of their efficiencyfor electricity generation. Leaf structures of plants on the other hand, have developed a series of technological adaptations,which allow them to limit their temperature to 40-45℃ in full sunlight, even if water evaporation is suppressed. This is accomplishedby several strategies such as limitation of leaf size, optimization of aerodynamics in wind, limitation of absorbedsolar energy only to the useful fraction of radiation and by efficient thermal emission. Optical and infrared thermographicmeasurements under a solar simulator and in a streaming channel were used to investigate the corresponding properties of leavesand to identify suitable bionic model systems. Experiments started with the serrated structure of ordinary green leaves distributedover typical twig structures and finally identified the Australian palm tree Licuala ramsayi as a more useful bionic model. Itcombines a large area for solar energy harvesting with optimized aerodynamic properties for cooling and is able to restructureitself as a protection against strong winds. The bionic models, which were constructed and built, are analyzed and discussed.展开更多
文摘本文回顾了1927年印度的两种新按蚊(阔鳞按蚊Anopheles ramsayi和伪詹氏按蚊An.pseudojamesi)及其同物异名关系,以发表新种刊物月号[前者为Ind J Med Res(IJMR)4月号,后者为Ind Med Gaz(IMG)5月号]顺序优先,无确实发表日期,选定阔鳞按蚊优先作为有效名称使用,形成命名错案。IMG编者(1936)在该刊发表质疑:提出"IJMR 4月号确切出版日期为5月15日,而IMG 5月号为5月10日",命名优先应属伪詹氏按蚊,但错案未能改正。Nurul Huda与Harrison(1985)撰文对命名错案事实作了澄清,提出伪詹氏按蚊具有命名优先,提升为种级阶元,订正为有效名称,而阔鳞按蚊应降为次异名,即无效名称。我国蚊类著作中至今仍使用已被分类否定的旧名(阔鳞按蚊),应立即订正为伪詹氏按蚊。
文摘In strong solar light, silicon solar panels can heat up by 70℃ and, thereby, loose approximately one third of their efficiencyfor electricity generation. Leaf structures of plants on the other hand, have developed a series of technological adaptations,which allow them to limit their temperature to 40-45℃ in full sunlight, even if water evaporation is suppressed. This is accomplishedby several strategies such as limitation of leaf size, optimization of aerodynamics in wind, limitation of absorbedsolar energy only to the useful fraction of radiation and by efficient thermal emission. Optical and infrared thermographicmeasurements under a solar simulator and in a streaming channel were used to investigate the corresponding properties of leavesand to identify suitable bionic model systems. Experiments started with the serrated structure of ordinary green leaves distributedover typical twig structures and finally identified the Australian palm tree Licuala ramsayi as a more useful bionic model. Itcombines a large area for solar energy harvesting with optimized aerodynamic properties for cooling and is able to restructureitself as a protection against strong winds. The bionic models, which were constructed and built, are analyzed and discussed.
