A comprehensive simulation model -- deposition, diffusion, rotation, reaction and aggregation model is presented to simulate the formation processes of ramified clusters on liquid surfaces, where clusters can disuse a...A comprehensive simulation model -- deposition, diffusion, rotation, reaction and aggregation model is presented to simulate the formation processes of ramified clusters on liquid surfaces, where clusters can disuse and rotate easily. The mobility （including diffusion and rotation） of clusters is related to its mass, which is given by Dm = Dos^-γD and θm = θos^-γθ, respectively. The influence of the reaction probability on the kinetics and structure formation is included in the simulation model. We concentrate on revealing dynamic scaling during ramified cluster formation. For this purpose, the time evolution of the cluster density and the weight-average cluster size as well as the cluster-size distribution scaling function at different time are determined for various conditions. The dependence of the cluster density on the deposition flux and time-dependence of fractal dimension are also investigated. The obtained results are helpful in understanding the formation of clusters or thin film growth on liquid surfaces.展开更多
The supernumerary spikelets（SS）characters of tetraploid wheat（Triticum turgidum L.）resulting in more spikelets and kernels per spike,thus enhancing sink capacity may contribute to potential wheat yield improvement...The supernumerary spikelets（SS）characters of tetraploid wheat（Triticum turgidum L.）resulting in more spikelets and kernels per spike,thus enhancing sink capacity may contribute to potential wheat yield improvement.In order to investigate the effect of different SS types on agronomic characters and understand the genetic base of SS phenotype in tetraploid wheat,near isogenic lines（NILs）,bh-50 with normal spikelets（NS）,bh-51 with four-rowed spikelets（FRS）,bh-52 with short-ramified spikelets（SRS）,and bh-53 with long-ramified spikelets（LRS）in a Triticum durum cv.ZY1286 genetic background were developed by continuous backcrossing.Agronomic characters showed that the SS phenotype lines,bh-51,bh-52and bh-53 have significant increase in the number of spikelets and grains per spike compared with the NS phenotype line bh-50（P〈0.05）,and bh-53 line showed much more increase than those of bh-51 and bh-52.However,bh-53 had the lowest grain weight and the longest spike development stage than those of other spike phenotypes.These results indicated that the different SS types have different effects on the agronomic and spike characters.Genetic analysis through bh-50/bh-51and bh-51/bh-53 F2 populations showed that a recessive major gene controlled the spike architecture to transform from NS to FRS,and a dominant major gene determined the change of spike phenotype from FRS to RS.DNA sequences of Tt BH/WFZP ortholog on chromosome 2AS revealed that a single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）substitution happened in the open reading frame（ORF）region of all the SS tetraploid wheat accessions,which may lead to the generation of lateral meristems between glume and lemma during the immature spike development.While the fates of the lateral meristems,developing into lateral spikelets or branched spikelets,may be determined by another major gene.Our results presented here may advance our understanding and knowledge of the genes and genetic pathways determining the spike architecture development in wheat.展开更多
We report a catalyst-free growth of Cu nanocrystals on ionic liquid surfaces by thermal evaporation method at room temperature.After deposition of Cu on ionic liquid surfaces,ramified Cu aggregates form.It is found th...We report a catalyst-free growth of Cu nanocrystals on ionic liquid surfaces by thermal evaporation method at room temperature.After deposition of Cu on ionic liquid surfaces,ramified Cu aggregates form.It is found that the aggregates are composed of both granules and nanocrystals with triangular or hexagonal appearances.The sizes of the nanocrystals are in the range of tens to hundreds of nanometers and increase with the nominal deposition thickness.The growth mechanism of the Cu aggregates and nanocrystals is presented.展开更多
Here we show that Rubin’s method of the use of two Euler systems to the proofs of Iwasawa main conjectures of the rational number field and of an imaginary quadratic field is only proper to these two kinds of number ...Here we show that Rubin’s method of the use of two Euler systems to the proofs of Iwasawa main conjectures of the rational number field and of an imaginary quadratic field is only proper to these two kinds of number fields. We mainly use the properties of adéle ring and idéle group in class field theory to get the result.展开更多
基金The project supported by the Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Zhejiang Province of China under Grant No. RC02069 .
文摘A comprehensive simulation model -- deposition, diffusion, rotation, reaction and aggregation model is presented to simulate the formation processes of ramified clusters on liquid surfaces, where clusters can disuse and rotate easily. The mobility （including diffusion and rotation） of clusters is related to its mass, which is given by Dm = Dos^-γD and θm = θos^-γθ, respectively. The influence of the reaction probability on the kinetics and structure formation is included in the simulation model. We concentrate on revealing dynamic scaling during ramified cluster formation. For this purpose, the time evolution of the cluster density and the weight-average cluster size as well as the cluster-size distribution scaling function at different time are determined for various conditions. The dependence of the cluster density on the deposition flux and time-dependence of fractal dimension are also investigated. The obtained results are helpful in understanding the formation of clusters or thin film growth on liquid surfaces.
基金supported by the State Transgenic Project, China (2014ZX08009-40B)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (KYZ201303)
文摘The supernumerary spikelets（SS）characters of tetraploid wheat（Triticum turgidum L.）resulting in more spikelets and kernels per spike,thus enhancing sink capacity may contribute to potential wheat yield improvement.In order to investigate the effect of different SS types on agronomic characters and understand the genetic base of SS phenotype in tetraploid wheat,near isogenic lines（NILs）,bh-50 with normal spikelets（NS）,bh-51 with four-rowed spikelets（FRS）,bh-52 with short-ramified spikelets（SRS）,and bh-53 with long-ramified spikelets（LRS）in a Triticum durum cv.ZY1286 genetic background were developed by continuous backcrossing.Agronomic characters showed that the SS phenotype lines,bh-51,bh-52and bh-53 have significant increase in the number of spikelets and grains per spike compared with the NS phenotype line bh-50（P〈0.05）,and bh-53 line showed much more increase than those of bh-51 and bh-52.However,bh-53 had the lowest grain weight and the longest spike development stage than those of other spike phenotypes.These results indicated that the different SS types have different effects on the agronomic and spike characters.Genetic analysis through bh-50/bh-51and bh-51/bh-53 F2 populations showed that a recessive major gene controlled the spike architecture to transform from NS to FRS,and a dominant major gene determined the change of spike phenotype from FRS to RS.DNA sequences of Tt BH/WFZP ortholog on chromosome 2AS revealed that a single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）substitution happened in the open reading frame（ORF）region of all the SS tetraploid wheat accessions,which may lead to the generation of lateral meristems between glume and lemma during the immature spike development.While the fates of the lateral meristems,developing into lateral spikelets or branched spikelets,may be determined by another major gene.Our results presented here may advance our understanding and knowledge of the genes and genetic pathways determining the spike architecture development in wheat.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11374082).
文摘We report a catalyst-free growth of Cu nanocrystals on ionic liquid surfaces by thermal evaporation method at room temperature.After deposition of Cu on ionic liquid surfaces,ramified Cu aggregates form.It is found that the aggregates are composed of both granules and nanocrystals with triangular or hexagonal appearances.The sizes of the nanocrystals are in the range of tens to hundreds of nanometers and increase with the nominal deposition thickness.The growth mechanism of the Cu aggregates and nanocrystals is presented.
文摘Here we show that Rubin’s method of the use of two Euler systems to the proofs of Iwasawa main conjectures of the rational number field and of an imaginary quadratic field is only proper to these two kinds of number fields. We mainly use the properties of adéle ring and idéle group in class field theory to get the result.
