This paper reports the results acquired in a research work about ＂questionable＂ practices and behaviors in the academic production of researches and postgraduate social sciences and humanities studies of the program...This paper reports the results acquired in a research work about ＂questionable＂ practices and behaviors in the academic production of researches and postgraduate social sciences and humanities studies of the programs that are appointed by the National Program of Quality Postgraduate Studies （PNPC, by its acronym in Spanish） in Mexico. Through a qualitative methodology, the authors interpreted some of the arguments that explain and/or justify certain practices in relation to doubled production, authorship, and coauthorship of academic products. In this paper, the authors present and analyze the results that they obtained after reviewing documents produced by professors and students of six postgraduate programs that are taught in two Mexican public universities. At the same time, the authors examine some of the practices that take place within said programs, given the institutional demands of improving finished studies efficiency. One of the hypotheses of this work is the demands that are imposed by external evaluations of academic processes on professors and their programs in order to reach desirable rates with the purpose of maintaining or increasing the levels of productivity, gives way to certain practices that must be analyzed. This work＇s theoretic framework is constituted by the contributions of career sociology and professional ethics.展开更多
Foundation models are reshaping artificial intelligence,yet their deployment in specialised domains such as agricultural question answering(AQA)still faces challenges including data scarcity and barriers to domainspec...Foundation models are reshaping artificial intelligence,yet their deployment in specialised domains such as agricultural question answering(AQA)still faces challenges including data scarcity and barriers to domainspecific knowledge.To systematically review recent progress in this area,this paper adopts a task–paradigmperspective and examines applications across three major AQA task families.For text-based QA,we analyse the strengths and limitations of retrieval-based,generative,and hybrid approaches built on large languagemodels,revealing a clear trend toward hybrid paradigms that balance precision and flexibility.For visual diagnosis,we discuss techniques such as crossmodal alignment and prompt-driven generation,which are pushing systems beyond simple pest and disease recognition toward deeper causal reasoning.Formultimodal reasoning,we show how the fusion of heterogeneous data—including text,images,speech,and sensor streams—enables comprehensive decision-making for diagnosis,monitoring,and yield prediction.To address the lack of unified benchmarks,we further propose a standardised evaluation protocol and a diagnostic taxonomy specifically designed to characterise agriculture-specific errors.Finally,we outline a concreteAQA roadmap that emphasises safety alignment,hallucination control,and lightweight deployment,aiming to guide future systems toward greater efficiency,trustworthiness,and sustainability.展开更多
在小学高年级英语语篇教学中,存在学生思维浅表化、问题设计碎片化、旧版教材适配难这三个痛点。以译林版英语教材六年级上册Unit 4 Then and now中Story time的教学为例,教师立足教材文本,构建“课前定问—课初引链—课中解链—课后拓...在小学高年级英语语篇教学中,存在学生思维浅表化、问题设计碎片化、旧版教材适配难这三个痛点。以译林版英语教材六年级上册Unit 4 Then and now中Story time的教学为例,教师立足教材文本,构建“课前定问—课初引链—课中解链—课后拓链—全程评链”的五步闭环,用大问题拉主线、小问题搭台阶,能激活学生语篇学习内驱力,实现英语教学从“知识传递”到“素养培养”的转变。展开更多
Large language models(LLMs)show great potential in educational scenarios but face challenges like hallucination,knowledge gaps,and reasoning discontinuities.This study proposes a dynamic knowledge enhancement framewor...Large language models(LLMs)show great potential in educational scenarios but face challenges like hallucination,knowledge gaps,and reasoning discontinuities.This study proposes a dynamic knowledge enhancement framework.By integrating local knowledge graphs and stepwise prompting mechanisms,it improves LLMs’accuracy and interpretability in solving professional domain problems.The framework has two core modules:an LLM-driven knowledge graph construction system for incremental updates and a unified reasoning engine for generating enhanced prompts.Experiments on 680 educational questions show that the method boosts accuracy by 4.5%and 4.3%for multi-step reasoning and knowledge-dependent questions respectively,and increases reasoning step completeness from 68.2%to 83.7%.It also reduces hallucination problems.Key contributions include the followings:①validation of an effective framework synergizing knowledge graphs with retrieval mechanisms to enhance LLM reliability;②a stepwise prompting strategy enforcing explicit reasoning chain generation,addressing pedagogical requirements for process interpretability;③a lightweight deployment solution for educational systems such as adaptive learning platforms.展开更多
Experiments with interacting high-velocity flows in a laser plasma can help answer fundamental questions in plasma physics and improve understanding of the mechanisms behind some astrophysical phenomena,such as the fo...Experiments with interacting high-velocity flows in a laser plasma can help answer fundamental questions in plasma physics and improve understanding of the mechanisms behind some astrophysical phenomena,such as the formation of collisionless shock waves,deceleration of accretion flows,and evolution of solar and stellar flares.This work presents the first direct experimental observations of stagnation and redirection of counterstreaming flows(jets)of laser plasma induced by intense laser pulses with intensity I~2×10^(18) W/cm^(2).Hybrid particlein-cell-fluid modeling,which takes into account the kinetic effects of ion motion and the evolution of the pressure tensor for electrons,demonstrates the compression of counterdirected toroidal self-generated magnetic fields embedded in counterstreaming plasma flows.The enhancement of the toroidal magnetic field in the interaction region results in plasma flow stagnation and redirection of the jets across the line of their initial propagation.展开更多
Editors Yang Wang,Xi'an Jiaotong University Dongbo Shi,Shanghai Jiaotong University Ye Sun,University College London Zhesi Shen,National Science Library,CAS Topic of the Special Issue What are the top questions to...Editors Yang Wang,Xi'an Jiaotong University Dongbo Shi,Shanghai Jiaotong University Ye Sun,University College London Zhesi Shen,National Science Library,CAS Topic of the Special Issue What are the top questions towards better science and innovation and the required data to answer these questions?展开更多
Activity 1 Think about the following questions and write down your answers before reading the text.1.What are some common factors that usually cause damage to trees when they are struck by lightning?2.How might the un...Activity 1 Think about the following questions and write down your answers before reading the text.1.What are some common factors that usually cause damage to trees when they are struck by lightning?2.How might the unique characteristics of a tree contribute to its ability to survive a lightning strike?展开更多
Editors Yang Wang,Xi'an Jiaotong University Dongbo Shi,Shanghai Jiaotong University Ye Sun,University College London Zhesi Shen,National Science Library,CASTopic of the Special Issue What are the top questions tow...Editors Yang Wang,Xi'an Jiaotong University Dongbo Shi,Shanghai Jiaotong University Ye Sun,University College London Zhesi Shen,National Science Library,CASTopic of the Special Issue What are the top questions towards better science and innovation and the required data to answer these questions?展开更多
It has long been noticed that focus is able to influence the truth-conditions of coun-terfactual conditionals.Namely,stressing different parts of a counterfactual leads to distinct interpretations.However,existing the...It has long been noticed that focus is able to influence the truth-conditions of coun-terfactual conditionals.Namely,stressing different parts of a counterfactual leads to distinct interpretations.However,existing theories,such as those by von Finte1 and Rooth,fail to ad-equately account for this phenomenon.In this paper,I exposit the drawbacks of these theories and then propose a novel account,ie.the Good Question-Answer(GQA)view.The GQA account posits that focus triggers question-answer pairs,and pragmatic pressures conceming the adequacy of such question answer pairs in contexts are able to affect the truth-conditions of counterfactuals.I also argue for the GQA account by appeal to its theoretical virtues.展开更多
Medical visual question answering(MedVQA)faces unique challenges due to the high precision required for images and the specialized nature of the questions.These challenges include insufficient feature extraction capab...Medical visual question answering(MedVQA)faces unique challenges due to the high precision required for images and the specialized nature of the questions.These challenges include insufficient feature extraction capabilities,a lack of textual priors,and incomplete information fusion and interaction.This paper proposes an enhanced bootstrapping language-image pre-training(BLIP)model for MedVQA based on multimodal feature augmentation and triple-path collaborative attention(FCA-BLIP)to address these issues.First,FCA-BLIP employs a unified bootstrap multimodal model architecture that integrates ResNet and bidirectional encoder representations from Transformer(BERT)models to enhance feature extraction capabilities.It enables a more precise analysis of the details in images and questions.Next,the pre-trained BLIP model is used to extract features from image-text sample pairs.The model can understand the semantic relationships and shared information between images and text.Finally,a novel attention structure is developed to fuse the multimodal feature vectors,thereby improving the alignment accuracy between modalities.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs well in clinical visual question-answering tasks.For the MedVQA task of staging diabetic macular edema in fundus imaging,the proposed method outperforms the existing major models in several performance metrics.展开更多
In maths,some calculations are just as hard as word problems.Actually,they are word problems.Strategies of solving problems must be applied,while you are doing such calculations.Now,let's discuss a few questions a...In maths,some calculations are just as hard as word problems.Actually,they are word problems.Strategies of solving problems must be applied,while you are doing such calculations.Now,let's discuss a few questions as examples.展开更多
AIM:To develop a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)knowledge graph(KG)for diabetic retinopathy(DR)diagnosis and treatment by integrating literature and medical records,thereby enhancing TCM knowledge accessibility and ...AIM:To develop a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)knowledge graph(KG)for diabetic retinopathy(DR)diagnosis and treatment by integrating literature and medical records,thereby enhancing TCM knowledge accessibility and providing innovative approaches for TCM inheritance and DR management.METHODS:First,a KG framework was established with a schema-layer design.Second,high-quality literature and electronic medical records served as data sources.Named entity recognition was performed using the ALBERT-BiLSTMCRF model,and semantic relationships were curated by domain experts.Third,knowledge fusion was mainly achieved through an alias library.Subsequently,the data layer was mapped to the schema layer to refine the KG,and knowledge was stored in Neo4j.Finally,exploratory work on intelligent question answering was conducted based on the constructed KG.RESULTS:In Neo4j,a KG for TCM diagnosis and treatment was constructed,incorporating 6 types of labels,5 types of relationships,5 types of attributes,822 nodes,and 1,318 relationship instances.This systematic KG supports logical reasoning and intelligent question answering.The question answering model achieved a precision of 95%,a recall of 95%,and a weighted F1-score of 95%.CONCLUSION:This study proposes a semi-automatic knowledge-mapping scheme to balance integration efficiency and accuracy.Clinical data-driven entity and relationship construction enables digital dialectical reasoning.Exploratory applications show the KG’s potential in intelligent question answering,providing new insights for TCM health management.展开更多
With the advancements in parameter-efficient transfer learning techniques,it has become feasible to leverage large pre-trained language models for downstream tasks under low-cost and low-resource conditions.However,ap...With the advancements in parameter-efficient transfer learning techniques,it has become feasible to leverage large pre-trained language models for downstream tasks under low-cost and low-resource conditions.However,applying this technique to multimodal knowledge transfer introduces a significant challenge:ensuring alignment across modalities while minimizing the number of additional parameters required for downstream task adaptation.This paper introduces UniTrans,a framework aimed at facilitating efficient knowledge transfer across multiple modalities.UniTrans leverages Vector-based Cross-modal Random Matrix Adaptation to enable fine-tuning with minimal parameter overhead.To further enhance modality alignment,we introduce two key components:the Multimodal Consistency Alignment Module and the Query-Augmentation Side Network,specifically optimized for scenarios with extremely limited trainable parameters.Extensive evaluations on various cross-modal downstream tasks demonstrate that our approach surpasses state-of-the-art methods while using just 5%of their trainable parameters.Additionally,it achieves superior performance compared to fully fine-tuned models on certain benchmarks.展开更多
When it comes to the Taiwan question,people tend to focus on American factors.However,if tracing the source,the Japanese factors may be more profound than the American ones.After World WarⅡ,a group of intellectuals f...When it comes to the Taiwan question,people tend to focus on American factors.However,if tracing the source,the Japanese factors may be more profound than the American ones.After World WarⅡ,a group of intellectuals from Taiwan region of China represented by Thomas W.I.Liao established various“Taiwan independence”organizations in Japan and engaged in“Taiwan independence”activities,which can be regarded as the origin of the post-war“Taiwan independence”movement.Their journey to“Taiwan independence”was also influenced by the political situation at home and abroad at that time,and their experiences also showed that the“Taiwan independence”elements were just victims of international political transactions.The Taiwan question,which continues to this day,has been influenced by the complicated international political situation from the very beginning.展开更多
在小学英语教学中,单元整体教学法逐渐成为提升教学质量的有效途径。本文以译林版英语三年级下册Unit 3 School rules为例,深入探讨了问题引领单元整体教学的设计原则与实施策略。通过设计具有启发性、整合性、以学生为中心及实践创新...在小学英语教学中,单元整体教学法逐渐成为提升教学质量的有效途径。本文以译林版英语三年级下册Unit 3 School rules为例,深入探讨了问题引领单元整体教学的设计原则与实施策略。通过设计具有启发性、整合性、以学生为中心及实践创新性的问题,本文旨在构建一个高效、互动、探究式的英语学习环境。研究结果显示,该教学模式能够显著提高学生的英语学习兴趣与综合能力,促进学生对学习规则的理解与遵守。展开更多
文摘This paper reports the results acquired in a research work about ＂questionable＂ practices and behaviors in the academic production of researches and postgraduate social sciences and humanities studies of the programs that are appointed by the National Program of Quality Postgraduate Studies （PNPC, by its acronym in Spanish） in Mexico. Through a qualitative methodology, the authors interpreted some of the arguments that explain and/or justify certain practices in relation to doubled production, authorship, and coauthorship of academic products. In this paper, the authors present and analyze the results that they obtained after reviewing documents produced by professors and students of six postgraduate programs that are taught in two Mexican public universities. At the same time, the authors examine some of the practices that take place within said programs, given the institutional demands of improving finished studies efficiency. One of the hypotheses of this work is the demands that are imposed by external evaluations of academic processes on professors and their programs in order to reach desirable rates with the purpose of maintaining or increasing the levels of productivity, gives way to certain practices that must be analyzed. This work＇s theoretic framework is constituted by the contributions of career sociology and professional ethics.
基金supported by the Ningxia Natural Science Foundation(2025AAC050001)the Scientific Research Startup Project for Full-Time Introduced High-Level Talents in Ningxia(2024BEH04130)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460444)the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Research and Development Program(2024BBF0101302,2023BDE02001)Supported by the Special Fund for Basic Research Business of Central Universities of North Minzu University(2025BG234,2023ZRLG12).
文摘Foundation models are reshaping artificial intelligence,yet their deployment in specialised domains such as agricultural question answering(AQA)still faces challenges including data scarcity and barriers to domainspecific knowledge.To systematically review recent progress in this area,this paper adopts a task–paradigmperspective and examines applications across three major AQA task families.For text-based QA,we analyse the strengths and limitations of retrieval-based,generative,and hybrid approaches built on large languagemodels,revealing a clear trend toward hybrid paradigms that balance precision and flexibility.For visual diagnosis,we discuss techniques such as crossmodal alignment and prompt-driven generation,which are pushing systems beyond simple pest and disease recognition toward deeper causal reasoning.Formultimodal reasoning,we show how the fusion of heterogeneous data—including text,images,speech,and sensor streams—enables comprehensive decision-making for diagnosis,monitoring,and yield prediction.To address the lack of unified benchmarks,we further propose a standardised evaluation protocol and a diagnostic taxonomy specifically designed to characterise agriculture-specific errors.Finally,we outline a concreteAQA roadmap that emphasises safety alignment,hallucination control,and lightweight deployment,aiming to guide future systems toward greater efficiency,trustworthiness,and sustainability.
文摘在小学高年级英语语篇教学中,存在学生思维浅表化、问题设计碎片化、旧版教材适配难这三个痛点。以译林版英语教材六年级上册Unit 4 Then and now中Story time的教学为例,教师立足教材文本,构建“课前定问—课初引链—课中解链—课后拓链—全程评链”的五步闭环,用大问题拉主线、小问题搭台阶,能激活学生语篇学习内驱力,实现英语教学从“知识传递”到“素养培养”的转变。
基金supported in part by the China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute(CSIJRI)under Grant No.206-A023001the Undergraduate Teaching Reform Project of Shandong University under Grant Nos.2023Y235 and 2025Y99.
文摘Large language models(LLMs)show great potential in educational scenarios but face challenges like hallucination,knowledge gaps,and reasoning discontinuities.This study proposes a dynamic knowledge enhancement framework.By integrating local knowledge graphs and stepwise prompting mechanisms,it improves LLMs’accuracy and interpretability in solving professional domain problems.The framework has two core modules:an LLM-driven knowledge graph construction system for incremental updates and a unified reasoning engine for generating enhanced prompts.Experiments on 680 educational questions show that the method boosts accuracy by 4.5%and 4.3%for multi-step reasoning and knowledge-dependent questions respectively,and increases reasoning step completeness from 68.2%to 83.7%.It also reduces hallucination problems.Key contributions include the followings:①validation of an effective framework synergizing knowledge graphs with retrieval mechanisms to enhance LLM reliability;②a stepwise prompting strategy enforcing explicit reasoning chain generation,addressing pedagogical requirements for process interpretability;③a lightweight deployment solution for educational systems such as adaptive learning platforms.
基金supported by Russian Science Foundation Grant No.24-62-00032.
文摘Experiments with interacting high-velocity flows in a laser plasma can help answer fundamental questions in plasma physics and improve understanding of the mechanisms behind some astrophysical phenomena,such as the formation of collisionless shock waves,deceleration of accretion flows,and evolution of solar and stellar flares.This work presents the first direct experimental observations of stagnation and redirection of counterstreaming flows(jets)of laser plasma induced by intense laser pulses with intensity I~2×10^(18) W/cm^(2).Hybrid particlein-cell-fluid modeling,which takes into account the kinetic effects of ion motion and the evolution of the pressure tensor for electrons,demonstrates the compression of counterdirected toroidal self-generated magnetic fields embedded in counterstreaming plasma flows.The enhancement of the toroidal magnetic field in the interaction region results in plasma flow stagnation and redirection of the jets across the line of their initial propagation.
文摘Editors Yang Wang,Xi'an Jiaotong University Dongbo Shi,Shanghai Jiaotong University Ye Sun,University College London Zhesi Shen,National Science Library,CAS Topic of the Special Issue What are the top questions towards better science and innovation and the required data to answer these questions?
文摘Activity 1 Think about the following questions and write down your answers before reading the text.1.What are some common factors that usually cause damage to trees when they are struck by lightning?2.How might the unique characteristics of a tree contribute to its ability to survive a lightning strike?
文摘Editors Yang Wang,Xi'an Jiaotong University Dongbo Shi,Shanghai Jiaotong University Ye Sun,University College London Zhesi Shen,National Science Library,CASTopic of the Special Issue What are the top questions towards better science and innovation and the required data to answer these questions?
基金supported by the Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of China(No.23&ZD240)。
文摘It has long been noticed that focus is able to influence the truth-conditions of coun-terfactual conditionals.Namely,stressing different parts of a counterfactual leads to distinct interpretations.However,existing theories,such as those by von Finte1 and Rooth,fail to ad-equately account for this phenomenon.In this paper,I exposit the drawbacks of these theories and then propose a novel account,ie.the Good Question-Answer(GQA)view.The GQA account posits that focus triggers question-answer pairs,and pragmatic pressures conceming the adequacy of such question answer pairs in contexts are able to affect the truth-conditions of counterfactuals.I also argue for the GQA account by appeal to its theoretical virtues.
基金Supported by the Program for Liaoning Excellent Talents in University(No.LR15045)the Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Department Applied Basic Research Plan(No.101300243).
文摘Medical visual question answering(MedVQA)faces unique challenges due to the high precision required for images and the specialized nature of the questions.These challenges include insufficient feature extraction capabilities,a lack of textual priors,and incomplete information fusion and interaction.This paper proposes an enhanced bootstrapping language-image pre-training(BLIP)model for MedVQA based on multimodal feature augmentation and triple-path collaborative attention(FCA-BLIP)to address these issues.First,FCA-BLIP employs a unified bootstrap multimodal model architecture that integrates ResNet and bidirectional encoder representations from Transformer(BERT)models to enhance feature extraction capabilities.It enables a more precise analysis of the details in images and questions.Next,the pre-trained BLIP model is used to extract features from image-text sample pairs.The model can understand the semantic relationships and shared information between images and text.Finally,a novel attention structure is developed to fuse the multimodal feature vectors,thereby improving the alignment accuracy between modalities.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs well in clinical visual question-answering tasks.For the MedVQA task of staging diabetic macular edema in fundus imaging,the proposed method outperforms the existing major models in several performance metrics.
文摘In maths,some calculations are just as hard as word problems.Actually,they are word problems.Strategies of solving problems must be applied,while you are doing such calculations.Now,let's discuss a few questions as examples.
基金Supported by Hunan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project(No.B2023043)Hunan Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Project(No.22B0386)+1 种基金Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission(No.20256982)Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Campus Level Research Fund Project(No.2022XJZKC004).
文摘AIM:To develop a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)knowledge graph(KG)for diabetic retinopathy(DR)diagnosis and treatment by integrating literature and medical records,thereby enhancing TCM knowledge accessibility and providing innovative approaches for TCM inheritance and DR management.METHODS:First,a KG framework was established with a schema-layer design.Second,high-quality literature and electronic medical records served as data sources.Named entity recognition was performed using the ALBERT-BiLSTMCRF model,and semantic relationships were curated by domain experts.Third,knowledge fusion was mainly achieved through an alias library.Subsequently,the data layer was mapped to the schema layer to refine the KG,and knowledge was stored in Neo4j.Finally,exploratory work on intelligent question answering was conducted based on the constructed KG.RESULTS:In Neo4j,a KG for TCM diagnosis and treatment was constructed,incorporating 6 types of labels,5 types of relationships,5 types of attributes,822 nodes,and 1,318 relationship instances.This systematic KG supports logical reasoning and intelligent question answering.The question answering model achieved a precision of 95%,a recall of 95%,and a weighted F1-score of 95%.CONCLUSION:This study proposes a semi-automatic knowledge-mapping scheme to balance integration efficiency and accuracy.Clinical data-driven entity and relationship construction enables digital dialectical reasoning.Exploratory applications show the KG’s potential in intelligent question answering,providing new insights for TCM health management.
文摘With the advancements in parameter-efficient transfer learning techniques,it has become feasible to leverage large pre-trained language models for downstream tasks under low-cost and low-resource conditions.However,applying this technique to multimodal knowledge transfer introduces a significant challenge:ensuring alignment across modalities while minimizing the number of additional parameters required for downstream task adaptation.This paper introduces UniTrans,a framework aimed at facilitating efficient knowledge transfer across multiple modalities.UniTrans leverages Vector-based Cross-modal Random Matrix Adaptation to enable fine-tuning with minimal parameter overhead.To further enhance modality alignment,we introduce two key components:the Multimodal Consistency Alignment Module and the Query-Augmentation Side Network,specifically optimized for scenarios with extremely limited trainable parameters.Extensive evaluations on various cross-modal downstream tasks demonstrate that our approach surpasses state-of-the-art methods while using just 5%of their trainable parameters.Additionally,it achieves superior performance compared to fully fine-tuned models on certain benchmarks.
基金supported by“National Social Science Foundation of China 2020”(Grant No.20CSS011).
文摘When it comes to the Taiwan question,people tend to focus on American factors.However,if tracing the source,the Japanese factors may be more profound than the American ones.After World WarⅡ,a group of intellectuals from Taiwan region of China represented by Thomas W.I.Liao established various“Taiwan independence”organizations in Japan and engaged in“Taiwan independence”activities,which can be regarded as the origin of the post-war“Taiwan independence”movement.Their journey to“Taiwan independence”was also influenced by the political situation at home and abroad at that time,and their experiences also showed that the“Taiwan independence”elements were just victims of international political transactions.The Taiwan question,which continues to this day,has been influenced by the complicated international political situation from the very beginning.
文摘在小学英语教学中,单元整体教学法逐渐成为提升教学质量的有效途径。本文以译林版英语三年级下册Unit 3 School rules为例,深入探讨了问题引领单元整体教学的设计原则与实施策略。通过设计具有启发性、整合性、以学生为中心及实践创新性的问题,本文旨在构建一个高效、互动、探究式的英语学习环境。研究结果显示,该教学模式能够显著提高学生的英语学习兴趣与综合能力,促进学生对学习规则的理解与遵守。
