Schrfdinger＇s equation is one the equations that mark the beginnings of the systematic quantum physics. It was shown that it follows from the Dirac＇s equation and the relationship with classical physics, i.e. with c...Schrfdinger＇s equation is one the equations that mark the beginnings of the systematic quantum physics. It was shown that it follows from the Dirac＇s equation and the relationship with classical physics, i.e. with classical field theory was established. The subject of this work is the relationship between classical relativistic physics and the quantum physics. Investigation carded out in this work, shows that the free electromagnetic field, spinor Dirac＇s field without mass, spinor Dirac＇s field with mass, and some other fields are described by the same vibrational formulation. The conditions that a field be described by Maxwell＇s equations of motion are given in this work, and some solutions of these conditions are also given. Non-relativistic approximation of the equations of the non-quantified field are the Schrōdinger＇s equations. Dirac＇s equation as a special case, contains Maxwell＇s equations and the Schrōdinger＇s equation.展开更多
Quantum Physics (QP) was invented in the early years of the Twentieth century by physicists born and educated in the western world. We examine the possibility that this is the main reason—or at least one of the main ...Quantum Physics (QP) was invented in the early years of the Twentieth century by physicists born and educated in the western world. We examine the possibility that this is the main reason—or at least one of the main reasons—which caused QP to go astray from the start. We present the ABC for a renovated Quantum Physics.展开更多
Using powerful concepts and tools borrowed from the seminal arsenal connecting physics fundamentals with esoteric set theoretical operations developed in recent years by Alexandria E-infinity theoretician M. S. El Nas...Using powerful concepts and tools borrowed from the seminal arsenal connecting physics fundamentals with esoteric set theoretical operations developed in recent years by Alexandria E-infinity theoretician M. S. El Naschie, this paper explores the deep implications of some of the dualities Dr El Naschie has identified and analyzed in his exposes, connecting them with our own Xonic Quantum Physics (XQP) which places dynamical action rather than spacetime and energy at the core of the System of the World.展开更多
General relativity links gravitation to the structure of our space-time. Nowadays physics knows four types of interactions: Gravitation, electromagnetism, weak interactions, strong interactions. The theory of everythi...General relativity links gravitation to the structure of our space-time. Nowadays physics knows four types of interactions: Gravitation, electromagnetism, weak interactions, strong interactions. The theory of everything (ToE) is the unification of these four domains. We study several necessary cornerstones for such a theory: geometry and mathematics, adapted manifolds on the real domain, Clifford algebras over tangent spaces of these manifolds, the real Lagrangian density in connection with the standard model of quantum physics. The geometry of the standard model of quantum physics uses three Clifford algebras. The algebra ?of the 3-dimensional physical space is sufficient to describe the wave of the electron. The algebra of space-time is sufficient to describe the wave of the pair electron-neutrino. A greater space-time with two additional dimensions of space generates the algebra . It is sufficient to get the wave equation for all fermions, electron, its neutrino and quarks u and d of the first generation, and the wave equations for the two other generations. Values of these waves allow defining, in each point of space-time, geometric transformations from one intrinsic manifold of space-time into the usual manifold. The Lagrangian density is the scalar part of the wave equation.展开更多
After a straightforward general relativistic calculation on a modified flat-spacetime metric (developed from the fluctuating vacuum energy interacting with a graviton field), a pair of n-valued covariant and contravar...After a straightforward general relativistic calculation on a modified flat-spacetime metric (developed from the fluctuating vacuum energy interacting with a graviton field), a pair of n-valued covariant and contravariant energy momentum tensors emerged analogous to quantized raising and lower operators. Detaching these operators from the general relativistic field equations, and then transporting them to act on extreme spacetimes, these operators were able to generate fundamental particle boson masses. In particular, the operators precisely generated Higgs mass. Then by applying a consistency approach to the gravitational field equations—similar to how Maxwell applied to the electromagnetic ones—it allowed for the coupling of spin-to-mass, further restricting the particle mass to be in precise agreement with CODATA experimental values. Since this is a massless field approach integrated discretely with a massive one, it overcomes various renormalizing difficulties;moreover it solves the mass hierarchal problem of the Standard Model of particle physics, and generates its spin and therefore shows quantum physics to be a subset of General Relativity, just as Einstein had first imagined.展开更多
For a two-dimensional complex vector space, the spin matrices can be calculated directly from the angular momentum commutator definition. The 3 Pauli matrices are retrieved and 23 other triplet solutions are found. In...For a two-dimensional complex vector space, the spin matrices can be calculated directly from the angular momentum commutator definition. The 3 Pauli matrices are retrieved and 23 other triplet solutions are found. In the three-dimensional space, we show that no matrix fulfills the spin equations and preserves the norm of the vectors. By using a Clifford geometric algebra it is possible in the four-dimensional spacetime (STA) to retrieve the 24 different spins 1/2. In this framework, spins 1/2 are rotations characterized by multivectors composed of 3 vectors and 3 bivectors. Spins 1 can be defined as rotations characterized by 4 vectors, 6 bivectors and 4 trivectors which result in unit multivectors which preserve the norm. Let us note that this simple derivation retrieves the main spin properties of particle physics.展开更多
We study a model of dark matter in which the hidden sector interacts with standard model particles via a hidden photonic portal.We investigate the effects of this new interaction on the hydrogen atom,including the Sta...We study a model of dark matter in which the hidden sector interacts with standard model particles via a hidden photonic portal.We investigate the effects of this new interaction on the hydrogen atom,including the Stark,Zeeman and hyperfine effects.Using the accuracy of the measurement of energy,we obtain an upper bound for the coupling constant of the model as f≤10^-12.We also calculate the contribution from the hidden photonic portal to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon as αμ≤ 2.2 × 10^-23（for the dark particle mass scale 100MeV）,which provides an important probe of physics beyond the standard model.展开更多
Entanglement plays a key role in quantum physics, but how much information it can extract from many-body systems is still an open question, particularly regarding quantum criticalities and emergent symmetries. In this...Entanglement plays a key role in quantum physics, but how much information it can extract from many-body systems is still an open question, particularly regarding quantum criticalities and emergent symmetries. In this work, we systematically study the entanglement entropy(EE) and derivative entanglement entropy(DEE) near quantum phase transitions in various quantum many-body systems. A one-parameter scaling relation between the DEE and system size at the critical point has been derived for the first time, which successfully obtains the critical exponent via data collapse. Furthermore, we find that the EE peaks at the(emergent) symmetryenhanced first-order transition, reflecting higher symmetry breaking. This work provides a new paradigm for quantum many-body research from the perspective of EE and DEE.展开更多
The Quantum of the void is dimensionless. It has Energy in the form of photons in quantum levels “n”. This Photon (Dark) Energy is used to create the Quantum of the physical Universe with different quantum numbers n...The Quantum of the void is dimensionless. It has Energy in the form of photons in quantum levels “n”. This Photon (Dark) Energy is used to create the Quantum of the physical Universe with different quantum numbers n<sup>*</sup> and the “n + 1” dimensions of the Matter and Antimatter Multiverses by creating space, time, mass, and charge. The quantum numbers n<sup>*</sup> of the physical Universe can range up to very large values compared to the quantum levels “n” of the void because they serve a different purpose which is to connect Quantum Mechanics to Classical Mechanics which does not exist within the void. Photons have a wave-particle dual nature in the Quantum of the physical Universe which is non-existent in the void. Photons exist in spin-up and spin-down states in the Quantum of the void. The four Fundamental Forces of nature exist only in the physical Universe. Energy that exists in the void is the creator of all physical things while the Entropy within the void annihilates the creation to send all the energy back into the different “n” levels of the void to reestablish the equilibrium of the system.展开更多
In this article we show that quantum physics is a straightforward and comprehensive consequence of the model of discrete space-time that we have put forward in [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0...In this article we show that quantum physics is a straightforward and comprehensive consequence of the model of discrete space-time that we have put forward in [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003300390036003800390032003800330035000000 . We first introduce the concept of coherent domains and give a proof of the various postulates and principles that form the basis of one-particle quantum systems. Then we consider how spin-statistic theorem and the formalism of second quantization, that are prerequisites for a description of many-particles systems, emerge from the model. Finally the same framework suggests the idea of rigid histories which allows an interpretation of quantum entanglement to be proposed.展开更多
his special issue is dedicated to security problems in wireless and quan-turn communications. Papers for this issue were invited, and after peer review, eight were selected for publication. The first part of this issu...his special issue is dedicated to security problems in wireless and quan-turn communications. Papers for this issue were invited, and after peer review, eight were selected for publication. The first part of this issue comprises four papers on recent advances in physical layer security forwireless networks. The second Part comprises another four papers on quantum com- munications.展开更多
The reversible transfer of unknown quantum states between light and matter is essential for constructing large-scale quantum networks. Over the last decade, various physical systems have been proposed to realize such ...The reversible transfer of unknown quantum states between light and matter is essential for constructing large-scale quantum networks. Over the last decade, various physical systems have been proposed to realize such quantum memory for light. The solid-state quantum memory based on rare-earth-ion-doped solids has the advantages of a reduced setup complexity and high robustness for scalable application. We describe the methods used to spectrally prepare the quantum memory and release the photonic excitation on-demand. We will review the state of the art experiments and discuss the perspective applications of this particular system in both quantum information science and fundamental tests of quantum physics.展开更多
Superconducting quantum bits （qubits） and circuits are the leading candidate for the implementation of solid-state quantum computation. They have also been widely used in a variety of studies of quantum physics, ato...Superconducting quantum bits （qubits） and circuits are the leading candidate for the implementation of solid-state quantum computation. They have also been widely used in a variety of studies of quantum physics, atomic physics, quantum optics, and quantum simulation. In this article, we will present an overview of the basic principles of the superconducting qubits, including the phase, flux, charge, and transmon （Xmon） qubits, and the progress achieved so far concerning the improvements of the device design and quantum coherence property. Experimental studies in various research fields using the superconducting qubits and circuits will be briefly reviewed.展开更多
The paper introduces a simple theoretical model aimed to provide a possible derivation of the quantum fluctuations of the black body radiation. The model offers the chance of inferring and linking contextually quantum...The paper introduces a simple theoretical model aimed to provide a possible derivation of the quantum fluctuations of the black body radiation. The model offers the chance of inferring and linking contextually quantum and relativistic results.展开更多
The paper suggests that quantum relativistic gravity (QRG) is basically a higher dimensionality (HD) simulating relativity and non-classical effects plus a fractal Cantorian spacetime geometry (FG) simulating quantum ...The paper suggests that quantum relativistic gravity (QRG) is basically a higher dimensionality (HD) simulating relativity and non-classical effects plus a fractal Cantorian spacetime geometry (FG) simulating quantum mechanics. This more than just a conceptual equation is illustrated by integer approximation and an exact solution of the dark energy density behind cosmic expansion.展开更多
Dispersion dynamics applies wave-particle duality, together with Maxwell’s electromagnetism, and with quantization E = hν = ħω (symbol definitions in footnote) and p = h/λ = ħk, to special relativity E<sup>2...Dispersion dynamics applies wave-particle duality, together with Maxwell’s electromagnetism, and with quantization E = hν = ħω (symbol definitions in footnote) and p = h/λ = ħk, to special relativity E<sup>2</sup> = p<sup>2</sup>c<sup>2</sup> + m<sup>2</sup>c<sup>4</sup>. Calculations on a wave-packet, that is symmetric about the normal distribution, are partly conservative and partly responsive. The complex electron wave function is chiefly modelled on the real wave function of an electromagnetic photon;while the former concept of a “point particle” is downgraded to mathematical abstraction. The computations yield conclusions for phase and group velocities, v<sub>p</sub>⋅v<sub>g</sub> = c<sup>2</sup> with v<sub>p</sub> ≥ c because v<sub>g</sub> ≤ c, as in relativity. The condition on the phase velocity is most noticeable when p≪mc. Further consequences in dispersion dynamics are: derivations for ν and λ that are consistently established by one hundred years of experience in electron microscopy and particle accelerators. Values for v<sub>p</sub> = νλ = ω/k are therefore systematically verified by the products of known multiplicands or divisions by known divisors, even if v<sub>p</sub> is not independently measured. These consequences are significant in reduction of the wave-packet by resonant response during interactions between photons and electrons, for example, or between particles and particles. Thus the logic of mathematical quantum mechanics is distinguished from experiential physics that is continuous in time, and consistent with uncertainty principles. [Footnote: symbol E = energy;h = Planck’s constant;ν = frequency;ω = angular momentum;p = momentum;λ = wavelength;k = wave vector;c = speed of light;m = particle rest mass;v<sub>p</sub> = phase velocity;v<sub>g</sub> = group velocity].展开更多
From a combination of Maxwell’s electromagnetism with Planck’s law and the de Broglie hypothesis, we arrive at quantized photonic wave groups whose constant phase velocity is equal to the speed of light c = ω/k and...From a combination of Maxwell’s electromagnetism with Planck’s law and the de Broglie hypothesis, we arrive at quantized photonic wave groups whose constant phase velocity is equal to the speed of light c = ω/k and to their group velocity dω/dk. When we include special relativity expressed in simplest units, we find that, for particulate matter, the square of rest mass , i.e., angular frequency squared minus wave vector squared. This equation separates into a conservative part and a uniform responsive part. A wave function is derived in manifold rank 4, and from it are derived uncertainties and internal motion. The function solves four anomalies in quantum physics: the point particle with prescribed uncertainties;spooky action at a distance;time dependence that is consistent with the uncertainties;and resonant reduction of the wave packet by localization during measurement. A comparison between contradictory mathematical and physical theories leads to similar empirical conclusions because probability amplitudes express hidden variables. The comparison supplies orthodox postulates that are compared to physical principles that formalize the difference. The method is verified by dual harmonics found in quantized quasi-Bloch waves, where the quantum is physical;not axiomatic.展开更多
Both consciousness and quantum phenomenon are subjective and indeterministic. In this paper, we propose consciousness is a quantum phenomenon. A quantum theory of consciousness (QTOC) is presented based on a new inter...Both consciousness and quantum phenomenon are subjective and indeterministic. In this paper, we propose consciousness is a quantum phenomenon. A quantum theory of consciousness (QTOC) is presented based on a new interpretation of quantum physics. We show that this QTOC can address the mind and body problem, the hard problem of consciousness. It also provides a physics foundation and mathematical formulation to study consciousness and neural network. We demonstrate how to apply it to develop and extend various models of consciousness. We show the predictions from this theory about the existence of a universal quantum vibrational field and the large-scale, nearly instantaneous synchrony of brainwaves among different parts of brain, body, people, and objects. The correlation between Schumann Resonances and some brainwaves is explained. Recent progress in quantum information theory, especially regarding quantum entanglement and quantum error correction code, is applied to study memory and shed new light in neuroscience.展开更多
文摘Schrfdinger＇s equation is one the equations that mark the beginnings of the systematic quantum physics. It was shown that it follows from the Dirac＇s equation and the relationship with classical physics, i.e. with classical field theory was established. The subject of this work is the relationship between classical relativistic physics and the quantum physics. Investigation carded out in this work, shows that the free electromagnetic field, spinor Dirac＇s field without mass, spinor Dirac＇s field with mass, and some other fields are described by the same vibrational formulation. The conditions that a field be described by Maxwell＇s equations of motion are given in this work, and some solutions of these conditions are also given. Non-relativistic approximation of the equations of the non-quantified field are the Schrōdinger＇s equations. Dirac＇s equation as a special case, contains Maxwell＇s equations and the Schrōdinger＇s equation.
文摘Quantum Physics (QP) was invented in the early years of the Twentieth century by physicists born and educated in the western world. We examine the possibility that this is the main reason—or at least one of the main reasons—which caused QP to go astray from the start. We present the ABC for a renovated Quantum Physics.
文摘Using powerful concepts and tools borrowed from the seminal arsenal connecting physics fundamentals with esoteric set theoretical operations developed in recent years by Alexandria E-infinity theoretician M. S. El Naschie, this paper explores the deep implications of some of the dualities Dr El Naschie has identified and analyzed in his exposes, connecting them with our own Xonic Quantum Physics (XQP) which places dynamical action rather than spacetime and energy at the core of the System of the World.
文摘General relativity links gravitation to the structure of our space-time. Nowadays physics knows four types of interactions: Gravitation, electromagnetism, weak interactions, strong interactions. The theory of everything (ToE) is the unification of these four domains. We study several necessary cornerstones for such a theory: geometry and mathematics, adapted manifolds on the real domain, Clifford algebras over tangent spaces of these manifolds, the real Lagrangian density in connection with the standard model of quantum physics. The geometry of the standard model of quantum physics uses three Clifford algebras. The algebra ?of the 3-dimensional physical space is sufficient to describe the wave of the electron. The algebra of space-time is sufficient to describe the wave of the pair electron-neutrino. A greater space-time with two additional dimensions of space generates the algebra . It is sufficient to get the wave equation for all fermions, electron, its neutrino and quarks u and d of the first generation, and the wave equations for the two other generations. Values of these waves allow defining, in each point of space-time, geometric transformations from one intrinsic manifold of space-time into the usual manifold. The Lagrangian density is the scalar part of the wave equation.
文摘After a straightforward general relativistic calculation on a modified flat-spacetime metric (developed from the fluctuating vacuum energy interacting with a graviton field), a pair of n-valued covariant and contravariant energy momentum tensors emerged analogous to quantized raising and lower operators. Detaching these operators from the general relativistic field equations, and then transporting them to act on extreme spacetimes, these operators were able to generate fundamental particle boson masses. In particular, the operators precisely generated Higgs mass. Then by applying a consistency approach to the gravitational field equations—similar to how Maxwell applied to the electromagnetic ones—it allowed for the coupling of spin-to-mass, further restricting the particle mass to be in precise agreement with CODATA experimental values. Since this is a massless field approach integrated discretely with a massive one, it overcomes various renormalizing difficulties;moreover it solves the mass hierarchal problem of the Standard Model of particle physics, and generates its spin and therefore shows quantum physics to be a subset of General Relativity, just as Einstein had first imagined.
文摘For a two-dimensional complex vector space, the spin matrices can be calculated directly from the angular momentum commutator definition. The 3 Pauli matrices are retrieved and 23 other triplet solutions are found. In the three-dimensional space, we show that no matrix fulfills the spin equations and preserves the norm of the vectors. By using a Clifford geometric algebra it is possible in the four-dimensional spacetime (STA) to retrieve the 24 different spins 1/2. In this framework, spins 1/2 are rotations characterized by multivectors composed of 3 vectors and 3 bivectors. Spins 1 can be defined as rotations characterized by 4 vectors, 6 bivectors and 4 trivectors which result in unit multivectors which preserve the norm. Let us note that this simple derivation retrieves the main spin properties of particle physics.
文摘We study a model of dark matter in which the hidden sector interacts with standard model particles via a hidden photonic portal.We investigate the effects of this new interaction on the hydrogen atom,including the Stark,Zeeman and hyperfine effects.Using the accuracy of the measurement of energy,we obtain an upper bound for the coupling constant of the model as f≤10^-12.We also calculate the contribution from the hidden photonic portal to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon as αμ≤ 2.2 × 10^-23（for the dark particle mass scale 100MeV）,which provides an important probe of physics beyond the standard model.
基金supported by the the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12175015 for W.G.and 12174387 for L.Z.)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos.YSBR-057 and JZHKYPT-2021-08 for L.Z.)+1 种基金the Innovative Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No.2021ZD0302600 for L.Z.)the start-up funding of Westlake University and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2024M752898 for Z.W.and Z.Y.)。
文摘Entanglement plays a key role in quantum physics, but how much information it can extract from many-body systems is still an open question, particularly regarding quantum criticalities and emergent symmetries. In this work, we systematically study the entanglement entropy(EE) and derivative entanglement entropy(DEE) near quantum phase transitions in various quantum many-body systems. A one-parameter scaling relation between the DEE and system size at the critical point has been derived for the first time, which successfully obtains the critical exponent via data collapse. Furthermore, we find that the EE peaks at the(emergent) symmetryenhanced first-order transition, reflecting higher symmetry breaking. This work provides a new paradigm for quantum many-body research from the perspective of EE and DEE.
文摘The Quantum of the void is dimensionless. It has Energy in the form of photons in quantum levels “n”. This Photon (Dark) Energy is used to create the Quantum of the physical Universe with different quantum numbers n<sup>*</sup> and the “n + 1” dimensions of the Matter and Antimatter Multiverses by creating space, time, mass, and charge. The quantum numbers n<sup>*</sup> of the physical Universe can range up to very large values compared to the quantum levels “n” of the void because they serve a different purpose which is to connect Quantum Mechanics to Classical Mechanics which does not exist within the void. Photons have a wave-particle dual nature in the Quantum of the physical Universe which is non-existent in the void. Photons exist in spin-up and spin-down states in the Quantum of the void. The four Fundamental Forces of nature exist only in the physical Universe. Energy that exists in the void is the creator of all physical things while the Entropy within the void annihilates the creation to send all the energy back into the different “n” levels of the void to reestablish the equilibrium of the system.
文摘In this article we show that quantum physics is a straightforward and comprehensive consequence of the model of discrete space-time that we have put forward in [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003300390036003800390032003800330035000000 . We first introduce the concept of coherent domains and give a proof of the various postulates and principles that form the basis of one-particle quantum systems. Then we consider how spin-statistic theorem and the formalism of second quantization, that are prerequisites for a description of many-particles systems, emerge from the model. Finally the same framework suggests the idea of rigid histories which allows an interpretation of quantum entanglement to be proposed.
文摘his special issue is dedicated to security problems in wireless and quan-turn communications. Papers for this issue were invited, and after peer review, eight were selected for publication. The first part of this issue comprises four papers on recent advances in physical layer security forwireless networks. The second Part comprises another four papers on quantum com- munications.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0304100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61327901,11774331,11774335,11504362,11325419,and 11654002)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDY-SSW-SLH003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.WK2470000023 and WK2470000026)
文摘The reversible transfer of unknown quantum states between light and matter is essential for constructing large-scale quantum networks. Over the last decade, various physical systems have been proposed to realize such quantum memory for light. The solid-state quantum memory based on rare-earth-ion-doped solids has the advantages of a reduced setup complexity and high robustness for scalable application. We describe the methods used to spectrally prepare the quantum memory and release the photonic excitation on-demand. We will review the state of the art experiments and discuss the perspective applications of this particular system in both quantum information science and fundamental tests of quantum physics.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91321208 and 11674380)the National Key Basic Research Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant Nos.2014CB921202,2015CB921104,and 2016YFA0300601)
文摘Superconducting quantum bits （qubits） and circuits are the leading candidate for the implementation of solid-state quantum computation. They have also been widely used in a variety of studies of quantum physics, atomic physics, quantum optics, and quantum simulation. In this article, we will present an overview of the basic principles of the superconducting qubits, including the phase, flux, charge, and transmon （Xmon） qubits, and the progress achieved so far concerning the improvements of the device design and quantum coherence property. Experimental studies in various research fields using the superconducting qubits and circuits will be briefly reviewed.
文摘The paper introduces a simple theoretical model aimed to provide a possible derivation of the quantum fluctuations of the black body radiation. The model offers the chance of inferring and linking contextually quantum and relativistic results.
文摘The paper suggests that quantum relativistic gravity (QRG) is basically a higher dimensionality (HD) simulating relativity and non-classical effects plus a fractal Cantorian spacetime geometry (FG) simulating quantum mechanics. This more than just a conceptual equation is illustrated by integer approximation and an exact solution of the dark energy density behind cosmic expansion.
文摘Dispersion dynamics applies wave-particle duality, together with Maxwell’s electromagnetism, and with quantization E = hν = ħω (symbol definitions in footnote) and p = h/λ = ħk, to special relativity E<sup>2</sup> = p<sup>2</sup>c<sup>2</sup> + m<sup>2</sup>c<sup>4</sup>. Calculations on a wave-packet, that is symmetric about the normal distribution, are partly conservative and partly responsive. The complex electron wave function is chiefly modelled on the real wave function of an electromagnetic photon;while the former concept of a “point particle” is downgraded to mathematical abstraction. The computations yield conclusions for phase and group velocities, v<sub>p</sub>⋅v<sub>g</sub> = c<sup>2</sup> with v<sub>p</sub> ≥ c because v<sub>g</sub> ≤ c, as in relativity. The condition on the phase velocity is most noticeable when p≪mc. Further consequences in dispersion dynamics are: derivations for ν and λ that are consistently established by one hundred years of experience in electron microscopy and particle accelerators. Values for v<sub>p</sub> = νλ = ω/k are therefore systematically verified by the products of known multiplicands or divisions by known divisors, even if v<sub>p</sub> is not independently measured. These consequences are significant in reduction of the wave-packet by resonant response during interactions between photons and electrons, for example, or between particles and particles. Thus the logic of mathematical quantum mechanics is distinguished from experiential physics that is continuous in time, and consistent with uncertainty principles. [Footnote: symbol E = energy;h = Planck’s constant;ν = frequency;ω = angular momentum;p = momentum;λ = wavelength;k = wave vector;c = speed of light;m = particle rest mass;v<sub>p</sub> = phase velocity;v<sub>g</sub> = group velocity].
文摘From a combination of Maxwell’s electromagnetism with Planck’s law and the de Broglie hypothesis, we arrive at quantized photonic wave groups whose constant phase velocity is equal to the speed of light c = ω/k and to their group velocity dω/dk. When we include special relativity expressed in simplest units, we find that, for particulate matter, the square of rest mass , i.e., angular frequency squared minus wave vector squared. This equation separates into a conservative part and a uniform responsive part. A wave function is derived in manifold rank 4, and from it are derived uncertainties and internal motion. The function solves four anomalies in quantum physics: the point particle with prescribed uncertainties;spooky action at a distance;time dependence that is consistent with the uncertainties;and resonant reduction of the wave packet by localization during measurement. A comparison between contradictory mathematical and physical theories leads to similar empirical conclusions because probability amplitudes express hidden variables. The comparison supplies orthodox postulates that are compared to physical principles that formalize the difference. The method is verified by dual harmonics found in quantized quasi-Bloch waves, where the quantum is physical;not axiomatic.
文摘Both consciousness and quantum phenomenon are subjective and indeterministic. In this paper, we propose consciousness is a quantum phenomenon. A quantum theory of consciousness (QTOC) is presented based on a new interpretation of quantum physics. We show that this QTOC can address the mind and body problem, the hard problem of consciousness. It also provides a physics foundation and mathematical formulation to study consciousness and neural network. We demonstrate how to apply it to develop and extend various models of consciousness. We show the predictions from this theory about the existence of a universal quantum vibrational field and the large-scale, nearly instantaneous synchrony of brainwaves among different parts of brain, body, people, and objects. The correlation between Schumann Resonances and some brainwaves is explained. Recent progress in quantum information theory, especially regarding quantum entanglement and quantum error correction code, is applied to study memory and shed new light in neuroscience.
