Gravitation is one of the basic phenomena of the world. Tremendous number of theoretical works on origin, nature, essentials, consequences, etc. of the gravitation and related phenomena were published so far. The most...Gravitation is one of the basic phenomena of the world. Tremendous number of theoretical works on origin, nature, essentials, consequences, etc. of the gravitation and related phenomena were published so far. The most prominent ones are based on the Albert Einstein＇s general theory of relativity. The author of this communication based his approach to the gravitation on Isaac Newton＇s law of the universal gravitation and related quantities, i.e. gravitational forces of matter objects, distance and motion. Namely on the fact, that the gravitation force is - as well as the inertia, mass, space ＂occupied＂ and other properties are - principal features/attributes/properties of matter objects. Gravitation is an additive property of matter objects. Taking into account other positivistic quantities like mass of the Earth, standard acceleration of gravity, and the value of the atomic unit of mass, the author defined a gravitational force of atomic unit （or ＂the Gravitational Force Quantum＂） as a gravitational force which exerts one atomic unit of Earth＇s mass on 1 kilogram of a mass on Earth＇s surface, and he calculated its value： GFO = 1.4958 × 10^-54 N. This quantity can be useful for further development of the ＂quantum mechanical＂ approach to the description and general notion about the world.展开更多
Mathematically we address, why gravity is a weak force of nature by proposing a force balance equation between classical force (gravity) and quantum force (strong interaction) while presuming that there is a natural b...Mathematically we address, why gravity is a weak force of nature by proposing a force balance equation between classical force (gravity) and quantum force (strong interaction) while presuming that there is a natural balance between these forces. We reported, each side of the balance has two expressions of force where quantum force part consists of two types of quantum force with similar strength but classical force part has a constant force term and gravitational force where this constant force term has large numerical value thus higher weightage in the balance, however, gravity becomes weak itself to strike the balance.展开更多
The Hermitian surface momentum operator for a particle confined to a 2D curved surface spanned by orthogonal coordinates and embedded in 3D space is expressed as a symmetric expression in derivatives with respect to t...The Hermitian surface momentum operator for a particle confined to a 2D curved surface spanned by orthogonal coordinates and embedded in 3D space is expressed as a symmetric expression in derivatives with respect to the surface coordinates and so is manifestly along the surface. This is an alternative form to the one reported in the literature and usually named geometric momentum, which has a term proportional to the mean curvature along the direction normal to the surface, and so"apparently"not along the surface. The symmetric form of the momentum is the sum of two symmetric Hermitian operators along the two orthogonal directions defined by the surface coordinates.The centripetal force operator for a particle on the surface of a cylinder and a sphere is calculated by taking the time derivative of the momentum and is seen to be a symmetrization of the well-known classical expressions.展开更多
Cavity magnomechanics,exhibiting remarkable experimental tunability,rich magnonic nonlinearities,and compatibility with various quantum systems,has witnessed considerable advances in recent years.However,the potential...Cavity magnomechanics,exhibiting remarkable experimental tunability,rich magnonic nonlinearities,and compatibility with various quantum systems,has witnessed considerable advances in recent years.However,the potential benefits of using cavity magnomechanical(CMM)systems in further improving the performance of quantum-enhanced sensing for weak forces remain largely unexplored.Here we show that,by squeezing the magnons,the performance of a quantum CMM sensor can be significantly enhanced beyond the standard quantum limit(SQL).We find that,for comparable parameters,two orders of magnitude enhancement in the force sensitivity can be achieved in comparison with the case without magnon squeezing.Moreover,we obtain the optimal parameter regimes of homodyne angle for minimizing the added quantum noise.Our findings provide a promising approach for highly tunable and compatible quantum force sensing using hybrid CMM devices,with potential applications ranging from quantum precision measurements to quantum information processing.展开更多
The excitation process of electrons from the ground state to the first excited state via the resonant laser pulse is investigated by the Bohmian mechanics method. It is found that the Bohmian particles far away from t...The excitation process of electrons from the ground state to the first excited state via the resonant laser pulse is investigated by the Bohmian mechanics method. It is found that the Bohmian particles far away from the nucleus are easier to be excited and are excited firstly, while the Bohmian particles in the ground state is subject to a strong quantum force at a certain moment, being excited, to the first excited state instantaneously. A detailed analysis for one of the trajectories is made, and finally we present the space and energy distribution of 2000 Bohmian particles at several typical instants and analyze their dynamical process at these moments.展开更多
The ionization dynamics of two-electron atom in an intense laser field is studied by the Bohmian mechanics(BM)theory, and the xenon atomic potential function is used as a model. The single ionization process and doubl...The ionization dynamics of two-electron atom in an intense laser field is studied by the Bohmian mechanics(BM)theory, and the xenon atomic potential function is used as a model. The single ionization process and double ionization process are calculated by the BM theory and their results are in good agreement with those calculated by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. The analyses of the types, trajectories, and forces of Bohmian particles(BPs)undergoing the single and double ionizations indicate that the re-collision process accounts for a considerable proportion in the singly ionized cases. Furthermore, the analysis of the work done by the external force acting on the BPs shows that the quantum force plays an important role in the re-collision process. This work is helpful in understanding the ionization of two-electron atom in an intense laser field.展开更多
Resonance enhanced two-photon ionization process of hydrogen atom via the resonant laser pulse is studied by Bohmian mechanics (BM) method. By analyzing the trajectories and energies of Bohmian particles (BPs), we fin...Resonance enhanced two-photon ionization process of hydrogen atom via the resonant laser pulse is studied by Bohmian mechanics (BM) method. By analyzing the trajectories and energies of Bohmian particles (BPs), we find that under the action of high frequency and low intensity multi-circle resonant laser pulses, the ionized BPs first absorb one photon completing the excitation, and then absorb another photon, completing the ionization after staying in the first excited state for a period of time. The analysis of work done by the forces shows that the electric field force and quantum force play a major role in the whole ionization process. At the excitation moment and in the excitation-ionization process, the effect of the quantum force is greater than that of the electric field force. Finally, we discuss the principle of work and energy for BPs, and find that the electric field force and quantum force are non-conservative forces whose work is equal to the increment of mechanical energy of the system. In addition, it is proved that the quantum potential energy actually comes from the kinetic energy of the system and the increment of kinetic energy is equal to that of the kinetic energy of the system.展开更多
In the article ＂The Gravitational Force Quantum and its Value＂ [1 ], the author defined a gravitational force of the atomic unit （＂the Gravitational Force Quantum＂） as a gravitational force which exerts one atom...In the article ＂The Gravitational Force Quantum and its Value＂ [1 ], the author defined a gravitational force of the atomic unit （＂the Gravitational Force Quantum＂） as a gravitational force which exerts one atomic unit of the Earth＇s mass on l kilogram of a mass on the Earth＇s surface, and he calculated its value as： GFQEarth = 1.4958 × 10.54 N. In the present contribution, he extended the Gravitational Force Quantum concept to further Objects of the Solar Planetary System and for the Pluto. He calculated values of the GFQo on the analogous basis, i.e. of the mass and the standard acceleration of the gravity of individual objects and of the atomic unit of the mass. He received GFQo values for the Mercury 102.1427 × 1055N, the Venus 16,60012 × 10-55N, the Earth 14.97839 × l0-55 N, the Mars 52.91869 × 10-55N, the Jupiter 0.124391×1055 N, the Saturn 0.17929 ×1055N, the Uranus 0.945178 ×1055N, the Neptune 1.002845 × 10-55N, for the Pluto 458.9124 × 10-55N, and for the Sun 0.001257 × 10-55N, respectively. He multiplied the GFQo values by second power of the radii of the individual objects （O）, receiving values denoted as the ＂Elementary Gravitational Charge＂ （Go）. The Elementary Gravitational Charge represents a gravitational force of one atomic unit of mass in the （radius） distance of 1 meter. They were found of the same value： GMe= Gv = GE= GMa= Gj= Gs = Gp= GSun= 6.079675463 × 10-41N. The values were the same as the calculated one on the basis of the ＂classical＂ Newton＇s formula： FG = И × M × m / R2, for the gravitational force between the atomic unit mass and a mass of 1 kg at a distance of 1 meter, which value was calculated as G = 6.079675463 ×1041 N. The quantity of the Elementary Gravitational Charge can be supposed to be analogous to the Elementary （Electric） Charge （e =1.6021766208（98） × 10-19 C） quantity.展开更多
文摘Gravitation is one of the basic phenomena of the world. Tremendous number of theoretical works on origin, nature, essentials, consequences, etc. of the gravitation and related phenomena were published so far. The most prominent ones are based on the Albert Einstein＇s general theory of relativity. The author of this communication based his approach to the gravitation on Isaac Newton＇s law of the universal gravitation and related quantities, i.e. gravitational forces of matter objects, distance and motion. Namely on the fact, that the gravitation force is - as well as the inertia, mass, space ＂occupied＂ and other properties are - principal features/attributes/properties of matter objects. Gravitation is an additive property of matter objects. Taking into account other positivistic quantities like mass of the Earth, standard acceleration of gravity, and the value of the atomic unit of mass, the author defined a gravitational force of atomic unit （or ＂the Gravitational Force Quantum＂） as a gravitational force which exerts one atomic unit of Earth＇s mass on 1 kilogram of a mass on Earth＇s surface, and he calculated its value： GFO = 1.4958 × 10^-54 N. This quantity can be useful for further development of the ＂quantum mechanical＂ approach to the description and general notion about the world.
文摘Mathematically we address, why gravity is a weak force of nature by proposing a force balance equation between classical force (gravity) and quantum force (strong interaction) while presuming that there is a natural balance between these forces. We reported, each side of the balance has two expressions of force where quantum force part consists of two types of quantum force with similar strength but classical force part has a constant force term and gravitational force where this constant force term has large numerical value thus higher weightage in the balance, however, gravity becomes weak itself to strike the balance.
文摘The Hermitian surface momentum operator for a particle confined to a 2D curved surface spanned by orthogonal coordinates and embedded in 3D space is expressed as a symmetric expression in derivatives with respect to the surface coordinates and so is manifestly along the surface. This is an alternative form to the one reported in the literature and usually named geometric momentum, which has a term proportional to the mean curvature along the direction normal to the surface, and so"apparently"not along the surface. The symmetric form of the momentum is the sum of two symmetric Hermitian operators along the two orthogonal directions defined by the surface coordinates.The centripetal force operator for a particle on the surface of a cylinder and a sphere is calculated by taking the time derivative of the momentum and is seen to be a symmetrization of the well-known classical expressions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11935006)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12205054)+7 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2020RC4047)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFE0102400)Hunan Provincial Major Scitech Program(Grant No.2023ZJ1010)Ph.D.Research Foundation(BSJJ202122)supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research in Japan(No.P22018)Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation(NTT)Research,the Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST)(via the Quantum Leap Flagship Program(Q-LEAP),and the Moonshot R&D(Grant No.JPMJMS2061))the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development(AOARD)(Grant No.FA2386-20-1-4069)the Office of Naval Research(ONR)Global(Grant No.N62909-23-1-2074)。
文摘Cavity magnomechanics,exhibiting remarkable experimental tunability,rich magnonic nonlinearities,and compatibility with various quantum systems,has witnessed considerable advances in recent years.However,the potential benefits of using cavity magnomechanical(CMM)systems in further improving the performance of quantum-enhanced sensing for weak forces remain largely unexplored.Here we show that,by squeezing the magnons,the performance of a quantum CMM sensor can be significantly enhanced beyond the standard quantum limit(SQL).We find that,for comparable parameters,two orders of magnitude enhancement in the force sensitivity can be achieved in comparison with the case without magnon squeezing.Moreover,we obtain the optimal parameter regimes of homodyne angle for minimizing the added quantum noise.Our findings provide a promising approach for highly tunable and compatible quantum force sensing using hybrid CMM devices,with potential applications ranging from quantum precision measurements to quantum information processing.
基金Project supported by the Doctoral Research Start-up Funding of Northeast Dianli University,China(Grant No.BSJXM-201332)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11547114,11534004,11474129,11274141,11447192,and 11304116)the Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University,China(Grant No.2015091)
文摘The excitation process of electrons from the ground state to the first excited state via the resonant laser pulse is investigated by the Bohmian mechanics method. It is found that the Bohmian particles far away from the nucleus are easier to be excited and are excited firstly, while the Bohmian particles in the ground state is subject to a strong quantum force at a certain moment, being excited, to the first excited state instantaneously. A detailed analysis for one of the trajectories is made, and finally we present the space and energy distribution of 2000 Bohmian particles at several typical instants and analyze their dynamical process at these moments.
基金Project supported by the Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan Program for Excellent Youth Talents,China(Grant No.20180520174JH)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11704145,11904050,11774129,11747007,11534004,and 12074145).
文摘The ionization dynamics of two-electron atom in an intense laser field is studied by the Bohmian mechanics(BM)theory, and the xenon atomic potential function is used as a model. The single ionization process and double ionization process are calculated by the BM theory and their results are in good agreement with those calculated by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. The analyses of the types, trajectories, and forces of Bohmian particles(BPs)undergoing the single and double ionizations indicate that the re-collision process accounts for a considerable proportion in the singly ionized cases. Furthermore, the analysis of the work done by the external force acting on the BPs shows that the quantum force plays an important role in the re-collision process. This work is helpful in understanding the ionization of two-electron atom in an intense laser field.
基金Project supported by Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project-Excellent Youth Talents Fund Project,China(Grant No.20180520174JH)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.1170414511904050,11774129,11747007,and 11534004).
文摘Resonance enhanced two-photon ionization process of hydrogen atom via the resonant laser pulse is studied by Bohmian mechanics (BM) method. By analyzing the trajectories and energies of Bohmian particles (BPs), we find that under the action of high frequency and low intensity multi-circle resonant laser pulses, the ionized BPs first absorb one photon completing the excitation, and then absorb another photon, completing the ionization after staying in the first excited state for a period of time. The analysis of work done by the forces shows that the electric field force and quantum force play a major role in the whole ionization process. At the excitation moment and in the excitation-ionization process, the effect of the quantum force is greater than that of the electric field force. Finally, we discuss the principle of work and energy for BPs, and find that the electric field force and quantum force are non-conservative forces whose work is equal to the increment of mechanical energy of the system. In addition, it is proved that the quantum potential energy actually comes from the kinetic energy of the system and the increment of kinetic energy is equal to that of the kinetic energy of the system.
文摘In the article ＂The Gravitational Force Quantum and its Value＂ [1 ], the author defined a gravitational force of the atomic unit （＂the Gravitational Force Quantum＂） as a gravitational force which exerts one atomic unit of the Earth＇s mass on l kilogram of a mass on the Earth＇s surface, and he calculated its value as： GFQEarth = 1.4958 × 10.54 N. In the present contribution, he extended the Gravitational Force Quantum concept to further Objects of the Solar Planetary System and for the Pluto. He calculated values of the GFQo on the analogous basis, i.e. of the mass and the standard acceleration of the gravity of individual objects and of the atomic unit of the mass. He received GFQo values for the Mercury 102.1427 × 1055N, the Venus 16,60012 × 10-55N, the Earth 14.97839 × l0-55 N, the Mars 52.91869 × 10-55N, the Jupiter 0.124391×1055 N, the Saturn 0.17929 ×1055N, the Uranus 0.945178 ×1055N, the Neptune 1.002845 × 10-55N, for the Pluto 458.9124 × 10-55N, and for the Sun 0.001257 × 10-55N, respectively. He multiplied the GFQo values by second power of the radii of the individual objects （O）, receiving values denoted as the ＂Elementary Gravitational Charge＂ （Go）. The Elementary Gravitational Charge represents a gravitational force of one atomic unit of mass in the （radius） distance of 1 meter. They were found of the same value： GMe= Gv = GE= GMa= Gj= Gs = Gp= GSun= 6.079675463 × 10-41N. The values were the same as the calculated one on the basis of the ＂classical＂ Newton＇s formula： FG = И × M × m / R2, for the gravitational force between the atomic unit mass and a mass of 1 kg at a distance of 1 meter, which value was calculated as G = 6.079675463 ×1041 N. The quantity of the Elementary Gravitational Charge can be supposed to be analogous to the Elementary （Electric） Charge （e =1.6021766208（98） × 10-19 C） quantity.
