A compact drain current including the variation of barrier heights and carrier quantization in ultrathin-body and double-gate Schottky barrier MOSFETs （UTBDG SBFETs） is developed. In this model, Schrodinger＇s equat...A compact drain current including the variation of barrier heights and carrier quantization in ultrathin-body and double-gate Schottky barrier MOSFETs （UTBDG SBFETs） is developed. In this model, Schrodinger＇s equation is solved using the triangular potential well approximation. The carrier density thus obtained is included in the space charge density to obtain quantum carrier confinement effects in the modeling of thin-body devices. Due to the quantum effects, the first subband is higher than the conduction band edge, which is equivalent to the band gap widening. Thus, the barrier heights at the source and drain increase and the carrier concentration decreases as the drain current decreases. The drawback of the existing models,which cannot present an accurate prediction of the drain current because they mainly consider the effects of Schottky barrier lowering （SBL） due to image forces,is eliminated. Our research results suggest that for small nonnegative Schottky barrier （SB） heights,even for zero barrier height, the tunneling current also plays a role in the total on-state currents. Verification of the present model was carried out by the device numerical simulator-Silvaco and showed good agreement.展开更多
The structure difference between light and heavy liquid water has been systematically in- vestigated by high precision Raman spectroscopy over the temperature range of 5-85℃. Distinct difference between the Raman spe...The structure difference between light and heavy liquid water has been systematically in- vestigated by high precision Raman spectroscopy over the temperature range of 5-85℃. Distinct difference between the Raman spectral profiles of two different liquid waters is clearly observed. By analyzing the temperature-dependent Raman spectral contour using global fitting procedure, it is found that the micro-structure of heavy water is more ordered than that of light water at the same temperature, and the structure difference between the light and heavy water decreases with the increase of the temperature. The temperature off- set, an indicator for the structure difference, is determined to vary from 28 ℃ to 18 ℃ for the low-to-high temperature. It indicates that quantum effect is significantly not only at low temperature, but also at room temperature. The interaction energy among water molecules has also been estimated from van＇t Hoff＇s relationship. The detailed structural information should help to develop reliable force fields for molecular modeling of liquid water.展开更多
The research work on the quantum effects in mesoscopic circuits has undergone a rapid development recently, however the whole quantum theory of the mesoscopic circuits should consider the discreteness of the electric ...The research work on the quantum effects in mesoscopic circuits has undergone a rapid development recently, however the whole quantum theory of the mesoscopic circuits should consider the discreteness of the electric charge. In this paper, based on the fundamental fact that the electric charge takes discrete values, the finite-difference Schrodinger equation of the mesoscopic RLC circuit with a source is achieved. With a unitary transformation, the Schrodinger equation becomes the standard Mathieu equation, then the energy spectrum and the wave functions of the system are obtained. Using the WKBJ method, the average of durrents and square of the current are calculated. The results show the existence of the current fluctuation, which causes noise in the circuits. This paper is an application of the whole quantum mesoscopic circuits theory to the fundamental circuits, and the results will shed light on the design of the miniation circuits, especially on the purpose of reducing quantum noise coherent controlling of the mesoscopic quantum states.展开更多
Using the quantum theory for a mesoscopic circuit based on the discretenes of electric charges, the finitedifference Schrodinger equation of the non-dlssipative mesoscopic inductance and capacity coupling circuit is a...Using the quantum theory for a mesoscopic circuit based on the discretenes of electric charges, the finitedifference Schrodinger equation of the non-dlssipative mesoscopic inductance and capacity coupling circuit is achieved. The Coulomb blockade effect, which is caused by the discreteness of electric charges, is studied. Appropriately choose the components in the circuits, the finlte-dlfference Schrodinger equation can be divided into two Mathieu equations in representation.＂ With the WKBJ method, the currents quantum fluctuations in the ground states of the two circuits are calculated. The results show that the currents quantum zero-point fluctuations of the two circuits are exist and correlated.展开更多
The open electron resonator is a mesoscopic device that has attracted considerable attention due to its remarkable behavior： conductance oscillations. In this paper, using an improved quantum theory to mesoscopic cir...The open electron resonator is a mesoscopic device that has attracted considerable attention due to its remarkable behavior： conductance oscillations. In this paper, using an improved quantum theory to mesoscopic circuits developed recently by Li and Chen, the mesoscopic electron resonator is quantized based on the fundamental fact that the electric charge takes discrete value. With presentation transformation and unitary transformation, the SchrSdinger equation becomes an standard Mathieu equation. Then, the detailed energy spectrum and wave functions in the system axe obtained, which will be helpful to the observation of other characters of electron resonator. The average of currents and square of the current are calculated, the results show the existence of the current fluctuation, which causes the noise in the circuits, the influence of inductance to the noise is discussed. With the results achieved, the stability characters of mesoscopic electron resonator are studied firstly, these works would be benefit to the design and control of integrate circuit.展开更多
If the Planck length is chosen as the natural length scale of the Universe, the Penrose-Carter diagram associated with the classical gravitational collapse of a thin spherical shell of massless matter reveals, beyond ...If the Planck length is chosen as the natural length scale of the Universe, the Penrose-Carter diagram associated with the classical gravitational collapse of a thin spherical shell of massless matter reveals, beyond and in agreement with the claimed non locality of the horizon, a quantum nature of the whole process.展开更多
Haggard and Rovelli delineated an outer radius as to the range of quantum effects, which extends past the Schwartzshield radius. This is defined as 7/3 times the mass of the initial cosmological system. We also have a...Haggard and Rovelli delineated an outer radius as to the range of quantum effects, which extends past the Schwartzshield radius. This is defined as 7/3 times the mass of the initial cosmological system. We also have a range of perturbative effects as delineated by Turok’s article which gives a range of values of for which second order perturbative terms in cosmological evolution may play a role, where we have second order perturbation terms for which . Right afterwards, there are no perturbative behavior and no perturbation if . This is the 2<sup>nd</sup> order term for perturbing term for GW (Gravitational wave) as denoted by , and near the “zero point” of cosmological expansion, and from there we determine the size of the quantum effects, i.e. when they initiate, the relevant initial entropy, so as to determine the radii of initial cosmology, so quantum gravity may initiate its activity, in our toy universe. The criteria of Turok is used to obtain the relevant mass, m, used in the initial radii so that it is 7/3 times the mass of the initial cosmological system. We use the “Criteria of Turok” to delineate the start of quantum gravity effects. Mass m is done via appealing to graviton mass, and that times initial entropy, which is commented upon in Equation (9).展开更多
Based on unified theory of electromagnetic interactions and gravitational interactions, the non-relativistic limit of the equation of motion of a charged Dirac particle in gravitational field is studied. From the Schr...Based on unified theory of electromagnetic interactions and gravitational interactions, the non-relativistic limit of the equation of motion of a charged Dirac particle in gravitational field is studied. From the Schroedinger equation obtained from this non-relativistic limit, we can see that the classical Newtonian gravitational potential appears as a part of the potential in the Schroedinger equation, which can explain the gravitational phase effects found in COW experiments. And because of this Newtonian gravitational potential, a quantum particle in the earth＇s gravitational field may form a gravitationally bound quantized state, which has already been detected in experiments. Three different kinds of phase effects related to gravitational interactions are studied in this paper, and these phase effects should be observable in some astrophysical processes. Besides, there exists direct coupling between gravitomagnetic field and quantum spin, and radiation caused by this coupling can be used to directly determine the gravitomagnetic field on the surface of a star.展开更多
The mesoscopic nonlinear inductance-capacitance circuit is a typical anharmonie oscillator, due to diodes included in the circuit. In this paper, using the advanced quantum theory of mesoseopie circuits, which based o...The mesoscopic nonlinear inductance-capacitance circuit is a typical anharmonie oscillator, due to diodes included in the circuit. In this paper, using the advanced quantum theory of mesoseopie circuits, which based on the fundamental fact that the electric charge takes discrete value, the diode included mesoscopic circuit is firstly studied. Schrodinger equation of the system is a four-order difference equation in p rep asentation. Using the extended perturbative method, the detail energy spectrum and wave functions axe obtained and verified, as an application of the results, the current quantum fluctuation in the ground state is calculated. Diode is a basis component in a circuit, its quantization would popularize the quantum theory of mesoscopie circuits. The methods to solve the high order difference equation are helpful to the application of mesoscopic quantum theory.展开更多
Dust-ion acoustic waves are investigated in this model of plasma consisting of negatively charged dusts, cold ions and inertia less quantum effected electrons with the help of a typical energy integral. In this case, ...Dust-ion acoustic waves are investigated in this model of plasma consisting of negatively charged dusts, cold ions and inertia less quantum effected electrons with the help of a typical energy integral. In this case, a new technique is applied formulating a differential equation to establish the energy integral in case of multi-component plasmas which is not possible in general. Dust-ion acoustic （DIA） compressive and rarefactive, supersonic and subsonic solitons of various amplitudes are established. The consideration of smaller order nonlinearity in support of the newly established quantum plasma model is observed to generate small amplitude solitons at the decrease of Mach number. The growths of soliton amplitudes and potential depths are found more sensitive to the density of quantum electrons. The small density ratio r（= 1 - f） with a little quantized electrons supplemented by the dust charges Zu and the in-deterministic new quantum parameter C2 are found responsible to finally support the generation of small amplitude solitons admissible for the model.展开更多
The correlation between the Schrödinger equation and the diffusion equation revealed that the relation of material wave is not a hypothesis but an actual one valid in a material regardless of the photon energ...The correlation between the Schrödinger equation and the diffusion equation revealed that the relation of material wave is not a hypothesis but an actual one valid in a material regardless of the photon energy. Using the relations of material wave and uncertain principle, the quantum effect on elementary process of diffusion is discussed. As a result, the diffusivity is obtained as a universal expression applicable to any problem of diffusion phenomena. The Gauss theorem in theory and the Kirkendall effect in experimentation reveal the necessity of the coordinate transformation for a diffusion equation. The mathematical method for solving an interdiffusion problem of many elements system is established. The phase shift of the obtained analytical solution indicates the correlation between the solutions of each diffusion equation expressed by a fixed coordinate system and by a moving coordinate system. Based on the coordinate transformation theory, some unsolved problems of diffusion theory are reasonably solved and also some new important findings are discussed in relation to matters in the existing diffusion theory.展开更多
Determining thermodynamic properties in disordered systems remains a formidable challenge because of the difficulty in incorporating nuclear quantum effects into large-scale and nonperiodic atomic simulations.In this ...Determining thermodynamic properties in disordered systems remains a formidable challenge because of the difficulty in incorporating nuclear quantum effects into large-scale and nonperiodic atomic simulations.In this study,we employ a machine learning deep potential model in conjunction with the quantum thermal bath method,enabling machine learning molecular dynamics to simulate thermodynamic quantities of liquid materials with satisfactory accuracy without significantly increasing computational costs.Using this approach,we accurately calculate the variations in various thermodynamic quantities of liquid metal gallium at temperatures ranging from zero to room temperature.The calculated thermodynamic properties accurately capture the solid-liquid phase transition behavior of gallium,whereas classical molecular dynamics methods fail to reproduce realistic results.Through this approach,we offer a potential method for accurately calculating the thermodynamic properties of liquids and other disordered systems.展开更多
Recent advancements in two-dimensional van der Waals moir´e materials have unveiled the captivating landscape of moir´e physics.In twisted bilayer graphene(TBG)at‘magic angles’,strong electronic correlatio...Recent advancements in two-dimensional van der Waals moir´e materials have unveiled the captivating landscape of moir´e physics.In twisted bilayer graphene(TBG)at‘magic angles’,strong electronic correlations give rise to a diverse array of exotic physical phenomena,including correlated insulating states,superconductivity,magnetism,topological phases,and the quantum anomalous Hall(QAH)effect.Notably,the QAH effect demonstrates substantial promise for applications in electronic and quantum computing devices with low power consumption.This article focuses on the latest developments surrounding the QAH effect in magic-angle TBG.It provides a comprehensive analysis of magnetism and topology—two crucial factors in engineering the QAH effect within magic-angle TBG.Additionally,it offers a detailed overview of the experimental realization of the QAH effect in moir´e superlattices.Furthermore,this review highlights the underlying mechanisms driving these exotic phases in moir´e materials,contributing to a deeper understanding of strongly interacting quantum systems and facilitating the manipulation of new material properties to achieve novel quantum states.展开更多
We propose a quantum Otto engine operating through a cycle of two isochoric processes,where the working substance interacts with a single-mode radiation field,and two unitary strokes,during which the working substance...We propose a quantum Otto engine operating through a cycle of two isochoric processes,where the working substance interacts with a single-mode radiation field,and two unitary strokes,during which the working substance is decoupled from the field.We investigate the influence of quantum superposition and quantum internal friction on the engine's power output and efficiency,demonstrating that these quantum effects enhance both performance metrics.While these enhancements are accompanied by increased power fluctuations,we show that such fluctuations can be effectively mitigated through careful selection of control parameters.Our results reveal that the proposed quantum Otto engine can achieve performance regimes that are thermally inconceivable in classical systems,including surpassing the Otto efficiency limit and attaining 100%efficiency with nonzero power output.展开更多
Valley-polarized quantum anomalous Hall effect(VQAHE), combined nontrivial band topology with valleytronics,is of importance for both fundamental sciences and emerging applications. However, the experimental realizati...Valley-polarized quantum anomalous Hall effect(VQAHE), combined nontrivial band topology with valleytronics,is of importance for both fundamental sciences and emerging applications. However, the experimental realization of this property is challenging. Here, by using first-principles calculations and modal analysis, we predict a mechanism of producing VQAHE in two-dimensional ferromagnetic van der Waals germanene/MnI_(2) heterostructure. This heterostructure exhibits both valley anomalous Hall effect and VQAHE due to the joint effects of magnetic exchange effect and spin–orbital coupling with the aid of anomalous Hall conductance and chiral edge state. Moreover interestingly, through the electrical modulation of ferroelectric polarization state in In_(2)Se_(3), the germanene/Mn I_(2)/In_(2)Se_(3) heterostructure can undergo reversible switching from a semiconductor to a metallic behavior. This work offers a guiding advancement for searching for VQAHE in ferromagnetic van der Waals heterostructures and exploiting energy-efficient devices based on the VQAHE.展开更多
We propose a scheme for realizing the spin direction-dependent quantum anomalous Hall effect(QAHE)driven by spin-orbit couplings(SOC)in two-dimensional(2D)materials.Based on the sp^(3)tight-binding(TB)model,we find th...We propose a scheme for realizing the spin direction-dependent quantum anomalous Hall effect(QAHE)driven by spin-orbit couplings(SOC)in two-dimensional(2D)materials.Based on the sp^(3)tight-binding(TB)model,we find that these systems can exhibit a QAHE with out-of-plane and in-plane magnetization for the weak and strong SOC,respectively,in which the mechanism of quantum transition is mainly driven by the band inversion of p_(x,y)/p_(z)orbitals.As a concrete example,based on first-principles calculations,we realize a real material of monolayer 1T-SnN_(2)/PbN_(2)exhibiting the QAHE with in-plane/out-of-plane magnetization characterized by the nonzero Chern number C and topological edge states.These findings provide useful guidance for the pursuit of a spin direction-dependent QAHE and hence stimulate immediate experimental interest.展开更多
The quantum confinement effect fundamentally alters the optical and electronic properties of quantum dots(QDs),making them versatile building blocks for next-generation light-emitting diodes(LEDs).This study investiga...The quantum confinement effect fundamentally alters the optical and electronic properties of quantum dots(QDs),making them versatile building blocks for next-generation light-emitting diodes(LEDs).This study investigates how quantum confinement governs the charge transport,exciton dynamics,and emission efficiency in QD-LEDs,using CsPbI_(3) QDs as a model system.By systematically varying QD sizes,we reveal size-dependent trade-offs in LED performance,such as enhanced efficiency for smaller QDs but increased brightness and stability for larger QDs under high current densities.Our findings offer critical insights into the design of high-performance QD-LEDs,paving the way for scalable and energy-efficient optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Quantum interference effect serves as a critical strategy for addressing incorrect energy level alignment between frontier molecular orbitals and electrodes in molecular junctions. Weak-coupling structures offer an ef...Quantum interference effect serves as a critical strategy for addressing incorrect energy level alignment between frontier molecular orbitals and electrodes in molecular junctions. Weak-coupling structures offer an effective approach to suppress phonon thermal conductance. The thermoelectric properties of pure C_(3)N_(4) nanoribbon devices and C_(3)N_(4)-C_(20) molecular junctions are systematically investigated based on density functional theory(DFT) combined with nonequilibrium Green's function(NEGF) formalism. The results show that pure C_(3)N_(4) nanoribbon devices have superior charge transport capabilities and excellent Seebeck coefficients. A remarkable thermoelectric figure of merit(ZT = 0.98)is achieved near 0.09 e V. The pronounced scattering effect induced by embedding a C_(20) molecule in the center of the C_(3)N_(4) nanoribbon significantly suppresses phonon transport. A maximum ZT value of 1.68 is observed at 0.987 e V. The electron mobility of C_(3)N_(4)-C_(20)-par is effectively increased due to quantum interference effect which greatly improves the alignment between the C_(20) molecule's frontier orbital energy level and C_(3)N_(4) electrodes. The C_(3)N_(4)-C_(20)-van der Waals(vd W) molecular junction allows very few phonons to pass through the C_(20) molecule from the left electrode to the right electrode. As a result, the C_(3)N_(4)-C_(20)-vd W junction achieves an excellent ZT value of 3.82 near the Femi level.展开更多
Utilizing the improved model with quasi-coherent two-quantum state and new Hamiltonian containing an additional interaction term [Phys. Rev. E62 (2000) 6989 and Euro. Phys. J. B19 (2001) 297] we study numerically the ...Utilizing the improved model with quasi-coherent two-quantum state and new Hamiltonian containing an additional interaction term [Phys. Rev. E62 (2000) 6989 and Euro. Phys. J. B19 (2001) 297] we study numerically the influences of the quantum and disorder effects including distortion of the sequences of masses of amino acid molecules and fluctuations of force constant of molecular chains, and of exciton-phonon coupled constants and of the dipole-dipole interaction constant and of the ground state energy on the properties of the solitons transported the bio-energy in the protein molecules by Runge-Kutta method. The results obtained show that the new soliton is robust against these structure disorders, especially for stronger disorders in the sequence of masses spring constants and coupling constants,except for quite larger fluctuations of the ground state energy and dipole-dipole interaction constant. This means that the new soliton in the improved model is very stable in normal cases and is possibly a carrier of bio-energy transport in the protein molecules.展开更多
A previous study is continued by investigating the Boltzmann equation for particles with quantum effects (BQE). First, the corresponding entropy identity is proved, then if the initial data f(x,v,0) satisfies 0...A previous study is continued by investigating the Boltzmann equation for particles with quantum effects (BQE). First, the corresponding entropy identity is proved, then if the initial data f(x,v,0) satisfies 0≤f(x,v,0)≤CΦ(x,v,0) for a constant 0<C<∞ and function Φ(x,v,t), we prove the existence and uniqueness of spatial decay solutions of the BQE within a given function space B(Φ) using fixed point theory. Moreover, if there is a continuous function F(x,v) which belongs to a function set, then there exists a mild solution f(x,v,t) of the BQE such that f ∞(x,v)= limt→∞f(x+vt,v,t)=F(x,v).展开更多
文摘A compact drain current including the variation of barrier heights and carrier quantization in ultrathin-body and double-gate Schottky barrier MOSFETs （UTBDG SBFETs） is developed. In this model, Schrodinger＇s equation is solved using the triangular potential well approximation. The carrier density thus obtained is included in the space charge density to obtain quantum carrier confinement effects in the modeling of thin-body devices. Due to the quantum effects, the first subband is higher than the conduction band edge, which is equivalent to the band gap widening. Thus, the barrier heights at the source and drain increase and the carrier concentration decreases as the drain current decreases. The drawback of the existing models,which cannot present an accurate prediction of the drain current because they mainly consider the effects of Schottky barrier lowering （SBL） due to image forces,is eliminated. Our research results suggest that for small nonnegative Schottky barrier （SB） heights,even for zero barrier height, the tunneling current also plays a role in the total on-state currents. Verification of the present model was carried out by the device numerical simulator-Silvaco and showed good agreement.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation （No.2013CB834602 and No.2010CB923300） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20925311, No.21273211, and No.21103158）.
文摘The structure difference between light and heavy liquid water has been systematically in- vestigated by high precision Raman spectroscopy over the temperature range of 5-85℃. Distinct difference between the Raman spectral profiles of two different liquid waters is clearly observed. By analyzing the temperature-dependent Raman spectral contour using global fitting procedure, it is found that the micro-structure of heavy water is more ordered than that of light water at the same temperature, and the structure difference between the light and heavy water decreases with the increase of the temperature. The temperature off- set, an indicator for the structure difference, is determined to vary from 28 ℃ to 18 ℃ for the low-to-high temperature. It indicates that quantum effect is significantly not only at low temperature, but also at room temperature. The interaction energy among water molecules has also been estimated from van＇t Hoff＇s relationship. The detailed structural information should help to develop reliable force fields for molecular modeling of liquid water.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under，河北省自然科学基金
文摘The research work on the quantum effects in mesoscopic circuits has undergone a rapid development recently, however the whole quantum theory of the mesoscopic circuits should consider the discreteness of the electric charge. In this paper, based on the fundamental fact that the electric charge takes discrete values, the finite-difference Schrodinger equation of the mesoscopic RLC circuit with a source is achieved. With a unitary transformation, the Schrodinger equation becomes the standard Mathieu equation, then the energy spectrum and the wave functions of the system are obtained. Using the WKBJ method, the average of durrents and square of the current are calculated. The results show the existence of the current fluctuation, which causes noise in the circuits. This paper is an application of the whole quantum mesoscopic circuits theory to the fundamental circuits, and the results will shed light on the design of the miniation circuits, especially on the purpose of reducing quantum noise coherent controlling of the mesoscopic quantum states.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10405009 and Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China under Grant No. 103143
文摘Using the quantum theory for a mesoscopic circuit based on the discretenes of electric charges, the finitedifference Schrodinger equation of the non-dlssipative mesoscopic inductance and capacity coupling circuit is achieved. The Coulomb blockade effect, which is caused by the discreteness of electric charges, is studied. Appropriately choose the components in the circuits, the finlte-dlfference Schrodinger equation can be divided into two Mathieu equations in representation.＂ With the WKBJ method, the currents quantum fluctuations in the ground states of the two circuits are calculated. The results show that the currents quantum zero-point fluctuations of the two circuits are exist and correlated.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10405009the Youth Foundation of North China Electric Power University
文摘The open electron resonator is a mesoscopic device that has attracted considerable attention due to its remarkable behavior： conductance oscillations. In this paper, using an improved quantum theory to mesoscopic circuits developed recently by Li and Chen, the mesoscopic electron resonator is quantized based on the fundamental fact that the electric charge takes discrete value. With presentation transformation and unitary transformation, the SchrSdinger equation becomes an standard Mathieu equation. Then, the detailed energy spectrum and wave functions in the system axe obtained, which will be helpful to the observation of other characters of electron resonator. The average of currents and square of the current are calculated, the results show the existence of the current fluctuation, which causes the noise in the circuits, the influence of inductance to the noise is discussed. With the results achieved, the stability characters of mesoscopic electron resonator are studied firstly, these works would be benefit to the design and control of integrate circuit.
文摘If the Planck length is chosen as the natural length scale of the Universe, the Penrose-Carter diagram associated with the classical gravitational collapse of a thin spherical shell of massless matter reveals, beyond and in agreement with the claimed non locality of the horizon, a quantum nature of the whole process.
文摘Haggard and Rovelli delineated an outer radius as to the range of quantum effects, which extends past the Schwartzshield radius. This is defined as 7/3 times the mass of the initial cosmological system. We also have a range of perturbative effects as delineated by Turok’s article which gives a range of values of for which second order perturbative terms in cosmological evolution may play a role, where we have second order perturbation terms for which . Right afterwards, there are no perturbative behavior and no perturbation if . This is the 2<sup>nd</sup> order term for perturbing term for GW (Gravitational wave) as denoted by , and near the “zero point” of cosmological expansion, and from there we determine the size of the quantum effects, i.e. when they initiate, the relevant initial entropy, so as to determine the radii of initial cosmology, so quantum gravity may initiate its activity, in our toy universe. The criteria of Turok is used to obtain the relevant mass, m, used in the initial radii so that it is 7/3 times the mass of the initial cosmological system. We use the “Criteria of Turok” to delineate the start of quantum gravity effects. Mass m is done via appealing to graviton mass, and that times initial entropy, which is commented upon in Equation (9).
文摘Based on unified theory of electromagnetic interactions and gravitational interactions, the non-relativistic limit of the equation of motion of a charged Dirac particle in gravitational field is studied. From the Schroedinger equation obtained from this non-relativistic limit, we can see that the classical Newtonian gravitational potential appears as a part of the potential in the Schroedinger equation, which can explain the gravitational phase effects found in COW experiments. And because of this Newtonian gravitational potential, a quantum particle in the earth＇s gravitational field may form a gravitationally bound quantized state, which has already been detected in experiments. Three different kinds of phase effects related to gravitational interactions are studied in this paper, and these phase effects should be observable in some astrophysical processes. Besides, there exists direct coupling between gravitomagnetic field and quantum spin, and radiation caused by this coupling can be used to directly determine the gravitomagnetic field on the surface of a star.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10575028
文摘The mesoscopic nonlinear inductance-capacitance circuit is a typical anharmonie oscillator, due to diodes included in the circuit. In this paper, using the advanced quantum theory of mesoseopie circuits, which based on the fundamental fact that the electric charge takes discrete value, the diode included mesoscopic circuit is firstly studied. Schrodinger equation of the system is a four-order difference equation in p rep asentation. Using the extended perturbative method, the detail energy spectrum and wave functions axe obtained and verified, as an application of the results, the current quantum fluctuation in the ground state is calculated. Diode is a basis component in a circuit, its quantization would popularize the quantum theory of mesoscopie circuits. The methods to solve the high order difference equation are helpful to the application of mesoscopic quantum theory.
文摘Dust-ion acoustic waves are investigated in this model of plasma consisting of negatively charged dusts, cold ions and inertia less quantum effected electrons with the help of a typical energy integral. In this case, a new technique is applied formulating a differential equation to establish the energy integral in case of multi-component plasmas which is not possible in general. Dust-ion acoustic （DIA） compressive and rarefactive, supersonic and subsonic solitons of various amplitudes are established. The consideration of smaller order nonlinearity in support of the newly established quantum plasma model is observed to generate small amplitude solitons at the decrease of Mach number. The growths of soliton amplitudes and potential depths are found more sensitive to the density of quantum electrons. The small density ratio r（= 1 - f） with a little quantized electrons supplemented by the dust charges Zu and the in-deterministic new quantum parameter C2 are found responsible to finally support the generation of small amplitude solitons admissible for the model.
文摘The correlation between the Schrödinger equation and the diffusion equation revealed that the relation of material wave is not a hypothesis but an actual one valid in a material regardless of the photon energy. Using the relations of material wave and uncertain principle, the quantum effect on elementary process of diffusion is discussed. As a result, the diffusivity is obtained as a universal expression applicable to any problem of diffusion phenomena. The Gauss theorem in theory and the Kirkendall effect in experimentation reveal the necessity of the coordinate transformation for a diffusion equation. The mathematical method for solving an interdiffusion problem of many elements system is established. The phase shift of the obtained analytical solution indicates the correlation between the solutions of each diffusion equation expressed by a fixed coordinate system and by a moving coordinate system. Based on the coordinate transformation theory, some unsolved problems of diffusion theory are reasonably solved and also some new important findings are discussed in relation to matters in the existing diffusion theory.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA0718900 and 2022YFA1403000)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS(Grant No.ZDBS-LY-SLH008)+3 种基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974365,12204496,5193101,and 52127803)the K.C.Wong Education Foundation(Grant No.GJTD-2020-11)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(Grant No.2022C01032)the Science Center of the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52088101).
文摘Determining thermodynamic properties in disordered systems remains a formidable challenge because of the difficulty in incorporating nuclear quantum effects into large-scale and nonperiodic atomic simulations.In this study,we employ a machine learning deep potential model in conjunction with the quantum thermal bath method,enabling machine learning molecular dynamics to simulate thermodynamic quantities of liquid materials with satisfactory accuracy without significantly increasing computational costs.Using this approach,we accurately calculate the variations in various thermodynamic quantities of liquid metal gallium at temperatures ranging from zero to room temperature.The calculated thermodynamic properties accurately capture the solid-liquid phase transition behavior of gallium,whereas classical molecular dynamics methods fail to reproduce realistic results.Through this approach,we offer a potential method for accurately calculating the thermodynamic properties of liquids and other disordered systems.
基金supported by the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(Grant No.BJK2024168)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11904076)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei(Grant No.A2019205313)Science Foundation of Hebei Normal University(Grant No.L2024J02).
文摘Recent advancements in two-dimensional van der Waals moir´e materials have unveiled the captivating landscape of moir´e physics.In twisted bilayer graphene(TBG)at‘magic angles’,strong electronic correlations give rise to a diverse array of exotic physical phenomena,including correlated insulating states,superconductivity,magnetism,topological phases,and the quantum anomalous Hall(QAH)effect.Notably,the QAH effect demonstrates substantial promise for applications in electronic and quantum computing devices with low power consumption.This article focuses on the latest developments surrounding the QAH effect in magic-angle TBG.It provides a comprehensive analysis of magnetism and topology—two crucial factors in engineering the QAH effect within magic-angle TBG.Additionally,it offers a detailed overview of the experimental realization of the QAH effect in moir´e superlattices.Furthermore,this review highlights the underlying mechanisms driving these exotic phases in moir´e materials,contributing to a deeper understanding of strongly interacting quantum systems and facilitating the manipulation of new material properties to achieve novel quantum states.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12465009)support from the Major Program of Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.20224ACB201007)。
文摘We propose a quantum Otto engine operating through a cycle of two isochoric processes,where the working substance interacts with a single-mode radiation field,and two unitary strokes,during which the working substance is decoupled from the field.We investigate the influence of quantum superposition and quantum internal friction on the engine's power output and efficiency,demonstrating that these quantum effects enhance both performance metrics.While these enhancements are accompanied by increased power fluctuations,we show that such fluctuations can be effectively mitigated through careful selection of control parameters.Our results reveal that the proposed quantum Otto engine can achieve performance regimes that are thermally inconceivable in classical systems,including surpassing the Otto efficiency limit and attaining 100%efficiency with nonzero power output.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52173283)Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province (Grant No. ts20190939)Independent Cultivation Program of Innovation Team of Jinan City (Grant No. 2021GXRC043)。
文摘Valley-polarized quantum anomalous Hall effect(VQAHE), combined nontrivial band topology with valleytronics,is of importance for both fundamental sciences and emerging applications. However, the experimental realization of this property is challenging. Here, by using first-principles calculations and modal analysis, we predict a mechanism of producing VQAHE in two-dimensional ferromagnetic van der Waals germanene/MnI_(2) heterostructure. This heterostructure exhibits both valley anomalous Hall effect and VQAHE due to the joint effects of magnetic exchange effect and spin–orbital coupling with the aid of anomalous Hall conductance and chiral edge state. Moreover interestingly, through the electrical modulation of ferroelectric polarization state in In_(2)Se_(3), the germanene/Mn I_(2)/In_(2)Se_(3) heterostructure can undergo reversible switching from a semiconductor to a metallic behavior. This work offers a guiding advancement for searching for VQAHE in ferromagnetic van der Waals heterostructures and exploiting energy-efficient devices based on the VQAHE.
基金Project supported by Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province (Grant No.ts20190939)Independent Cultivation Program of Innovation Team of Jinan City (Grant No.2021GXRC043)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52173283)。
文摘We propose a scheme for realizing the spin direction-dependent quantum anomalous Hall effect(QAHE)driven by spin-orbit couplings(SOC)in two-dimensional(2D)materials.Based on the sp^(3)tight-binding(TB)model,we find that these systems can exhibit a QAHE with out-of-plane and in-plane magnetization for the weak and strong SOC,respectively,in which the mechanism of quantum transition is mainly driven by the band inversion of p_(x,y)/p_(z)orbitals.As a concrete example,based on first-principles calculations,we realize a real material of monolayer 1T-SnN_(2)/PbN_(2)exhibiting the QAHE with in-plane/out-of-plane magnetization characterized by the nonzero Chern number C and topological edge states.These findings provide useful guidance for the pursuit of a spin direction-dependent QAHE and hence stimulate immediate experimental interest.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFA1207700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072141,52102170).
文摘The quantum confinement effect fundamentally alters the optical and electronic properties of quantum dots(QDs),making them versatile building blocks for next-generation light-emitting diodes(LEDs).This study investigates how quantum confinement governs the charge transport,exciton dynamics,and emission efficiency in QD-LEDs,using CsPbI_(3) QDs as a model system.By systematically varying QD sizes,we reveal size-dependent trade-offs in LED performance,such as enhanced efficiency for smaller QDs but increased brightness and stability for larger QDs under high current densities.Our findings offer critical insights into the design of high-performance QD-LEDs,paving the way for scalable and energy-efficient optoelectronic devices.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12164046)。
文摘Quantum interference effect serves as a critical strategy for addressing incorrect energy level alignment between frontier molecular orbitals and electrodes in molecular junctions. Weak-coupling structures offer an effective approach to suppress phonon thermal conductance. The thermoelectric properties of pure C_(3)N_(4) nanoribbon devices and C_(3)N_(4)-C_(20) molecular junctions are systematically investigated based on density functional theory(DFT) combined with nonequilibrium Green's function(NEGF) formalism. The results show that pure C_(3)N_(4) nanoribbon devices have superior charge transport capabilities and excellent Seebeck coefficients. A remarkable thermoelectric figure of merit(ZT = 0.98)is achieved near 0.09 e V. The pronounced scattering effect induced by embedding a C_(20) molecule in the center of the C_(3)N_(4) nanoribbon significantly suppresses phonon transport. A maximum ZT value of 1.68 is observed at 0.987 e V. The electron mobility of C_(3)N_(4)-C_(20)-par is effectively increased due to quantum interference effect which greatly improves the alignment between the C_(20) molecule's frontier orbital energy level and C_(3)N_(4) electrodes. The C_(3)N_(4)-C_(20)-van der Waals(vd W) molecular junction allows very few phonons to pass through the C_(20) molecule from the left electrode to the right electrode. As a result, the C_(3)N_(4)-C_(20)-vd W junction achieves an excellent ZT value of 3.82 near the Femi level.
文摘Utilizing the improved model with quasi-coherent two-quantum state and new Hamiltonian containing an additional interaction term [Phys. Rev. E62 (2000) 6989 and Euro. Phys. J. B19 (2001) 297] we study numerically the influences of the quantum and disorder effects including distortion of the sequences of masses of amino acid molecules and fluctuations of force constant of molecular chains, and of exciton-phonon coupled constants and of the dipole-dipole interaction constant and of the ground state energy on the properties of the solitons transported the bio-energy in the protein molecules by Runge-Kutta method. The results obtained show that the new soliton is robust against these structure disorders, especially for stronger disorders in the sequence of masses spring constants and coupling constants,except for quite larger fluctuations of the ground state energy and dipole-dipole interaction constant. This means that the new soliton in the improved model is very stable in normal cases and is possibly a carrier of bio-energy transport in the protein molecules.
基金Supported by the Tsinghua U niversity Science Fund
文摘A previous study is continued by investigating the Boltzmann equation for particles with quantum effects (BQE). First, the corresponding entropy identity is proved, then if the initial data f(x,v,0) satisfies 0≤f(x,v,0)≤CΦ(x,v,0) for a constant 0<C<∞ and function Φ(x,v,t), we prove the existence and uniqueness of spatial decay solutions of the BQE within a given function space B(Φ) using fixed point theory. Moreover, if there is a continuous function F(x,v) which belongs to a function set, then there exists a mild solution f(x,v,t) of the BQE such that f ∞(x,v)= limt→∞f(x+vt,v,t)=F(x,v).
