The rapid advancement of quantum computing has sparked a considerable increase in research attention to quantum technologies.These advances span fundamental theoretical inquiries into quantum information and the explo...The rapid advancement of quantum computing has sparked a considerable increase in research attention to quantum technologies.These advances span fundamental theoretical inquiries into quantum information and the exploration of diverse applications arising from this evolving quantum computing paradigm.The scope of the related research is notably diverse.This paper consolidates and presents quantum computing research related to the financial sector.The finance applications considered in this study include portfolio optimization,fraud detection,and Monte Carlo methods for derivative pricing and risk calculation.In addition,we provide a comprehensive analysis of quantum computing’s applications and effects on blockchain technologies,particularly in relation to cryptocurrencies,which are central to financial technology research.As discussed in this study,quantum computing applications in finance are based on fundamental quantum physics principles and key quantum algorithms.This review aims to bridge the research gap between quantum computing and finance.We adopt a two-fold methodology,involving an analysis of quantum algorithms,followed by a discussion of their applications in specific financial contexts.Our study is based on an extensive review of online academic databases,search tools,online journal repositories,and whitepapers from 1952 to 2023,including CiteSeerX,DBLP,Research-Gate,Semantic Scholar,and scientific conference publications.We present state-of-theart findings at the intersection of finance and quantum technology and highlight open research questions that will be valuable for industry practitioners and academicians as they shape future research agendas.展开更多
Quantum blockchain can be understood as a decentralized, encrypted anddistributed database based on quantum computation and quantum information theory.Once the data is recorded in the quantum blockchain, it will not b...Quantum blockchain can be understood as a decentralized, encrypted anddistributed database based on quantum computation and quantum information theory.Once the data is recorded in the quantum blockchain, it will not be maliciously tamperedwith. In recent years, the development of quantum computation and quantum informationtheory makes more and more researchers focus on the research of quantum blockchain. Inthis paper, we review the developments in the field of quantum blockchain, and brieflyanalyze its advantages compared with the classical blockchain. The construction and theframework of the quantum blockchain are introduced. Then we introduce the method ofapplying quantum technology to a certain part of the general blockchain. In addition, theadvantages of quantum blockchain compared with classical blockchain and itsdevelopment prospects are summarized.展开更多
The Internet of Things(IoT)is a network system that connects physical devices through the Internet,allowing them to interact.Nowadays,IoT has become an integral part of our lives,offering convenience and smart functio...The Internet of Things(IoT)is a network system that connects physical devices through the Internet,allowing them to interact.Nowadays,IoT has become an integral part of our lives,offering convenience and smart functionality.However,the growing number of IoT devices has brought about a corresponding increase in cybersecurity threats,such as device vulnerabilities,data privacy concerns,and network susceptibilities.Integrating blockchain technology with IoT has proven to be a promising approach to enhance IoT security.Nevertheless,the emergence of quantum computing poses a significant challenge to the security of traditional classical cryptography used in blockchain,potentially exposing it to quantum cyber-attacks.To support the growth of the IoT industry,mitigate quantum threats,and safeguard IoT data,this study proposes a robust blockchain solution for IoT that incorporates both classical and post-quantum security measures.Firstly,we present the Quantum-Enhanced Blockchain Architecture for IoT(QBIoT)to ensure secure data sharing and integrity protection.Secondly,we propose an improved Proof of Authority consensus algorithm called“Proof of Authority with Random Election”(PoARE),implemented within QBIoT for leader selection and new block creation.Thirdly,we develop a publickey quantum signature protocol for transaction verification in the blockchain.Finally,a comprehensive security analysis of QBIoT demonstrates its resilience against cyber threats from both classical and quantum adversaries.In summary,this research introduces an innovative quantum-enhanced blockchain solution to address quantum security concernswithin the realmof IoT.The proposedQBIoT framework contributes to the ongoing development of quantum blockchain technology and offers valuable insights for future research on IoT security.展开更多
The rapid advancement of quantum technology poses significant security risks to blockchain systems.However,quantum technology can also provide solutions for enhancing blockchain security.In this paper,we propose a qua...The rapid advancement of quantum technology poses significant security risks to blockchain systems.However,quantum technology can also provide solutions for enhancing blockchain security.In this paper,we propose a quantum-enhanced blockchain scheme to achieve a high level of security against quantum computing attacks.We first discuss quantum computing attacks on classic blockchains,including attacks on hash functions,digital signatures,and consensus mechanisms.We then introduce quantum technologies,such as a quantum hash function(QHF),a quantum digital signature(QDS),and proof of authority(PoA)consensus mechanism,into our scheme to improve the security of the blockchain system.Our security analysis demonstrates that our scheme offers superior security against quantum and classic attacks.Finally,we compare our scheme with previous works,showing that our scheme has achieved a perfect balance in terms of practicality,reliability,scalability,and efficiency.Overall,this work contributes to the ongoing research on quantum blockchain in the quantum era.展开更多
随着量子计算机的发展,对于以传统椭圆曲线数字签名为基石的公链会造成颠覆性安全问题,常见解决方案是将后量子数字签名算法应用到区块链系统中.对于采用工作量证明共识机制的区块链公链,支持算力也是公链安全的重要基石,如何节省能源...随着量子计算机的发展,对于以传统椭圆曲线数字签名为基石的公链会造成颠覆性安全问题,常见解决方案是将后量子数字签名算法应用到区块链系统中.对于采用工作量证明共识机制的区块链公链,支持算力也是公链安全的重要基石,如何节省能源且最大化算力支持是一个重要研究方向.因此,提出一种算力多元化且应用自主可控后量子签名的后量子区块链系统.Dilithium签名方案是美国国家标准研究院(National Institute of Standards and Technology,NIST)所推荐的首选和通用后量子签名标准,其安全性基于power-of-two分圆环上的MLWE和MSIS问题.但是,正如比特币区块链虽然最初采用EC-DSA标准签名算法,却并没有采用美国NIST所规定的椭圆曲线一样,power-of-two分圆环丰富的代数结构为公链所基于的后量子数字签名的长远安全带来较大风险和不确定性.素阶数域是一种代数结构更少、更为保守和安全的后量子格基密码技术路线.采用基于素阶数域的后量子数字签名Dilithium变体:Dilithium-Prime,作为后量子区块链系统的签名算法以提供高置信度的交易签署后量子安全.为了提供多元化的算力以最大化后量子公链的算力支持,并解决目前矿池和矿工收入不断减少的困境,引入一种基于多父链辅助工作量证明共识机制,可以请求所有采用Sha256和Scrypt哈希计算的算力来辅助共识而不额外增加现有矿工和矿池的工作量,在增加了后量子区块链的算力来源的同时也提高了现有矿池和矿工的算力利用率.同时,提出适配这种多父链辅助工作量共识机制的区块和交易结构和难度调整算法,针对不同量级的算力,稳定出块比例和出块时间,并可有效应对算力突增、突减等极端情况攻击以保持系统的健壮性.展开更多
As AI systems scale, the limitations of cloud-based architectures, including latency, bandwidth, and privacy concerns, demand decentralized alternatives. Federated learning (FL) and Edge AI provide a paradigm shift by...As AI systems scale, the limitations of cloud-based architectures, including latency, bandwidth, and privacy concerns, demand decentralized alternatives. Federated learning (FL) and Edge AI provide a paradigm shift by combining privacy preserving training with efficient, on device computation. This paper introduces a cutting-edge FL-edge integration framework, achieving a 10% to 15% increase in model accuracy and reducing communication costs by 25% in heterogeneous environments. Blockchain based secure aggregation ensures robust and tamper-proof model updates, while exploratory quantum AI techniques enhance computational efficiency. By addressing key challenges such as device variability and non-IID data, this work sets the stage for the next generation of adaptive, privacy-first AI systems, with applications in IoT, healthcare, and autonomous systems.展开更多
基金Gerhard Hellstern is partly funded by the Ministry of Economic Affairs,Labour and Tourism Baden-Württemberg in the frame of the Competence Center Quantum Computing Baden-Württemberg(QORA Ⅱ).
文摘The rapid advancement of quantum computing has sparked a considerable increase in research attention to quantum technologies.These advances span fundamental theoretical inquiries into quantum information and the exploration of diverse applications arising from this evolving quantum computing paradigm.The scope of the related research is notably diverse.This paper consolidates and presents quantum computing research related to the financial sector.The finance applications considered in this study include portfolio optimization,fraud detection,and Monte Carlo methods for derivative pricing and risk calculation.In addition,we provide a comprehensive analysis of quantum computing’s applications and effects on blockchain technologies,particularly in relation to cryptocurrencies,which are central to financial technology research.As discussed in this study,quantum computing applications in finance are based on fundamental quantum physics principles and key quantum algorithms.This review aims to bridge the research gap between quantum computing and finance.We adopt a two-fold methodology,involving an analysis of quantum algorithms,followed by a discussion of their applications in specific financial contexts.Our study is based on an extensive review of online academic databases,search tools,online journal repositories,and whitepapers from 1952 to 2023,including CiteSeerX,DBLP,Research-Gate,Semantic Scholar,and scientific conference publications.We present state-of-theart findings at the intersection of finance and quantum technology and highlight open research questions that will be valuable for industry practitioners and academicians as they shape future research agendas.
基金supported byNational Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61502101, 61501247,61672290 and 71461005)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.BK20171458)+2 种基金the Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. 2015-XXRJ-013)the Practice Innovation Training Program Projects for Jiangsu College Students(Grant No. 201810300016Z)the Priority Academic Program Development ofJiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).
文摘Quantum blockchain can be understood as a decentralized, encrypted anddistributed database based on quantum computation and quantum information theory.Once the data is recorded in the quantum blockchain, it will not be maliciously tamperedwith. In recent years, the development of quantum computation and quantum informationtheory makes more and more researchers focus on the research of quantum blockchain. Inthis paper, we review the developments in the field of quantum blockchain, and brieflyanalyze its advantages compared with the classical blockchain. The construction and theframework of the quantum blockchain are introduced. Then we introduce the method ofapplying quantum technology to a certain part of the general blockchain. In addition, theadvantages of quantum blockchain compared with classical blockchain and itsdevelopment prospects are summarized.
基金supported by National Key RD Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3104402,the Research on Digital Identity Trust System for Massive Heterogeneous Terminals in Road Traffic System)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.3282023015,3282023035,3282023051)National First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute(No.3201012).
文摘The Internet of Things(IoT)is a network system that connects physical devices through the Internet,allowing them to interact.Nowadays,IoT has become an integral part of our lives,offering convenience and smart functionality.However,the growing number of IoT devices has brought about a corresponding increase in cybersecurity threats,such as device vulnerabilities,data privacy concerns,and network susceptibilities.Integrating blockchain technology with IoT has proven to be a promising approach to enhance IoT security.Nevertheless,the emergence of quantum computing poses a significant challenge to the security of traditional classical cryptography used in blockchain,potentially exposing it to quantum cyber-attacks.To support the growth of the IoT industry,mitigate quantum threats,and safeguard IoT data,this study proposes a robust blockchain solution for IoT that incorporates both classical and post-quantum security measures.Firstly,we present the Quantum-Enhanced Blockchain Architecture for IoT(QBIoT)to ensure secure data sharing and integrity protection.Secondly,we propose an improved Proof of Authority consensus algorithm called“Proof of Authority with Random Election”(PoARE),implemented within QBIoT for leader selection and new block creation.Thirdly,we develop a publickey quantum signature protocol for transaction verification in the blockchain.Finally,a comprehensive security analysis of QBIoT demonstrates its resilience against cyber threats from both classical and quantum adversaries.In summary,this research introduces an innovative quantum-enhanced blockchain solution to address quantum security concernswithin the realmof IoT.The proposedQBIoT framework contributes to the ongoing development of quantum blockchain technology and offers valuable insights for future research on IoT security.
基金supported byResearch on SatelliteQuantumKeyNetwork Security Architecture(No.AHY180500)This work was supported by the Research on Digital Identity Trust System for Massive Heterogeneous Terminals in Road Traffic System(No.2022YFB3104402)+2 种基金This work was supported in part by National Key RD Program of China(No.2018YFB0803401)in part by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant 2019M650606in part by First-class Discipline Construction Project of Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute(No.3201012).
文摘The rapid advancement of quantum technology poses significant security risks to blockchain systems.However,quantum technology can also provide solutions for enhancing blockchain security.In this paper,we propose a quantum-enhanced blockchain scheme to achieve a high level of security against quantum computing attacks.We first discuss quantum computing attacks on classic blockchains,including attacks on hash functions,digital signatures,and consensus mechanisms.We then introduce quantum technologies,such as a quantum hash function(QHF),a quantum digital signature(QDS),and proof of authority(PoA)consensus mechanism,into our scheme to improve the security of the blockchain system.Our security analysis demonstrates that our scheme offers superior security against quantum and classic attacks.Finally,we compare our scheme with previous works,showing that our scheme has achieved a perfect balance in terms of practicality,reliability,scalability,and efficiency.Overall,this work contributes to the ongoing research on quantum blockchain in the quantum era.
文摘随着量子计算机的发展,对于以传统椭圆曲线数字签名为基石的公链会造成颠覆性安全问题,常见解决方案是将后量子数字签名算法应用到区块链系统中.对于采用工作量证明共识机制的区块链公链,支持算力也是公链安全的重要基石,如何节省能源且最大化算力支持是一个重要研究方向.因此,提出一种算力多元化且应用自主可控后量子签名的后量子区块链系统.Dilithium签名方案是美国国家标准研究院(National Institute of Standards and Technology,NIST)所推荐的首选和通用后量子签名标准,其安全性基于power-of-two分圆环上的MLWE和MSIS问题.但是,正如比特币区块链虽然最初采用EC-DSA标准签名算法,却并没有采用美国NIST所规定的椭圆曲线一样,power-of-two分圆环丰富的代数结构为公链所基于的后量子数字签名的长远安全带来较大风险和不确定性.素阶数域是一种代数结构更少、更为保守和安全的后量子格基密码技术路线.采用基于素阶数域的后量子数字签名Dilithium变体:Dilithium-Prime,作为后量子区块链系统的签名算法以提供高置信度的交易签署后量子安全.为了提供多元化的算力以最大化后量子公链的算力支持,并解决目前矿池和矿工收入不断减少的困境,引入一种基于多父链辅助工作量证明共识机制,可以请求所有采用Sha256和Scrypt哈希计算的算力来辅助共识而不额外增加现有矿工和矿池的工作量,在增加了后量子区块链的算力来源的同时也提高了现有矿池和矿工的算力利用率.同时,提出适配这种多父链辅助工作量共识机制的区块和交易结构和难度调整算法,针对不同量级的算力,稳定出块比例和出块时间,并可有效应对算力突增、突减等极端情况攻击以保持系统的健壮性.
文摘As AI systems scale, the limitations of cloud-based architectures, including latency, bandwidth, and privacy concerns, demand decentralized alternatives. Federated learning (FL) and Edge AI provide a paradigm shift by combining privacy preserving training with efficient, on device computation. This paper introduces a cutting-edge FL-edge integration framework, achieving a 10% to 15% increase in model accuracy and reducing communication costs by 25% in heterogeneous environments. Blockchain based secure aggregation ensures robust and tamper-proof model updates, while exploratory quantum AI techniques enhance computational efficiency. By addressing key challenges such as device variability and non-IID data, this work sets the stage for the next generation of adaptive, privacy-first AI systems, with applications in IoT, healthcare, and autonomous systems.
