Objective To quantitatively analyze the policy of centralized drug procurement centralized drug procurement in order to provide reference for the subsequent policy formulation and improvement.Methods Text mining metho...Objective To quantitatively analyze the policy of centralized drug procurement centralized drug procurement in order to provide reference for the subsequent policy formulation and improvement.Methods Text mining method was used to process 15 centralized drugs procurement policies issued at the national level during 2015-2022,and a PMC index evaluation model of centralized drug procurement policies was established.Then,15 centralized drug procurement policies were quantitatively analyzed from the overall and comparative perspective through an evaluation model.Results and Conclusion The average PMC index of 15 centralized drug procurement policies was 6.95,which was acceptable on the whole.Among them,eight were excellent and seven were acceptable.As to the first-order variables,the centralized drugs procurement policy still lacks incentives and constraints.The comparative results show that there are differences in the content and structure of policies,but they are strongly related to each other.Chinese centralized drug procurement policy has been basically formed,which is closely related to medical insurance and medical policies.However,it is still necessary to pay attention to the structure of the policy to ensure the elaboration of the policy content.展开更多
3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one(NTO)is a typical high-energy,low-sensitivity explosive,and accurate concentration monitoring is critical for crystallization process control.In this study,a high-precision quantitative anal...3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one(NTO)is a typical high-energy,low-sensitivity explosive,and accurate concentration monitoring is critical for crystallization process control.In this study,a high-precision quantitative analytical model for NTO concentration in ethanol solutions was developed by integrating real-time ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with chemometric and machine learning techniques.Dynamic spectral data were obtained by designing multi-concentration gradient heating-cooling cycle experiments,abnormal samples were eliminated using the isolation forest algorithm,and the effects of various preprocessing methods on model performance were systematically evaluated.The results show that partial least squares regression(PLSR)exhibits superior generalization ability compared to other models.Vibrational bands corresponding to C=O and–NO_(2)were identified as key predictors for concentration estimation.This work provides an efficient and reliable solution for real-time concentration monitoring during NTO crystallization and holds significant potential for process analytical applications in energetic material manufacturing.展开更多
Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction （HLJDD） has been widely used for the treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） in clinic. However, the relationship between its chemical profile and neuroprotective bioactivity was not cle...Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction （HLJDD） has been widely used for the treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） in clinic. However, the relationship between its chemical profile and neuroprotective bioactivity was not clearly clarified yet. In present study, the water extract of HLJDD and subsequent three polarity fractions divided by different reagents were investigated. A total of 17 chromatographic peaks were confirmed by comparison with standards and their UV, MS spectra. Among them, 11 major compounds were determined by HPLC-DAD method with good linear regression relationship （r2, 0.9994-0.9999）, precisions （inter-day precision RSD, 0.79%-1.07%; intra-day precision RSD, 1.59%-2.10%）, repeatability （RSD, 1.66%-3.67%）, stability （RSD, 1.26%-4.77%） and recovery （95.24%-105.41%, RSD, 0.29%-2.69%）. Furthermore, PC12 cells and primary neurons cells were used for the neuroprotective effective assessment of aforementioned four samples from HLJDD. 3＂he total aqueous extract and n-butanol extract of HLJDD presented more significant effects than the other two parts. According to their quality and quantity determination results, iridoids and alkaloids have a positive correlation with the neuroprotective effectiveness of HLJDD.展开更多
A reliable and accurate HPLC/UV method was developed for the quantitative determination of astragaloside IV in ＇Huang-Qi-Si-Wu＇ Capsules, a widely used prescription of traditional Chinese medicines （TCM）. The chro...A reliable and accurate HPLC/UV method was developed for the quantitative determination of astragaloside IV in ＇Huang-Qi-Si-Wu＇ Capsules, a widely used prescription of traditional Chinese medicines （TCM）. The chromatographic separation conditions employed for HPLC/UV were optimized using a Hypersil-ODS column （250 mm^4.6 mm, 5.0 pm） with isocratic elution. Acetonitrile-water （32：68, v/v） were used as the mobile phase pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a detection wavelength at 203 nm was used. The method was fully validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity and robustness. The validated method was applied successfully to the quantification of astragaloside IV in the extract of ＇Huang-Qi- Si-Wu＇ Capsules from different production batches. The results indicate that the established HPLC/UV method is suitable for the quantitative analysis and quality control of ＇Huang-Qi-Si-Wu＇ Capsules and other related botanical drugs.展开更多
In the present study, a method for the quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of echinacoside(ECH), tubuloside A, acteoside...In the present study, a method for the quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of echinacoside(ECH), tubuloside A, acteoside, isoacteoside, and2’-acetylacteoside in Cistanches Herba. ECH was used as the internal standard(IS) to obtain the relative correction factors(RCFs) of the other four phenylethanoid glycosides(PhGs);meanwhile, various influencing factors on RCFs were investigated under different conditions. The content of each component was calculated with RCF. The results were compared with those obtained by the external standard method(ESM) to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the established QAMS method. No significant difference was found in the quantitative results of 10 batches of Cistanches Herba between QAMS and ESM. The proposed QAMS method for simultaneous determination of PhGs in Cistanches Herba is accurate and feasible, providing an efficient and economical approach for the quality control of Cistanches Herba.展开更多
1 Introduction The super-large Huize lead-zinc ore district is one of the most representative lead-zinc deposits in Northeastern Yunnan poly-metallic deposit concentration district.So far,studies(Liu and Lin,1999;Han ...1 Introduction The super-large Huize lead-zinc ore district is one of the most representative lead-zinc deposits in Northeastern Yunnan poly-metallic deposit concentration district.So far,studies(Liu and Lin,1999;Han et al.,2007)on the type of deposits like the Huize lead-zinc deposit,focused on deposit genesis,the sources of metallogenic materials,展开更多
pH-fixed titration method for the determination of weak acids and bases has been studied in this paper.It is not necessary to know the ionization constant of weak acid or base and the concentration of titrant. This me...pH-fixed titration method for the determination of weak acids and bases has been studied in this paper.It is not necessary to know the ionization constant of weak acid or base and the concentration of titrant. This method had been applied to determine phenol,4-aminoantipyrine and glycine,whose ionization constants range from 10^(-10)to 10^(-12).The results were satisfactory.展开更多
Incidence of Armillaria infection was quantified based on site factors in New Zealand Pinus radiata plantations.A linear multiple regression model was derived to predict infection levels of Armillaria root rot.Factors...Incidence of Armillaria infection was quantified based on site factors in New Zealand Pinus radiata plantations.A linear multiple regression model was derived to predict infection levels of Armillaria root rot.Factors positivily associated with the infection were:previous vegetation（native bush,pine）;soil type（pumice）;landform （valley,gully,flat）and the interaction between them.This model could assist in management planning with regard to the predisposition of particular stand to Armillaria infection.Keywods:Armillaria root rot,Disease incidence,Site factors,Quantification,Pinus radiata.展开更多
A micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MECC) method with sodium cholate as pseudostationary phase was proposed for the separation and quantitation of two analgesic formulations containing acetaminophen, dextro-met...A micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MECC) method with sodium cholate as pseudostationary phase was proposed for the separation and quantitation of two analgesic formulations containing acetaminophen, dextro-methorphan hydrobromide, phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, and chlorpheniramine maleate. The internal standard method was proved to be able to yield satisfactory results even with a modular CE instrument with RSD between 0.6 similar to 2.1%, and recoveries ranging from 98.1 similar to 99.9%.展开更多
Two capillary electrophoresis methods were developed for the determination of the active constituents in four anti-hrpertensive formulations.These active constituents are nitrendipine and atenolol in Tabellae Nile, an...Two capillary electrophoresis methods were developed for the determination of the active constituents in four anti-hrpertensive formulations.These active constituents are nitrendipine and atenolol in Tabellae Nile, and hydrochlorothiazide, amiloride hydrochloride, captopril, and enalapril maleate in three other tablet formulations,respectively. The internal standard method was employed for quantitation with RSD between 1 .2~4.3%, recoveries ranging from 93. 1 ~ 101 .0%.展开更多
A combined method of high performance liquid chromatograph-elecrtrospray-ionization mass spectrometer（HPLC-ESI-MS/MS） coupled with a photodiode array detector（HPLC-DAD） and principal component analysis（PCA） was ...A combined method of high performance liquid chromatograph-elecrtrospray-ionization mass spectrometer（HPLC-ESI-MS/MS） coupled with a photodiode array detector（HPLC-DAD） and principal component analysis（PCA） was applied to the qualitative and quantitative analyses of alkaloids in Cortex Phellodendri（CP） samples, and to the differentiation of two species of CP, Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis（CPC） and Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis（CPA）. Twenty-two peaks appeared in the HPLC-MS base peak chromatogram of CP detected by the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, and the alkaloids were identified according to the MSn data, the known MS fragmentation rules and the literature data. Five alkaloids including berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, phellodendrine and magnoflorine were simultaneously determinated by the HPLC-DAD. Berberine was the primary component in all CP samples, and the contents of berberine and palmatine were exploited to be two critical parameters for effective discrimination between the two species of CP. The average content of berberine in CPC（58.75 mg/g） was higher than that in CPA（9.16 mg/g）, while the content of palmatine was less, only 0.25 mg/g in CPC and 4.19 mg/g in CPA. With the use of PCA, samples datasets were separated successfully into two different clusters corresponding to the two species, and berberine, pahnatine, phellodendrine and magnoflorine contribute most to the above mentioned calssifying . The proposed method oroved to be a useful tool in the aualitv control of Chinese herbal medicines.展开更多
Several studies have demonstrated that soil reflectance decreases with increasing soil moisture content, or increases when the soil moisture reaches a certain content; however, there are few analyses on the quantitati...Several studies have demonstrated that soil reflectance decreases with increasing soil moisture content, or increases when the soil moisture reaches a certain content; however, there are few analyses on the quantitative relationship between soil reflectance and its moisture, especially in the case of black soils in northeast China. A new moisture adjusting method was developed to obtain soil reflectance with a smaller moisture interval to describe the quantitative relationship between soil reflectance and moisture. For the soil samples with moisture contents ranging from air-dry to saturated, the changes in soil reflectance with soil moisture can be depicted using a cubic equation. Both moisture threshold (MT) and moisture inflexion (MI) of soil reflectance can also be determined by the equation. When the moisture range was smaller than MT, soil reflectance can be simulated with a linear model. However, for samples with different soil organic matter (OM), the parameters of the linear model varied regularly with the OM content. Based on their relationship, the soil moisture can be estimated from soil reflectance in the black soil region.展开更多
In the spectral analysis of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,abundant characteristic spectral lines and severe interference information exist simultaneously in the original spectral data.Here,a feature selection m...In the spectral analysis of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,abundant characteristic spectral lines and severe interference information exist simultaneously in the original spectral data.Here,a feature selection method called recursive feature elimination based on ridge regression(Ridge-RFE)for the original spectral data is recommended to make full use of the valid information of spectra.In the Ridge-RFE method,the absolute value of the ridge regression coefficient was used as a criterion to screen spectral characteristic,the feature with the absolute value of minimum weight in the input subset features was removed by recursive feature elimination(RFE),and the selected features were used as inputs of the partial least squares regression(PLS)model.The Ridge-RFE method based PLS model was used to measure the Fe,Si,Mg,Cu,Zn and Mn for 51 aluminum alloy samples,and the results showed that the root mean square error of prediction decreased greatly compared to the PLS model with full spectrum as input.The overall results demonstrate that the Ridge-RFE method is more efficient to extract the redundant features,make PLS model for better quantitative analysis results and improve model generalization ability.展开更多
Quantitative analysis of the impact factors in energy-related CO2 emissions serves as an important guide for reducing carbon emissions and building an environmentally-friendly society. This paper aims to use LMDI meth...Quantitative analysis of the impact factors in energy-related CO2 emissions serves as an important guide for reducing carbon emissions and building an environmentally-friendly society. This paper aims to use LMDI method and a modified STIRPAT model to research the conventional energy-related CO_2 emissions in Kazakhstan after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The results show that the trajectory of CO2 emissions displayed U-shaped curve from 1992 to 2013. Based on the extended Kaya identity and additive LMDI method, we decomposed total CO2 emissions into four influencing factors. Of those, the economic active effect is the most influential factor driving CO2 emissions, which produced 110.86 Mt CO2 emissions, with a contribution rate of 43.92%. The second driving factor is the population effect, which led to 11.87 Mt CO2 emissions with a contribution rate of 4.7%. On the contrary, the energy intensity effect is the most inhibiting factor, which caused –110.90 Mt CO2 emissions with a contribution rate of –43.94%, followed by the energy carbon structure effect resulting in –18.76 Mt CO2 emissions with a contribution rate of –7.43%. In order to provide an in-depth examination of the change response between energy-related CO2 emissions and each impact factor, we construct a modified STIRPAT model based on ridge regression estimation. The results indicate that for every 1% increase in population size, economic activity, energy intensity and energy carbon structure, there is a subsequent increase in CO_2 emissions of 3.13%, 0.41%, 0.30% and 0.63%, respectively.展开更多
The granulation of blast furnace slag （BFS） with water quenching treatment has some disadvantages, such as high water consumption and difficulty for recovery heat. So developing a new dry granulation technique to tr...The granulation of blast furnace slag （BFS） with water quenching treatment has some disadvantages, such as high water consumption and difficulty for recovery heat. So developing a new dry granulation technique to treat BFS is very important. The applicability of BFS directly depends on the content of non-crystalline solids in the slag after treatment. So it is of theoretical and practical significance to analyze the content of non-crystalline solids in the slag quantitatively and simply. Metallographical test is mainly adopted to quantify the non-crystalline in BFS so far with the shortages such as complex sample, difficult determination, ect. The diffraction intensity of non-crystalline is proportionate to the content of non-crystalline in BFS, ~ray diffraction method was adopted to quantify the noncrystalline and the crystalline solids in BFS. The quantitative coefficient between the crystalline and the non-crystalline solids of BFS is 0.70 of BFS whose main composition （mass percent, %） is： CaO 38.2, SiO2 35.7, Al2Oa 16.3, and MgO 8.3. The relative error of X-ray diffractometer for quantitatively analyzing non-crystalline content of BFS is less than 1%.展开更多
Ecological footprint （EF） has attracted much attention internationally as a potential indicator for sustainable development. In China, EF has also gained recognition in related fields and disciplines. Moreover, some...Ecological footprint （EF） has attracted much attention internationally as a potential indicator for sustainable development. In China, EF has also gained recognition in related fields and disciplines. Moreover, some scholars in these fields have proposed alternative methods to calculate EF and have made some progress. This paper, therefore, begins with the introduction and development of EF in China. However, the established methods of EF calculation hold some limitations, such as indicator variance and result abnormality. In order to resolve those problems, the authors make a further modification considering the demand of EF as a comprehensive indicator： 1） More accurate analysis has been done to divide EF into several parts： imported EF, exported EF, and producible EF, which is the solution to the problem of abnormality in original EF results and can explain abnormal phenomena reasonably. 2） Considering the actual situa- tion of Shanghai, emended equivalence factor is brought forward and a matrix is formed with equivalence factors. The measure can reduce the deviation between the fact and the results. 3） The calculation compares local yield with global average yield to analyze the effects of yields. And based on local yields in different years, the results are more accurate. Finally, the calculation method is applied to calculating EF of Shanghai from 1980 to 2003, and the subsequent detailed analysis is presented. Available data and results suggest a statistically significant correlation coefficient between EF and GDP, population density and urbaniTation level. Through analyzing the process of calculating EF and its results, it can be seen that EF, as a macro-indicator, can not exactly indicate whether development within a region can meet the re- quests of sustainable development, which can be explained by the fact that the result of EF is impacted greatly by sub- jective factors including national policy,available technology, population, etc. Nevertheless, EF can demonstrate, at least to some degree, the regional status in terms of resources and energy consumption, as well as developmental potential. The calculation of EF, therefore, deserves further research to achieve more far-reaching significance in application.展开更多
Using the theory and method of the ecological footprint, and combining the changes of regional land use, resource environment, population, society and economy, this paper calculated the ecological footprint, ecologica...Using the theory and method of the ecological footprint, and combining the changes of regional land use, resource environment, population, society and economy, this paper calculated the ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and ecological surplus/loss in 1986-2002 on the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province. What is more, this paper has put forward the concept of ecological pressure index, set up ecological pressure index models, and ecological security grading systems, and the prediction models of different ecological footprints, ecological carrying capacity, ecological surplus and ecological safety change, and also has assessed the ecological footprint demands of 10,000 yuan GDE The results of this study are as follows： （1） the ecological carrying capacity in northern Shaanxi shows a decreasing trend, the difference of reducing range is the fastest; （2） the ecological footprint appears an increasing trend; （3） ecological pressure index rose to 0.91 from 0.44 during 1986-2002 on the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi with an increase of 47%; and （4） the ecological security in the study area is in a critical state, and the ecological oressure index has been increasing rapidlv.展开更多
In this paper, a double artificial neural network （DANN） algorithm was used to parse near infrared （NIR） reflectance spectrum of Cofrel medicines. The contents of benproperine phosphate, which is the effective ing...In this paper, a double artificial neural network （DANN） algorithm was used to parse near infrared （NIR） reflectance spectrum of Cofrel medicines. The contents of benproperine phosphate, which is the effective ingredient in Cofrel medicines, were accurately nondestructive quantitatively predicted. Compared the results with those of HPLC, the relative errors （RE %） were less than 0.18%. The analytical results could be applied to qualitative control of Cofrel medicines.展开更多
Microstructure of the eco-material combining vegetation recovery with slope protection is important for determining plant-growing properties.Several techniques for analyzing the eco-material microstructure are present...Microstructure of the eco-material combining vegetation recovery with slope protection is important for determining plant-growing properties.Several techniques for analyzing the eco-material microstructure are presented,including the freeze-cut-drying method of preparing samples for scanning electronic microscopy (SEM),the SEM image processing technique and quantifying analysis method of the SEM images,and etc.The aggregates and pores in SEM images are identified using the different mathematics operators,and their effects are compared.The areas of aggregates and pores are obtained using the operator of morphology,and the influences of different thresholds in image segmentation are also discussed.The results show that the method,in which the variation of non-maximum grey-level gradient is limited,improves the effect of edge detections due to a weak distinction existing at the edge between the aggregates and pores in image.The determination of the threshold should combine the image characteristic with filling operation,so as to assure the precision of the image analysis,in which the contact-segmentation is the simplest and most effective method.The results also show that the pore areas in eco-materials are generally larger than those in the correlative soils,and their increment is large as soil fabric being fine.These differences are related to admixture of expansive perlitic.The operator of morphology provides a new method for the image analysis of other porous material microstructure such as soils and concretes.展开更多
Based on the data concerning detailed survey on land in the year 2009 and land change in the year 2010 in Rong County,a mountainous region of Sichuan Province,by using quantitative geographical model,we conduct quanti...Based on the data concerning detailed survey on land in the year 2009 and land change in the year 2010 in Rong County,a mountainous region of Sichuan Province,by using quantitative geographical model,we conduct quantitative analysis of the status quo of land use in Rong County in terms of land use diversification,land use centralization,land use combination type,land use geographic significance and comprehensive use degree of land use.The results show some characteristics as follows.Firstly,land use in study area displays prominent characteristic of diversification;there is a high degree of completeness land use type;there is a great similarity among towns.Secondly,there is limited combination number of land use type;mostly the combination number of the towns is 2-3;the holistic function of regional land is fragile;the proportion of farmland areas is big,reaching 40.09%;the land use type of 21 towns is farmland.Thirdly,the towns with prominent characteristic of diversification of land use in Rong County,have low degree of centralization of land use and relatively big combination number of land use type,and vice versa.Fourthly,the type and quantity of agricultural land resources with geographical significance are relatively complete with nothing missing;it abounds in untapped land,but the overall index values of land use are all smaller than 300,with low overall use degree of land.展开更多
文摘Objective To quantitatively analyze the policy of centralized drug procurement centralized drug procurement in order to provide reference for the subsequent policy formulation and improvement.Methods Text mining method was used to process 15 centralized drugs procurement policies issued at the national level during 2015-2022,and a PMC index evaluation model of centralized drug procurement policies was established.Then,15 centralized drug procurement policies were quantitatively analyzed from the overall and comparative perspective through an evaluation model.Results and Conclusion The average PMC index of 15 centralized drug procurement policies was 6.95,which was acceptable on the whole.Among them,eight were excellent and seven were acceptable.As to the first-order variables,the centralized drugs procurement policy still lacks incentives and constraints.The comparative results show that there are differences in the content and structure of policies,but they are strongly related to each other.Chinese centralized drug procurement policy has been basically formed,which is closely related to medical insurance and medical policies.However,it is still necessary to pay attention to the structure of the policy to ensure the elaboration of the policy content.
基金supported by the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20230018072011)。
文摘3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one(NTO)is a typical high-energy,low-sensitivity explosive,and accurate concentration monitoring is critical for crystallization process control.In this study,a high-precision quantitative analytical model for NTO concentration in ethanol solutions was developed by integrating real-time ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with chemometric and machine learning techniques.Dynamic spectral data were obtained by designing multi-concentration gradient heating-cooling cycle experiments,abnormal samples were eliminated using the isolation forest algorithm,and the effects of various preprocessing methods on model performance were systematically evaluated.The results show that partial least squares regression(PLSR)exhibits superior generalization ability compared to other models.Vibrational bands corresponding to C=O and–NO_(2)were identified as key predictors for concentration estimation.This work provides an efficient and reliable solution for real-time concentration monitoring during NTO crystallization and holds significant potential for process analytical applications in energetic material manufacturing.
基金Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the 11thFive-Year Plan Period (Grant No.2008BAI51B02)National Natural Science Fund Project of China (Grant No. 81202904)
文摘Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction （HLJDD） has been widely used for the treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） in clinic. However, the relationship between its chemical profile and neuroprotective bioactivity was not clearly clarified yet. In present study, the water extract of HLJDD and subsequent three polarity fractions divided by different reagents were investigated. A total of 17 chromatographic peaks were confirmed by comparison with standards and their UV, MS spectra. Among them, 11 major compounds were determined by HPLC-DAD method with good linear regression relationship （r2, 0.9994-0.9999）, precisions （inter-day precision RSD, 0.79%-1.07%; intra-day precision RSD, 1.59%-2.10%）, repeatability （RSD, 1.66%-3.67%）, stability （RSD, 1.26%-4.77%） and recovery （95.24%-105.41%, RSD, 0.29%-2.69%）. Furthermore, PC12 cells and primary neurons cells were used for the neuroprotective effective assessment of aforementioned four samples from HLJDD. 3＂he total aqueous extract and n-butanol extract of HLJDD presented more significant effects than the other two parts. According to their quality and quantity determination results, iridoids and alkaloids have a positive correlation with the neuroprotective effectiveness of HLJDD.
基金Scientific and Technological Innovation Project Foundation of Shanxi,China(Grant No.20090321099)
文摘A reliable and accurate HPLC/UV method was developed for the quantitative determination of astragaloside IV in ＇Huang-Qi-Si-Wu＇ Capsules, a widely used prescription of traditional Chinese medicines （TCM）. The chromatographic separation conditions employed for HPLC/UV were optimized using a Hypersil-ODS column （250 mm^4.6 mm, 5.0 pm） with isocratic elution. Acetonitrile-water （32：68, v/v） were used as the mobile phase pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a detection wavelength at 203 nm was used. The method was fully validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity and robustness. The validated method was applied successfully to the quantification of astragaloside IV in the extract of ＇Huang-Qi- Si-Wu＇ Capsules from different production batches. The results indicate that the established HPLC/UV method is suitable for the quantitative analysis and quality control of ＇Huang-Qi-Si-Wu＇ Capsules and other related botanical drugs.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFC1702400,2018YFC1707300 and 2018YFC1707904)
文摘In the present study, a method for the quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of echinacoside(ECH), tubuloside A, acteoside, isoacteoside, and2’-acetylacteoside in Cistanches Herba. ECH was used as the internal standard(IS) to obtain the relative correction factors(RCFs) of the other four phenylethanoid glycosides(PhGs);meanwhile, various influencing factors on RCFs were investigated under different conditions. The content of each component was calculated with RCF. The results were compared with those obtained by the external standard method(ESM) to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the established QAMS method. No significant difference was found in the quantitative results of 10 batches of Cistanches Herba between QAMS and ESM. The proposed QAMS method for simultaneous determination of PhGs in Cistanches Herba is accurate and feasible, providing an efficient and economical approach for the quality control of Cistanches Herba.
基金supported by the Funds for the program of the National Natural Science Foundation (Noes. 41572060, U1133602)Projects of YM Lab (2011)Innovation Team of Yunnan province and KMUST (2008,2012)
文摘1 Introduction The super-large Huize lead-zinc ore district is one of the most representative lead-zinc deposits in Northeastern Yunnan poly-metallic deposit concentration district.So far,studies(Liu and Lin,1999;Han et al.,2007)on the type of deposits like the Huize lead-zinc deposit,focused on deposit genesis,the sources of metallogenic materials,
文摘pH-fixed titration method for the determination of weak acids and bases has been studied in this paper.It is not necessary to know the ionization constant of weak acid or base and the concentration of titrant. This method had been applied to determine phenol,4-aminoantipyrine and glycine,whose ionization constants range from 10^(-10)to 10^(-12).The results were satisfactory.
文摘Incidence of Armillaria infection was quantified based on site factors in New Zealand Pinus radiata plantations.A linear multiple regression model was derived to predict infection levels of Armillaria root rot.Factors positivily associated with the infection were:previous vegetation（native bush,pine）;soil type（pumice）;landform （valley,gully,flat）and the interaction between them.This model could assist in management planning with regard to the predisposition of particular stand to Armillaria infection.Keywods:Armillaria root rot,Disease incidence,Site factors,Quantification,Pinus radiata.
文摘A micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MECC) method with sodium cholate as pseudostationary phase was proposed for the separation and quantitation of two analgesic formulations containing acetaminophen, dextro-methorphan hydrobromide, phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, and chlorpheniramine maleate. The internal standard method was proved to be able to yield satisfactory results even with a modular CE instrument with RSD between 0.6 similar to 2.1%, and recoveries ranging from 98.1 similar to 99.9%.
文摘Two capillary electrophoresis methods were developed for the determination of the active constituents in four anti-hrpertensive formulations.These active constituents are nitrendipine and atenolol in Tabellae Nile, and hydrochlorothiazide, amiloride hydrochloride, captopril, and enalapril maleate in three other tablet formulations,respectively. The internal standard method was employed for quantitation with RSD between 1 .2~4.3%, recoveries ranging from 93. 1 ~ 101 .0%.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No30725045)the Foundation of Eleventh Five-Year-Plan of China(No2008ZX09202-002)+1 种基金the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project, China(NoB906)the Scientific Foundation of Shanghai City, China(No07DZ19702)
文摘A combined method of high performance liquid chromatograph-elecrtrospray-ionization mass spectrometer（HPLC-ESI-MS/MS） coupled with a photodiode array detector（HPLC-DAD） and principal component analysis（PCA） was applied to the qualitative and quantitative analyses of alkaloids in Cortex Phellodendri（CP） samples, and to the differentiation of two species of CP, Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis（CPC） and Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis（CPA）. Twenty-two peaks appeared in the HPLC-MS base peak chromatogram of CP detected by the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, and the alkaloids were identified according to the MSn data, the known MS fragmentation rules and the literature data. Five alkaloids including berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, phellodendrine and magnoflorine were simultaneously determinated by the HPLC-DAD. Berberine was the primary component in all CP samples, and the contents of berberine and palmatine were exploited to be two critical parameters for effective discrimination between the two species of CP. The average content of berberine in CPC（58.75 mg/g） was higher than that in CPA（9.16 mg/g）, while the content of palmatine was less, only 0.25 mg/g in CPC and 4.19 mg/g in CPA. With the use of PCA, samples datasets were separated successfully into two different clusters corresponding to the two species, and berberine, pahnatine, phellodendrine and magnoflorine contribute most to the above mentioned calssifying . The proposed method oroved to be a useful tool in the aualitv control of Chinese herbal medicines.
基金Project supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China (Nos.40801167 and 2006BAD05B05)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX3-SW-356)the Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for the Field Stations of Resources and Environment
文摘Several studies have demonstrated that soil reflectance decreases with increasing soil moisture content, or increases when the soil moisture reaches a certain content; however, there are few analyses on the quantitative relationship between soil reflectance and its moisture, especially in the case of black soils in northeast China. A new moisture adjusting method was developed to obtain soil reflectance with a smaller moisture interval to describe the quantitative relationship between soil reflectance and moisture. For the soil samples with moisture contents ranging from air-dry to saturated, the changes in soil reflectance with soil moisture can be depicted using a cubic equation. Both moisture threshold (MT) and moisture inflexion (MI) of soil reflectance can also be determined by the equation. When the moisture range was smaller than MT, soil reflectance can be simulated with a linear model. However, for samples with different soil organic matter (OM), the parameters of the linear model varied regularly with the OM content. Based on their relationship, the soil moisture can be estimated from soil reflectance in the black soil region.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFF0102502)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(No.QYZDJ-SSW-JSC037)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS,Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC1807110)。
文摘In the spectral analysis of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,abundant characteristic spectral lines and severe interference information exist simultaneously in the original spectral data.Here,a feature selection method called recursive feature elimination based on ridge regression(Ridge-RFE)for the original spectral data is recommended to make full use of the valid information of spectra.In the Ridge-RFE method,the absolute value of the ridge regression coefficient was used as a criterion to screen spectral characteristic,the feature with the absolute value of minimum weight in the input subset features was removed by recursive feature elimination(RFE),and the selected features were used as inputs of the partial least squares regression(PLS)model.The Ridge-RFE method based PLS model was used to measure the Fe,Si,Mg,Cu,Zn and Mn for 51 aluminum alloy samples,and the results showed that the root mean square error of prediction decreased greatly compared to the PLS model with full spectrum as input.The overall results demonstrate that the Ridge-RFE method is more efficient to extract the redundant features,make PLS model for better quantitative analysis results and improve model generalization ability.
基金CAS Strategic Priority Research Program,No.XDA19030204CAS Western Light Program,No.2015-XBQN-B-17
文摘Quantitative analysis of the impact factors in energy-related CO2 emissions serves as an important guide for reducing carbon emissions and building an environmentally-friendly society. This paper aims to use LMDI method and a modified STIRPAT model to research the conventional energy-related CO_2 emissions in Kazakhstan after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The results show that the trajectory of CO2 emissions displayed U-shaped curve from 1992 to 2013. Based on the extended Kaya identity and additive LMDI method, we decomposed total CO2 emissions into four influencing factors. Of those, the economic active effect is the most influential factor driving CO2 emissions, which produced 110.86 Mt CO2 emissions, with a contribution rate of 43.92%. The second driving factor is the population effect, which led to 11.87 Mt CO2 emissions with a contribution rate of 4.7%. On the contrary, the energy intensity effect is the most inhibiting factor, which caused –110.90 Mt CO2 emissions with a contribution rate of –43.94%, followed by the energy carbon structure effect resulting in –18.76 Mt CO2 emissions with a contribution rate of –7.43%. In order to provide an in-depth examination of the change response between energy-related CO2 emissions and each impact factor, we construct a modified STIRPAT model based on ridge regression estimation. The results indicate that for every 1% increase in population size, economic activity, energy intensity and energy carbon structure, there is a subsequent increase in CO_2 emissions of 3.13%, 0.41%, 0.30% and 0.63%, respectively.
基金Item Sponsored by National Key Technology Research and Development Programin 11th Five-Year Plan of China(2006BAE03A00,2008BAE67B01)
文摘The granulation of blast furnace slag （BFS） with water quenching treatment has some disadvantages, such as high water consumption and difficulty for recovery heat. So developing a new dry granulation technique to treat BFS is very important. The applicability of BFS directly depends on the content of non-crystalline solids in the slag after treatment. So it is of theoretical and practical significance to analyze the content of non-crystalline solids in the slag quantitatively and simply. Metallographical test is mainly adopted to quantify the non-crystalline in BFS so far with the shortages such as complex sample, difficult determination, ect. The diffraction intensity of non-crystalline is proportionate to the content of non-crystalline in BFS, ~ray diffraction method was adopted to quantify the noncrystalline and the crystalline solids in BFS. The quantitative coefficient between the crystalline and the non-crystalline solids of BFS is 0.70 of BFS whose main composition （mass percent, %） is： CaO 38.2, SiO2 35.7, Al2Oa 16.3, and MgO 8.3. The relative error of X-ray diffractometer for quantitatively analyzing non-crystalline content of BFS is less than 1%.
基金Under the auspices of the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (No 2005CB724201)
文摘Ecological footprint （EF） has attracted much attention internationally as a potential indicator for sustainable development. In China, EF has also gained recognition in related fields and disciplines. Moreover, some scholars in these fields have proposed alternative methods to calculate EF and have made some progress. This paper, therefore, begins with the introduction and development of EF in China. However, the established methods of EF calculation hold some limitations, such as indicator variance and result abnormality. In order to resolve those problems, the authors make a further modification considering the demand of EF as a comprehensive indicator： 1） More accurate analysis has been done to divide EF into several parts： imported EF, exported EF, and producible EF, which is the solution to the problem of abnormality in original EF results and can explain abnormal phenomena reasonably. 2） Considering the actual situa- tion of Shanghai, emended equivalence factor is brought forward and a matrix is formed with equivalence factors. The measure can reduce the deviation between the fact and the results. 3） The calculation compares local yield with global average yield to analyze the effects of yields. And based on local yields in different years, the results are more accurate. Finally, the calculation method is applied to calculating EF of Shanghai from 1980 to 2003, and the subsequent detailed analysis is presented. Available data and results suggest a statistically significant correlation coefficient between EF and GDP, population density and urbaniTation level. Through analyzing the process of calculating EF and its results, it can be seen that EF, as a macro-indicator, can not exactly indicate whether development within a region can meet the re- quests of sustainable development, which can be explained by the fact that the result of EF is impacted greatly by sub- jective factors including national policy,available technology, population, etc. Nevertheless, EF can demonstrate, at least to some degree, the regional status in terms of resources and energy consumption, as well as developmental potential. The calculation of EF, therefore, deserves further research to achieve more far-reaching significance in application.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40371003 Ministry of Education of China, No.01158 Master Research Project of Shaanxi Normal University
文摘Using the theory and method of the ecological footprint, and combining the changes of regional land use, resource environment, population, society and economy, this paper calculated the ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and ecological surplus/loss in 1986-2002 on the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province. What is more, this paper has put forward the concept of ecological pressure index, set up ecological pressure index models, and ecological security grading systems, and the prediction models of different ecological footprints, ecological carrying capacity, ecological surplus and ecological safety change, and also has assessed the ecological footprint demands of 10,000 yuan GDE The results of this study are as follows： （1） the ecological carrying capacity in northern Shaanxi shows a decreasing trend, the difference of reducing range is the fastest; （2） the ecological footprint appears an increasing trend; （3） ecological pressure index rose to 0.91 from 0.44 during 1986-2002 on the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi with an increase of 47%; and （4） the ecological security in the study area is in a critical state, and the ecological oressure index has been increasing rapidlv.
文摘In this paper, a double artificial neural network （DANN） algorithm was used to parse near infrared （NIR） reflectance spectrum of Cofrel medicines. The contents of benproperine phosphate, which is the effective ingredient in Cofrel medicines, were accurately nondestructive quantitatively predicted. Compared the results with those of HPLC, the relative errors （RE %） were less than 0.18%. The analytical results could be applied to qualitative control of Cofrel medicines.
文摘Microstructure of the eco-material combining vegetation recovery with slope protection is important for determining plant-growing properties.Several techniques for analyzing the eco-material microstructure are presented,including the freeze-cut-drying method of preparing samples for scanning electronic microscopy (SEM),the SEM image processing technique and quantifying analysis method of the SEM images,and etc.The aggregates and pores in SEM images are identified using the different mathematics operators,and their effects are compared.The areas of aggregates and pores are obtained using the operator of morphology,and the influences of different thresholds in image segmentation are also discussed.The results show that the method,in which the variation of non-maximum grey-level gradient is limited,improves the effect of edge detections due to a weak distinction existing at the edge between the aggregates and pores in image.The determination of the threshold should combine the image characteristic with filling operation,so as to assure the precision of the image analysis,in which the contact-segmentation is the simplest and most effective method.The results also show that the pore areas in eco-materials are generally larger than those in the correlative soils,and their increment is large as soil fabric being fine.These differences are related to admixture of expansive perlitic.The operator of morphology provides a new method for the image analysis of other porous material microstructure such as soils and concretes.
基金Supported by National Technology Support Program(2006BAJ05A13)National Technology Support Program(2007BAD89B15)Technology Support Program of Sichuan Province(2009NZ0051)
文摘Based on the data concerning detailed survey on land in the year 2009 and land change in the year 2010 in Rong County,a mountainous region of Sichuan Province,by using quantitative geographical model,we conduct quantitative analysis of the status quo of land use in Rong County in terms of land use diversification,land use centralization,land use combination type,land use geographic significance and comprehensive use degree of land use.The results show some characteristics as follows.Firstly,land use in study area displays prominent characteristic of diversification;there is a high degree of completeness land use type;there is a great similarity among towns.Secondly,there is limited combination number of land use type;mostly the combination number of the towns is 2-3;the holistic function of regional land is fragile;the proportion of farmland areas is big,reaching 40.09%;the land use type of 21 towns is farmland.Thirdly,the towns with prominent characteristic of diversification of land use in Rong County,have low degree of centralization of land use and relatively big combination number of land use type,and vice versa.Fourthly,the type and quantity of agricultural land resources with geographical significance are relatively complete with nothing missing;it abounds in untapped land,but the overall index values of land use are all smaller than 300,with low overall use degree of land.
