With the rapid development of the aviation industry,air travel has become one of the most important modes.Improving the service quality of civil aviation airports is crucial to their competitiveness.This study intends...With the rapid development of the aviation industry,air travel has become one of the most important modes.Improving the service quality of civil aviation airports is crucial to their competitiveness.This study intends to develop a scientific and rational evaluation methodology and framework for assessing service quality in civil aviation airports,thereby providing a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for enhancing service standards in the aviation industry.First,the study constructs a CRITIC-bidirectional grey possibility clustering model,which uses the CRITIC method to determine the weights of indicators and integrates the forward grey possibility clustering model and the inverse grey possibility clustering model to determine possibility functions from two perspectives.Second,a service quality evaluation index system for civil airports is constructed from four dimensions,and the weights of each index within the system are subsequently calculated.Finally,the constructed model is applied to evaluate the service quality of nine domestic civil airports.Based on the clustering results,targeted countermeasures and suggestions are proposed.Empirical results demonstrate that,compared to the traditional grey possibility clustering model,the proposed model balances the objectivity of indicator weighting,the objectivity of possibility function construction,and the simplicity of the computational process,thereby possessing significant theoretical and practical implications.展开更多
This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standar...This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.展开更多
Google Gemini 1.5 Flash scores were compared with ChatGPT 4o-mini on evaluations of(a)51 of the author’s journal articles and(b)up to 200 articles in each of 34 field-based Units of Assessment(UoAs)from the UK Resear...Google Gemini 1.5 Flash scores were compared with ChatGPT 4o-mini on evaluations of(a)51 of the author’s journal articles and(b)up to 200 articles in each of 34 field-based Units of Assessment(UoAs)from the UK Research Excellence Framework(REF)2021.From(a),the results suggest that Gemini 1.5 Flash,unlike ChatGPT 4o-mini,may work better when fed with a PDF or article full text,rather than just the title and abstract.From(b),Gemini 1.5 Flash seems to be marginally less able to predict an article’s research quality(using a departmental quality proxy indicator)than ChatGPT 4o-mini,although the differences are small,and both have similar disciplinary variations in this ability.Averaging multiple runs of Gemini 1.5 Flash improves the scores.展开更多
Background:Rosa chinensis Jacq.and Rosa rugosa Thunb.are not only of ornamental value,but also edible flowers and the flower buds have been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as traditional medicines.The two plants h...Background:Rosa chinensis Jacq.and Rosa rugosa Thunb.are not only of ornamental value,but also edible flowers and the flower buds have been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as traditional medicines.The two plants have some differences in efficacy,but the flower buds are easily confused for similar traits.In addition,large-scale cultivation of ornamental rose flowers may lead to a decrease in the effective components of medicinal roses.Therefore,it is necessary to study the chemical composition and make quality evaluation of Rosae Chinensis Flos(Yueji)and Rosae Rugosae Flos(Meigui).Methods:In this study,40 batches of samples including Meigui and Yueji from different regions in China were collected to establish high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints.Then,the fingerprints data was analyzed using principal component analysis,hierarchical cluster analysis,and partial least squares discriminant analysis analysis chemometrics to obtain information on intergroup differences,and non-targeted metabolomic techniques were applied to identify and compare chemical compositions of samples which were chosen from groups with large differences.Differential compounds were screened by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and S-plot,and finally multi-component quantification was performed to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Yueji and Meigui.Results:The similarity between the fingerprints of 40 batches roses and the reference print R was 0.73 to 0.93,indicating that there were similarities and differences between the samples.Through principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of fingerprints data,the samples from different origins and varieties were intuitively divided into four groups.Partial least-squares discriminant analysis analysis showed that Meigui and Yueji cluster into two categories and the model was reliable.A total of 89 compounds were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry,mainly were flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides,as well as phenolic acids.Eight differential components were screened out by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and S-plot analysis.Quantitative analyses of the eight compounds,including gallic acid,ellagic acid,hyperoside,isoquercitrin,etc.,showed that Yueji was generally richer in phenolic acids and flavonoids than Meigui,and the quality of Yueji from Shandong and Hebei was better.It is worth noting that Xinjiang rose is rich in various components,which is worth focusing on more in-depth research.Conclusion:In this study,the fingerprints of Meigui and Yueji were established.The chemical components information of roses was further improved based on non-targeted metabolomics and mass spectrometry technology.At the same time,eight differential components of Meigui and Yueji were screened out and quantitatively analyzed.The research results provided a scientific basis for the quality control and rational development and utilization of Rosae Chinensis Flos and Rosae Rugosae Flos,and also laid a foundation for the study of their pharmacodynamic material basis.展开更多
Evaluating soil quality(SQ)is crucial for ensuring the long-term stability of restored slope ecosystems,yet selecting efficient assessment methods remains challenging.The aim of this study was to develop a targeted SQ...Evaluating soil quality(SQ)is crucial for ensuring the long-term stability of restored slope ecosystems,yet selecting efficient assessment methods remains challenging.The aim of this study was to develop a targeted SQ evaluation system to compare the differences in the effectiveness of ecological restoration methods for slopes.We analysed the characteristics of 18 soil physicochemical and biological indices within a total data set(TDS)for five restored slopes with distinct ecological restoration techniques and three untreated slopes(as the control)in Yichang,China.Principal component analysis,entropy weight method,and Norm were employed to identify a minimum data set(MDS)and four soil quality index(SQI)models,linear unweighted(SQI_(L-A)),linear weighted(SQI_(L-W)),nonlinear unweighted(SQI_(NL-A)),and nonlinear weighted(SQI_(NL-W)),were used to comprehensively evaluate the MDS-based SQ.The results revealed that(1)MDS,consisting of microbial biomass carbon(MBC),microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP),microbial biomass quotient(qMBC),catalase(CAT),and bulk density(BD),effectively characterized the SQ of the ecological restoration slopes;(2)the SQI_(NL-W)model demonstrated superior discrimination among different ecological restoration slopes,with a significantly greater coefficient of determination(R^(2)=0.881,P<0.01)than other SQI models;and(3)all five ecological restoration techniques effectively improved SQ of slope to varying degrees,elevating it from low to high levels,with the vegetative cement-soil eco-restoration&vegetation concrete eco-restoration technique demonstrating the best effect(SQI_(NL-W)=0.627).Our study developed a practical SQ evaluation system based on the validated MDS and the most suitable SQI model(SQI_(NL-W)).This system enables reliable assessment on the effectiveness of restoration techniques.展开更多
Objective To systematically evaluate the overall characteristics and quality of literature on economic evaluation of drugs for type 2 diabetes,and to provide recommendations for future research and related decision-ma...Objective To systematically evaluate the overall characteristics and quality of literature on economic evaluation of drugs for type 2 diabetes,and to provide recommendations for future research and related decision-making.Methods The economic evaluation literature on drugs for type 2 diabetes based on the Chinese population were searched from CNKI,Wanfang,VIP and PubMed databases.The literature that met the inclusion criteria was selected,and the key research elements were extracted.Meanwhile,the quality of health economics studies(QHES)was used to evaluate the quality of the literature.Results and Conclusion A total of 325 articles(296 in Chinese and 29 in English)were included.Most of the studies were conducted by medical institutions(247 articles,76.0%)and they used cost-effectiveness analysis(295 articles,90.8%).However,most of the included literature did not report study perspective(267 articles,90.2%).The average QHES score of the included literature was 57.29,and the quality of the literature was concentrated in“low quality”(123 articles,37.8%)and“average quality”(138 articles,42.5%).Literature published in English journals,or using modeling methods,or from universities had relatively higher quality.The quality of economic evaluation literature on drugs for type 2 diabetes based on the Chinese population is generally low at present.There are many problems,such as single research institutions and methods,lack of research perspectives,and no sensitivity analysis.展开更多
In order to identify the nutrient level and environmental quality of paddy fields in Wanchang area,and to provide scientific basis and technical support for planting rice in Wanchang area, the soil geochemicalsurvey w...In order to identify the nutrient level and environmental quality of paddy fields in Wanchang area,and to provide scientific basis and technical support for planting rice in Wanchang area, the soil geochemicalsurvey was carried out, 30 samples were collected from paddy soil in Wanchang area, and 20 elements(indicators) were analyzed. The characterization of the elemental content of soils in the study area was carriedout, and the geochemical level for soil nutrients, the geochemical level for the soil environment, and thecomprehensive geochemical level of soil quality were evaluated. The results showed that the average valuesof K content and pH of the soil in the study area were smaller than the background values of Jilin Province,and the average values of 18 elements including N, P, Ca, S, Pb, Zn etc. were bigger than the backgroundvalues of Jilin Province. The results of the evaluation of soil single element nutrient in the study area showedthat the available state nutrient levels of Mn, Zn, Cu, and K increased compared with the total amounts ofnutrients level, with Cu increasing the most;the available state nutrient level of N, P, B, and Mo decreasedcompared with the total amounts of nutrients level, with Mo decreasing the most. The comprehensive levelof soil nutrients geochemistry in paddy fields was mainly Level III (medium), accounting for 53.33%, andthe low abundance level was caused by the lack of P element;the comprehensive level of soil environmentalgeochemistry was mainly Level I (clean), accounting for 96.67%, with only slight pollution caused byCd. The comprehensive geochemical level of soil quality was mainly Level II, accounting for 66.67%.Suggestions were put forward for the rational utilization of soil resources in paddy fields in the study area.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the quality of Lygodium japonicum(Thunb.)Sw.(L.japonicum,Hai Jin Sha)by comparing its components without stewed(W)and stewed(S)using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography(UHPLC)and chemome...Objective:To evaluate the quality of Lygodium japonicum(Thunb.)Sw.(L.japonicum,Hai Jin Sha)by comparing its components without stewed(W)and stewed(S)using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography(UHPLC)and chemometric analysis.Additionally,network pharmacology was employed to investigate the possible mechanisms of action of L.japonicum in the urinary calculi(UC)treatment.Methods:A fingerprinting method was established to identify components through UHPLC-tandem mass spectrometry.Chemometric techniques were used to compare the L.japonicum extraction methods.Furthermore,various network pharmacological approaches were used to identify and analyze the potential targets of the identified components in relation to UC.Results:The W and S extracts were distributed into two distinct clusters.Significant differences in the levels of protocatechuic aldehyde,caffeic acid,and p-coumaric acid were observed between S and W.Network pharmacology analysis revealed that the primary targets of L.japonicum in the UC treatment were serum albumin and epidermal growth factor receptors,with potential active components including protocatechuic acid and caffeic acid.Conclusion:This study comprehensively examined the therapeutic components of L.japonicum before and after boiling,shedding light on its potential mechanisms of action in UC treatment.These findings offer valuable insights into the development and utilization of L.japonicum resources.展开更多
With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence technologies,represented by large language models,university-level computer science education is undergoing a critical transition-from knowledge-based i...With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence technologies,represented by large language models,university-level computer science education is undergoing a critical transition-from knowledge-based instruction to competency-oriented teaching.A postgraduate student competency evaluation model can serve as a framework to organize and guide both teaching and research activities at the postgraduate level.A number of relevant research efforts have already been conducted in this area.Graduate education plays a vital role not only as a continuation and enhancement of undergraduate education but also as essential preparation for future research endeavors.An analysis of the acceptance of competency evaluation models refers to the assessment of how various stakeholders perceive the importance of different components within the model.Investigating the degree of acceptance among diverse groups-such as current undergraduate students,current postgraduate students,graduates with less than three years of work experience,and those with more than three years of work experience-can offer valuable insights for improving and optimizing postgraduate education and training practices.展开更多
Teaching quality is the core guarantee for universities to achieve their talent cultivation goals,and teaching supervision,as an important means of monitoring teaching quality,runs through the entire process of teachi...Teaching quality is the core guarantee for universities to achieve their talent cultivation goals,and teaching supervision,as an important means of monitoring teaching quality,runs through the entire process of teaching management.Based on the teaching quality report of School A at University Z for the autumn semester of 2024,this paper systematically analyzes the current situation,problems,and causes of the teaching supervision mechanism through multi-dimensional data analysis of expert classroom observation,peer evaluation,and classroom feedback.On this basis,combined with the application prospects of artificial intelligence technology,it proposes paths to optimize the teaching supervision mechanism,including improving the classroom observation feedback mechanism,increasing supervision coverage,and strengthening the linkage between feedback and teaching reform,providing practical experience and theoretical support for improving teaching quality in universities.展开更多
With the rapid advancement of information technology,the quality assurance and evaluation of software engineering education have become pivotal concerns for higher education institutions.In this paper,we focus on a co...With the rapid advancement of information technology,the quality assurance and evaluation of software engineering education have become pivotal concerns for higher education institutions.In this paper,we focus on a comparative study of software engineering education in China and Europe,aiming to explore the theoretical frameworks and practical pathways employed in both regions.Initially,we introduce and contrast the engineering education accreditation systems of China and Europe,including the Chinese engineering education accreditation framework and the European EUR-ACE(European Accreditation of Engineering Programmes)standards,highlighting their core principles and evaluation methodologies.Subsequently,we provide case studies of several universities in China and Europe,such as Sun Yat-sen University,Tsinghua University,Technical University of Munich,and Imperial College London.Finally,we offer recommendations to foster mutual learning and collaboration between Chinese and European institutions,aiming to enhance the overall quality of software engineering education globally.This work provides valuable insights for educational administrators,faculty members,and policymakers,contributing to the ongoing improvement and innovative development of software engineering education in China and Europe.展开更多
In the present study, we established an UPLC-QTOF-MSE based metabolomic approach in order to evaluate the holistic qualities and compare the quality difference by finding characteristic components of Panax notoginseng...In the present study, we established an UPLC-QTOF-MSE based metabolomic approach in order to evaluate the holistic qualities and compare the quality difference by finding characteristic components of Panax notoginseng extracts （PNE） and Xuesaitong （XST） injection samples from different manufacturers. The data were processed through unsupervised principal component analysis （PCA） and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis （OPLS-DA） to compare the quality differences. Two-dimensional PCA score plots showed a tendency to separate the XST injections and extracts, and most XST injection samples were clearly clustered into two groups. Especially, the injections from He and YB companies were distinguished into two groups. In addition, only injection samples of Hu company were near the cluster of PNE. To explore the potential chemical components contributing most to the differences between XST injection samples from different manufacturers and PNE, an S-plot was constructed following the OPLS-DA. Ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rgl, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rbl, 20（S）-ginsenoside Rhl, gypenoside VII, ginsenoside Rg2, ginsenoside Rh4, ginsenoside Rkl or Rgs, notoginsenoside Fc, 20（R）-ginsenoside Rg3, ginsenoside F2 and protopanaxadiol were recognized as characteristic chemical markers that contributed most to reflect the difference between XST injections and PNE. Ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rgl, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rbl and gypenoside VII were revealed as index components contributing most to the differences of PNE and XST injections, and quantitative analysis of these components could ensure the consistent quality of XST injections. Based on the fact that the injections should be standardized with the characteristic components as quality control chemical markers, it is most important to keep the quality of extracts of raw materials stable and reliable.展开更多
Radix Astragali （Huangqi） is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. It is used in the traditional Chinese medicine to reinforce ＇qi＇, and it has immunostimulant, tonic, and antioxidant activ...Radix Astragali （Huangqi） is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. It is used in the traditional Chinese medicine to reinforce ＇qi＇, and it has immunostimulant, tonic, and antioxidant activities. There are many different sources of Huangqi in the market. In this study, the quality of Huangqi was evaluated by the measurement of four flavonoids, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, ononin, calycosin and formononetin with HPLC-UV, as well as astragaloside IV with HPLC-ELSD. Samples included different plant species, different places of cultivation, different ages of plants, different seasons of collection and different commercial specifications. The results showed that the contents of isoflavonoids and astragaloside IV varied significantly in different sources. Our study provided useful information for the quality evaluation of Radix Astragali.展开更多
Taking the Technical Specifications of Eco-environmental Quality Assessment enacted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2006 as the conceptual framework model and improving some indices and weights...Taking the Technical Specifications of Eco-environmental Quality Assessment enacted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2006 as the conceptual framework model and improving some indices and weights in the regulation,the eco-environmental assessment index system for Manas River Basin was established,and the eco-environmental quality index (EQI) of this basin from 1976 to 2005 was assessed based on the related data.The results indicated that the ecological quality index increased to 48.26 from 34.44 during 1976-2005.The biologic abundance index,vegetation coverage index and land deterioration index decreased,while there was an increase in water reticulation density index,environmental quality index and pollution load index,so the improvement and deterioration of the ecological environment coexisted in the basin.On the whole,the poor state of the basin ecological environment had turned into a general state,and the eco-environmental quality was developed towards favorable circle.The results also showed that the improved calculating method of EQI accorded with the actual situation of the research area.展开更多
Ulansuhai Lake is the important component part of irrigation and drainage system in Hetao irrigation region of Inner Mongolia.We applied the attribute recognition method in the summer water quality evaluation of Ulans...Ulansuhai Lake is the important component part of irrigation and drainage system in Hetao irrigation region of Inner Mongolia.We applied the attribute recognition method in the summer water quality evaluation of Ulansuhai Lake and divided according to the lake situation.The water quality in every area was analyzed,and the water quality situations in Ulansuhai Lake in 2006 and 2008 summer were gained.It provided the scientific basis for the effective utilization and the pollution treatment of Ulansuhai Lake.展开更多
ln order to appraise scientifical y the heavy metal contamination in waste-land of coalmine tailing in Mingshan of Guangdong, the 5 soil samples in wasteland of coalmine tailing were col ected in November 2010 to Marc...ln order to appraise scientifical y the heavy metal contamination in waste-land of coalmine tailing in Mingshan of Guangdong, the 5 soil samples in wasteland of coalmine tailing were col ected in November 2010 to March 2011. The 7 heavy metals content in the contaminated soil was measured by atomic absorption spec-trophotometry. The results showed the pH of the wasteland soil ranged from 2.87 to 6.16, and the soil was relatively infertile. The soil was mainly pol uted by Cd and Mn. The Cd content in wasteland soil ranged from 0.759 mg/kg to 3.109 mg/kg with an average content of 2.052 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Mn content ranged from 387.057 to 488.660 mg/kg with an average content of 421.215 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Nemerow integrated pol ution indexes showed the sample 1, sample 4 and sample 5 were of heavy pol ution, and sample 2 and sample 3 were of moderate pol ution.展开更多
Considering the difficulty of fuzzy synthetic evaluation method in calculation of the multiple factors and ignorance of the relationship among evaluating objects, a new weight evaluation process using entropy method w...Considering the difficulty of fuzzy synthetic evaluation method in calculation of the multiple factors and ignorance of the relationship among evaluating objects, a new weight evaluation process using entropy method was introduced. This improved method for determination of weight of the evaluating indicators was applied in water quality assessment of the Three Gorges reservoir area. The results showed that this method was favorable for fuzzy synthetic evaluation when there were more than one evaluating objects. One calculation was enough for calculating every monitoring point. Compared with the original evaluation method, the method predigested the fuzzy synthetic evaluation process greatly and the evaluation results are more reasonable.展开更多
Matter-element analysis method was used to construct the comprehensive matter-element model for the evaluation of the quality of various kinds of irrigation water in Turpan City to evaluate the quality of irrigation w...Matter-element analysis method was used to construct the comprehensive matter-element model for the evaluation of the quality of various kinds of irrigation water in Turpan City to evaluate the quality of irrigation water（such as river water,spring water, Karez well water, pumped well water） in Turpan City, Xinjiang. The results showed that the quality of the irrigation water was the best in October,which was in Grade I or Grade 2; in May, the quality of some of the irrigation water became poorer to Grade II, which was easy to soil salinization; in March, the detected qualities of the water samples water from the Meiyaogou basin were all in Grade IV, which was not suitable for farmland irrigation. The comparison on the evaluation results of matter-element analysis and fuzzy evaluation method showed that the results of the 2 methods were almost consistent with each other, and showed good uniformity.展开更多
A fuzzy neural network model is proposed to evaluate water quality. The model contains two parts： first, fuzzy mathematics theory is used to standardize the samples; second, the RBF neural network and the BP neural n...A fuzzy neural network model is proposed to evaluate water quality. The model contains two parts： first, fuzzy mathematics theory is used to standardize the samples; second, the RBF neural network and the BP neural network are used to train the standardized samples. The proposed model was applied to assess the water quality of 16 sections in 9 rivers in the Shaoguan area in 2005. The evaluation result was compared with that of the RBF neural network method and the reported results in the Shaoguan area in 2005. It indicated that the performance of the proposed fuzzy neural network model is practically feasible in the application of water quality assessment and its operation is simple.展开更多
基金support supplied by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.72571136,72271120)the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China Humanities and Social Science project(No.24YJA630087)。
文摘With the rapid development of the aviation industry,air travel has become one of the most important modes.Improving the service quality of civil aviation airports is crucial to their competitiveness.This study intends to develop a scientific and rational evaluation methodology and framework for assessing service quality in civil aviation airports,thereby providing a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for enhancing service standards in the aviation industry.First,the study constructs a CRITIC-bidirectional grey possibility clustering model,which uses the CRITIC method to determine the weights of indicators and integrates the forward grey possibility clustering model and the inverse grey possibility clustering model to determine possibility functions from two perspectives.Second,a service quality evaluation index system for civil airports is constructed from four dimensions,and the weights of each index within the system are subsequently calculated.Finally,the constructed model is applied to evaluate the service quality of nine domestic civil airports.Based on the clustering results,targeted countermeasures and suggestions are proposed.Empirical results demonstrate that,compared to the traditional grey possibility clustering model,the proposed model balances the objectivity of indicator weighting,the objectivity of possibility function construction,and the simplicity of the computational process,thereby possessing significant theoretical and practical implications.
文摘This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
文摘Google Gemini 1.5 Flash scores were compared with ChatGPT 4o-mini on evaluations of(a)51 of the author’s journal articles and(b)up to 200 articles in each of 34 field-based Units of Assessment(UoAs)from the UK Research Excellence Framework(REF)2021.From(a),the results suggest that Gemini 1.5 Flash,unlike ChatGPT 4o-mini,may work better when fed with a PDF or article full text,rather than just the title and abstract.From(b),Gemini 1.5 Flash seems to be marginally less able to predict an article’s research quality(using a departmental quality proxy indicator)than ChatGPT 4o-mini,although the differences are small,and both have similar disciplinary variations in this ability.Averaging multiple runs of Gemini 1.5 Flash improves the scores.
基金supported by the key project at the central government level:The ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources(Grant number 2060302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number 82373982,82173929).
文摘Background:Rosa chinensis Jacq.and Rosa rugosa Thunb.are not only of ornamental value,but also edible flowers and the flower buds have been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as traditional medicines.The two plants have some differences in efficacy,but the flower buds are easily confused for similar traits.In addition,large-scale cultivation of ornamental rose flowers may lead to a decrease in the effective components of medicinal roses.Therefore,it is necessary to study the chemical composition and make quality evaluation of Rosae Chinensis Flos(Yueji)and Rosae Rugosae Flos(Meigui).Methods:In this study,40 batches of samples including Meigui and Yueji from different regions in China were collected to establish high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints.Then,the fingerprints data was analyzed using principal component analysis,hierarchical cluster analysis,and partial least squares discriminant analysis analysis chemometrics to obtain information on intergroup differences,and non-targeted metabolomic techniques were applied to identify and compare chemical compositions of samples which were chosen from groups with large differences.Differential compounds were screened by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and S-plot,and finally multi-component quantification was performed to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Yueji and Meigui.Results:The similarity between the fingerprints of 40 batches roses and the reference print R was 0.73 to 0.93,indicating that there were similarities and differences between the samples.Through principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of fingerprints data,the samples from different origins and varieties were intuitively divided into four groups.Partial least-squares discriminant analysis analysis showed that Meigui and Yueji cluster into two categories and the model was reliable.A total of 89 compounds were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry,mainly were flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides,as well as phenolic acids.Eight differential components were screened out by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and S-plot analysis.Quantitative analyses of the eight compounds,including gallic acid,ellagic acid,hyperoside,isoquercitrin,etc.,showed that Yueji was generally richer in phenolic acids and flavonoids than Meigui,and the quality of Yueji from Shandong and Hebei was better.It is worth noting that Xinjiang rose is rich in various components,which is worth focusing on more in-depth research.Conclusion:In this study,the fingerprints of Meigui and Yueji were established.The chemical components information of roses was further improved based on non-targeted metabolomics and mass spectrometry technology.At the same time,eight differential components of Meigui and Yueji were screened out and quantitatively analyzed.The research results provided a scientific basis for the quality control and rational development and utilization of Rosae Chinensis Flos and Rosae Rugosae Flos,and also laid a foundation for the study of their pharmacodynamic material basis.
基金supported by the fund project of the Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area(China Three Gorges University),Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2023KDZ12)Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Slope Habitat Construction Technique Using Cement-based Materials(China Three Gorges University),Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2022SNJ04).
文摘Evaluating soil quality(SQ)is crucial for ensuring the long-term stability of restored slope ecosystems,yet selecting efficient assessment methods remains challenging.The aim of this study was to develop a targeted SQ evaluation system to compare the differences in the effectiveness of ecological restoration methods for slopes.We analysed the characteristics of 18 soil physicochemical and biological indices within a total data set(TDS)for five restored slopes with distinct ecological restoration techniques and three untreated slopes(as the control)in Yichang,China.Principal component analysis,entropy weight method,and Norm were employed to identify a minimum data set(MDS)and four soil quality index(SQI)models,linear unweighted(SQI_(L-A)),linear weighted(SQI_(L-W)),nonlinear unweighted(SQI_(NL-A)),and nonlinear weighted(SQI_(NL-W)),were used to comprehensively evaluate the MDS-based SQ.The results revealed that(1)MDS,consisting of microbial biomass carbon(MBC),microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP),microbial biomass quotient(qMBC),catalase(CAT),and bulk density(BD),effectively characterized the SQ of the ecological restoration slopes;(2)the SQI_(NL-W)model demonstrated superior discrimination among different ecological restoration slopes,with a significantly greater coefficient of determination(R^(2)=0.881,P<0.01)than other SQI models;and(3)all five ecological restoration techniques effectively improved SQ of slope to varying degrees,elevating it from low to high levels,with the vegetative cement-soil eco-restoration&vegetation concrete eco-restoration technique demonstrating the best effect(SQI_(NL-W)=0.627).Our study developed a practical SQ evaluation system based on the validated MDS and the most suitable SQI model(SQI_(NL-W)).This system enables reliable assessment on the effectiveness of restoration techniques.
文摘Objective To systematically evaluate the overall characteristics and quality of literature on economic evaluation of drugs for type 2 diabetes,and to provide recommendations for future research and related decision-making.Methods The economic evaluation literature on drugs for type 2 diabetes based on the Chinese population were searched from CNKI,Wanfang,VIP and PubMed databases.The literature that met the inclusion criteria was selected,and the key research elements were extracted.Meanwhile,the quality of health economics studies(QHES)was used to evaluate the quality of the literature.Results and Conclusion A total of 325 articles(296 in Chinese and 29 in English)were included.Most of the studies were conducted by medical institutions(247 articles,76.0%)and they used cost-effectiveness analysis(295 articles,90.8%).However,most of the included literature did not report study perspective(267 articles,90.2%).The average QHES score of the included literature was 57.29,and the quality of the literature was concentrated in“low quality”(123 articles,37.8%)and“average quality”(138 articles,42.5%).Literature published in English journals,or using modeling methods,or from universities had relatively higher quality.The quality of economic evaluation literature on drugs for type 2 diabetes based on the Chinese population is generally low at present.There are many problems,such as single research institutions and methods,lack of research perspectives,and no sensitivity analysis.
基金Supported by the Special Study on Mineral Resources Planning in Changchun City(No.JM-2020-11-13594)Jilin Agricultural Geological Survey Project(No.12120105111208)。
文摘In order to identify the nutrient level and environmental quality of paddy fields in Wanchang area,and to provide scientific basis and technical support for planting rice in Wanchang area, the soil geochemicalsurvey was carried out, 30 samples were collected from paddy soil in Wanchang area, and 20 elements(indicators) were analyzed. The characterization of the elemental content of soils in the study area was carriedout, and the geochemical level for soil nutrients, the geochemical level for the soil environment, and thecomprehensive geochemical level of soil quality were evaluated. The results showed that the average valuesof K content and pH of the soil in the study area were smaller than the background values of Jilin Province,and the average values of 18 elements including N, P, Ca, S, Pb, Zn etc. were bigger than the backgroundvalues of Jilin Province. The results of the evaluation of soil single element nutrient in the study area showedthat the available state nutrient levels of Mn, Zn, Cu, and K increased compared with the total amounts ofnutrients level, with Cu increasing the most;the available state nutrient level of N, P, B, and Mo decreasedcompared with the total amounts of nutrients level, with Mo decreasing the most. The comprehensive levelof soil nutrients geochemistry in paddy fields was mainly Level III (medium), accounting for 53.33%, andthe low abundance level was caused by the lack of P element;the comprehensive level of soil environmentalgeochemistry was mainly Level I (clean), accounting for 96.67%, with only slight pollution caused byCd. The comprehensive geochemical level of soil quality was mainly Level II, accounting for 66.67%.Suggestions were put forward for the rational utilization of soil resources in paddy fields in the study area.
基金supported by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China 2022 Industrial Technology Basic Public Service Platform Project-Traditional Chinese Medicine Whole Industry Chain Quality and Technology Service Platform(2022-230-221)Foshan Nanhai District Key Area Science and Technology Research Project[Nanke(2023)20-18].
文摘Objective:To evaluate the quality of Lygodium japonicum(Thunb.)Sw.(L.japonicum,Hai Jin Sha)by comparing its components without stewed(W)and stewed(S)using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography(UHPLC)and chemometric analysis.Additionally,network pharmacology was employed to investigate the possible mechanisms of action of L.japonicum in the urinary calculi(UC)treatment.Methods:A fingerprinting method was established to identify components through UHPLC-tandem mass spectrometry.Chemometric techniques were used to compare the L.japonicum extraction methods.Furthermore,various network pharmacological approaches were used to identify and analyze the potential targets of the identified components in relation to UC.Results:The W and S extracts were distributed into two distinct clusters.Significant differences in the levels of protocatechuic aldehyde,caffeic acid,and p-coumaric acid were observed between S and W.Network pharmacology analysis revealed that the primary targets of L.japonicum in the UC treatment were serum albumin and epidermal growth factor receptors,with potential active components including protocatechuic acid and caffeic acid.Conclusion:This study comprehensively examined the therapeutic components of L.japonicum before and after boiling,shedding light on its potential mechanisms of action in UC treatment.These findings offer valuable insights into the development and utilization of L.japonicum resources.
文摘With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence technologies,represented by large language models,university-level computer science education is undergoing a critical transition-from knowledge-based instruction to competency-oriented teaching.A postgraduate student competency evaluation model can serve as a framework to organize and guide both teaching and research activities at the postgraduate level.A number of relevant research efforts have already been conducted in this area.Graduate education plays a vital role not only as a continuation and enhancement of undergraduate education but also as essential preparation for future research endeavors.An analysis of the acceptance of competency evaluation models refers to the assessment of how various stakeholders perceive the importance of different components within the model.Investigating the degree of acceptance among diverse groups-such as current undergraduate students,current postgraduate students,graduates with less than three years of work experience,and those with more than three years of work experience-can offer valuable insights for improving and optimizing postgraduate education and training practices.
基金Research on the Quality Verification of Applied University Talent Cultivation Based on the“Five Degrees,”a major project of university-level talent training quality and teaching reform in 2023(TFCJGZD202303)。
文摘Teaching quality is the core guarantee for universities to achieve their talent cultivation goals,and teaching supervision,as an important means of monitoring teaching quality,runs through the entire process of teaching management.Based on the teaching quality report of School A at University Z for the autumn semester of 2024,this paper systematically analyzes the current situation,problems,and causes of the teaching supervision mechanism through multi-dimensional data analysis of expert classroom observation,peer evaluation,and classroom feedback.On this basis,combined with the application prospects of artificial intelligence technology,it proposes paths to optimize the teaching supervision mechanism,including improving the classroom observation feedback mechanism,increasing supervision coverage,and strengthening the linkage between feedback and teaching reform,providing practical experience and theoretical support for improving teaching quality in universities.
基金supported by the Guangdong Higher Education Association’s“14th Five Year Plan”2024 Higher Education Research Project(24GYB03)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515010255)。
文摘With the rapid advancement of information technology,the quality assurance and evaluation of software engineering education have become pivotal concerns for higher education institutions.In this paper,we focus on a comparative study of software engineering education in China and Europe,aiming to explore the theoretical frameworks and practical pathways employed in both regions.Initially,we introduce and contrast the engineering education accreditation systems of China and Europe,including the Chinese engineering education accreditation framework and the European EUR-ACE(European Accreditation of Engineering Programmes)standards,highlighting their core principles and evaluation methodologies.Subsequently,we provide case studies of several universities in China and Europe,such as Sun Yat-sen University,Tsinghua University,Technical University of Munich,and Imperial College London.Finally,we offer recommendations to foster mutual learning and collaboration between Chinese and European institutions,aiming to enhance the overall quality of software engineering education globally.This work provides valuable insights for educational administrators,faculty members,and policymakers,contributing to the ongoing improvement and innovative development of software engineering education in China and Europe.
文摘In the present study, we established an UPLC-QTOF-MSE based metabolomic approach in order to evaluate the holistic qualities and compare the quality difference by finding characteristic components of Panax notoginseng extracts （PNE） and Xuesaitong （XST） injection samples from different manufacturers. The data were processed through unsupervised principal component analysis （PCA） and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis （OPLS-DA） to compare the quality differences. Two-dimensional PCA score plots showed a tendency to separate the XST injections and extracts, and most XST injection samples were clearly clustered into two groups. Especially, the injections from He and YB companies were distinguished into two groups. In addition, only injection samples of Hu company were near the cluster of PNE. To explore the potential chemical components contributing most to the differences between XST injection samples from different manufacturers and PNE, an S-plot was constructed following the OPLS-DA. Ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rgl, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rbl, 20（S）-ginsenoside Rhl, gypenoside VII, ginsenoside Rg2, ginsenoside Rh4, ginsenoside Rkl or Rgs, notoginsenoside Fc, 20（R）-ginsenoside Rg3, ginsenoside F2 and protopanaxadiol were recognized as characteristic chemical markers that contributed most to reflect the difference between XST injections and PNE. Ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rgl, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rbl and gypenoside VII were revealed as index components contributing most to the differences of PNE and XST injections, and quantitative analysis of these components could ensure the consistent quality of XST injections. Based on the fact that the injections should be standardized with the characteristic components as quality control chemical markers, it is most important to keep the quality of extracts of raw materials stable and reliable.
基金Faculty Research Grant of Hong Kong Baptist University (FRG/06-07/II-24)
文摘Radix Astragali （Huangqi） is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. It is used in the traditional Chinese medicine to reinforce ＇qi＇, and it has immunostimulant, tonic, and antioxidant activities. There are many different sources of Huangqi in the market. In this study, the quality of Huangqi was evaluated by the measurement of four flavonoids, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, ononin, calycosin and formononetin with HPLC-UV, as well as astragaloside IV with HPLC-ELSD. Samples included different plant species, different places of cultivation, different ages of plants, different seasons of collection and different commercial specifications. The results showed that the contents of isoflavonoids and astragaloside IV varied significantly in different sources. Our study provided useful information for the quality evaluation of Radix Astragali.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program (2007BAC17B01)Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (2009CB825100)
文摘Taking the Technical Specifications of Eco-environmental Quality Assessment enacted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2006 as the conceptual framework model and improving some indices and weights in the regulation,the eco-environmental assessment index system for Manas River Basin was established,and the eco-environmental quality index (EQI) of this basin from 1976 to 2005 was assessed based on the related data.The results indicated that the ecological quality index increased to 48.26 from 34.44 during 1976-2005.The biologic abundance index,vegetation coverage index and land deterioration index decreased,while there was an increase in water reticulation density index,environmental quality index and pollution load index,so the improvement and deterioration of the ecological environment coexisted in the basin.On the whole,the poor state of the basin ecological environment had turned into a general state,and the eco-environmental quality was developed towards favorable circle.The results also showed that the improved calculating method of EQI accorded with the actual situation of the research area.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Fund(50969005)
文摘Ulansuhai Lake is the important component part of irrigation and drainage system in Hetao irrigation region of Inner Mongolia.We applied the attribute recognition method in the summer water quality evaluation of Ulansuhai Lake and divided according to the lake situation.The water quality in every area was analyzed,and the water quality situations in Ulansuhai Lake in 2006 and 2008 summer were gained.It provided the scientific basis for the effective utilization and the pollution treatment of Ulansuhai Lake.
基金Supported by Guangdong Science and Technology Plan Project(2010B0318000112012A030700006)~~
文摘ln order to appraise scientifical y the heavy metal contamination in waste-land of coalmine tailing in Mingshan of Guangdong, the 5 soil samples in wasteland of coalmine tailing were col ected in November 2010 to March 2011. The 7 heavy metals content in the contaminated soil was measured by atomic absorption spec-trophotometry. The results showed the pH of the wasteland soil ranged from 2.87 to 6.16, and the soil was relatively infertile. The soil was mainly pol uted by Cd and Mn. The Cd content in wasteland soil ranged from 0.759 mg/kg to 3.109 mg/kg with an average content of 2.052 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Mn content ranged from 387.057 to 488.660 mg/kg with an average content of 421.215 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Nemerow integrated pol ution indexes showed the sample 1, sample 4 and sample 5 were of heavy pol ution, and sample 2 and sample 3 were of moderate pol ution.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50378008)
文摘Considering the difficulty of fuzzy synthetic evaluation method in calculation of the multiple factors and ignorance of the relationship among evaluating objects, a new weight evaluation process using entropy method was introduced. This improved method for determination of weight of the evaluating indicators was applied in water quality assessment of the Three Gorges reservoir area. The results showed that this method was favorable for fuzzy synthetic evaluation when there were more than one evaluating objects. One calculation was enough for calculating every monitoring point. Compared with the original evaluation method, the method predigested the fuzzy synthetic evaluation process greatly and the evaluation results are more reasonable.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41261030)the Key Laboratory for Oasis Ecosystem,Ministry of Education(041079)~~
文摘Matter-element analysis method was used to construct the comprehensive matter-element model for the evaluation of the quality of various kinds of irrigation water in Turpan City to evaluate the quality of irrigation water（such as river water,spring water, Karez well water, pumped well water） in Turpan City, Xinjiang. The results showed that the quality of the irrigation water was the best in October,which was in Grade I or Grade 2; in May, the quality of some of the irrigation water became poorer to Grade II, which was easy to soil salinization; in March, the detected qualities of the water samples water from the Meiyaogou basin were all in Grade IV, which was not suitable for farmland irrigation. The comparison on the evaluation results of matter-element analysis and fuzzy evaluation method showed that the results of the 2 methods were almost consistent with each other, and showed good uniformity.
基金Supported by the National Key Research Program of China (No. 2003CCA00200)the Open Research Foundation of State KeyLab of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science(No.2005C012).
文摘A fuzzy neural network model is proposed to evaluate water quality. The model contains two parts： first, fuzzy mathematics theory is used to standardize the samples; second, the RBF neural network and the BP neural network are used to train the standardized samples. The proposed model was applied to assess the water quality of 16 sections in 9 rivers in the Shaoguan area in 2005. The evaluation result was compared with that of the RBF neural network method and the reported results in the Shaoguan area in 2005. It indicated that the performance of the proposed fuzzy neural network model is practically feasible in the application of water quality assessment and its operation is simple.
