Background:Rosa chinensis Jacq.and Rosa rugosa Thunb.are not only of ornamental value,but also edible flowers and the flower buds have been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as traditional medicines.The two plants h...Background:Rosa chinensis Jacq.and Rosa rugosa Thunb.are not only of ornamental value,but also edible flowers and the flower buds have been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as traditional medicines.The two plants have some differences in efficacy,but the flower buds are easily confused for similar traits.In addition,large-scale cultivation of ornamental rose flowers may lead to a decrease in the effective components of medicinal roses.Therefore,it is necessary to study the chemical composition and make quality evaluation of Rosae Chinensis Flos(Yueji)and Rosae Rugosae Flos(Meigui).Methods:In this study,40 batches of samples including Meigui and Yueji from different regions in China were collected to establish high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints.Then,the fingerprints data was analyzed using principal component analysis,hierarchical cluster analysis,and partial least squares discriminant analysis analysis chemometrics to obtain information on intergroup differences,and non-targeted metabolomic techniques were applied to identify and compare chemical compositions of samples which were chosen from groups with large differences.Differential compounds were screened by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and S-plot,and finally multi-component quantification was performed to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Yueji and Meigui.Results:The similarity between the fingerprints of 40 batches roses and the reference print R was 0.73 to 0.93,indicating that there were similarities and differences between the samples.Through principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of fingerprints data,the samples from different origins and varieties were intuitively divided into four groups.Partial least-squares discriminant analysis analysis showed that Meigui and Yueji cluster into two categories and the model was reliable.A total of 89 compounds were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry,mainly were flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides,as well as phenolic acids.Eight differential components were screened out by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and S-plot analysis.Quantitative analyses of the eight compounds,including gallic acid,ellagic acid,hyperoside,isoquercitrin,etc.,showed that Yueji was generally richer in phenolic acids and flavonoids than Meigui,and the quality of Yueji from Shandong and Hebei was better.It is worth noting that Xinjiang rose is rich in various components,which is worth focusing on more in-depth research.Conclusion:In this study,the fingerprints of Meigui and Yueji were established.The chemical components information of roses was further improved based on non-targeted metabolomics and mass spectrometry technology.At the same time,eight differential components of Meigui and Yueji were screened out and quantitatively analyzed.The research results provided a scientific basis for the quality control and rational development and utilization of Rosae Chinensis Flos and Rosae Rugosae Flos,and also laid a foundation for the study of their pharmacodynamic material basis.展开更多
Evaluating soil quality(SQ)is crucial for ensuring the long-term stability of restored slope ecosystems,yet selecting efficient assessment methods remains challenging.The aim of this study was to develop a targeted SQ...Evaluating soil quality(SQ)is crucial for ensuring the long-term stability of restored slope ecosystems,yet selecting efficient assessment methods remains challenging.The aim of this study was to develop a targeted SQ evaluation system to compare the differences in the effectiveness of ecological restoration methods for slopes.We analysed the characteristics of 18 soil physicochemical and biological indices within a total data set(TDS)for five restored slopes with distinct ecological restoration techniques and three untreated slopes(as the control)in Yichang,China.Principal component analysis,entropy weight method,and Norm were employed to identify a minimum data set(MDS)and four soil quality index(SQI)models,linear unweighted(SQI_(L-A)),linear weighted(SQI_(L-W)),nonlinear unweighted(SQI_(NL-A)),and nonlinear weighted(SQI_(NL-W)),were used to comprehensively evaluate the MDS-based SQ.The results revealed that(1)MDS,consisting of microbial biomass carbon(MBC),microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP),microbial biomass quotient(qMBC),catalase(CAT),and bulk density(BD),effectively characterized the SQ of the ecological restoration slopes;(2)the SQI_(NL-W)model demonstrated superior discrimination among different ecological restoration slopes,with a significantly greater coefficient of determination(R^(2)=0.881,P<0.01)than other SQI models;and(3)all five ecological restoration techniques effectively improved SQ of slope to varying degrees,elevating it from low to high levels,with the vegetative cement-soil eco-restoration&vegetation concrete eco-restoration technique demonstrating the best effect(SQI_(NL-W)=0.627).Our study developed a practical SQ evaluation system based on the validated MDS and the most suitable SQI model(SQI_(NL-W)).This system enables reliable assessment on the effectiveness of restoration techniques.展开更多
With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence technologies,represented by large language models,university-level computer science education is undergoing a critical transition-from knowledge-based i...With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence technologies,represented by large language models,university-level computer science education is undergoing a critical transition-from knowledge-based instruction to competency-oriented teaching.A postgraduate student competency evaluation model can serve as a framework to organize and guide both teaching and research activities at the postgraduate level.A number of relevant research efforts have already been conducted in this area.Graduate education plays a vital role not only as a continuation and enhancement of undergraduate education but also as essential preparation for future research endeavors.An analysis of the acceptance of competency evaluation models refers to the assessment of how various stakeholders perceive the importance of different components within the model.Investigating the degree of acceptance among diverse groups-such as current undergraduate students,current postgraduate students,graduates with less than three years of work experience,and those with more than three years of work experience-can offer valuable insights for improving and optimizing postgraduate education and training practices.展开更多
In the present study, we established an UPLC-QTOF-MSE based metabolomic approach in order to evaluate the holistic qualities and compare the quality difference by finding characteristic components of Panax notoginseng...In the present study, we established an UPLC-QTOF-MSE based metabolomic approach in order to evaluate the holistic qualities and compare the quality difference by finding characteristic components of Panax notoginseng extracts （PNE） and Xuesaitong （XST） injection samples from different manufacturers. The data were processed through unsupervised principal component analysis （PCA） and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis （OPLS-DA） to compare the quality differences. Two-dimensional PCA score plots showed a tendency to separate the XST injections and extracts, and most XST injection samples were clearly clustered into two groups. Especially, the injections from He and YB companies were distinguished into two groups. In addition, only injection samples of Hu company were near the cluster of PNE. To explore the potential chemical components contributing most to the differences between XST injection samples from different manufacturers and PNE, an S-plot was constructed following the OPLS-DA. Ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rgl, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rbl, 20（S）-ginsenoside Rhl, gypenoside VII, ginsenoside Rg2, ginsenoside Rh4, ginsenoside Rkl or Rgs, notoginsenoside Fc, 20（R）-ginsenoside Rg3, ginsenoside F2 and protopanaxadiol were recognized as characteristic chemical markers that contributed most to reflect the difference between XST injections and PNE. Ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rgl, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rbl and gypenoside VII were revealed as index components contributing most to the differences of PNE and XST injections, and quantitative analysis of these components could ensure the consistent quality of XST injections. Based on the fact that the injections should be standardized with the characteristic components as quality control chemical markers, it is most important to keep the quality of extracts of raw materials stable and reliable.展开更多
Radix Astragali （Huangqi） is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. It is used in the traditional Chinese medicine to reinforce ＇qi＇, and it has immunostimulant, tonic, and antioxidant activ...Radix Astragali （Huangqi） is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. It is used in the traditional Chinese medicine to reinforce ＇qi＇, and it has immunostimulant, tonic, and antioxidant activities. There are many different sources of Huangqi in the market. In this study, the quality of Huangqi was evaluated by the measurement of four flavonoids, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, ononin, calycosin and formononetin with HPLC-UV, as well as astragaloside IV with HPLC-ELSD. Samples included different plant species, different places of cultivation, different ages of plants, different seasons of collection and different commercial specifications. The results showed that the contents of isoflavonoids and astragaloside IV varied significantly in different sources. Our study provided useful information for the quality evaluation of Radix Astragali.展开更多
Taking the Technical Specifications of Eco-environmental Quality Assessment enacted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2006 as the conceptual framework model and improving some indices and weights...Taking the Technical Specifications of Eco-environmental Quality Assessment enacted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2006 as the conceptual framework model and improving some indices and weights in the regulation,the eco-environmental assessment index system for Manas River Basin was established,and the eco-environmental quality index (EQI) of this basin from 1976 to 2005 was assessed based on the related data.The results indicated that the ecological quality index increased to 48.26 from 34.44 during 1976-2005.The biologic abundance index,vegetation coverage index and land deterioration index decreased,while there was an increase in water reticulation density index,environmental quality index and pollution load index,so the improvement and deterioration of the ecological environment coexisted in the basin.On the whole,the poor state of the basin ecological environment had turned into a general state,and the eco-environmental quality was developed towards favorable circle.The results also showed that the improved calculating method of EQI accorded with the actual situation of the research area.展开更多
ln order to appraise scientifical y the heavy metal contamination in waste-land of coalmine tailing in Mingshan of Guangdong, the 5 soil samples in wasteland of coalmine tailing were col ected in November 2010 to Marc...ln order to appraise scientifical y the heavy metal contamination in waste-land of coalmine tailing in Mingshan of Guangdong, the 5 soil samples in wasteland of coalmine tailing were col ected in November 2010 to March 2011. The 7 heavy metals content in the contaminated soil was measured by atomic absorption spec-trophotometry. The results showed the pH of the wasteland soil ranged from 2.87 to 6.16, and the soil was relatively infertile. The soil was mainly pol uted by Cd and Mn. The Cd content in wasteland soil ranged from 0.759 mg/kg to 3.109 mg/kg with an average content of 2.052 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Mn content ranged from 387.057 to 488.660 mg/kg with an average content of 421.215 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Nemerow integrated pol ution indexes showed the sample 1, sample 4 and sample 5 were of heavy pol ution, and sample 2 and sample 3 were of moderate pol ution.展开更多
A fuzzy neural network model is proposed to evaluate water quality. The model contains two parts： first, fuzzy mathematics theory is used to standardize the samples; second, the RBF neural network and the BP neural n...A fuzzy neural network model is proposed to evaluate water quality. The model contains two parts： first, fuzzy mathematics theory is used to standardize the samples; second, the RBF neural network and the BP neural network are used to train the standardized samples. The proposed model was applied to assess the water quality of 16 sections in 9 rivers in the Shaoguan area in 2005. The evaluation result was compared with that of the RBF neural network method and the reported results in the Shaoguan area in 2005. It indicated that the performance of the proposed fuzzy neural network model is practically feasible in the application of water quality assessment and its operation is simple.展开更多
Rivers in the Liaohe River Estuary area have been seriously polluted by discharges of wastewater containing petroleum pol- lutants and nutrients. In this paper, The Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model （QUAL2K） and i...Rivers in the Liaohe River Estuary area have been seriously polluted by discharges of wastewater containing petroleum pol- lutants and nutrients. In this paper, The Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model （QUAL2K） and its revised model as well as One-dimensional Tide Mean Model （1D model） were applied to predict and assess the water quality of the tidal fiver reach of the Liaohe River Estuary. Dissolved oxygen （DO）, biochemical oxygen demand （BODs）, ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） and total phosphorus （TP） were chosen as water quality indices in the two model simulations. The modelled results show that the major reasons for degraded rivers remain petroleum and non-point source pollution. Tidal water also has a critical effect on the variation of water quality. The sensitivity analysis identifies that flow rate, point load and diffuse load are the most sensitive parameters for the four water quality indices in the revised QUAL2K simulation. Uncertainty analysis based on a Monte Carlo simulation gives the probability distribution of the four wa- ter quality indices at two locations （6.50 km and 44.84 km from the river mouth）. The statistical outcomes indicate that the observed data fall within the 90% confidence intervals at all sites measured, and show that the revised QUAL2K gives better results in simulating the water quality of a tidal fiver.展开更多
Stability condition and quality evaluation formula of layerlike backfilling roof,Q≥C,where Q denotes is quality index depending on allowable compressive or tensile strength and integrity of backfilling,and C is the t...Stability condition and quality evaluation formula of layerlike backfilling roof,Q≥C,where Q denotes is quality index depending on allowable compressive or tensile strength and integrity of backfilling,and C is the technical index depending on mining method and backfilling technology,were inferred according to simply supported beam theorem.Technical treatment measures for instable backfilling roof,including optimum of appropriate filling materials and dosage for excellent flow property and reduction of backfill cost.It is proved that slope equation of backfill slurry in a stope to be filled is y=hexp[x2/(2σ)2)],where h is height of cone and σ2 is mean square,and that optimum drainage point of backfill slurry can be determined by the equation and sizes of stope.Case study indicates that the results can give a theoretical support for quality evaluation and control of layerlike backfilling.展开更多
A simple, sensitive and accurate method based on high performance liquid chromato- graphy （HPLC） with diode array detector （DAD） was developed and validated for systematic quality evaluation of one type of traditi...A simple, sensitive and accurate method based on high performance liquid chromato- graphy （HPLC） with diode array detector （DAD） was developed and validated for systematic quality evaluation of one type of traditional Chinese medicine preparations named Xinkeshu （XKS） tablet. In this study, the chromatographic fingerprints of XKS tablet were developed first, 23 peaks were selected as the common peaks to evaluate the similarities among different batches of XKS samples, which were manufactured in a long time span of three years. Additionally, simultaneous quantification of six markers in XKS tablet, including Danshensu, Protocatechuic aldehyde, Puerarin, Daidzin, Salvianolic acid B and Daidzein, was performed. The validation results showed that the developed method was specific, accurate, precise and robust. The preliminary explanation on why a close similarity between fingerprints did not exactly mean similar contents of chemical components in samples was given. The contribution of each chromatographic peak to similarity was also evaluated. The developed method offers an efficient, reliable and practical approach for systematic quality evaluation of XKS tablet.展开更多
The existing research of steering comfort mainly focuses on the subjective evaluation,aiming at designing and optimizing the steering system.In the development of steering system,especially the evaluation of steering ...The existing research of steering comfort mainly focuses on the subjective evaluation,aiming at designing and optimizing the steering system.In the development of steering system,especially the evaluation of steering comfort,the objective evaluation methods considered the kinematic characteristics of driver steering maneuver are not proposed,which means that the objective evaluation of steering cannot be conducted with the evaluation of kinematic characteristics of driver in steering maneuver.In order to propose the objective evaluation methods of steering comfort,the evaluation of steering movement quality of driver is developed on the basis of the study of the kinematic characteristics of steering maneuver.First,the steering motion trajectories of the driver in both comfortable and certain extreme uncomfortable operation conditions are detected using the Vicon motion capture system.The operation conditions are under the restrictions of the vertical height and horizontal distance between steering wheel center and the H-point of driver,and the steering resisting torque else.Next,the movement quality evaluation of driver steering maneuver is assessed using twelve kinds of evaluation indices based on the kinematic analyses of the steering motion trajectories to propose an objective evaluation method.Finally,an integrated discomfort index of steering maneuver is proposed on the basis of the regression analysis of subjective evaluation rating and the movement quality evaluation indices,including the Jerk,Discomfort and Joint Torque indices.The test results show that the proposed integrated discomfort index gives a good fitting with the subjective evaluation of discomfort,which means it can be used to evaluate or predict the discomfort level of steering maneuver.This paper proposes an objective evaluation method of steering comfort based on the movement quality evaluation of driver steering maneuver.展开更多
The tight-fractured gas reservoir of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Western Sichuan Depression has low porosity and permeability. This study presents a DNN-based method for identifying gas-bearing strata ...The tight-fractured gas reservoir of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Western Sichuan Depression has low porosity and permeability. This study presents a DNN-based method for identifying gas-bearing strata in tight sandstone. First, multi-component composite seismic attributes are obtained.The strong nonlinear relationships between multi-component composite attributes and gas-bearing reservoirs can be constrained through a DNN. Therefore, we identify and predict the gas-bearing strata using a DNN. Then, sample data are fed into the DNN for training and testing. After optimized network parameters are determined by the performance curves and empirical formulas, the best deep learning gas-bearing prediction model is determined. The composite seismic attributes can then be fed into the model to extrapolate the hydrocarbon-bearing characteristics from known drilling areas to the entire region for predicting the gas reservoir distribution. Finally, we assess the proposed method in terms of the structure and fracture characteristics and predict favorable exploration areas for identifying gas reservoirs.展开更多
To develop a better approach for spatial evaluation of drinking water quality, an intelligent evaluation method integrating a geographical information system(GIS) and an ant colony clustering algorithm(ACCA) was used....To develop a better approach for spatial evaluation of drinking water quality, an intelligent evaluation method integrating a geographical information system(GIS) and an ant colony clustering algorithm(ACCA) was used. Drinking water samples from 29 wells in Zhenping County, China, were collected and analyzed. 35 parameters on water quality were selected, such as chloride concentration, sulphate concentration, total hardness, nitrate concentration, fluoride concentration, turbidity, pH, chromium concentration, COD, bacterium amount, total coliforms and color. The best spatial interpolation methods for the 35 parameters were found and selected from all types of interpolation methods in GIS environment according to the minimum cross-validation errors. The ACCA was improved through three strategies, namely mixed distance function, average similitude degree and probability conversion functions. Then, the ACCA was carried out to obtain different water quality grades in the GIS environment. In the end, the result from the ACCA was compared with those from the competitive Hopfield neural network(CHNN) to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the ACCA according to three evaluation indexes, which are stochastic sampling method, pixel amount and convergence speed. It is shown that the spatial water quality grades obtained from the ACCA were more effective, accurate and intelligent than those obtained from the CHNN.展开更多
Background:Magnolia bark(Magnolia Officinalis REHD.&WILS.and Magnolia officinalis REHD.&WILS.VAR.biloba REHD.&WILS,Hou Po in Chinese),is widely applied in clinical prescriptions and Chinese patent medicine...Background:Magnolia bark(Magnolia Officinalis REHD.&WILS.and Magnolia officinalis REHD.&WILS.VAR.biloba REHD.&WILS,Hou Po in Chinese),is widely applied in clinical prescriptions and Chinese patent medicines.Origin place is a crucial factor affecting the quality of Hou Po,and chemical composition is an important index for evaluating its quality,which is closely related to its clinical efficacy.This study aims to develop a novel method for rapidly,accurately and comprehensively identifying the origin places of Hou Po and predicting the contents of its important chemical components.Methods:High performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze the contents of magnolol and honokiol and ultra-performance liquid chromatography the contents of magnocurarine and magnoflorine.The cold soak method was used to determine the contents of water-soluble extracts.The E-nose and colorimeter were used to determine the odor and color characteristics,respectively,of the collected Hou Po samples.Results:Using several statistical algorithms,different discriminant models based on the E-nose and colorimeter data were established to distinguish the origin place of Hou-Po and predict the chemical components of honokiol,magnolol,magnocurarine,magnoflorine and water-soluble extracts.The results showed that the Random Forest classifier combined with the ten-fold cross-validation method provided the highest classification accuracy for origin place,accounting for 99.53%among these models.The correlation coefficients between predicted and experimental values of the five chemical components were all higher than 0.96.Conclusion:This study has indicated that the electronic nose and colorimeter are promising methods for evaluating the quality of Chinese herbal medicines both qualitatively and quantitatively.展开更多
Smart grid puts forward higher requirements for power quality.Power quality evaluation can provide a decision-making basis for quality improvement.Based on power quality monitoring data,a grey target method is propose...Smart grid puts forward higher requirements for power quality.Power quality evaluation can provide a decision-making basis for quality improvement.Based on power quality monitoring data,a grey target method is proposed for power quality evaluation.The grey target is composed of power quality evaluation standard and power quality monitoring data to be evaluated.Combining with the characteristics of each power quality evaluation index,the target center of the whole grey target system is found.Then,the power quality monitoring data to be evaluated and the power quality standard mode are compared and analyzed to construct the power quality grey correlation difference information space.Finally,the target center coefficient and target degree of power quality are calculated to realize the comprehensive evaluation of power quality,and the evaluation grade of power quality monitoring data to be evaluated is obtained.Compared with the evaluation results of the existing literature,the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified,which shows that grey target theory is reasonable in the comprehensive evaluation of power quality.展开更多
To evaluate the quality of Polyporus umbellatus,we established a simple,repeatable and reliable method based on high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)for specific chromatogram and fingerprint analysis,which was ...To evaluate the quality of Polyporus umbellatus,we established a simple,repeatable and reliable method based on high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)for specific chromatogram and fingerprint analysis,which was applied to analyze samples of medicinal materials and decoction pieces collected from different regions.Finally,ten characteristic peaks were designated in the specific chromatograms and applied to the authenticate identification of P.umbellatus samples.Nine common peaks were designated in the fingerprints,and then the similarities between 32 batches of samples were calculated.Among them,eight compounds were identified by HPLC-APCI-IT-TOF-MS^(n),four of which were identified in specific chromatograms and four in fingerprints.In the present study,we,for the first time,combined HPLC specific chromatograms and fingerprints for the species identification and quality evaluation of P.umbellatus.Collectively,our findings provided a new method for establishing a comprehensive quality standard of P.umbellatus.展开更多
Traditional quality inspection based product quality evaluation method with complex process has high operating cost and requires more professional knowledge. To remove the above limitation, this paper leads product ge...Traditional quality inspection based product quality evaluation method with complex process has high operating cost and requires more professional knowledge. To remove the above limitation, this paper leads product gene theory into product quality evaluation. Methods of quality influencing factors based modeling and encoding are established. Combined with similarity theory and product gene theory, a product gene similarity analysis based quality evaluation method is proposed. The proposed method is low cost, operates easily and requires less specialized knowledge. A case study is conducted to prove the correctness and feasibility of this method.展开更多
Background:Pinelliae Rhizoma(Banxia)is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine,and its quality issues are related to the safety and effectiveness of the medicine.Several pharmacological experiments have shown that Pin...Background:Pinelliae Rhizoma(Banxia)is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine,and its quality issues are related to the safety and effectiveness of the medicine.Several pharmacological experiments have shown that Pinelliae Rhizoma has anti-inflammatory activity,but the specific chemical components remain unclear.Methods:In the present study,network pharmacology was used to analyze the potential active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of Pinelliae Rhizoma’s anti-inflammatory activity.A new approach to simultaneously determine eight components using high performance liquid chromatography-photo-diode array was developed to evaluate the quality of Pinelliae Rhizoma and different processed Pinelliae Rhizoma products.Results:Twelve active ingredients were identified from Pinelliae Rhizoma,andβ-sitosterol may have a greater effect than the other active ingredients.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed the main pathways associated with Pinelliae Rhizoma’s mechanism for treating inflammation.Additionally,theβ-sitosterol content in different processed Pinelliae Rhizoma products decreased significantly,and the level of five nucleosides in Pinelliae Rhizoma was significantly higher than that of the processed Pinelliae Rhizoma products.The 6-gingerol content was detected in eight Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine batches with different origins,and liquiritin and liquiritigenin levels were detected in eight batches of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum with different origins.Conclusion:Pinelliae Rhizoma quality was affected by different regions and different processing methods,and this research provides a reference for Pinelliae Rhizoma quality evaluation.展开更多
基金supported by the key project at the central government level:The ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources(Grant number 2060302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number 82373982,82173929).
文摘Background:Rosa chinensis Jacq.and Rosa rugosa Thunb.are not only of ornamental value,but also edible flowers and the flower buds have been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as traditional medicines.The two plants have some differences in efficacy,but the flower buds are easily confused for similar traits.In addition,large-scale cultivation of ornamental rose flowers may lead to a decrease in the effective components of medicinal roses.Therefore,it is necessary to study the chemical composition and make quality evaluation of Rosae Chinensis Flos(Yueji)and Rosae Rugosae Flos(Meigui).Methods:In this study,40 batches of samples including Meigui and Yueji from different regions in China were collected to establish high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints.Then,the fingerprints data was analyzed using principal component analysis,hierarchical cluster analysis,and partial least squares discriminant analysis analysis chemometrics to obtain information on intergroup differences,and non-targeted metabolomic techniques were applied to identify and compare chemical compositions of samples which were chosen from groups with large differences.Differential compounds were screened by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and S-plot,and finally multi-component quantification was performed to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Yueji and Meigui.Results:The similarity between the fingerprints of 40 batches roses and the reference print R was 0.73 to 0.93,indicating that there were similarities and differences between the samples.Through principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of fingerprints data,the samples from different origins and varieties were intuitively divided into four groups.Partial least-squares discriminant analysis analysis showed that Meigui and Yueji cluster into two categories and the model was reliable.A total of 89 compounds were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry,mainly were flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides,as well as phenolic acids.Eight differential components were screened out by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and S-plot analysis.Quantitative analyses of the eight compounds,including gallic acid,ellagic acid,hyperoside,isoquercitrin,etc.,showed that Yueji was generally richer in phenolic acids and flavonoids than Meigui,and the quality of Yueji from Shandong and Hebei was better.It is worth noting that Xinjiang rose is rich in various components,which is worth focusing on more in-depth research.Conclusion:In this study,the fingerprints of Meigui and Yueji were established.The chemical components information of roses was further improved based on non-targeted metabolomics and mass spectrometry technology.At the same time,eight differential components of Meigui and Yueji were screened out and quantitatively analyzed.The research results provided a scientific basis for the quality control and rational development and utilization of Rosae Chinensis Flos and Rosae Rugosae Flos,and also laid a foundation for the study of their pharmacodynamic material basis.
基金supported by the fund project of the Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area(China Three Gorges University),Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2023KDZ12)Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Slope Habitat Construction Technique Using Cement-based Materials(China Three Gorges University),Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2022SNJ04).
文摘Evaluating soil quality(SQ)is crucial for ensuring the long-term stability of restored slope ecosystems,yet selecting efficient assessment methods remains challenging.The aim of this study was to develop a targeted SQ evaluation system to compare the differences in the effectiveness of ecological restoration methods for slopes.We analysed the characteristics of 18 soil physicochemical and biological indices within a total data set(TDS)for five restored slopes with distinct ecological restoration techniques and three untreated slopes(as the control)in Yichang,China.Principal component analysis,entropy weight method,and Norm were employed to identify a minimum data set(MDS)and four soil quality index(SQI)models,linear unweighted(SQI_(L-A)),linear weighted(SQI_(L-W)),nonlinear unweighted(SQI_(NL-A)),and nonlinear weighted(SQI_(NL-W)),were used to comprehensively evaluate the MDS-based SQ.The results revealed that(1)MDS,consisting of microbial biomass carbon(MBC),microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP),microbial biomass quotient(qMBC),catalase(CAT),and bulk density(BD),effectively characterized the SQ of the ecological restoration slopes;(2)the SQI_(NL-W)model demonstrated superior discrimination among different ecological restoration slopes,with a significantly greater coefficient of determination(R^(2)=0.881,P<0.01)than other SQI models;and(3)all five ecological restoration techniques effectively improved SQ of slope to varying degrees,elevating it from low to high levels,with the vegetative cement-soil eco-restoration&vegetation concrete eco-restoration technique demonstrating the best effect(SQI_(NL-W)=0.627).Our study developed a practical SQ evaluation system based on the validated MDS and the most suitable SQI model(SQI_(NL-W)).This system enables reliable assessment on the effectiveness of restoration techniques.
文摘With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence technologies,represented by large language models,university-level computer science education is undergoing a critical transition-from knowledge-based instruction to competency-oriented teaching.A postgraduate student competency evaluation model can serve as a framework to organize and guide both teaching and research activities at the postgraduate level.A number of relevant research efforts have already been conducted in this area.Graduate education plays a vital role not only as a continuation and enhancement of undergraduate education but also as essential preparation for future research endeavors.An analysis of the acceptance of competency evaluation models refers to the assessment of how various stakeholders perceive the importance of different components within the model.Investigating the degree of acceptance among diverse groups-such as current undergraduate students,current postgraduate students,graduates with less than three years of work experience,and those with more than three years of work experience-can offer valuable insights for improving and optimizing postgraduate education and training practices.
文摘In the present study, we established an UPLC-QTOF-MSE based metabolomic approach in order to evaluate the holistic qualities and compare the quality difference by finding characteristic components of Panax notoginseng extracts （PNE） and Xuesaitong （XST） injection samples from different manufacturers. The data were processed through unsupervised principal component analysis （PCA） and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis （OPLS-DA） to compare the quality differences. Two-dimensional PCA score plots showed a tendency to separate the XST injections and extracts, and most XST injection samples were clearly clustered into two groups. Especially, the injections from He and YB companies were distinguished into two groups. In addition, only injection samples of Hu company were near the cluster of PNE. To explore the potential chemical components contributing most to the differences between XST injection samples from different manufacturers and PNE, an S-plot was constructed following the OPLS-DA. Ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rgl, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rbl, 20（S）-ginsenoside Rhl, gypenoside VII, ginsenoside Rg2, ginsenoside Rh4, ginsenoside Rkl or Rgs, notoginsenoside Fc, 20（R）-ginsenoside Rg3, ginsenoside F2 and protopanaxadiol were recognized as characteristic chemical markers that contributed most to reflect the difference between XST injections and PNE. Ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rgl, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rbl and gypenoside VII were revealed as index components contributing most to the differences of PNE and XST injections, and quantitative analysis of these components could ensure the consistent quality of XST injections. Based on the fact that the injections should be standardized with the characteristic components as quality control chemical markers, it is most important to keep the quality of extracts of raw materials stable and reliable.
基金Faculty Research Grant of Hong Kong Baptist University (FRG/06-07/II-24)
文摘Radix Astragali （Huangqi） is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. It is used in the traditional Chinese medicine to reinforce ＇qi＇, and it has immunostimulant, tonic, and antioxidant activities. There are many different sources of Huangqi in the market. In this study, the quality of Huangqi was evaluated by the measurement of four flavonoids, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, ononin, calycosin and formononetin with HPLC-UV, as well as astragaloside IV with HPLC-ELSD. Samples included different plant species, different places of cultivation, different ages of plants, different seasons of collection and different commercial specifications. The results showed that the contents of isoflavonoids and astragaloside IV varied significantly in different sources. Our study provided useful information for the quality evaluation of Radix Astragali.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program (2007BAC17B01)Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (2009CB825100)
文摘Taking the Technical Specifications of Eco-environmental Quality Assessment enacted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2006 as the conceptual framework model and improving some indices and weights in the regulation,the eco-environmental assessment index system for Manas River Basin was established,and the eco-environmental quality index (EQI) of this basin from 1976 to 2005 was assessed based on the related data.The results indicated that the ecological quality index increased to 48.26 from 34.44 during 1976-2005.The biologic abundance index,vegetation coverage index and land deterioration index decreased,while there was an increase in water reticulation density index,environmental quality index and pollution load index,so the improvement and deterioration of the ecological environment coexisted in the basin.On the whole,the poor state of the basin ecological environment had turned into a general state,and the eco-environmental quality was developed towards favorable circle.The results also showed that the improved calculating method of EQI accorded with the actual situation of the research area.
基金Supported by Guangdong Science and Technology Plan Project(2010B0318000112012A030700006)~~
文摘ln order to appraise scientifical y the heavy metal contamination in waste-land of coalmine tailing in Mingshan of Guangdong, the 5 soil samples in wasteland of coalmine tailing were col ected in November 2010 to March 2011. The 7 heavy metals content in the contaminated soil was measured by atomic absorption spec-trophotometry. The results showed the pH of the wasteland soil ranged from 2.87 to 6.16, and the soil was relatively infertile. The soil was mainly pol uted by Cd and Mn. The Cd content in wasteland soil ranged from 0.759 mg/kg to 3.109 mg/kg with an average content of 2.052 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Mn content ranged from 387.057 to 488.660 mg/kg with an average content of 421.215 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Nemerow integrated pol ution indexes showed the sample 1, sample 4 and sample 5 were of heavy pol ution, and sample 2 and sample 3 were of moderate pol ution.
基金Supported by the National Key Research Program of China (No. 2003CCA00200)the Open Research Foundation of State KeyLab of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science(No.2005C012).
文摘A fuzzy neural network model is proposed to evaluate water quality. The model contains two parts： first, fuzzy mathematics theory is used to standardize the samples; second, the RBF neural network and the BP neural network are used to train the standardized samples. The proposed model was applied to assess the water quality of 16 sections in 9 rivers in the Shaoguan area in 2005. The evaluation result was compared with that of the RBF neural network method and the reported results in the Shaoguan area in 2005. It indicated that the performance of the proposed fuzzy neural network model is practically feasible in the application of water quality assessment and its operation is simple.
基金Under the auspices of Water Pollution Control and Management Key Project of Science and Technology of China(No.2013ZX07202-007)Liaoning Hundred-Thousand-Ten Thousand Talents Program
文摘Rivers in the Liaohe River Estuary area have been seriously polluted by discharges of wastewater containing petroleum pol- lutants and nutrients. In this paper, The Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model （QUAL2K） and its revised model as well as One-dimensional Tide Mean Model （1D model） were applied to predict and assess the water quality of the tidal fiver reach of the Liaohe River Estuary. Dissolved oxygen （DO）, biochemical oxygen demand （BODs）, ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） and total phosphorus （TP） were chosen as water quality indices in the two model simulations. The modelled results show that the major reasons for degraded rivers remain petroleum and non-point source pollution. Tidal water also has a critical effect on the variation of water quality. The sensitivity analysis identifies that flow rate, point load and diffuse load are the most sensitive parameters for the four water quality indices in the revised QUAL2K simulation. Uncertainty analysis based on a Monte Carlo simulation gives the probability distribution of the four wa- ter quality indices at two locations （6.50 km and 44.84 km from the river mouth）. The statistical outcomes indicate that the observed data fall within the 90% confidence intervals at all sites measured, and show that the revised QUAL2K gives better results in simulating the water quality of a tidal fiver.
基金Project(50490270) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Stability condition and quality evaluation formula of layerlike backfilling roof,Q≥C,where Q denotes is quality index depending on allowable compressive or tensile strength and integrity of backfilling,and C is the technical index depending on mining method and backfilling technology,were inferred according to simply supported beam theorem.Technical treatment measures for instable backfilling roof,including optimum of appropriate filling materials and dosage for excellent flow property and reduction of backfill cost.It is proved that slope equation of backfill slurry in a stope to be filled is y=hexp[x2/(2σ)2)],where h is height of cone and σ2 is mean square,and that optimum drainage point of backfill slurry can be determined by the equation and sizes of stope.Case study indicates that the results can give a theoretical support for quality evaluation and control of layerlike backfilling.
基金supported by the Major Projects of Independent Innovation Achievements of Shandong Province(No. 2010ZDZX1A0406)partly by the Scientific and Technological Projects of Shandong Province (No. 2009GG10002081)+1 种基金Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University(No. 2010TS054)Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation, China (No. ZR2011HM080)
文摘A simple, sensitive and accurate method based on high performance liquid chromato- graphy （HPLC） with diode array detector （DAD） was developed and validated for systematic quality evaluation of one type of traditional Chinese medicine preparations named Xinkeshu （XKS） tablet. In this study, the chromatographic fingerprints of XKS tablet were developed first, 23 peaks were selected as the common peaks to evaluate the similarities among different batches of XKS samples, which were manufactured in a long time span of three years. Additionally, simultaneous quantification of six markers in XKS tablet, including Danshensu, Protocatechuic aldehyde, Puerarin, Daidzin, Salvianolic acid B and Daidzein, was performed. The validation results showed that the developed method was specific, accurate, precise and robust. The preliminary explanation on why a close similarity between fingerprints did not exactly mean similar contents of chemical components in samples was given. The contribution of each chromatographic peak to similarity was also evaluated. The developed method offers an efficient, reliable and practical approach for systematic quality evaluation of XKS tablet.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51005133,51375009)National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program,Grant No.2011AA11A244)
文摘The existing research of steering comfort mainly focuses on the subjective evaluation,aiming at designing and optimizing the steering system.In the development of steering system,especially the evaluation of steering comfort,the objective evaluation methods considered the kinematic characteristics of driver steering maneuver are not proposed,which means that the objective evaluation of steering cannot be conducted with the evaluation of kinematic characteristics of driver in steering maneuver.In order to propose the objective evaluation methods of steering comfort,the evaluation of steering movement quality of driver is developed on the basis of the study of the kinematic characteristics of steering maneuver.First,the steering motion trajectories of the driver in both comfortable and certain extreme uncomfortable operation conditions are detected using the Vicon motion capture system.The operation conditions are under the restrictions of the vertical height and horizontal distance between steering wheel center and the H-point of driver,and the steering resisting torque else.Next,the movement quality evaluation of driver steering maneuver is assessed using twelve kinds of evaluation indices based on the kinematic analyses of the steering motion trajectories to propose an objective evaluation method.Finally,an integrated discomfort index of steering maneuver is proposed on the basis of the regression analysis of subjective evaluation rating and the movement quality evaluation indices,including the Jerk,Discomfort and Joint Torque indices.The test results show that the proposed integrated discomfort index gives a good fitting with the subjective evaluation of discomfort,which means it can be used to evaluate or predict the discomfort level of steering maneuver.This paper proposes an objective evaluation method of steering comfort based on the movement quality evaluation of driver steering maneuver.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR202103050722)National Natural Science Foundation of China (41174098)。
文摘The tight-fractured gas reservoir of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Western Sichuan Depression has low porosity and permeability. This study presents a DNN-based method for identifying gas-bearing strata in tight sandstone. First, multi-component composite seismic attributes are obtained.The strong nonlinear relationships between multi-component composite attributes and gas-bearing reservoirs can be constrained through a DNN. Therefore, we identify and predict the gas-bearing strata using a DNN. Then, sample data are fed into the DNN for training and testing. After optimized network parameters are determined by the performance curves and empirical formulas, the best deep learning gas-bearing prediction model is determined. The composite seismic attributes can then be fed into the model to extrapolate the hydrocarbon-bearing characteristics from known drilling areas to the entire region for predicting the gas reservoir distribution. Finally, we assess the proposed method in terms of the structure and fracture characteristics and predict favorable exploration areas for identifying gas reservoirs.
基金Projects(41161020,41261026) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(BQD2012013) supported by the Research starting Funds for Imported Talents,Ningxia University,China+1 种基金Project(ZR1209) supported by the Natural Science Funds,Ningxia University,ChinaProject(NGY2013005) supported by the Key Science Project of Colleges and Universities in Ningxia,China
文摘To develop a better approach for spatial evaluation of drinking water quality, an intelligent evaluation method integrating a geographical information system(GIS) and an ant colony clustering algorithm(ACCA) was used. Drinking water samples from 29 wells in Zhenping County, China, were collected and analyzed. 35 parameters on water quality were selected, such as chloride concentration, sulphate concentration, total hardness, nitrate concentration, fluoride concentration, turbidity, pH, chromium concentration, COD, bacterium amount, total coliforms and color. The best spatial interpolation methods for the 35 parameters were found and selected from all types of interpolation methods in GIS environment according to the minimum cross-validation errors. The ACCA was improved through three strategies, namely mixed distance function, average similitude degree and probability conversion functions. Then, the ACCA was carried out to obtain different water quality grades in the GIS environment. In the end, the result from the ACCA was compared with those from the competitive Hopfield neural network(CHNN) to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the ACCA according to three evaluation indexes, which are stochastic sampling method, pixel amount and convergence speed. It is shown that the spatial water quality grades obtained from the ACCA were more effective, accurate and intelligent than those obtained from the CHNN.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81573542&81403054)Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(2019-JYB-JS-006).
文摘Background:Magnolia bark(Magnolia Officinalis REHD.&WILS.and Magnolia officinalis REHD.&WILS.VAR.biloba REHD.&WILS,Hou Po in Chinese),is widely applied in clinical prescriptions and Chinese patent medicines.Origin place is a crucial factor affecting the quality of Hou Po,and chemical composition is an important index for evaluating its quality,which is closely related to its clinical efficacy.This study aims to develop a novel method for rapidly,accurately and comprehensively identifying the origin places of Hou Po and predicting the contents of its important chemical components.Methods:High performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze the contents of magnolol and honokiol and ultra-performance liquid chromatography the contents of magnocurarine and magnoflorine.The cold soak method was used to determine the contents of water-soluble extracts.The E-nose and colorimeter were used to determine the odor and color characteristics,respectively,of the collected Hou Po samples.Results:Using several statistical algorithms,different discriminant models based on the E-nose and colorimeter data were established to distinguish the origin place of Hou-Po and predict the chemical components of honokiol,magnolol,magnocurarine,magnoflorine and water-soluble extracts.The results showed that the Random Forest classifier combined with the ten-fold cross-validation method provided the highest classification accuracy for origin place,accounting for 99.53%among these models.The correlation coefficients between predicted and experimental values of the five chemical components were all higher than 0.96.Conclusion:This study has indicated that the electronic nose and colorimeter are promising methods for evaluating the quality of Chinese herbal medicines both qualitatively and quantitatively.
文摘Smart grid puts forward higher requirements for power quality.Power quality evaluation can provide a decision-making basis for quality improvement.Based on power quality monitoring data,a grey target method is proposed for power quality evaluation.The grey target is composed of power quality evaluation standard and power quality monitoring data to be evaluated.Combining with the characteristics of each power quality evaluation index,the target center of the whole grey target system is found.Then,the power quality monitoring data to be evaluated and the power quality standard mode are compared and analyzed to construct the power quality grey correlation difference information space.Finally,the target center coefficient and target degree of power quality are calculated to realize the comprehensive evaluation of power quality,and the evaluation grade of power quality monitoring data to be evaluated is obtained.Compared with the evaluation results of the existing literature,the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified,which shows that grey target theory is reasonable in the comprehensive evaluation of power quality.
基金National Project for Standardization of Chinese Material Medica(Grant No.ZYBZH-Y-GD-13)。
文摘To evaluate the quality of Polyporus umbellatus,we established a simple,repeatable and reliable method based on high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)for specific chromatogram and fingerprint analysis,which was applied to analyze samples of medicinal materials and decoction pieces collected from different regions.Finally,ten characteristic peaks were designated in the specific chromatograms and applied to the authenticate identification of P.umbellatus samples.Nine common peaks were designated in the fingerprints,and then the similarities between 32 batches of samples were calculated.Among them,eight compounds were identified by HPLC-APCI-IT-TOF-MS^(n),four of which were identified in specific chromatograms and four in fingerprints.In the present study,we,for the first time,combined HPLC specific chromatograms and fingerprints for the species identification and quality evaluation of P.umbellatus.Collectively,our findings provided a new method for establishing a comprehensive quality standard of P.umbellatus.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11472075)
文摘Traditional quality inspection based product quality evaluation method with complex process has high operating cost and requires more professional knowledge. To remove the above limitation, this paper leads product gene theory into product quality evaluation. Methods of quality influencing factors based modeling and encoding are established. Combined with similarity theory and product gene theory, a product gene similarity analysis based quality evaluation method is proposed. The proposed method is low cost, operates easily and requires less specialized knowledge. A case study is conducted to prove the correctness and feasibility of this method.
基金supported by Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZYYCXTD-D 202005)Tianjin Science and Technology Planning Project(No.19YFZCSY00170)the Key Project at Central Government Level(No.2060302).
文摘Background:Pinelliae Rhizoma(Banxia)is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine,and its quality issues are related to the safety and effectiveness of the medicine.Several pharmacological experiments have shown that Pinelliae Rhizoma has anti-inflammatory activity,but the specific chemical components remain unclear.Methods:In the present study,network pharmacology was used to analyze the potential active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of Pinelliae Rhizoma’s anti-inflammatory activity.A new approach to simultaneously determine eight components using high performance liquid chromatography-photo-diode array was developed to evaluate the quality of Pinelliae Rhizoma and different processed Pinelliae Rhizoma products.Results:Twelve active ingredients were identified from Pinelliae Rhizoma,andβ-sitosterol may have a greater effect than the other active ingredients.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed the main pathways associated with Pinelliae Rhizoma’s mechanism for treating inflammation.Additionally,theβ-sitosterol content in different processed Pinelliae Rhizoma products decreased significantly,and the level of five nucleosides in Pinelliae Rhizoma was significantly higher than that of the processed Pinelliae Rhizoma products.The 6-gingerol content was detected in eight Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine batches with different origins,and liquiritin and liquiritigenin levels were detected in eight batches of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum with different origins.Conclusion:Pinelliae Rhizoma quality was affected by different regions and different processing methods,and this research provides a reference for Pinelliae Rhizoma quality evaluation.
