A high performance liquid chromatographic method was used for the simultaneous identification and qualitative evaluation of 12 bufadienolides（resibufogenin, einobufagin, cinobufaginol, arenobufagin, bufalin, bufotali...A high performance liquid chromatographic method was used for the simultaneous identification and qualitative evaluation of 12 bufadienolides（resibufogenin, einobufagin, cinobufaginol, arenobufagin, bufalin, bufotalin, gamabufotalin, cinobufotalin, ψ-bufaranogin, desacetylcinobufagin, telocinobufagin and resibufogenol） in Venenum Bufonis. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Dikma C18 analytical column via gradient elution with an aqueous solution of acetonitrile and 0.3% acetic acid at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The method was validated to be acceptable in consideration of linearity（r2 〉 0.9992） and recovery（ranged from 98.9% to 102.0%）. The limits of detection of the bufadienolides were from 0.48 ng for bufalin to 6.00 ng for cinobufotalin. The intra-day and inter-day precisions of the method were evaluated and were less than 3.0%. The method was successfully used to analyze 19 batches of Venenum Bufonis, and the similarity values between batches were calculated by Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM（Version 2004A, Chinese Pharmacopoeia Committee, Beijing）. The results show that the contents of bufadienolides in the medicine and the similarity values based on these bufadienolides varied significantly from batch to batch. This proposed method could be utilized to qualify and control Venenum Bufonis to ensure its safety and efficacy in application.展开更多
Blast furnace(BF)operation state was difficult to characterize,measure,and predict.To solve this problem,an intelligent evaluation and advanced prediction method of BF operation state based on industry big data and ma...Blast furnace(BF)operation state was difficult to characterize,measure,and predict.To solve this problem,an intelligent evaluation and advanced prediction method of BF operation state based on industry big data and machine learning was proposed.Based on the criteria of high productivity,low consumption,high quality,smooth running and long life,five BF parameters were extracted according to production experience and metallurgy process.Using the unsupervised learning,a 4-grade evaluation rule was established to realize the intelligent rating of BF operation state.Based on Kendall and maximal information coefficient,70 BF parameters with the most characteristic power of BF operation state were determined.The weights of BF parameters were calculated by applying the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation and the grey correlation degree.The weights of raw material,fuel,gas distribution,cooling stave,BF hearth,and iron and slag were 0.241,0.213,0.140,0.098,0.117 and 0.191,respectively.The weight of data interval was calculated by using the grading algorithm and the monotonicity,and then,the intelligent scoring mechanism based on the multiple weights was formed.It was beneficial to qualitatively and quantitatively characterizing the“black box”BF operation state.Furthermore,combining the algorithm and the evaluation mechanism,a graded prediction model of BF operation state was developed and proposed.It was shown that,compared with the conventional prediction model,the mean absolute error and mean square error of the graded prediction model were reduced by 0.35 and 1.29,respectively,while the explained variation was increased by 14.56%,the hit rate was increased by 5.1%within the error of 3%,and the average hit rate was more than 90.6%.It could be applied to reliably predict the score of BF operation state in the next hour and accurately provide the support for the practical controlling of the running BF.展开更多
A novel and sensitive HPLC-UV method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of twelve major compounds in Longdan Xiegan Pill.The chemical profile of the twelve compounds,including geniposidic acid（1）,...A novel and sensitive HPLC-UV method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of twelve major compounds in Longdan Xiegan Pill.The chemical profile of the twelve compounds,including geniposidic acid（1）,geniposide（2）,gentiopicroside（3）,liquiritin（4）,crocin（5）,baicalin（6）,wogonoside（7）,baicalein（8）,glycyrrhizic acid（9）,wogonin（10）,oroxylin A（11）and aristolochic acid A（12）,was acquired using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector coupled with an electrospray tandem mass spectrometer（HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS）.The analysis was performed on a Dikma Platisil ODS C18 column（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）with a gradient solvent system of acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous formic acid.The validation was carried out and the linearities（r〉0.9996）,repeatability（RSD〈1.8%）,intra-and inter-day precision（RSD〈1.3%）,and recoveries（ranging from 96.6% to 103.4%）were acceptable.The limits of detection（LOD）of these compounds ranged from 0.29 to 4.17 ng.Aristolochic acid A,which is the toxic ingredient,was not detected in all the batches of Longdan Xiegan Pill.Furthermore,hierarchical cluster analysis was used to evaluate the variation of the herbal prescription.The proposed method is simple,effective and suitable for the quality control of this traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）.展开更多
This paper aims to evaluate the possible transgenerational transmission of a mechanism of addiction triggered by a specific type of attachment and the prevalence of psychological trauma in the descendants. 22 adults (...This paper aims to evaluate the possible transgenerational transmission of a mechanism of addiction triggered by a specific type of attachment and the prevalence of psychological trauma in the descendants. 22 adults (alcoholics, drug addicts, and heroin addicts) aged 23 to 56 followed in an addictology treatment centre are participated. Measurements: We evaluated the prevalence of family ascendants on our population using two semi structured interviews and a genogram. Potential psychological trauma was measured with the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the quality of attachment with the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). Findings: 95% of patients have direct ascendants who suffer from addiction. 86% of patients suffered emotional negligence during childhood. Physical abuse is frequent (41%) as well as emotional abuse (50%), which proves a form of mistreatment and explains the presence of an insecure attachment. Conclusion: Addicts have often been neglected and have lived in emotional deprivation during childhood, which is the reason for an insecure attachment. The ascendants, who often suffer from addiction themselves, have, because of their pathology, contributed to a possible transgenerational transmission of the mechanism of addiction via the quality of the affective links with their children.展开更多
Background:The selection of China annual major medical innovation organized by Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)has attracted increasing attention from the Chinese government and all sectors of society.It aims...Background:The selection of China annual major medical innovation organized by Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)has attracted increasing attention from the Chinese government and all sectors of society.It aims to explore a classification evaluation system that can reflect the characteristics of medical scientific and technological achievements,and advocate the proper value orientation of scientific and technological innovation.This study is the first public report on the selection process and results of China annual major medical innovation 2022.Methods:The selection of"China annual major medical innovation 2022"was supported by multidimensional data,and the quantitative evaluation of key analysis indicators was combined with peer expert review.It is the first time to put forward the inflection point calculation theory in individual academic domains and apply it to the evaluation of medical achievements,which shows the characteristics of each subject.The classification and evaluation were carried out according to the six medical domains of clinical medicine,stomatology,fundamental medicine and biology,pharmacology,public health and environment,and biomedical engineering and information.Results:The 31 major healthcare items were recognized in"China annual major medical innovation 2022",including 7 items in clinical medicine,4 in stomatology,8 in fundamental medicine and biology,2 in pharmacology,5 in public health and environment,and 5 in biomedical engineering and informatics.Conclusions:The selection of China annual major medical innovation has been organized and carried out by the CAMS for four consecutive years,and it is released once a year.The scientificity and credibility of the evaluation method and process have been continuously improved,bringing a certain social influence.At the same time,this study has a certain further space in the selection and weight design of key analysis indicators,the accuracy of the subject category for the results,the richness of the inflection point calculation theory in individual academic domains,and the scientific nature of multi-subject peer review.展开更多
Background:Cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL),endemic in Guatemala,mostly affects poor people living in the northern region.A national control program that ineludes surveillanee,diagnose,and treatment offered free of cost by...Background:Cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL),endemic in Guatemala,mostly affects poor people living in the northern region.A national control program that ineludes surveillanee,diagnose,and treatment offered free of cost by the Ministry of Health(MoH)has been in place since 2003.However,the incidence is increasing and treatment rates are not optimal,suggesting that current efforts are not being effective.This study aimed to understand barriers and facilitators of CL control in Guatemala as experienced and perceived by key stakeholders in order to comprehend what works well and does not and suggest evidence-informed interventions.Methods:The study was conducted in the Coban municipality,the most endemic of Guatemala,situated in the Department of Alta Verapaz.Data were collected during May and June 2019 via focus groups and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders,including local and national health personnel and residents of four communities of the endemic region.Thematic and content analysis of the collected data was conducted using NVIVO.Results:Three overarching issues hamper the effectiveness of current CL efforts:resource scarcity,treatment challenges,and knowledge-action gaps.Scarce economic resources from the MoH and community residents negatively impact incidence,detection of cases and treatment rates in that preventive action is insufficient and healthcare access is low.In addition,local health workers often lack specialized CL training and access to the national CL control guidelines.With regards to the population living in the study area,misunderstanding of disease causation,shame associated with CL lesions,treatment pain fear,and long(often uncertain)waiting times for diagnose and treatment negatively affect people's willingness to seek help,treatment adherence,and their trust on the healthcare provided.Conclusions:Culturally sensitive CL preventive action must be developed.Given the scarce economic resources available for CL control in the country,the involvement of trained community health workers and the inelusion of thermotherapy as a treatment option is also advised.Other cost-effective actions include:ensuring all health workers receive CL training and have access to national CL control guidelines,improving national procurement system to avoid treatment shortages,and provision of motorized vehicles to increase active surveillance and treatment rates.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Researeh Program of China(No.2007CB507400)the National High Technology Research and Development Program(No.2006AA02Z338)+1 种基金Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities of China(PCSIRT)Partly Supported by the Scientific Foundation of Shanghai City,China(Nos.05DZ19733,06DZ19717,06DZ19005)
文摘A high performance liquid chromatographic method was used for the simultaneous identification and qualitative evaluation of 12 bufadienolides（resibufogenin, einobufagin, cinobufaginol, arenobufagin, bufalin, bufotalin, gamabufotalin, cinobufotalin, ψ-bufaranogin, desacetylcinobufagin, telocinobufagin and resibufogenol） in Venenum Bufonis. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Dikma C18 analytical column via gradient elution with an aqueous solution of acetonitrile and 0.3% acetic acid at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The method was validated to be acceptable in consideration of linearity（r2 〉 0.9992） and recovery（ranged from 98.9% to 102.0%）. The limits of detection of the bufadienolides were from 0.48 ng for bufalin to 6.00 ng for cinobufotalin. The intra-day and inter-day precisions of the method were evaluated and were less than 3.0%. The method was successfully used to analyze 19 batches of Venenum Bufonis, and the similarity values between batches were calculated by Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM（Version 2004A, Chinese Pharmacopoeia Committee, Beijing）. The results show that the contents of bufadienolides in the medicine and the similarity values based on these bufadienolides varied significantly from batch to batch. This proposed method could be utilized to qualify and control Venenum Bufonis to ensure its safety and efficacy in application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52404343,52274326,and 52404341)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2425031,N25BJD007)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M760370)the Liaoning Province Science and Technology Plan Joint Program(Key Research and Development Program Project)(2023JH2/101800058).
文摘Blast furnace(BF)operation state was difficult to characterize,measure,and predict.To solve this problem,an intelligent evaluation and advanced prediction method of BF operation state based on industry big data and machine learning was proposed.Based on the criteria of high productivity,low consumption,high quality,smooth running and long life,five BF parameters were extracted according to production experience and metallurgy process.Using the unsupervised learning,a 4-grade evaluation rule was established to realize the intelligent rating of BF operation state.Based on Kendall and maximal information coefficient,70 BF parameters with the most characteristic power of BF operation state were determined.The weights of BF parameters were calculated by applying the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation and the grey correlation degree.The weights of raw material,fuel,gas distribution,cooling stave,BF hearth,and iron and slag were 0.241,0.213,0.140,0.098,0.117 and 0.191,respectively.The weight of data interval was calculated by using the grading algorithm and the monotonicity,and then,the intelligent scoring mechanism based on the multiple weights was formed.It was beneficial to qualitatively and quantitatively characterizing the“black box”BF operation state.Furthermore,combining the algorithm and the evaluation mechanism,a graded prediction model of BF operation state was developed and proposed.It was shown that,compared with the conventional prediction model,the mean absolute error and mean square error of the graded prediction model were reduced by 0.35 and 1.29,respectively,while the explained variation was increased by 14.56%,the hit rate was increased by 5.1%within the error of 3%,and the average hit rate was more than 90.6%.It could be applied to reliably predict the score of BF operation state in the next hour and accurately provide the support for the practical controlling of the running BF.
基金supported by program NCET Foundation,NSFC(30725045)the Special Program for New Drug Innovation of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2009ZX09311-001,2008ZX09101-Z-029)+1 种基金Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(B906)by the Scientific Foundation of Shanghai,China(07DZ19728,09DZ1975700,09DZ1971500)
文摘A novel and sensitive HPLC-UV method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of twelve major compounds in Longdan Xiegan Pill.The chemical profile of the twelve compounds,including geniposidic acid（1）,geniposide（2）,gentiopicroside（3）,liquiritin（4）,crocin（5）,baicalin（6）,wogonoside（7）,baicalein（8）,glycyrrhizic acid（9）,wogonin（10）,oroxylin A（11）and aristolochic acid A（12）,was acquired using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector coupled with an electrospray tandem mass spectrometer（HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS）.The analysis was performed on a Dikma Platisil ODS C18 column（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）with a gradient solvent system of acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous formic acid.The validation was carried out and the linearities（r〉0.9996）,repeatability（RSD〈1.8%）,intra-and inter-day precision（RSD〈1.3%）,and recoveries（ranging from 96.6% to 103.4%）were acceptable.The limits of detection（LOD）of these compounds ranged from 0.29 to 4.17 ng.Aristolochic acid A,which is the toxic ingredient,was not detected in all the batches of Longdan Xiegan Pill.Furthermore,hierarchical cluster analysis was used to evaluate the variation of the herbal prescription.The proposed method is simple,effective and suitable for the quality control of this traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）.
文摘This paper aims to evaluate the possible transgenerational transmission of a mechanism of addiction triggered by a specific type of attachment and the prevalence of psychological trauma in the descendants. 22 adults (alcoholics, drug addicts, and heroin addicts) aged 23 to 56 followed in an addictology treatment centre are participated. Measurements: We evaluated the prevalence of family ascendants on our population using two semi structured interviews and a genogram. Potential psychological trauma was measured with the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the quality of attachment with the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). Findings: 95% of patients have direct ascendants who suffer from addiction. 86% of patients suffered emotional negligence during childhood. Physical abuse is frequent (41%) as well as emotional abuse (50%), which proves a form of mistreatment and explains the presence of an insecure attachment. Conclusion: Addicts have often been neglected and have lived in emotional deprivation during childhood, which is the reason for an insecure attachment. The ascendants, who often suffer from addiction themselves, have, because of their pathology, contributed to a possible transgenerational transmission of the mechanism of addiction via the quality of the affective links with their children.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS,2021-I2M-1-056).
文摘Background:The selection of China annual major medical innovation organized by Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)has attracted increasing attention from the Chinese government and all sectors of society.It aims to explore a classification evaluation system that can reflect the characteristics of medical scientific and technological achievements,and advocate the proper value orientation of scientific and technological innovation.This study is the first public report on the selection process and results of China annual major medical innovation 2022.Methods:The selection of"China annual major medical innovation 2022"was supported by multidimensional data,and the quantitative evaluation of key analysis indicators was combined with peer expert review.It is the first time to put forward the inflection point calculation theory in individual academic domains and apply it to the evaluation of medical achievements,which shows the characteristics of each subject.The classification and evaluation were carried out according to the six medical domains of clinical medicine,stomatology,fundamental medicine and biology,pharmacology,public health and environment,and biomedical engineering and information.Results:The 31 major healthcare items were recognized in"China annual major medical innovation 2022",including 7 items in clinical medicine,4 in stomatology,8 in fundamental medicine and biology,2 in pharmacology,5 in public health and environment,and 5 in biomedical engineering and informatics.Conclusions:The selection of China annual major medical innovation has been organized and carried out by the CAMS for four consecutive years,and it is released once a year.The scientificity and credibility of the evaluation method and process have been continuously improved,bringing a certain social influence.At the same time,this study has a certain further space in the selection and weight design of key analysis indicators,the accuracy of the subject category for the results,the richness of the inflection point calculation theory in individual academic domains,and the scientific nature of multi-subject peer review.
基金funded by the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Program for Research andTraining in Tropical Diseases(TDR),a program co-sponsored by the World Health Organization(WHO)as part of the call for proposals:'Embedding Research for the Sustainable Development Goals(ERSDG)initiative.This funding source has not influeneed the collection,analysis,or interpretation of data.
文摘Background:Cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL),endemic in Guatemala,mostly affects poor people living in the northern region.A national control program that ineludes surveillanee,diagnose,and treatment offered free of cost by the Ministry of Health(MoH)has been in place since 2003.However,the incidence is increasing and treatment rates are not optimal,suggesting that current efforts are not being effective.This study aimed to understand barriers and facilitators of CL control in Guatemala as experienced and perceived by key stakeholders in order to comprehend what works well and does not and suggest evidence-informed interventions.Methods:The study was conducted in the Coban municipality,the most endemic of Guatemala,situated in the Department of Alta Verapaz.Data were collected during May and June 2019 via focus groups and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders,including local and national health personnel and residents of four communities of the endemic region.Thematic and content analysis of the collected data was conducted using NVIVO.Results:Three overarching issues hamper the effectiveness of current CL efforts:resource scarcity,treatment challenges,and knowledge-action gaps.Scarce economic resources from the MoH and community residents negatively impact incidence,detection of cases and treatment rates in that preventive action is insufficient and healthcare access is low.In addition,local health workers often lack specialized CL training and access to the national CL control guidelines.With regards to the population living in the study area,misunderstanding of disease causation,shame associated with CL lesions,treatment pain fear,and long(often uncertain)waiting times for diagnose and treatment negatively affect people's willingness to seek help,treatment adherence,and their trust on the healthcare provided.Conclusions:Culturally sensitive CL preventive action must be developed.Given the scarce economic resources available for CL control in the country,the involvement of trained community health workers and the inelusion of thermotherapy as a treatment option is also advised.Other cost-effective actions include:ensuring all health workers receive CL training and have access to national CL control guidelines,improving national procurement system to avoid treatment shortages,and provision of motorized vehicles to increase active surveillance and treatment rates.
