干法后处理技术是国际上公认的可实现核燃料闭式循环的技术之一。在过去的十几年中,中国科学院上海应用物理研究所(Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,SINAP)一直专注于干法后处理技术的开发。热室及...干法后处理技术是国际上公认的可实现核燃料闭式循环的技术之一。在过去的十几年中,中国科学院上海应用物理研究所(Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,SINAP)一直专注于干法后处理技术的开发。热室及热室内的远程操作系统是实施乏燃料干法后处理工艺的重要技术保障,也是SINAP在乏燃料后处理领域内主要的研究方向之一。本研究以氟化挥发、减压蒸馏两项干法技术的工艺设备为研究对象,开展了热室内设备的远程操作评估和干法工艺验证实验。实验结果表明:在热室内工艺设备布置合理的基础上,工艺单元操作中,装料和出料的工作负荷较大,其负荷值在2.0以上;在两种工艺实验过程中,开/关操作的负荷值均较小,分别为0.07和0.14;螺栓旋紧/旋松、装料和出料等耗时较长,操作效率低;热室内干法工艺验证实验中,熔盐体系铀氟化分离工艺实现了铀转化率为99.8%,铀产物回收率大于99%;熔盐减压蒸馏工艺实现了较高熔盐蒸发量和100%熔盐蒸馏回收率。本研究工作将为实现热室内真实乏燃料的干法后处理提供重要参考依据。展开更多
Korea imports about 97% of its energy resources as its available energy resources are extremely limited. Thus, the role of nuclear power in electricity generation is expected to become more important in future years. ...Korea imports about 97% of its energy resources as its available energy resources are extremely limited. Thus, the role of nuclear power in electricity generation is expected to become more important in future years. A fast reactor system is one of the most promising options for electricity generation with an efficient utilization of uranium resources and a reduction of radioactive wastes. Based on the experiences gained during the development of the conceptual designs for KALIMER （Korea advanced liquid metal reactor）, the KAERI （Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute） is currently developing advanced SFR （sodium cooled fast reactor） design concepts that can better meet the Gen IV （Generation IV） technology goals. The long-term advanced SFR development plan will be carried out toward the construction of an advanced SFR demonstration plant by 2028. Advanced concept design studies and the development of the advanced SFR technologies necessary for its commercialization and basic key technologies carried out by KAERI are included in this paper.展开更多
采用空气冷却的方式,在FLi Na K熔盐体系中开展了熔盐冷冻壁的形成工艺实验,考察了冷冻壁形成状态、温度分布及传热规律等。结果表明,冷冻壁形成过程中熔盐凝固界面沿逆热流方向逐渐推进,厚度增长速率与冷却热流量正相关,径向温度分布...采用空气冷却的方式,在FLi Na K熔盐体系中开展了熔盐冷冻壁的形成工艺实验,考察了冷冻壁形成状态、温度分布及传热规律等。结果表明,冷冻壁形成过程中熔盐凝固界面沿逆热流方向逐渐推进,厚度增长速率与冷却热流量正相关,径向温度分布及传热规律均符合理论预期,但不同高度上换热不均导致轴向上冷冻壁厚度有一定差异,需考虑熔盐自然对流的影响并优化容器外壁换热方式。研究结果可为配置冷冻壁功能设备的设计尤其是换热器结构的优化提供数据支撑。展开更多
Electro-reduction of spent nuclear oxide fuels in molten salt was the key step of pyroprocessing for oxide fuel treatment. In the present study, the E-pO^2- diagram for rare earth elements in molten Li Cl-KCl at 450 o...Electro-reduction of spent nuclear oxide fuels in molten salt was the key step of pyroprocessing for oxide fuel treatment. In the present study, the E-pO^2- diagram for rare earth elements in molten Li Cl-KCl at 450 oC were developed based available experimental data. E-pO^2- diagrams could show the stability of each chemical compound in the salt, and therefore, the diagrams could be applied to predict experimental conditions for electro-reduction of spent nuclear fuel efficiently. Compared with the available E-pO^2-diagrams, the present study concerned the activity coefficient of the element studied in the molten salt in all reactions, which made the diagram be more reliable and accurate.展开更多
This work presents a comprehensive study for the electrochemical behaviors of zirconium in LiCl-KCl eutectic.The effects of stirring,temperature and Zr concentration on the electrode reactions,the ZrCl_4 sublimation f...This work presents a comprehensive study for the electrochemical behaviors of zirconium in LiCl-KCl eutectic.The effects of stirring,temperature and Zr concentration on the electrode reactions,the ZrCl_4 sublimation from the melt,microcosmic morphologies of Zr deposits(ZrCl and Zr)obtained at different potential and temperature have been investigated.The behaviors of Zr(Ⅳ),on a large concentration range from 0.13%to 2.28%in melt,show a multiple-step reaction involving Zr(Ⅳ),Zr(Ⅱ),ZrCl and Zr species.Temperature plays a crucial role on the changes of Zr(IV)reduction behavior on the solid electrode.The Zr(Ⅳ)/ZrCl couple is more easily observed at lower temperature and gradually diminishes with the increase of temperature.The Zr(Ⅳ)/Zr(Ⅱ)and Zr(Ⅱ)/Zr reactions are predominant on the W electrode at higher temperatures.At 673 K,a layered structure of insoluble ZrCl formed by potentiostatic electrolyses at 1.1 V was visualized by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray(SEM-EDS),while only Zr metal particles was observed at higher temperature than 773 K.An evolution of the Zr-based structure and size corresponding to the ZrCl and Zr metal based on different potentiostatic electrolysis was observed.The average particle size of the Zr metalparticles increases with the increase of temperature.展开更多
文摘干法后处理技术是国际上公认的可实现核燃料闭式循环的技术之一。在过去的十几年中,中国科学院上海应用物理研究所(Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,SINAP)一直专注于干法后处理技术的开发。热室及热室内的远程操作系统是实施乏燃料干法后处理工艺的重要技术保障,也是SINAP在乏燃料后处理领域内主要的研究方向之一。本研究以氟化挥发、减压蒸馏两项干法技术的工艺设备为研究对象,开展了热室内设备的远程操作评估和干法工艺验证实验。实验结果表明:在热室内工艺设备布置合理的基础上,工艺单元操作中,装料和出料的工作负荷较大,其负荷值在2.0以上;在两种工艺实验过程中,开/关操作的负荷值均较小,分别为0.07和0.14;螺栓旋紧/旋松、装料和出料等耗时较长,操作效率低;热室内干法工艺验证实验中,熔盐体系铀氟化分离工艺实现了铀转化率为99.8%,铀产物回收率大于99%;熔盐减压蒸馏工艺实现了较高熔盐蒸发量和100%熔盐蒸馏回收率。本研究工作将为实现热室内真实乏燃料的干法后处理提供重要参考依据。
文摘Korea imports about 97% of its energy resources as its available energy resources are extremely limited. Thus, the role of nuclear power in electricity generation is expected to become more important in future years. A fast reactor system is one of the most promising options for electricity generation with an efficient utilization of uranium resources and a reduction of radioactive wastes. Based on the experiences gained during the development of the conceptual designs for KALIMER （Korea advanced liquid metal reactor）, the KAERI （Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute） is currently developing advanced SFR （sodium cooled fast reactor） design concepts that can better meet the Gen IV （Generation IV） technology goals. The long-term advanced SFR development plan will be carried out toward the construction of an advanced SFR demonstration plant by 2028. Advanced concept design studies and the development of the advanced SFR technologies necessary for its commercialization and basic key technologies carried out by KAERI are included in this paper.
文摘采用空气冷却的方式,在FLi Na K熔盐体系中开展了熔盐冷冻壁的形成工艺实验,考察了冷冻壁形成状态、温度分布及传热规律等。结果表明,冷冻壁形成过程中熔盐凝固界面沿逆热流方向逐渐推进,厚度增长速率与冷却热流量正相关,径向温度分布及传热规律均符合理论预期,但不同高度上换热不均导致轴向上冷冻壁厚度有一定差异,需考虑熔盐自然对流的影响并优化容器外壁换热方式。研究结果可为配置冷冻壁功能设备的设计尤其是换热器结构的优化提供数据支撑。
基金Project supported by DOE Office of Nuclear Energy’s Nuclear Energy University Programs(14-6489)
文摘Electro-reduction of spent nuclear oxide fuels in molten salt was the key step of pyroprocessing for oxide fuel treatment. In the present study, the E-pO^2- diagram for rare earth elements in molten Li Cl-KCl at 450 oC were developed based available experimental data. E-pO^2- diagrams could show the stability of each chemical compound in the salt, and therefore, the diagrams could be applied to predict experimental conditions for electro-reduction of spent nuclear fuel efficiently. Compared with the available E-pO^2-diagrams, the present study concerned the activity coefficient of the element studied in the molten salt in all reactions, which made the diagram be more reliable and accurate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91426302,91126006,91326202)the "Strategic Priority Research program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA030104)
文摘This work presents a comprehensive study for the electrochemical behaviors of zirconium in LiCl-KCl eutectic.The effects of stirring,temperature and Zr concentration on the electrode reactions,the ZrCl_4 sublimation from the melt,microcosmic morphologies of Zr deposits(ZrCl and Zr)obtained at different potential and temperature have been investigated.The behaviors of Zr(Ⅳ),on a large concentration range from 0.13%to 2.28%in melt,show a multiple-step reaction involving Zr(Ⅳ),Zr(Ⅱ),ZrCl and Zr species.Temperature plays a crucial role on the changes of Zr(IV)reduction behavior on the solid electrode.The Zr(Ⅳ)/ZrCl couple is more easily observed at lower temperature and gradually diminishes with the increase of temperature.The Zr(Ⅳ)/Zr(Ⅱ)and Zr(Ⅱ)/Zr reactions are predominant on the W electrode at higher temperatures.At 673 K,a layered structure of insoluble ZrCl formed by potentiostatic electrolyses at 1.1 V was visualized by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray(SEM-EDS),while only Zr metal particles was observed at higher temperature than 773 K.An evolution of the Zr-based structure and size corresponding to the ZrCl and Zr metal based on different potentiostatic electrolysis was observed.The average particle size of the Zr metalparticles increases with the increase of temperature.
