The Santa Fe River (SFR) is within the north Florida area of the regional Floridan aquifer system. The extent of recent flood damage in the SFR and tributaries in Bradford County has been attributed to rainfall and wi...The Santa Fe River (SFR) is within the north Florida area of the regional Floridan aquifer system. The extent of recent flood damage in the SFR and tributaries in Bradford County has been attributed to rainfall and wind damage to trees associated with Hurricane Irma, September 2017. Implications of the determined cause of a disaster can include the allocation of disaster relief funds. Bradford County, Florida obtained approximately $2.5 million from the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) for emergency flood abatement assistance and $255,875 from the Suwannee River Water Management District (SRWMD), combined with $13,750 in-kind match provided by the county, based on the attributed cause of that damage to rainfall and winds from Hurricane Irma. On January 2, 2018, Bradford County commissioners also approved grant applications to the SRWMD for $2.2 million for Alligator Creek Flood Mitigation and for $90,250 for Hampton Lake Canal to Santa Fe River Flood Mitigation, requiring in-kind matches from the county of $110,000 and $4750, respectively. Our study analyzed historical precipitation data for the SFR Basin and headwaters from 1895 through 2017 and recorded discharge and gage heights from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) to evaluate that presumed cause of flood damage in that basin and to provide a better understanding of historical relationships between precipitation, gage data and flooding in that basin. Recorded USGS peak gage height and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) also were used to illustrate the lateral extent and relative depth of flooding associated with an extreme precipitation event in the lower SFR vicinity of O’Leno State Park. Finally, we evaluated the condition of the trees in the SFR Basin as an indicator of long-term anthropogenic groundwater alterations. Those data and analyses did not support the conclusion that Hurricane Irma was the only cause of the magnitude and extent of SFR flooding and tree damage in Bradford County and adjacent counties. Other contributors to stream flow in the SFR basin include heavy mineral mining wastewater discharges that have exceeded the maximum discharge volume of “40 million gallons a day” (MGD) under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit issued by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) to the Chemours Company TT LLC (Chemours, formerly DuPont) for Trail Ridge mining operations. The magnitude of those discharges suggests that those discharges and extensive Trail Ridge mining in Baker, Bradford, Clay, and Duval Counties contributed to the flooding and were a factor in the tree destruction in the SFR Basin.展开更多
BACKGROUND Treatment of fistulas arising from the third branchial cleft includes endoscopic cauterization or open cervical fistulectomy.Both approaches are associated with recurrence rates of 14%-18%,and possibly grea...BACKGROUND Treatment of fistulas arising from the third branchial cleft includes endoscopic cauterization or open cervical fistulectomy.Both approaches are associated with recurrence rates of 14%-18%,and possibly greater rates when the fistula has been treated operatively beforehand.Treatment of fistulas arising from the third branchial cleft is associated with an inordinate recurrence rate.Recurrence may be multifactorial and related to incomplete resection of all of the anatomical elements of the fistula.AIM To present a new approach that involves complete resection of the recurrent fistula by a combined therapeutic approach.METHODS Here,12 adult patients diagnosed with recurrent third branchial cleft fistulas underwent a combined therapy assisted by flexible fiber-optic pharyngoscopy to identify and resect the entry site of the fistula into the pyriform sinus.The fistulous opening into the pyriform sinus was identified by flexible fiber-optic pharyngoscopy.The application of intubation with a guidewire by pharyngoscopy,in addition to the removal of the partial excision of the thyroid cartilage,allowed complete resection of the opening and all parts of the fistula tract.RESULTS All of the internal openings of the fistulas in the pharynx were found and easily identified by flexible fiber-optic pharyngoscopy.All of the 12 patients underwent complete resection of the recurrent fistula by the combined therapeutic approach.There were no postoperative complications such as parapharyngeal abscess or wound infection,injury or dysfunction of the recurrent laryngeal or superior laryngeal nerves.The pharyngeal edema had degraded,and the pharyngeal wound healed postoperatively within 1 wk.Laryngeal endoscopy and voice analysis were performed on the 14th d post-operatively.Vocal cord movements did not change.The characters of voice for jitter,shimmer,and normalized noise energy were all within normal limits.In addition,no recurrences were observed during the 13-60 mo follow-up period.CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the proposed combined therapy is associated with excellent results,minimal morbidity,and no recurrence.展开更多
Dear editor,Though notorious for its tendency to induce recurrent neck abscess,pyriform sinus fistula is of importance despite its rarity.It usually presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.Because of post-infec...Dear editor,Though notorious for its tendency to induce recurrent neck abscess,pyriform sinus fistula is of importance despite its rarity.It usually presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.Because of post-infectious fi brosis,the embryologic origin of pyriform sinus fi stula is diffi cult to appreciate in certain cases.Here we present a case with empyema and mediastinal abscess caused by pyriform sinus fi stula and share our experience in the treatment of this patient.展开更多
Spider silk is capturing the attention of scientists for its mechanical properties,biocompatibility,and biodegradability.Spiders can produce six types of silks,as well as special glue,which are used for survival and r...Spider silk is capturing the attention of scientists for its mechanical properties,biocompatibility,and biodegradability.Spiders can produce six types of silks,as well as special glue,which are used for survival and reproduction.During the last years of research,scientists deciphered gene sequences and expressed the most common types of spider silks.However,matching the mechanical properties of recombinant spider silks to native ones is still a big challenge.Moreover,in-depth studies are mostly focused on natural and recombinant ampullate silks,and only a few studies showed achievements on pyriform spidroin(PySp).In this study,repeatable parts of PySp were expressed,purified,and spun into fibers.Recombinase cloning strategy allowed to create highly-repetitive region parts clones efficiently in comparison to the traditional restriction enzyme cloning technique.A cost-effective high-yield purification strategy was used.This study provides strategies that can help to design recombinant spider silks with the same mechanical properties as native spider silks.展开更多
Bird eggs can be spherical,ellipsoid,ovoid,or pear-shaped(pyriform),the latter being the most complex.There is however no unambiguous evolutionary/adaptive explanation for this final,exotic shape.We hypothesized that ...Bird eggs can be spherical,ellipsoid,ovoid,or pear-shaped(pyriform),the latter being the most complex.There is however no unambiguous evolutionary/adaptive explanation for this final,exotic shape.We hypothesized that pyriform eggs have a larger surface area-to-volume ratio(S/V)that may be a criterion for increased embryo metabolism.By integrating mathematical approaches,we confirmed this to be the case and developed a model of the egg metabolic rate defined as the ratio of S/V to its maximum possible value,depending on egg length.We found this to be inversely proportional to the egg incubation period and concluded that the complex pyriform shape is most likely due to embryo metabolism increase and,as a result,a reduction in the incubation period and shortened hatching time.As a result of this study,we conclude that some avian eggs are pyriform as this may attain a larger S/V ratio making them grow and hatch quicker.展开更多
Reconstruction of the hypopharynx and upper esophagus after resection of advanced pyriform sinus cancer. is usually complicated and time-consuming. Laryngotracheal flap was used in hypopharyngaesophageal reconstructio...Reconstruction of the hypopharynx and upper esophagus after resection of advanced pyriform sinus cancer. is usually complicated and time-consuming. Laryngotracheal flap was used in hypopharyngaesophageal reconstruction for 26 elderly patients with advanced pyriform sinus cancer Pharyngocutaneous fistula developed in 5 patients and healed spontaneously without further surgery. Full diet was resumed in all the patients. The surgical technique and its advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The laryngotracheal flap in the reconstruction of hypopharyngoesophageal defect for elderly patients is a procedure of choice.展开更多
文摘The Santa Fe River (SFR) is within the north Florida area of the regional Floridan aquifer system. The extent of recent flood damage in the SFR and tributaries in Bradford County has been attributed to rainfall and wind damage to trees associated with Hurricane Irma, September 2017. Implications of the determined cause of a disaster can include the allocation of disaster relief funds. Bradford County, Florida obtained approximately $2.5 million from the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) for emergency flood abatement assistance and $255,875 from the Suwannee River Water Management District (SRWMD), combined with $13,750 in-kind match provided by the county, based on the attributed cause of that damage to rainfall and winds from Hurricane Irma. On January 2, 2018, Bradford County commissioners also approved grant applications to the SRWMD for $2.2 million for Alligator Creek Flood Mitigation and for $90,250 for Hampton Lake Canal to Santa Fe River Flood Mitigation, requiring in-kind matches from the county of $110,000 and $4750, respectively. Our study analyzed historical precipitation data for the SFR Basin and headwaters from 1895 through 2017 and recorded discharge and gage heights from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) to evaluate that presumed cause of flood damage in that basin and to provide a better understanding of historical relationships between precipitation, gage data and flooding in that basin. Recorded USGS peak gage height and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) also were used to illustrate the lateral extent and relative depth of flooding associated with an extreme precipitation event in the lower SFR vicinity of O’Leno State Park. Finally, we evaluated the condition of the trees in the SFR Basin as an indicator of long-term anthropogenic groundwater alterations. Those data and analyses did not support the conclusion that Hurricane Irma was the only cause of the magnitude and extent of SFR flooding and tree damage in Bradford County and adjacent counties. Other contributors to stream flow in the SFR basin include heavy mineral mining wastewater discharges that have exceeded the maximum discharge volume of “40 million gallons a day” (MGD) under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit issued by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) to the Chemours Company TT LLC (Chemours, formerly DuPont) for Trail Ridge mining operations. The magnitude of those discharges suggests that those discharges and extensive Trail Ridge mining in Baker, Bradford, Clay, and Duval Counties contributed to the flooding and were a factor in the tree destruction in the SFR Basin.
文摘BACKGROUND Treatment of fistulas arising from the third branchial cleft includes endoscopic cauterization or open cervical fistulectomy.Both approaches are associated with recurrence rates of 14%-18%,and possibly greater rates when the fistula has been treated operatively beforehand.Treatment of fistulas arising from the third branchial cleft is associated with an inordinate recurrence rate.Recurrence may be multifactorial and related to incomplete resection of all of the anatomical elements of the fistula.AIM To present a new approach that involves complete resection of the recurrent fistula by a combined therapeutic approach.METHODS Here,12 adult patients diagnosed with recurrent third branchial cleft fistulas underwent a combined therapy assisted by flexible fiber-optic pharyngoscopy to identify and resect the entry site of the fistula into the pyriform sinus.The fistulous opening into the pyriform sinus was identified by flexible fiber-optic pharyngoscopy.The application of intubation with a guidewire by pharyngoscopy,in addition to the removal of the partial excision of the thyroid cartilage,allowed complete resection of the opening and all parts of the fistula tract.RESULTS All of the internal openings of the fistulas in the pharynx were found and easily identified by flexible fiber-optic pharyngoscopy.All of the 12 patients underwent complete resection of the recurrent fistula by the combined therapeutic approach.There were no postoperative complications such as parapharyngeal abscess or wound infection,injury or dysfunction of the recurrent laryngeal or superior laryngeal nerves.The pharyngeal edema had degraded,and the pharyngeal wound healed postoperatively within 1 wk.Laryngeal endoscopy and voice analysis were performed on the 14th d post-operatively.Vocal cord movements did not change.The characters of voice for jitter,shimmer,and normalized noise energy were all within normal limits.In addition,no recurrences were observed during the 13-60 mo follow-up period.CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the proposed combined therapy is associated with excellent results,minimal morbidity,and no recurrence.
文摘Dear editor,Though notorious for its tendency to induce recurrent neck abscess,pyriform sinus fistula is of importance despite its rarity.It usually presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.Because of post-infectious fi brosis,the embryologic origin of pyriform sinus fi stula is diffi cult to appreciate in certain cases.Here we present a case with empyema and mediastinal abscess caused by pyriform sinus fi stula and share our experience in the treatment of this patient.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31470836)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(No.19ZR1471000)。
文摘Spider silk is capturing the attention of scientists for its mechanical properties,biocompatibility,and biodegradability.Spiders can produce six types of silks,as well as special glue,which are used for survival and reproduction.During the last years of research,scientists deciphered gene sequences and expressed the most common types of spider silks.However,matching the mechanical properties of recombinant spider silks to native ones is still a big challenge.Moreover,in-depth studies are mostly focused on natural and recombinant ampullate silks,and only a few studies showed achievements on pyriform spidroin(PySp).In this study,repeatable parts of PySp were expressed,purified,and spun into fibers.Recombinase cloning strategy allowed to create highly-repetitive region parts clones efficiently in comparison to the traditional restriction enzyme cloning technique.A cost-effective high-yield purification strategy was used.This study provides strategies that can help to design recombinant spider silks with the same mechanical properties as native spider silks.
文摘Bird eggs can be spherical,ellipsoid,ovoid,or pear-shaped(pyriform),the latter being the most complex.There is however no unambiguous evolutionary/adaptive explanation for this final,exotic shape.We hypothesized that pyriform eggs have a larger surface area-to-volume ratio(S/V)that may be a criterion for increased embryo metabolism.By integrating mathematical approaches,we confirmed this to be the case and developed a model of the egg metabolic rate defined as the ratio of S/V to its maximum possible value,depending on egg length.We found this to be inversely proportional to the egg incubation period and concluded that the complex pyriform shape is most likely due to embryo metabolism increase and,as a result,a reduction in the incubation period and shortened hatching time.As a result of this study,we conclude that some avian eggs are pyriform as this may attain a larger S/V ratio making them grow and hatch quicker.
文摘Reconstruction of the hypopharynx and upper esophagus after resection of advanced pyriform sinus cancer. is usually complicated and time-consuming. Laryngotracheal flap was used in hypopharyngaesophageal reconstruction for 26 elderly patients with advanced pyriform sinus cancer Pharyngocutaneous fistula developed in 5 patients and healed spontaneously without further surgery. Full diet was resumed in all the patients. The surgical technique and its advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The laryngotracheal flap in the reconstruction of hypopharyngoesophageal defect for elderly patients is a procedure of choice.
