BACKGROUND Heart transplantation is a crucial intervention for severe heart failure,yet the challenge of organ rejection is significant.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)and their exosomes have demonstrated pot...BACKGROUND Heart transplantation is a crucial intervention for severe heart failure,yet the challenge of organ rejection is significant.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)and their exosomes have demonstrated potential in modulating T cells,dendtitic cells(DCs),and cytokines to achieve immunomodulatory effects.DCs,as key antigen-presenting cells,play a critical role in shaping immune responses by influencing T-cell activation and cytokine production.Through this modulation,BMSCs and their exosomes enhance graft tolerance and prolonging survival.AIM To explore the immunomodulatory effects of exosomes derived from BMSCs overexpressing microRNA-540-3p(miR-540-3p)on cardiac allograft tolerance,focusing on how these exosomes modulating DCs and T cells activity through the CD74/nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB)pathway.METHODS Rat models were used to assess the impact of miR-540-3p-enhanced exosomes on immune tolerance in cardiac allografts.MiR-540-3p expression was manipulated in BMSCs,and derived exosomes were collected and administered to the rat models post-heart transplantation.The study monitored expression levels of major histocompatibility complex II,CD80,CD86,and CD274 in DCs,and quantified CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cells,T regulatory cells,and cytokine profiles.RESULTS Exosomes from miR-540-3p-overexpressing BMSCs lead to reduced expression of immune activation markers CD74 and NF-κB p65 in DCs and T cells.Rats treated with these exosomes showed decreased inflammation and improved cardiac function,indicated by lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines(interleukin-1β,interferon-γ)and higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines(interleukin-10,transforming growth factorβ1).Additionally,miR-540-3p skewed the profiles of DCs and T cells towards immune tolerance,increasing the ratio of T regulatory cells and shifting cytokine secretion to favor graft acceptance.CONCLUSION Exosomes derived from BMSCs overexpressing miR-540-3p significantly enhance immune tolerance and prolong cardiac allograft survival by modulating the CD74/NF-κB pathway,which regulates activities of DCs and T cells.These findings highlight a promising therapeutic strategy to improve heart transplantation outcomes and potentially reduce the need for prolonged immunosuppression.展开更多
A token-bus-based design method of the distributedfault-tolerant industrial network is presented in this pa-per.The dual-link network is of hot-redundancy.The performance of the network is also discussed.
A chloroplast-localized tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.） ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene （LeFADT） was isolated and characterized with regard to its sequence, response to various temperatures, and function in...A chloroplast-localized tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.） ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene （LeFADT） was isolated and characterized with regard to its sequence, response to various temperatures, and function in antisense transgenic tomato plants. The deduced amino acid sequence had four histidine-rich regions, of which three regions were highly conserved throughout the whole ω-3 fatty acid desaturasegene family. Southern blotting analysis showed that LeFAD7was encoded by a single copy gene and had two homologous genes in the tomato genome. Northern blot showed that LeFAD7 was expressed in all organs and was especially abundant in leaf tissue. Meanwhile, expression of LeFAD7 was induced by chilling stress （4 ℃）, but was inhibited by high temperature （45 ℃）, in leaves. Transgenic tomato plants were produced by integration of the antisense LeFAD7DNA under the control of a CaMV35S promoter into the genome. Antisense transgenic plants with lower 18 ： 3 content could maintain a higher maximal photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm） and O2 evolution rate than wild-type plants. These results suggested that silence of the LeFAD7 gene alleviated high-temperature stress. There was also a correlation between the low content of 18 ： 3 resulting from silence of the LeFAD7 gene and tolerance to high-temperature stress.展开更多
Excessive accumulation of chloride(Cl^(-))in the aboveground tissues under saline conditions is harmful to crops.Increasing the exclusion of Cl^(-) from shoots promotes salt tolerance in various crops.However,the unde...Excessive accumulation of chloride(Cl^(-))in the aboveground tissues under saline conditions is harmful to crops.Increasing the exclusion of Cl^(-) from shoots promotes salt tolerance in various crops.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown.In this study,we demonstrated that a type A response regulator(ZmRR1)modulates Cl^(-) exclusion from shoots and underlies natural variation of salt tolerance in maize.ZmRR1 negatively regulates cytokinin signaling and salt tolerance,likely by interacting with and inhibiting His phosphotransfer(HP)proteins that are key mediators of cytokinin signaling.A naturally occurring non-synonymous SNP variant enhances the interaction between ZmRR1 and ZmHP2,conferring maize plants with a salt-hypersensitive phenotype.We found that ZmRR1 undergoes degradation under saline conditions,leading to the release of ZmHP2 from ZmRR1 inhibition,and subsequently ZmHP2-mediated signaling improves salt tolerance primarily by promoting Cl^(-) exclusion from shoots.Furthermore,we showed that ZmMATE29 is transcriptionally upregulated by ZmHP2-mediated signaling under highly saline conditions and encodes a tonoplast-located Cl^(-) transporter that promotes Cl^(-) exclusion from shoots by compartmentalizing Cl^(-) into the vacuoles of root cortex cells.Collectively,our study provides an important mechanistic understanding of the cytokinin signaling-mediated promotion of Cl^(-) exclusion from shoots and salt tolerance and suggests that genetic modification to promote Cl^(-) exclusion from shoots is a promising route for developing salt-tolerant maize.展开更多
This paper proposed the optimized three-stage strategy of orderly management of file stream in network printing workflow. In first stage the customer preflight was added to the conventional prepress preflight, which s...This paper proposed the optimized three-stage strategy of orderly management of file stream in network printing workflow. In first stage the customer preflight was added to the conventional prepress preflight, which set quick-type, general-type, stable-type and comprehensive-type preflight scheme for customers by investigating the possibility of occurrence of errors of various preflight entries and customer relevancy. Based on four types of preflight schemes, four customer preflight applications were created by using Pitstop Pro and Connector You. Customers can select one of the appropriate applications for quick preflight before delivering to reduce the probability of returning the files back for correction when errors occur in preflight. Second stage is printing enterprise prepress preflight,which proposed the concept of the prepress preflight tolerance. In addition, according to the different requirements of printing technology and quality, this paper established the prepress preflight scheme based on the printing enterprises’ tolerance for preflight error. Third stage is to manage the optimized sorting of prepress file stream. To achieve it, the SPT rule and the 0-1 programming model were adopted, time spend of preflight, printing process and post-press finishing was also taken into account.Moreover, Enfocus Switch software was applied to establish automated network printing workflow and complete the file stream sorting. Finally, the result of simulation analysis of the optimized strategy shows that the optimized three-stage strategy can effectively shorten the file processing time.展开更多
The structural and electrophysical characteristics of a number of solid solutions of layered oxides of the perovskite-type Bi_(7)Ti_(4+x)WxNb_(1-2x-0.1)V_(0.1)O_(21)(x=0.1-0.4)are studied.According to X-ray powder dif...The structural and electrophysical characteristics of a number of solid solutions of layered oxides of the perovskite-type Bi_(7)Ti_(4+x)WxNb_(1-2x-0.1)V_(0.1)O_(21)(x=0.1-0.4)are studied.According to X-ray powder diffraction data,all the compounds studied are single-phase and have the structure of Aurivillius phases(m=2.5)with a rhombic crystal lattice(space group I2 cm,Z=2).Changes in tetragonal and rhombic distortions of perovskite-like layers in compounds were considered depending on their chemical composition.The temperature dependences of the relative permittivityε(T)were measured.It was shown that the Curie temperature T_(C) of the perovskite-type oxides Bi_(7)Ti_(4+x)WxNb_(1-2x-0.1)V_(0.1)O_(21)(x=0.1-0.4)linearly decreases with increasing parameter x.The activation energies of charge carriers were obtained in different temperature ranges.It was found that there are three temperature regions with very different activation energies due to the different nature of the charge carriers in the studied compounds.The effect of substitution of Nb^(5+) ions by V^(5+) ions is investigated.It was found that for a number of compounds,the substitution of niobium ions by vanadium ions led to an increase in the dielectric constant and a decrease in the dielectric loss tangent.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82060299Medical Discipline Leader Project of Yunnan Provincial Health Commission,No.D-2019020+5 种基金Yunnan Provincial Government Ten Thousand Person-Top Young Talents Project,No.KH-SWRQNBJ-2019-002Clinical Medical Center of the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province,No.2021LCZXXF-XZ04 and No.2022LCZXKF-HX05Kunming Medical Joint Special Project-Outstanding Youth Cultivation Project,No.202101AY070001-034Kunming Medical Joint Special Project,No.202101AY070001-272Famous Doctor Project of“Xingdian Talent Support Plan”of Yunnan Province,No.XDYC-MY-2022-0037Yunnan Province 2023 Undergraduate Education and Teaching Reform Research Project,No.2023BKXJJG-F04002.
文摘BACKGROUND Heart transplantation is a crucial intervention for severe heart failure,yet the challenge of organ rejection is significant.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)and their exosomes have demonstrated potential in modulating T cells,dendtitic cells(DCs),and cytokines to achieve immunomodulatory effects.DCs,as key antigen-presenting cells,play a critical role in shaping immune responses by influencing T-cell activation and cytokine production.Through this modulation,BMSCs and their exosomes enhance graft tolerance and prolonging survival.AIM To explore the immunomodulatory effects of exosomes derived from BMSCs overexpressing microRNA-540-3p(miR-540-3p)on cardiac allograft tolerance,focusing on how these exosomes modulating DCs and T cells activity through the CD74/nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB)pathway.METHODS Rat models were used to assess the impact of miR-540-3p-enhanced exosomes on immune tolerance in cardiac allografts.MiR-540-3p expression was manipulated in BMSCs,and derived exosomes were collected and administered to the rat models post-heart transplantation.The study monitored expression levels of major histocompatibility complex II,CD80,CD86,and CD274 in DCs,and quantified CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cells,T regulatory cells,and cytokine profiles.RESULTS Exosomes from miR-540-3p-overexpressing BMSCs lead to reduced expression of immune activation markers CD74 and NF-κB p65 in DCs and T cells.Rats treated with these exosomes showed decreased inflammation and improved cardiac function,indicated by lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines(interleukin-1β,interferon-γ)and higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines(interleukin-10,transforming growth factorβ1).Additionally,miR-540-3p skewed the profiles of DCs and T cells towards immune tolerance,increasing the ratio of T regulatory cells and shifting cytokine secretion to favor graft acceptance.CONCLUSION Exosomes derived from BMSCs overexpressing miR-540-3p significantly enhance immune tolerance and prolong cardiac allograft survival by modulating the CD74/NF-κB pathway,which regulates activities of DCs and T cells.These findings highlight a promising therapeutic strategy to improve heart transplantation outcomes and potentially reduce the need for prolonged immunosuppression.
文摘A token-bus-based design method of the distributedfault-tolerant industrial network is presented in this pa-per.The dual-link network is of hot-redundancy.The performance of the network is also discussed.
基金Supported by the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China （G1998010100） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30471053）.
文摘A chloroplast-localized tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.） ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene （LeFADT） was isolated and characterized with regard to its sequence, response to various temperatures, and function in antisense transgenic tomato plants. The deduced amino acid sequence had four histidine-rich regions, of which three regions were highly conserved throughout the whole ω-3 fatty acid desaturasegene family. Southern blotting analysis showed that LeFAD7was encoded by a single copy gene and had two homologous genes in the tomato genome. Northern blot showed that LeFAD7 was expressed in all organs and was especially abundant in leaf tissue. Meanwhile, expression of LeFAD7 was induced by chilling stress （4 ℃）, but was inhibited by high temperature （45 ℃）, in leaves. Transgenic tomato plants were produced by integration of the antisense LeFAD7DNA under the control of a CaMV35S promoter into the genome. Antisense transgenic plants with lower 18 ： 3 content could maintain a higher maximal photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm） and O2 evolution rate than wild-type plants. These results suggested that silence of the LeFAD7 gene alleviated high-temperature stress. There was also a correlation between the low content of 18 ： 3 resulting from silence of the LeFAD7 gene and tolerance to high-temperature stress.
基金the financial support from National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1300061 to C.J.,2022YFD1900704 and 2021YFF1000500 to J.Z.)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(BJJWZYJH01201910019026 to F.Q.)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070306 to J.Z.)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(15051011 to C.J.,2022RC046 to J.Z.)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘Excessive accumulation of chloride(Cl^(-))in the aboveground tissues under saline conditions is harmful to crops.Increasing the exclusion of Cl^(-) from shoots promotes salt tolerance in various crops.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown.In this study,we demonstrated that a type A response regulator(ZmRR1)modulates Cl^(-) exclusion from shoots and underlies natural variation of salt tolerance in maize.ZmRR1 negatively regulates cytokinin signaling and salt tolerance,likely by interacting with and inhibiting His phosphotransfer(HP)proteins that are key mediators of cytokinin signaling.A naturally occurring non-synonymous SNP variant enhances the interaction between ZmRR1 and ZmHP2,conferring maize plants with a salt-hypersensitive phenotype.We found that ZmRR1 undergoes degradation under saline conditions,leading to the release of ZmHP2 from ZmRR1 inhibition,and subsequently ZmHP2-mediated signaling improves salt tolerance primarily by promoting Cl^(-) exclusion from shoots.Furthermore,we showed that ZmMATE29 is transcriptionally upregulated by ZmHP2-mediated signaling under highly saline conditions and encodes a tonoplast-located Cl^(-) transporter that promotes Cl^(-) exclusion from shoots by compartmentalizing Cl^(-) into the vacuoles of root cortex cells.Collectively,our study provides an important mechanistic understanding of the cytokinin signaling-mediated promotion of Cl^(-) exclusion from shoots and salt tolerance and suggests that genetic modification to promote Cl^(-) exclusion from shoots is a promising route for developing salt-tolerant maize.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Industry Trade and Information Bureau of Zhuhai City(2011B050102013and 2012D050199033)by Education Bureau of Zhuhai City(Premier-Discipline Enhancement Scheme of Packaging Engineering and Premier-Key Laboratory of Products Packaging and Logistics)
文摘This paper proposed the optimized three-stage strategy of orderly management of file stream in network printing workflow. In first stage the customer preflight was added to the conventional prepress preflight, which set quick-type, general-type, stable-type and comprehensive-type preflight scheme for customers by investigating the possibility of occurrence of errors of various preflight entries and customer relevancy. Based on four types of preflight schemes, four customer preflight applications were created by using Pitstop Pro and Connector You. Customers can select one of the appropriate applications for quick preflight before delivering to reduce the probability of returning the files back for correction when errors occur in preflight. Second stage is printing enterprise prepress preflight,which proposed the concept of the prepress preflight tolerance. In addition, according to the different requirements of printing technology and quality, this paper established the prepress preflight scheme based on the printing enterprises’ tolerance for preflight error. Third stage is to manage the optimized sorting of prepress file stream. To achieve it, the SPT rule and the 0-1 programming model were adopted, time spend of preflight, printing process and post-press finishing was also taken into account.Moreover, Enfocus Switch software was applied to establish automated network printing workflow and complete the file stream sorting. Finally, the result of simulation analysis of the optimized strategy shows that the optimized three-stage strategy can effectively shorten the file processing time.
基金This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(State assignment in the field of scientific activity,Southern Federal University,2020).
文摘The structural and electrophysical characteristics of a number of solid solutions of layered oxides of the perovskite-type Bi_(7)Ti_(4+x)WxNb_(1-2x-0.1)V_(0.1)O_(21)(x=0.1-0.4)are studied.According to X-ray powder diffraction data,all the compounds studied are single-phase and have the structure of Aurivillius phases(m=2.5)with a rhombic crystal lattice(space group I2 cm,Z=2).Changes in tetragonal and rhombic distortions of perovskite-like layers in compounds were considered depending on their chemical composition.The temperature dependences of the relative permittivityε(T)were measured.It was shown that the Curie temperature T_(C) of the perovskite-type oxides Bi_(7)Ti_(4+x)WxNb_(1-2x-0.1)V_(0.1)O_(21)(x=0.1-0.4)linearly decreases with increasing parameter x.The activation energies of charge carriers were obtained in different temperature ranges.It was found that there are three temperature regions with very different activation energies due to the different nature of the charge carriers in the studied compounds.The effect of substitution of Nb^(5+) ions by V^(5+) ions is investigated.It was found that for a number of compounds,the substitution of niobium ions by vanadium ions led to an increase in the dielectric constant and a decrease in the dielectric loss tangent.
