Three closo-o-carborane-functionalised pyrene compounds(1CB,2CB,and 4CB)were synthesised and fully characterised.The molecular structures of all compounds exhibited perpendicularity between the C-C bond of the o-carbo...Three closo-o-carborane-functionalised pyrene compounds(1CB,2CB,and 4CB)were synthesised and fully characterised.The molecular structures of all compounds exhibited perpendicularity between the C-C bond of the o-carborane and the pyrene groups.The three compounds displayed major absorption bands assignable to π-π*transitions within the pyrene group,as well as weak intramolecular chargetransfer(ICT)transitions between the o-carborane units and the pyrene moieties.While 1CB and 4CB displayed strong ICT-based emissions involving the o-carborane moiety(λ_(em)=500-700 nm)in THF at 298 K,2CB showed less intense LE-based emissions centred at λ_(em)=407 nm.Although the PL spectra of all compounds demonstrated enhanced ICT-based emission via inhibition of C-C bond variance within the o-carborane in rigid states(THF at 77 K and films),the quantum efficiency of 2CB in films(Φ_(em)=5%)did not significantly increase compared to that in THF at 298 K,while the values for 1CB and 4CB in films were dramatically enhanced to 75%and 62%,respectively.The radiative decay constants of each ICTbased emission showed that non-radiative decay processes were significantly larger for 2CB than in 1CB and 4CB.The relative energies of the various S0 conformations as the dihedral angle between the o-carborane cage and pyrene unit was changed indicated that the o-carborane cages in 2CB could rotate more easily than those in 1CB and 4CB.Furthermore,the involvement of the o-carborane moiety in the LUMO level of 2CB was significantly affected by this dihedral angle.These results suggest that the free rotation of the o-carborane cage of 2CB interrupted its ICT transitions,with experimental and theoretical findings confirming that large structural variations around the o-carborane cage for 2CB also induced ICT-based non-radiative decay processes associated with the o-carborane,further blocking the ICT transition itself.展开更多
The longitudinal π-extension of carbon nanohoops is one of the most effective bottom-up synthetic strategies toward carbon nanotubes(CNTs).Herein,the precise synthesis of a multi-substituted carbon nanohoop([12]CPP-8...The longitudinal π-extension of carbon nanohoops is one of the most effective bottom-up synthetic strategies toward carbon nanotubes(CNTs).Herein,the precise synthesis of a multi-substituted carbon nanohoop([12]CPP-8PBPy)based on cycloparaphenylenes(CPPs)grafted with eight pyrene-functionalized units was reported.This structurally well-defined nanohoop not only acts as a segment of armchair-type CNTs but also achieves enhanced longitudinal π-extension.The structure of[12]CPP-8PBPy was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).The photophysical properties were studied by UV/Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy.The potential applications of[12]CPP-8PBPy in electron-transport devices were further investigated.展开更多
The poor electrical conductivity of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)limits their electrocatalytic performance in the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this study,a Py@Co-MOF composite material based on pyrene(Py)molecul...The poor electrical conductivity of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)limits their electrocatalytic performance in the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this study,a Py@Co-MOF composite material based on pyrene(Py)molecules and{[Co2(BINDI)(DMA)_(2)]·DMA}_(n)(Co-MOF,H4BINDI=N,N'-bis(5-isophthalic acid)naphthalenediimide,DMA=N,N-dimethylacetamide)was synthesized via a one-pot method,leveragingπ-πinteractions between pyrene and Co-MOF to modulate electrical conductivity.Results demonstrate that the Py@Co-MOF catalyst exhibited significantly enhanced OER performance compared to pure Co-MOF or pyrene-based electrodes,achieving an overpotential of 246 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2) along with excellent stability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the formation of O*in the second step is the rate-determining step(RDS)during the OER process on Co-MOF,with an energy barrier of 0.85 eV due to the weak adsorption affinity of the OH*intermediate for Co sites.CCDC:2419276.展开更多
Rui Chena,b,Tangbing Cui a,b,∗a School of Biology and Biological Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China b Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering,South China Un...Rui Chena,b,Tangbing Cui a,b,∗a School of Biology and Biological Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China b Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China The authors regret that the published version of this article contained several errors and omissions,which are described and corrected below.1.Figs.3 and 4(figure order and legends).In the published article,Figs.3 and 4 were inadvertently published in reversed order.The figures should be swapped so that the figure content matches its caption.The correct figures and their legends are provided on the following page.2.Title correction.The compound name in the published title was incorrectly typeset as“benzo[a]pyrene”The correct spelling is“benzo[a]pyrene.”3.Text corrections in Section 2.4.Several typographical errors occurred in Section 2.4(“Up-regulation of acetoin,lactate,and kanosamine biosynthesis under sodium gluconate treatment”).展开更多
Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant widely present in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain.It is therefore essential to treat and remediate the B[a]P-contamina...Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant widely present in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain.It is therefore essential to treat and remediate the B[a]P-contaminated environment.Microbial remediation of B[a]Pcontaminated environments is considered to be one of the most effective strategies,and the addition of biostimulants is a feasible method to further improve the effectiveness of microbial remediation.In this study,we used Bacillus subtilis MSC4 to screen for the stimulation of sodium gluconate,which promoted B[a]P degradation.Based on biochemical and transcriptomic analyses,Sodium gluconate was found to significantly increase the biomass of MSC4 and the expression of most genes involved in B[a]P degradation.Activities of central carbon metabolism,fatty acidβ-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation were all promoted.The significant increase in acid-induced oxalate decarboxylase expression indicates a decrease in intracellular pH,which promoted the synthesis of acetoin and lactate.Genes involved in the nitrogen cycle,especially nitrification and denitrification,were significantly up-regulated,contributing to B[a]P degradation.Genes involved in the synthesis of enzyme cofactors,including thiamine,molybdenum cofactors,NAD and heme,were up-regulated,which contributes to increasing enzyme activity in metabolic pathways.Up-regulation of genes in flagella assembly,chemotaxis,and lipopeptide synthesis is beneficial for the dissolution and uptake of B[a]P.Genes related to the sugar transport system were upregulated,which facilitates the transport and absorption of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by MSC4.This study provides a theoretical basis for the further application of sodium gluconate in the treatment of PAH-contaminated sites.展开更多
Six coordination polymers based on 9,10-di(pyridine-4-yl)-anthracene(DPA)and 1,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyrene(DIP)were obtained by solvothermal reactions.{[Zn(DPA)Cl_(2)]·DMF·2H_(2)O}n(1)and{[Zn_(1.5)(DPA)_(1....Six coordination polymers based on 9,10-di(pyridine-4-yl)-anthracene(DPA)and 1,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyrene(DIP)were obtained by solvothermal reactions.{[Zn(DPA)Cl_(2)]·DMF·2H_(2)O}n(1)and{[Zn_(1.5)(DPA)_(1.5)Cl_(3)]·5H_(2)O}n(2)are framework isomers,which both contain zigzag chains formed by DPA,Zn^(2+),and Cl-.The zigzag chains in 1 are further assembled by C—H…Cl interactions into layers,and these layers exhibit two different orientations,displaying a rare 2D to 3D interpenetration mode.The zigzag chains in 2 are parallelly arranged.{[Zn_(3)(DPA)_(3)Br_(6)]·2DMF·_(1.5)H_(2)O}n(3)is isostructural to 2.3 was obtained using ZnBr_(2)instead of ZnCl_(2).[M(DPA)(formate)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)]n[M=Co(4),Cu(5)]are isostructural,contain chain structures formed by DPA,Cu^(2+)/Co^(2+),and for-mate ions,which were formed in situ in the solvothermal reaction.{[Zn(DIP)_(2)Cl]ClO_(4)}n(6)contains a layer structure formed by DIP and Zn^(2+).Free DPA and DIP ligands exhibited high fluorescence at room temperature,and coordina-tion polymers 3 and 6 displayed enhanced fluorescent emissions.展开更多
We report five coordination polymers(CPs)based on fluorescent ligands[1,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyrene(dip),9,10-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)anthracene(dia)]and anionic ligands[cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid(H_(2)cda),campho...We report five coordination polymers(CPs)based on fluorescent ligands[1,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyrene(dip),9,10-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)anthracene(dia)]and anionic ligands[cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid(H_(2)cda),camphoric acid(H_(2)cpa)].In[Cd(dip)(cda)]·4H_(2)O}_(n)(1),the Cd^(2+)ions,acting as tetrahedral nodes,are linked by dipand cda^(2-)ligands with four Cd^(2+)ions into five-fold interpenetrating network array of topology of dia.In{[Cd(dip)(cpa)]·4H_(2)O}_(n)(2),the Cd^(2+)ions,acting as a 4-connector,are linked by cpa^(2-)and dip ligands into a 3D framework ofcds topology.In{[Ni(dia)_(2)Cl_(2)]·DMF}_(n)(3),the Ni^(2+)ion is linked by four dia ligands into a layer structure,and 1Dchannels of a cross-section of 1.35 nm×0.96 nm are formed.In{[Cd(dia)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)](NO_(3))_(2)·2DMSO}n(4),the dia ligandsconnected Cd^(2+)ions into a 2D layer,and 1D channels are formed between adjacent layers with a cross-section of0.87 nm×0.43 nm.In[Zn(dip)Cl_(2)]_(n)(5),the Zn^(2+)ion is linked by dip ligands into an infinite 1D chain.The infrared,thermal gravimetric,and fluorescent emission data were collected and analyzed for these coordination polymers.CCDC:2356055,1;2440075,2;2356057,3;2356057,4;2356059,5.展开更多
Bioremediation is an eco-friendly alternative for soil restoration.However,its outcomes are still variable.Different bioremediation strategies were used in a chronically polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)-contaminat...Bioremediation is an eco-friendly alternative for soil restoration.However,its outcomes are still variable.Different bioremediation strategies were used in a chronically polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)-contaminated soil,and no degradation was achieved.This work attempts to study whether the soil bacterial community has the genetic potential for aromatic compound degradation(ACD).While 16S rRNA metabarcoding of that soil showed a predominance of Proteobacteria,shotgun metagenomics indicated that 99.5%of the sequences were taxonomically assigned to Streptomycetales,and almost all genes related to ACD were assigned to the latter.As comprehension of the composition and metabolic potential of a soil community can be enhanced by exploring enrichment cultures of that soil,a culture approach followed by a shotgun metagenomic analysis was performed.These enrichment cultures were obtained by sequential transfers with pyrene conducted every 7(r-EFP)and 28(k-MSP2)d.Both r-EFP and k-MSP2 demonstrated the ability to degrade pyrene and the presence of genes related to ACD.While Pseudomonas and Olivibacter were the predominant genera in r-EFP,Mycobacterium,Chitoniphaga,Bacillus,and Pseudoxanthomonas were predominant in k-MSP2.This study demonstrated the soil bacterial community's potential to degrade PAHs of three and four rings.Therefore,exploration of bioremediation strategies aimed at activating this potential would be worthwhile.It was confirmed that shotgun metagenomics may not fully reveal potential bacterial functions when characterizing impacted soil microbiomes.Additionally,culture-based methods complemented and increased the knowledge obtained from culture-independent approaches,demonstrating their utility for bioprospecting PAH degraders and designing microbiome engineering strategies.展开更多
Epidemiological studies indicate that prostate cancer(PCa)is the second prevalent malignant tumor affecting men globally.Environmental pollution such as cigarette smoke is one of the important risk factors for the dev...Epidemiological studies indicate that prostate cancer(PCa)is the second prevalent malignant tumor affecting men globally.Environmental pollution such as cigarette smoke is one of the important risk factors for the development of prostate cancer.However,as one of the main carcinogens in cigarette smoke,the role of benzo[a]pyrene(BaP)in prostate cancer is still unclear.The current study aimed to investgate the impacts of BaP exposure on the progression of PCa towardmalignancy and the regulation of the immune microenvironment.We verified that BaP exposure can promote the proliferation,migration,and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells through in vitro experiments.We constructed a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of BaP exposure mouse and found that can promote the proliferation of tumors in vivo.Organoids-driven by PCa patients showed higher growth rate under BaP exposure.Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated a remarkable decrease in CD4^(+)T and CD8^(+)T cell infiltration levels.Moreover,we identified four genes(Mdm2,Ar,Foxo1,Crebbp)were strongly associated with BaP exposure by combining mouse tumor RNA-seq and CTD database.Additionally,a nomogram integrating clinicopathological features was constructed to assess the prognosis of prostate cancer patients under BaP exposure.This study systematically proved that BaP exposure promotes malignant progression of PCa and suppresses the immune microenvironment,in which Mdm2,Ar,Foxo1,Crebbp may play a crucial role in inhibiting apoptosis.These findings offer novel insights into themechanisms via which BaP exposure contributes to PCa development.展开更多
Peanut is a globally important leguminous crop and one of the most important oil crops.In response to the growing demand for high-quality peanut oil,advancements in processing technologies have led to significant impr...Peanut is a globally important leguminous crop and one of the most important oil crops.In response to the growing demand for high-quality peanut oil,advancements in processing technologies have led to significant improvements in oil quality.However,ensuring consistent quality remains a complex and ongoing challenge due to the multifaceted factors influencing peanut oil’s properties.This review synthesizes key scientific studies addressing these factors and explores the associated risks to oil quality and safety.Special attention is given to harmful contaminants such as aflatoxin B1(AFB1),3-chloro-1,2-propanediol esters(3-MCPDE),Benzo[a]pyrene(BaP),and trans-fatty acids(TFAs),which pose significant health risks and quality concerns.The review critically examines current detection methods for these contaminants and evaluates innovative removal strategies,such as biodegradation,physical refining,chemical treatments,and advanced adsorption techniques.Moreover,insights into the effects of raw material quality,processing conditions,and storage on oil quality were discussed.In conclusion,the review underscores the importance of adopting integrated approaches to control harmful substances while optimizing processing parameters to enhance peanut oil quality.These findings aim to guide researchers and industry practitioners in improving production practices,minimizing health risks,and providing safer and higher-quality peanut oil products for consumers.展开更多
Marine pollution poses a critical threat to biodiversity.The synergistic effects of microplastics,specifically high-density polyethylene(HDPE),combined with benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)and heavy metals,on the physiology and ...Marine pollution poses a critical threat to biodiversity.The synergistic effects of microplastics,specifically high-density polyethylene(HDPE),combined with benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)and heavy metals,on the physiology and feeding behavior of the seahorse,Hippocampus erectus were studied.The growth parameters,pollutant bioaccumulation,enzymatic response,and feeding dynamics were extensively analyzed.Seahorses exposed to microplastics-borne B[a]P and heavy metals exhibited notable reductions in body length and weight,as well as in survival rates,indicating severe stress from these contaminants.The accumulation of pollutant particularly B[a]P in seahorse exceeded China’s national regulatory limit of 5μg/kg,and the B[a]P accumulation in seahorses was obviously aided by HDPE microplastics,posing a risk to marine organisms and human health via the food chain.The adaptive response of the seahorses was evident shown in the elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities,which is a biological mechanism to mitigate oxidative stress induced by the pollutants.However,this physiological adaptation comes at a cost,as evidenced by marked changes in the feeding behavior.Results show that the efficiency and frequency of feeding were greatly reduced,indicating a heavy impact on the ecological role and survival of this marine creature in polluted habitats.This research offers a crucial perspective on the compound threats of microplastics and associated pollutants in marine ecosystems.It highlights the urgent need develop comprehensive strategies to address these environmental issues.The findings are an important contribution to ecotoxicology,providing a deeper understanding of how microplastics act as vectors for other contaminants and their profound effects on marine life,especially species like seahorses.This study calls for action to strengthen environmental policies and practices aimed at mitigating the impact of marine pollution.展开更多
High molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(HMW-PAHs)pose significant environmental challenges due to their complex structures and persistent toxicity,and are difficult to be degraded by bacteria.Fungi,howe...High molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(HMW-PAHs)pose significant environmental challenges due to their complex structures and persistent toxicity,and are difficult to be degraded by bacteria.Fungi,however,possess the ability to overcome these challenges,primarily through various enzymes with broad substrate specificity,including cytochrome P450(CYP450),laccase,manganese peroxidase,lignin peroxidase.As a result,the development of efficient fungal strains capable of degrading HMW-PAHs is essential for advancing bioremediation strategies.In this study,Aspergillus fumigatus Z5 was isolated from a contaminated site and demonstrated a remarkable ability to degrade the highly recalcitrant benzo[a]pyrene,achieving a degradation rate of 75.43%.Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant upregulation of 34 CYP450 genes.Among these genes,CYP3A4(gene 8840)showed strong binding affinity for benzo[a]pyrene,as confirmed by molecular docking studies,indicating its key role in the biodegradable process.Furthermore,the metabolic network analysis showed that the electron transfer required for CYP450-mediated oxidative reactions enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and subsequently energy metabolism in A.fumigatus Z5.This metabolic coordination likely facilitates the complete degradation of benzo[a]pyrene.Our study illuminates the fundamental roles of CYP450 from A.fumigatus Z5 in benzo[a]pyrene degradation and provides novel insight into designing and implementing enhanced bioremediation strategies.展开更多
Pyrenes are an important group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs). In order to expand the diversity of conjugate compounds based on pyrene, two new isomeric compounds anti-PyDTPAI and syn-PyDTPAI containing pyr...Pyrenes are an important group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs). In order to expand the diversity of conjugate compounds based on pyrene, two new isomeric compounds anti-PyDTPAI and syn-PyDTPAI containing pyrene, imidazole and triphenylamine are synthesized via a one-pot cyclization reaction and characterized. The anti-PyDTPAI is characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction which crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P2_1/n with a = 10.132(4), b = 14.997(7), c = 18.968(9) ?, β = 95.543(19)o, V = 2869(2) ?~3, Z = 2, F(000) = 1092, Dc = 1.196 Mg/m^3, Mr = 1033.28 and μ(Mo Kα) = 0.070 mm^(-1). The presence of intermolecular C–H···π interactions results in the stability of the compound. The crystal structure shows a centrosymmetric, coplanar configuration towards pyrene-imidazole segment and a slip-stacked packing mode across the longer molecular axis which is similar to the J-type aggregation. The investigation of UV-vis absorption and fluorescence in solution indicates a strong blue emission under the ultraviolet light excitation. The two isomers also display high thermal stability which is proved by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). Additionally, the molecular structure and HOMO and LUMO levels are calculated by density functional theory(DFT) at the B3 LYP/6-31 G(d) level.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to explore the effects of pyrene stress on growth and physiological indexes of maize seedling.[Method] The effects of different concentrations of pyrene（0,0.5,1.0,and 2.0 mg/L） on growth and...[Objective]The paper was to explore the effects of pyrene stress on growth and physiological indexes of maize seedling.[Method] The effects of different concentrations of pyrene（0,0.5,1.0,and 2.0 mg/L） on growth and several physiological indexes,such as chlorophyll content,malnodiadehyde（MDA） content of both leaves and roots of maize（Zea Mays L.） seedlings of Shixiang 1（sensitive variety） and Guangtian 3（tolerant variety） were studied by a hydroponic experiment.[Result]As the concentration of prene increasing within the test concentration range,the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in Shixiang 1 first increased and then decreased;relative growth yield and absolute growth rate showed the decreasing trend;MDA contents in roots and leaves showed the increasing trend.Relative growth yield,absolute growth rate and chlorophyll a content in Guangtian 3 first increased and then decreased;chlorophyll b and MDA contents in roots showed the increasing trend;MDA contents in leaves showed the decreasing trend.Compared with control,chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of Shixiang 1 significantly increased under pyrene concentration of 0.5-1.0 mg/L,which significantly decreased as the concentration of pyrene ≥2.0 mg/L;MDA contents in roots and leaves significantly increased as the concentration of pyrene ≥1.0 mg/L,while relative growth yield and absolute growth rate significantly decreased.Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents in Guangtian 3 significantly increased as the concentration of pyrene ≥1.0 mg/L.Pyrene concentration had significantly negative correlation with relative growth yield and absolute growth rate of Shixiang 1,while it had significant positive correlation with MDA contents in roots.Pyrene concentration had significant positive correlation with chlorophyll b and MDA contents in roots of tolerant variety Guangtian 3.[Conclusion]The study provided basis for the management measures of maize during its seedling stage.展开更多
The peroxynitrite/porphyrin biomimetic system was established to investigate the effects of peroxynitrite on benzo[a]pyrene （B[a]P） metabolism. Three model systems consisting of different iron porphyrins were compar...The peroxynitrite/porphyrin biomimetic system was established to investigate the effects of peroxynitrite on benzo[a]pyrene （B[a]P） metabolism. Three model systems consisting of different iron porphyrins were compared, and the results showed that the peroxynitdte/T（p-Cl）PPFeCl system was the highest catalytic efficiency in the metabolism of B [a]P. We analyzed the B [a]P metabolites produced from this system by RP-HPLC method and firstly identified the formation of nitrobenzo[a]pyrenes which are the special metabolites of B [a]P induced by peroxynitrite.展开更多
AIM To study the inhibitory effects of VES( RRR-α-tocopheryl Succinate, VES ), aderivative of natural Vitamin E, on benzo (a)pyrene (B (a) P)-induced forestomach tumor infemale mice.METHODS The model of B (a)P-induce...AIM To study the inhibitory effects of VES( RRR-α-tocopheryl Succinate, VES ), aderivative of natural Vitamin E, on benzo (a)pyrene (B (a) P)-induced forestomach tumor infemale mice.METHODS The model of B (a)P-inducedforestomach tumor was established according tothe methods of Wattenberg with slightmodifications. One hundred and eighty femalemice (6 weeks old) were divided into six groupsequally; negative control (Succinic acid),vehicle control ( Succinate + B (a) P), positivecontrol(B(a) P), high VES(2.5g/kg. b. w + B(a)P), Iow VES(1 .25 g/kg. b. w + B(a) P) ig as wellas VES by ip (20 mg/kg, b. w + B(a) P). Exceptthe negative control group, the mice wereadministrated with B(a)P ig. and correspondingtreatments for 4 weeks to study the anti-carcinogenetic effect of VES during the initiationperiod. The experiment lasted 29 weeks, inwhich the inhibitory effects of VES both ontumor incidence and tumor size were tested.RESULTS The models of B (a)P-inducedforestomach tumor in female mice wereestablished successfully. Some werecauliflower-like, others looked like papilla, evena few were formed into the ulcer cavities. VES at1.25 g/kg. b. w, 2.5 g/kg. b.w. by ig and 20 mg/kg. b. w. via ip could decrease the number oftumors per mouse (1.7 ± 0. 41, 1.6 ± 0.34 and 1.1±0.43), being lower than that of B(a)P group(5.4 ± 0.32, P＜0.05). The tumor incidence wasinhibited by 18.2%, 23.1% and 50.0%. VES at1.25g/kg.b.w., 2.5 g/ kg.b.w. by ig and20 mg/kg. b.w. via ip reduced the total volumeof tumors per mouse (54.8 ± 8.84, 28.4 ± 8.32and 23.9± 16.05), being significantly lower thanthat of B(a)P group (150.2±20.93, P＜0.01).The inhibitory rates were 63.5%, 81.1% and84.1%, respectively.CONCLUSION VES has inhibitory effects on B(a) P-induced forestomach carcinogenesis infemale mice, especially by ip and it may be apotential anti-cancer agent in vivo.展开更多
Two indigenous microorganisms, Bacillus sp. SB02 and Mucor sp. SF06, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were co-immobilized on vermiculite by physical adsorption and used to degrade benzo[a...Two indigenous microorganisms, Bacillus sp. SB02 and Mucor sp. SF06, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were co-immobilized on vermiculite by physical adsorption and used to degrade benzo[a] pyrene （BaP）. The characteristics of BaP degradation by both free and co-immobilized microorganism were then investigated and compared. The removal rate using the immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium was higher than that of the freely mobile mixed consortium. 95.3% of BaP was degraded using the co-immobilized system within 42 d, which was remarkably higher than the removal rate of that by the free strains. The optimal amount of inoculated co-immobilized system for BaP degradation was 2%. The immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium also showed better water stability than the free strains. Kinetics of BaP biodegradation by co-immobilized SF06 and SB02 were also studied. The results demonstrated that BaP degradation could be well described by a zero-order reaction rate equation when the initial BaP concentration was in the range of 10--200 mg/kg. The scanning electronic microscope （SEM） analysis showed that the co-immobilized microstructure was suitable for the growth of SF06 and SB02. The mass transmission process of co-immobilized system in soil is discussed. The results demonstrate the potential for employing the bacterial-fungal mixed consortium, co-immobilized on vermiculite, for in situ bioremediation of BaP.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant(2019R1A2C1009969 for M.H.Park,2020R1I1A1A01073381 for J.H.LeeNRF-2020R1A2C1006400 and NRF-2016M3A7B4909246 for K.M.Lee)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT,and the Ministry of Education.
文摘Three closo-o-carborane-functionalised pyrene compounds(1CB,2CB,and 4CB)were synthesised and fully characterised.The molecular structures of all compounds exhibited perpendicularity between the C-C bond of the o-carborane and the pyrene groups.The three compounds displayed major absorption bands assignable to π-π*transitions within the pyrene group,as well as weak intramolecular chargetransfer(ICT)transitions between the o-carborane units and the pyrene moieties.While 1CB and 4CB displayed strong ICT-based emissions involving the o-carborane moiety(λ_(em)=500-700 nm)in THF at 298 K,2CB showed less intense LE-based emissions centred at λ_(em)=407 nm.Although the PL spectra of all compounds demonstrated enhanced ICT-based emission via inhibition of C-C bond variance within the o-carborane in rigid states(THF at 77 K and films),the quantum efficiency of 2CB in films(Φ_(em)=5%)did not significantly increase compared to that in THF at 298 K,while the values for 1CB and 4CB in films were dramatically enhanced to 75%and 62%,respectively.The radiative decay constants of each ICTbased emission showed that non-radiative decay processes were significantly larger for 2CB than in 1CB and 4CB.The relative energies of the various S0 conformations as the dihedral angle between the o-carborane cage and pyrene unit was changed indicated that the o-carborane cages in 2CB could rotate more easily than those in 1CB and 4CB.Furthermore,the involvement of the o-carborane moiety in the LUMO level of 2CB was significantly affected by this dihedral angle.These results suggest that the free rotation of the o-carborane cage of 2CB interrupted its ICT transitions,with experimental and theoretical findings confirming that large structural variations around the o-carborane cage for 2CB also induced ICT-based non-radiative decay processes associated with the o-carborane,further blocking the ICT transition itself.
文摘The longitudinal π-extension of carbon nanohoops is one of the most effective bottom-up synthetic strategies toward carbon nanotubes(CNTs).Herein,the precise synthesis of a multi-substituted carbon nanohoop([12]CPP-8PBPy)based on cycloparaphenylenes(CPPs)grafted with eight pyrene-functionalized units was reported.This structurally well-defined nanohoop not only acts as a segment of armchair-type CNTs but also achieves enhanced longitudinal π-extension.The structure of[12]CPP-8PBPy was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).The photophysical properties were studied by UV/Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy.The potential applications of[12]CPP-8PBPy in electron-transport devices were further investigated.
文摘The poor electrical conductivity of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)limits their electrocatalytic performance in the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this study,a Py@Co-MOF composite material based on pyrene(Py)molecules and{[Co2(BINDI)(DMA)_(2)]·DMA}_(n)(Co-MOF,H4BINDI=N,N'-bis(5-isophthalic acid)naphthalenediimide,DMA=N,N-dimethylacetamide)was synthesized via a one-pot method,leveragingπ-πinteractions between pyrene and Co-MOF to modulate electrical conductivity.Results demonstrate that the Py@Co-MOF catalyst exhibited significantly enhanced OER performance compared to pure Co-MOF or pyrene-based electrodes,achieving an overpotential of 246 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2) along with excellent stability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the formation of O*in the second step is the rate-determining step(RDS)during the OER process on Co-MOF,with an energy barrier of 0.85 eV due to the weak adsorption affinity of the OH*intermediate for Co sites.CCDC:2419276.
文摘Rui Chena,b,Tangbing Cui a,b,∗a School of Biology and Biological Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China b Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China The authors regret that the published version of this article contained several errors and omissions,which are described and corrected below.1.Figs.3 and 4(figure order and legends).In the published article,Figs.3 and 4 were inadvertently published in reversed order.The figures should be swapped so that the figure content matches its caption.The correct figures and their legends are provided on the following page.2.Title correction.The compound name in the published title was incorrectly typeset as“benzo[a]pyrene”The correct spelling is“benzo[a]pyrene.”3.Text corrections in Section 2.4.Several typographical errors occurred in Section 2.4(“Up-regulation of acetoin,lactate,and kanosamine biosynthesis under sodium gluconate treatment”).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFC1808803).
文摘Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant widely present in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain.It is therefore essential to treat and remediate the B[a]P-contaminated environment.Microbial remediation of B[a]Pcontaminated environments is considered to be one of the most effective strategies,and the addition of biostimulants is a feasible method to further improve the effectiveness of microbial remediation.In this study,we used Bacillus subtilis MSC4 to screen for the stimulation of sodium gluconate,which promoted B[a]P degradation.Based on biochemical and transcriptomic analyses,Sodium gluconate was found to significantly increase the biomass of MSC4 and the expression of most genes involved in B[a]P degradation.Activities of central carbon metabolism,fatty acidβ-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation were all promoted.The significant increase in acid-induced oxalate decarboxylase expression indicates a decrease in intracellular pH,which promoted the synthesis of acetoin and lactate.Genes involved in the nitrogen cycle,especially nitrification and denitrification,were significantly up-regulated,contributing to B[a]P degradation.Genes involved in the synthesis of enzyme cofactors,including thiamine,molybdenum cofactors,NAD and heme,were up-regulated,which contributes to increasing enzyme activity in metabolic pathways.Up-regulation of genes in flagella assembly,chemotaxis,and lipopeptide synthesis is beneficial for the dissolution and uptake of B[a]P.Genes related to the sugar transport system were upregulated,which facilitates the transport and absorption of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by MSC4.This study provides a theoretical basis for the further application of sodium gluconate in the treatment of PAH-contaminated sites.
文摘Six coordination polymers based on 9,10-di(pyridine-4-yl)-anthracene(DPA)and 1,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyrene(DIP)were obtained by solvothermal reactions.{[Zn(DPA)Cl_(2)]·DMF·2H_(2)O}n(1)and{[Zn_(1.5)(DPA)_(1.5)Cl_(3)]·5H_(2)O}n(2)are framework isomers,which both contain zigzag chains formed by DPA,Zn^(2+),and Cl-.The zigzag chains in 1 are further assembled by C—H…Cl interactions into layers,and these layers exhibit two different orientations,displaying a rare 2D to 3D interpenetration mode.The zigzag chains in 2 are parallelly arranged.{[Zn_(3)(DPA)_(3)Br_(6)]·2DMF·_(1.5)H_(2)O}n(3)is isostructural to 2.3 was obtained using ZnBr_(2)instead of ZnCl_(2).[M(DPA)(formate)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)]n[M=Co(4),Cu(5)]are isostructural,contain chain structures formed by DPA,Cu^(2+)/Co^(2+),and for-mate ions,which were formed in situ in the solvothermal reaction.{[Zn(DIP)_(2)Cl]ClO_(4)}n(6)contains a layer structure formed by DIP and Zn^(2+).Free DPA and DIP ligands exhibited high fluorescence at room temperature,and coordina-tion polymers 3 and 6 displayed enhanced fluorescent emissions.
文摘We report five coordination polymers(CPs)based on fluorescent ligands[1,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyrene(dip),9,10-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)anthracene(dia)]and anionic ligands[cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid(H_(2)cda),camphoric acid(H_(2)cpa)].In[Cd(dip)(cda)]·4H_(2)O}_(n)(1),the Cd^(2+)ions,acting as tetrahedral nodes,are linked by dipand cda^(2-)ligands with four Cd^(2+)ions into five-fold interpenetrating network array of topology of dia.In{[Cd(dip)(cpa)]·4H_(2)O}_(n)(2),the Cd^(2+)ions,acting as a 4-connector,are linked by cpa^(2-)and dip ligands into a 3D framework ofcds topology.In{[Ni(dia)_(2)Cl_(2)]·DMF}_(n)(3),the Ni^(2+)ion is linked by four dia ligands into a layer structure,and 1Dchannels of a cross-section of 1.35 nm×0.96 nm are formed.In{[Cd(dia)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)](NO_(3))_(2)·2DMSO}n(4),the dia ligandsconnected Cd^(2+)ions into a 2D layer,and 1D channels are formed between adjacent layers with a cross-section of0.87 nm×0.43 nm.In[Zn(dip)Cl_(2)]_(n)(5),the Zn^(2+)ion is linked by dip ligands into an infinite 1D chain.The infrared,thermal gravimetric,and fluorescent emission data were collected and analyzed for these coordination polymers.CCDC:2356055,1;2440075,2;2356057,3;2356057,4;2356059,5.
基金supported by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)and the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica(Nos.PICT 2018-1889 and PICT 2019-01805)of Argentina and the United Nations University Biotechnology Programme for Latin America and the Caribbean(UNU-BIOLAC).
文摘Bioremediation is an eco-friendly alternative for soil restoration.However,its outcomes are still variable.Different bioremediation strategies were used in a chronically polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)-contaminated soil,and no degradation was achieved.This work attempts to study whether the soil bacterial community has the genetic potential for aromatic compound degradation(ACD).While 16S rRNA metabarcoding of that soil showed a predominance of Proteobacteria,shotgun metagenomics indicated that 99.5%of the sequences were taxonomically assigned to Streptomycetales,and almost all genes related to ACD were assigned to the latter.As comprehension of the composition and metabolic potential of a soil community can be enhanced by exploring enrichment cultures of that soil,a culture approach followed by a shotgun metagenomic analysis was performed.These enrichment cultures were obtained by sequential transfers with pyrene conducted every 7(r-EFP)and 28(k-MSP2)d.Both r-EFP and k-MSP2 demonstrated the ability to degrade pyrene and the presence of genes related to ACD.While Pseudomonas and Olivibacter were the predominant genera in r-EFP,Mycobacterium,Chitoniphaga,Bacillus,and Pseudoxanthomonas were predominant in k-MSP2.This study demonstrated the soil bacterial community's potential to degrade PAHs of three and four rings.Therefore,exploration of bioremediation strategies aimed at activating this potential would be worthwhile.It was confirmed that shotgun metagenomics may not fully reveal potential bacterial functions when characterizing impacted soil microbiomes.Additionally,culture-based methods complemented and increased the knowledge obtained from culture-independent approaches,demonstrating their utility for bioprospecting PAH degraders and designing microbiome engineering strategies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3804504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Youth Project(Nos.82101838,82203367,82203505,and 82203403)the Experimental Animal Fund of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.22140903800).
文摘Epidemiological studies indicate that prostate cancer(PCa)is the second prevalent malignant tumor affecting men globally.Environmental pollution such as cigarette smoke is one of the important risk factors for the development of prostate cancer.However,as one of the main carcinogens in cigarette smoke,the role of benzo[a]pyrene(BaP)in prostate cancer is still unclear.The current study aimed to investgate the impacts of BaP exposure on the progression of PCa towardmalignancy and the regulation of the immune microenvironment.We verified that BaP exposure can promote the proliferation,migration,and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells through in vitro experiments.We constructed a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of BaP exposure mouse and found that can promote the proliferation of tumors in vivo.Organoids-driven by PCa patients showed higher growth rate under BaP exposure.Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated a remarkable decrease in CD4^(+)T and CD8^(+)T cell infiltration levels.Moreover,we identified four genes(Mdm2,Ar,Foxo1,Crebbp)were strongly associated with BaP exposure by combining mouse tumor RNA-seq and CTD database.Additionally,a nomogram integrating clinicopathological features was constructed to assess the prognosis of prostate cancer patients under BaP exposure.This study systematically proved that BaP exposure promotes malignant progression of PCa and suppresses the immune microenvironment,in which Mdm2,Ar,Foxo1,Crebbp may play a crucial role in inhibiting apoptosis.These findings offer novel insights into themechanisms via which BaP exposure contributes to PCa development.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(22401080)the Start-up Grant of Henan University of Technology(2023BS006)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Research Project of Henan Provincial Science and Technology Department(252102310394)The Youth Found of the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300420463).
文摘Peanut is a globally important leguminous crop and one of the most important oil crops.In response to the growing demand for high-quality peanut oil,advancements in processing technologies have led to significant improvements in oil quality.However,ensuring consistent quality remains a complex and ongoing challenge due to the multifaceted factors influencing peanut oil’s properties.This review synthesizes key scientific studies addressing these factors and explores the associated risks to oil quality and safety.Special attention is given to harmful contaminants such as aflatoxin B1(AFB1),3-chloro-1,2-propanediol esters(3-MCPDE),Benzo[a]pyrene(BaP),and trans-fatty acids(TFAs),which pose significant health risks and quality concerns.The review critically examines current detection methods for these contaminants and evaluates innovative removal strategies,such as biodegradation,physical refining,chemical treatments,and advanced adsorption techniques.Moreover,insights into the effects of raw material quality,processing conditions,and storage on oil quality were discussed.In conclusion,the review underscores the importance of adopting integrated approaches to control harmful substances while optimizing processing parameters to enhance peanut oil quality.These findings aim to guide researchers and industry practitioners in improving production practices,minimizing health risks,and providing safer and higher-quality peanut oil products for consumers.
基金Supported by the Marine Economic Development Project(No.GDNRC[2022]36)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFD0900206)the Tianjin Science and Technology Program Project(No.21YDTPJC00340)。
文摘Marine pollution poses a critical threat to biodiversity.The synergistic effects of microplastics,specifically high-density polyethylene(HDPE),combined with benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)and heavy metals,on the physiology and feeding behavior of the seahorse,Hippocampus erectus were studied.The growth parameters,pollutant bioaccumulation,enzymatic response,and feeding dynamics were extensively analyzed.Seahorses exposed to microplastics-borne B[a]P and heavy metals exhibited notable reductions in body length and weight,as well as in survival rates,indicating severe stress from these contaminants.The accumulation of pollutant particularly B[a]P in seahorse exceeded China’s national regulatory limit of 5μg/kg,and the B[a]P accumulation in seahorses was obviously aided by HDPE microplastics,posing a risk to marine organisms and human health via the food chain.The adaptive response of the seahorses was evident shown in the elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities,which is a biological mechanism to mitigate oxidative stress induced by the pollutants.However,this physiological adaptation comes at a cost,as evidenced by marked changes in the feeding behavior.Results show that the efficiency and frequency of feeding were greatly reduced,indicating a heavy impact on the ecological role and survival of this marine creature in polluted habitats.This research offers a crucial perspective on the compound threats of microplastics and associated pollutants in marine ecosystems.It highlights the urgent need develop comprehensive strategies to address these environmental issues.The findings are an important contribution to ecotoxicology,providing a deeper understanding of how microplastics act as vectors for other contaminants and their profound effects on marine life,especially species like seahorses.This study calls for action to strengthen environmental policies and practices aimed at mitigating the impact of marine pollution.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC1808902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31770152)+1 种基金Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Chemistry&Biology(No.22JHZ008)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province of China(No.23JRRM738).
文摘High molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(HMW-PAHs)pose significant environmental challenges due to their complex structures and persistent toxicity,and are difficult to be degraded by bacteria.Fungi,however,possess the ability to overcome these challenges,primarily through various enzymes with broad substrate specificity,including cytochrome P450(CYP450),laccase,manganese peroxidase,lignin peroxidase.As a result,the development of efficient fungal strains capable of degrading HMW-PAHs is essential for advancing bioremediation strategies.In this study,Aspergillus fumigatus Z5 was isolated from a contaminated site and demonstrated a remarkable ability to degrade the highly recalcitrant benzo[a]pyrene,achieving a degradation rate of 75.43%.Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant upregulation of 34 CYP450 genes.Among these genes,CYP3A4(gene 8840)showed strong binding affinity for benzo[a]pyrene,as confirmed by molecular docking studies,indicating its key role in the biodegradable process.Furthermore,the metabolic network analysis showed that the electron transfer required for CYP450-mediated oxidative reactions enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and subsequently energy metabolism in A.fumigatus Z5.This metabolic coordination likely facilitates the complete degradation of benzo[a]pyrene.Our study illuminates the fundamental roles of CYP450 from A.fumigatus Z5 in benzo[a]pyrene degradation and provides novel insight into designing and implementing enhanced bioremediation strategies.
基金supported by Young Talent Plan of Northeast Agricultural University(17QC24)Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation(LBH-Z17014)
文摘Pyrenes are an important group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs). In order to expand the diversity of conjugate compounds based on pyrene, two new isomeric compounds anti-PyDTPAI and syn-PyDTPAI containing pyrene, imidazole and triphenylamine are synthesized via a one-pot cyclization reaction and characterized. The anti-PyDTPAI is characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction which crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P2_1/n with a = 10.132(4), b = 14.997(7), c = 18.968(9) ?, β = 95.543(19)o, V = 2869(2) ?~3, Z = 2, F(000) = 1092, Dc = 1.196 Mg/m^3, Mr = 1033.28 and μ(Mo Kα) = 0.070 mm^(-1). The presence of intermolecular C–H···π interactions results in the stability of the compound. The crystal structure shows a centrosymmetric, coplanar configuration towards pyrene-imidazole segment and a slip-stacked packing mode across the longer molecular axis which is similar to the J-type aggregation. The investigation of UV-vis absorption and fluorescence in solution indicates a strong blue emission under the ultraviolet light excitation. The two isomers also display high thermal stability which is proved by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). Additionally, the molecular structure and HOMO and LUMO levels are calculated by density functional theory(DFT) at the B3 LYP/6-31 G(d) level.
基金The project supported by the State Key Develoment Program for Basic Research of China(2003CB716204)the Key Project of the Education Department of China(2005360563)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials of Jiangsuthe State Key Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures in Nanjing University.
基金Supported Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(9451064201003780)President Fund in South China Agricultural University(K09219)Students Technology Innovation Project in South China Agricultural University(L09131)~~
文摘[Objective]The paper was to explore the effects of pyrene stress on growth and physiological indexes of maize seedling.[Method] The effects of different concentrations of pyrene（0,0.5,1.0,and 2.0 mg/L） on growth and several physiological indexes,such as chlorophyll content,malnodiadehyde（MDA） content of both leaves and roots of maize（Zea Mays L.） seedlings of Shixiang 1（sensitive variety） and Guangtian 3（tolerant variety） were studied by a hydroponic experiment.[Result]As the concentration of prene increasing within the test concentration range,the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in Shixiang 1 first increased and then decreased;relative growth yield and absolute growth rate showed the decreasing trend;MDA contents in roots and leaves showed the increasing trend.Relative growth yield,absolute growth rate and chlorophyll a content in Guangtian 3 first increased and then decreased;chlorophyll b and MDA contents in roots showed the increasing trend;MDA contents in leaves showed the decreasing trend.Compared with control,chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of Shixiang 1 significantly increased under pyrene concentration of 0.5-1.0 mg/L,which significantly decreased as the concentration of pyrene ≥2.0 mg/L;MDA contents in roots and leaves significantly increased as the concentration of pyrene ≥1.0 mg/L,while relative growth yield and absolute growth rate significantly decreased.Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents in Guangtian 3 significantly increased as the concentration of pyrene ≥1.0 mg/L.Pyrene concentration had significantly negative correlation with relative growth yield and absolute growth rate of Shixiang 1,while it had significant positive correlation with MDA contents in roots.Pyrene concentration had significant positive correlation with chlorophyll b and MDA contents in roots of tolerant variety Guangtian 3.[Conclusion]The study provided basis for the management measures of maize during its seedling stage.
基金Project supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 2052004)the Beijing Nova Programme (No. 2003B05) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20605002).
文摘The peroxynitrite/porphyrin biomimetic system was established to investigate the effects of peroxynitrite on benzo[a]pyrene （B[a]P） metabolism. Three model systems consisting of different iron porphyrins were compared, and the results showed that the peroxynitdte/T（p-Cl）PPFeCl system was the highest catalytic efficiency in the metabolism of B [a]P. We analyzed the B [a]P metabolites produced from this system by RP-HPLC method and firstly identified the formation of nitrobenzo[a]pyrenes which are the special metabolites of B [a]P induced by peroxynitrite.
基金Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 39870662
文摘AIM To study the inhibitory effects of VES( RRR-α-tocopheryl Succinate, VES ), aderivative of natural Vitamin E, on benzo (a)pyrene (B (a) P)-induced forestomach tumor infemale mice.METHODS The model of B (a)P-inducedforestomach tumor was established according tothe methods of Wattenberg with slightmodifications. One hundred and eighty femalemice (6 weeks old) were divided into six groupsequally; negative control (Succinic acid),vehicle control ( Succinate + B (a) P), positivecontrol(B(a) P), high VES(2.5g/kg. b. w + B(a)P), Iow VES(1 .25 g/kg. b. w + B(a) P) ig as wellas VES by ip (20 mg/kg, b. w + B(a) P). Exceptthe negative control group, the mice wereadministrated with B(a)P ig. and correspondingtreatments for 4 weeks to study the anti-carcinogenetic effect of VES during the initiationperiod. The experiment lasted 29 weeks, inwhich the inhibitory effects of VES both ontumor incidence and tumor size were tested.RESULTS The models of B (a)P-inducedforestomach tumor in female mice wereestablished successfully. Some werecauliflower-like, others looked like papilla, evena few were formed into the ulcer cavities. VES at1.25 g/kg. b. w, 2.5 g/kg. b.w. by ig and 20 mg/kg. b. w. via ip could decrease the number oftumors per mouse (1.7 ± 0. 41, 1.6 ± 0.34 and 1.1±0.43), being lower than that of B(a)P group(5.4 ± 0.32, P＜0.05). The tumor incidence wasinhibited by 18.2%, 23.1% and 50.0%. VES at1.25g/kg.b.w., 2.5 g/ kg.b.w. by ig and20 mg/kg. b.w. via ip reduced the total volumeof tumors per mouse (54.8 ± 8.84, 28.4 ± 8.32and 23.9± 16.05), being significantly lower thanthat of B(a)P group (150.2±20.93, P＜0.01).The inhibitory rates were 63.5%, 81.1% and84.1%, respectively.CONCLUSION VES has inhibitory effects on B(a) P-induced forestomach carcinogenesis infemale mice, especially by ip and it may be apotential anti-cancer agent in vivo.
基金The National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2004CB418506)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20337010) the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2004AA649060)
文摘Two indigenous microorganisms, Bacillus sp. SB02 and Mucor sp. SF06, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were co-immobilized on vermiculite by physical adsorption and used to degrade benzo[a] pyrene （BaP）. The characteristics of BaP degradation by both free and co-immobilized microorganism were then investigated and compared. The removal rate using the immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium was higher than that of the freely mobile mixed consortium. 95.3% of BaP was degraded using the co-immobilized system within 42 d, which was remarkably higher than the removal rate of that by the free strains. The optimal amount of inoculated co-immobilized system for BaP degradation was 2%. The immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium also showed better water stability than the free strains. Kinetics of BaP biodegradation by co-immobilized SF06 and SB02 were also studied. The results demonstrated that BaP degradation could be well described by a zero-order reaction rate equation when the initial BaP concentration was in the range of 10--200 mg/kg. The scanning electronic microscope （SEM） analysis showed that the co-immobilized microstructure was suitable for the growth of SF06 and SB02. The mass transmission process of co-immobilized system in soil is discussed. The results demonstrate the potential for employing the bacterial-fungal mixed consortium, co-immobilized on vermiculite, for in situ bioremediation of BaP.
