There is a puzzling astrophysical result concerning the latest observation of the absorption profile of the redshifted radio line 21 cm from the early Universe(as described in Bowman et al.). The amplitude of the prof...There is a puzzling astrophysical result concerning the latest observation of the absorption profile of the redshifted radio line 21 cm from the early Universe(as described in Bowman et al.). The amplitude of the profile was more than a factor of two greater than the largest predictions. This could mean that the primordial hydrogen gas was much cooler than expected. Some explanations in the literature suggested a possible cooling of baryons either by unspecified dark matter particles or by some exotic dark matter particles with a charge a million times smaller than the electron charge. Other explanations required an additional radio background. In the present paper, we entertain a possible different explanation for the above puzzling observational result: the explanation is based on the alternative kind of hydrogen atoms(AKHA),whose existence was previously demonstrated theoretically, as well as by the analysis of atomic experiments. Namely, the AKHA are expected to decouple from the cosmic microwave background(CMB) much earlier(in the course of the Universe expansion) than usual hydrogen atoms, so that the AKHA temperature is significantly lower than that of usual hydrogen atoms. This seems to lower the excitation(spin) temperature of the hyperfine doublet(responsible for the 21 cm line) sufficiently enough for explaining the above puzzling observational result. This possible explanation appears to be more specific and natural than the previous possible explanations. Further observational studies of the redshifted 21 cm radio line from the early Universe could help to verify which explanation is the most relevant.展开更多
近三十年来,分子生物学领域包括人体基因组学、蛋白质组学等新学科和新技术蓬勃兴起,并取得了令人瞩目的成果,但深层次微观研究的局限亦日渐明显。生命科学研究的最终目的不仅是揭示生命的奥秘,更重要的是解决疾病问题,促进人类健康和...近三十年来,分子生物学领域包括人体基因组学、蛋白质组学等新学科和新技术蓬勃兴起,并取得了令人瞩目的成果,但深层次微观研究的局限亦日渐明显。生命科学研究的最终目的不仅是揭示生命的奥秘,更重要的是解决疾病问题,促进人类健康和福祉。正如诺贝尔奖得主James Black指出"分子生物学研究所获得的信息如果不结合组织器官和整体分析,则将成为孤独的分子结构和机制的一张无序的清单"。而生理学可能正是将此无序的"碎片(puzzle)"拼接成一幅有序画面的"整合者"。上世纪九十年代国际生理科学联合会(International Union of Physiological Sciences,IUPS)提出了"生理组计划",近年来随着计算机等技术的进步,生理组学研究正方兴未艾,并在生理功能的预测、药物研发模型的建立等方面发挥越来越重要的作用,但不少生理学工作者至今对于生理组学的概念仍相对生疏。高峰等教授撰写此文,从生理组学概念的提出及发展,到重点介绍生理组学与经典生理学和系统生物学之间的关系,讨论了面对当今生命科学研究的机遇和挑战,生理学家能否借助生理组学发展平台,有效地整合当今多种相关"组学"的信息,以促进现代生理学的发展,并在认识生命与健康、解决疾病问题中发挥引领作用。此文值得一读,文中提出的问题也值得读者思考。展开更多
BACKGROUND Microcystic adnexal carcinoma(MAC)is a rare malignant tumor of the skin that is commonly found on the face.It grows slowly and has a low mortality rate.However,for various reasons,including strong histologi...BACKGROUND Microcystic adnexal carcinoma(MAC)is a rare malignant tumor of the skin that is commonly found on the face.It grows slowly and has a low mortality rate.However,for various reasons,including strong histological invasiveness,clinical inexperience and inadequate procedure design,immediate or permanent facial deformity may occur after surgical operations.CASE SUMMARY This article describes a middle-aged female artist who was diagnosed with MAC on the left upper lip.She declined the recommended treatment plan,which included two-stage reconstruction,skin grafting,or surgery that could have resulted in obvious facial dysfunction or esthetic deformity.We accurately designed a personalized procedure involving a“jigsaw puzzle advancement flap”for the patient based on the lesion location and the estimated area of skin loss.The procedure was successful;both pathological R0 resection and immediate and long-term esthetic reconstruction effects were achieved.CONCLUSION This study suggests that when treating facial MAC or other skin malignancies,a surgical team should have sufficient plastic surgery-related knowledge and skills.An optimal surgical plan for an individual is needed to achieve good facial esthetics and functional recovery and shorten the treatment course.展开更多
Current image steganography methods are working by assigning an image as a cover file then embed the payload within it by modifying its pixels,creating the stego image.However,the left traces that are caused by these ...Current image steganography methods are working by assigning an image as a cover file then embed the payload within it by modifying its pixels,creating the stego image.However,the left traces that are caused by these modifications will make steganalysis algorithms easily detect the hidden payload.A coverless data hiding concept is proposed to solve this issue.Coverless does not mean that cover is not required,or the payload can be transmitted without a cover.Instead,the payload is embedded by cover generation or a secret message mapping between the cover file and the payload.In this paper,a new coverless image steganography method has been proposed based on the jigsaw puzzle image generation driven by a secret message.Firstly,the image is divided into equal rows then further divided into equal columns,creating blocks(i.e.,sub-images).Then,according to secret message bits and a proposed mapping function,each block will have tabs/blanks to get the shape of a puzzle piece creating a fully shaped jigsaw puzzle stego-image.After that,the generated jigsaw puzzle image is sent to the receiver.Experimental results and analysis show a good performance in the hiding capacity,security,and robustness compared with existing coverless image steganography methods.展开更多
Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is a common condition affecting over 50% of men as they reach the 5th decade of their life[1].While over half of these patients have symptoms,it is not clear why some of these men do w...Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is a common condition affecting over 50% of men as they reach the 5th decade of their life[1].While over half of these patients have symptoms,it is not clear why some of these men do while others do not.The article Solving the benign prostatic hyperplasia puzzle by Keong Tatt Foo[2],delves into the different conundrums urologists face when trying to treat their patients.展开更多
Two-dimensional porous carbon nanosheets(PCNSs)are considered promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries due to their synergetic features arising from both graphene and porous structures.Herein,using naturally abundan...Two-dimensional porous carbon nanosheets(PCNSs)are considered promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries due to their synergetic features arising from both graphene and porous structures.Herein,using naturally abundant and biocompatible sodium humate(SH)as the precursor,PCNSs are prepared from the laboratory scale up to the kilogram scale by a method of a facile ice-templating-induced puzzle coupled with a carbonization strategy.Such obtained SH-derived PCNSs(SH-PCNSs)possess a hierarchical porous structure dominated by mesopores having a specific surface area(~127.192 g^(−1)),pore volume(~0.134 cm3 g^(−1)),sheet-like morphology(~2.18nm in thickness),and nitrogen/oxygen-containing functional groups.Owing to these merits,the SH-PCNSs present impressive Li-ion storage characteristics,including high reversible capacity(1011mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 A g^(−1)),excellent rate capability(465mAh g^(−1) at 5 A g^(−1)),and superior cycle stability(76.8%capacitance retention after 1000 cycles at 5 A g^(−1)).It is noted that the SH-PCNSs prepared from the kilogram-scale production procedure possess comparable electrochemical properties.Furthermore,coupling with a LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode,the full cells deliver a high capacity of 167mAh g^(−1) at 0.2A g^(−1) and exhibit an outstanding energy density of 128.8Whkg^(−1),highlighting the practicability of this porous carbon nanosheets and the potential commercial opportunity of the scalable processing approach.展开更多
From 1985, an increasing gap has emerged between the official statistical measures of meat production and meat consumption in China, which has raised concerns from many researchers using such data. In this paper we re...From 1985, an increasing gap has emerged between the official statistical measures of meat production and meat consumption in China, which has raised concerns from many researchers using such data. In this paper we report the results of 428 observations（survey of 107 urban and rural households×4 quarters） from 7 provinces conducted in 2010, and compare them with the official statistical data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China（NBSC）. We conclude that the main reason for the discrepancy is due to the underreporting of consumption, which is due mainly to the omission of consumption away from home.展开更多
基金国家自然科学基金项目(6074100160871092)+3 种基金黑龙江省杰出青年科学基金项目(JC200611)黑龙江省自然科学基金重点项目(ZJG0705)哈尔滨工业大学校基金项目(HIT.2003.53)the High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(2007AA01Z171)~~
文摘There is a puzzling astrophysical result concerning the latest observation of the absorption profile of the redshifted radio line 21 cm from the early Universe(as described in Bowman et al.). The amplitude of the profile was more than a factor of two greater than the largest predictions. This could mean that the primordial hydrogen gas was much cooler than expected. Some explanations in the literature suggested a possible cooling of baryons either by unspecified dark matter particles or by some exotic dark matter particles with a charge a million times smaller than the electron charge. Other explanations required an additional radio background. In the present paper, we entertain a possible different explanation for the above puzzling observational result: the explanation is based on the alternative kind of hydrogen atoms(AKHA),whose existence was previously demonstrated theoretically, as well as by the analysis of atomic experiments. Namely, the AKHA are expected to decouple from the cosmic microwave background(CMB) much earlier(in the course of the Universe expansion) than usual hydrogen atoms, so that the AKHA temperature is significantly lower than that of usual hydrogen atoms. This seems to lower the excitation(spin) temperature of the hyperfine doublet(responsible for the 21 cm line) sufficiently enough for explaining the above puzzling observational result. This possible explanation appears to be more specific and natural than the previous possible explanations. Further observational studies of the redshifted 21 cm radio line from the early Universe could help to verify which explanation is the most relevant.
文摘近三十年来,分子生物学领域包括人体基因组学、蛋白质组学等新学科和新技术蓬勃兴起,并取得了令人瞩目的成果,但深层次微观研究的局限亦日渐明显。生命科学研究的最终目的不仅是揭示生命的奥秘,更重要的是解决疾病问题,促进人类健康和福祉。正如诺贝尔奖得主James Black指出"分子生物学研究所获得的信息如果不结合组织器官和整体分析,则将成为孤独的分子结构和机制的一张无序的清单"。而生理学可能正是将此无序的"碎片(puzzle)"拼接成一幅有序画面的"整合者"。上世纪九十年代国际生理科学联合会(International Union of Physiological Sciences,IUPS)提出了"生理组计划",近年来随着计算机等技术的进步,生理组学研究正方兴未艾,并在生理功能的预测、药物研发模型的建立等方面发挥越来越重要的作用,但不少生理学工作者至今对于生理组学的概念仍相对生疏。高峰等教授撰写此文,从生理组学概念的提出及发展,到重点介绍生理组学与经典生理学和系统生物学之间的关系,讨论了面对当今生命科学研究的机遇和挑战,生理学家能否借助生理组学发展平台,有效地整合当今多种相关"组学"的信息,以促进现代生理学的发展,并在认识生命与健康、解决疾病问题中发挥引领作用。此文值得一读,文中提出的问题也值得读者思考。
文摘BACKGROUND Microcystic adnexal carcinoma(MAC)is a rare malignant tumor of the skin that is commonly found on the face.It grows slowly and has a low mortality rate.However,for various reasons,including strong histological invasiveness,clinical inexperience and inadequate procedure design,immediate or permanent facial deformity may occur after surgical operations.CASE SUMMARY This article describes a middle-aged female artist who was diagnosed with MAC on the left upper lip.She declined the recommended treatment plan,which included two-stage reconstruction,skin grafting,or surgery that could have resulted in obvious facial dysfunction or esthetic deformity.We accurately designed a personalized procedure involving a“jigsaw puzzle advancement flap”for the patient based on the lesion location and the estimated area of skin loss.The procedure was successful;both pathological R0 resection and immediate and long-term esthetic reconstruction effects were achieved.CONCLUSION This study suggests that when treating facial MAC or other skin malignancies,a surgical team should have sufficient plastic surgery-related knowledge and skills.An optimal surgical plan for an individual is needed to achieve good facial esthetics and functional recovery and shorten the treatment course.
基金funded by“Taif University Researchers Supporting Project No.(TURSP-2020/160),Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia.”。
文摘Current image steganography methods are working by assigning an image as a cover file then embed the payload within it by modifying its pixels,creating the stego image.However,the left traces that are caused by these modifications will make steganalysis algorithms easily detect the hidden payload.A coverless data hiding concept is proposed to solve this issue.Coverless does not mean that cover is not required,or the payload can be transmitted without a cover.Instead,the payload is embedded by cover generation or a secret message mapping between the cover file and the payload.In this paper,a new coverless image steganography method has been proposed based on the jigsaw puzzle image generation driven by a secret message.Firstly,the image is divided into equal rows then further divided into equal columns,creating blocks(i.e.,sub-images).Then,according to secret message bits and a proposed mapping function,each block will have tabs/blanks to get the shape of a puzzle piece creating a fully shaped jigsaw puzzle stego-image.After that,the generated jigsaw puzzle image is sent to the receiver.Experimental results and analysis show a good performance in the hiding capacity,security,and robustness compared with existing coverless image steganography methods.
文摘Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is a common condition affecting over 50% of men as they reach the 5th decade of their life[1].While over half of these patients have symptoms,it is not clear why some of these men do while others do not.The article Solving the benign prostatic hyperplasia puzzle by Keong Tatt Foo[2],delves into the different conundrums urologists face when trying to treat their patients.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52274261,52074109,52304284Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,Grant/Award Number:222300420167+4 种基金Research Fund of Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion,Grant/Award Number:CGCF202201Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province,Grant/Award Number:21HASTIT008Key Scientific Research Project in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province,Grant/Award Numbers:22A430022,24A440003Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province,Grant/Award Number:212102310564Natural Science Fund from Ningbo Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology,Grant/Award Number:2023J040。
文摘Two-dimensional porous carbon nanosheets(PCNSs)are considered promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries due to their synergetic features arising from both graphene and porous structures.Herein,using naturally abundant and biocompatible sodium humate(SH)as the precursor,PCNSs are prepared from the laboratory scale up to the kilogram scale by a method of a facile ice-templating-induced puzzle coupled with a carbonization strategy.Such obtained SH-derived PCNSs(SH-PCNSs)possess a hierarchical porous structure dominated by mesopores having a specific surface area(~127.192 g^(−1)),pore volume(~0.134 cm3 g^(−1)),sheet-like morphology(~2.18nm in thickness),and nitrogen/oxygen-containing functional groups.Owing to these merits,the SH-PCNSs present impressive Li-ion storage characteristics,including high reversible capacity(1011mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 A g^(−1)),excellent rate capability(465mAh g^(−1) at 5 A g^(−1)),and superior cycle stability(76.8%capacitance retention after 1000 cycles at 5 A g^(−1)).It is noted that the SH-PCNSs prepared from the kilogram-scale production procedure possess comparable electrochemical properties.Furthermore,coupling with a LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode,the full cells deliver a high capacity of 167mAh g^(−1) at 0.2A g^(−1) and exhibit an outstanding energy density of 128.8Whkg^(−1),highlighting the practicability of this porous carbon nanosheets and the potential commercial opportunity of the scalable processing approach.
基金supported by the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System,China(CARS-42-G24)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(ASTIP-IAED-2015-01)+1 种基金the Project of Construction of Innovative Teams and Teacher Career Development for Universities and Colleges Under Beijing Municipality,China(IDHT20140510)the Project of Strategy of Ensuring China’s Animal Products Eatable Safety(13BGL098)
文摘From 1985, an increasing gap has emerged between the official statistical measures of meat production and meat consumption in China, which has raised concerns from many researchers using such data. In this paper we report the results of 428 observations（survey of 107 urban and rural households×4 quarters） from 7 provinces conducted in 2010, and compare them with the official statistical data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China（NBSC）. We conclude that the main reason for the discrepancy is due to the underreporting of consumption, which is due mainly to the omission of consumption away from home.
