Acrylamide(AA)is a harmful substance widely found in infant and child biscuits;however,the health hazards of AA,especially endogenous AA,in the biscuit matrix is poorly understood.This study aimed to determine the eff...Acrylamide(AA)is a harmful substance widely found in infant and child biscuits;however,the health hazards of AA,especially endogenous AA,in the biscuit matrix is poorly understood.This study aimed to determine the effects of endogenous(0.11 mg/(kg bw·day))and exogenous(1.31,5.23,and 10.13 mg/(kg bw·day))AA exposure from biscuit diet on the hematology,hormone levels,immune function,and liver and kidney damage in growing female rat pups.For the hematological indices,a quadratic reduction was observed in percentage of neutrophils(Neu%)and percentage of eosinophils(Eos%)in the leukograms and in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and platelet in the erythrograms in all the AA-exposed groups.In terms of hormones,extremely remarkably elevations in estradiol(E_(2))and growth hormone(GH)levels were associated with exogenous AA,and a significant increase in GH levels was noted in the endogenous AA group.Regarding immune function,endogenous and exogenous AA showed a dose-dependent immunotoxic effect on lysozyme(LYSO),nitric oxide(NO),immunoglobulin(Ig)G,and IgM.In particular,the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity was significantly high in the exogenous medium dose(Exo-M)and exogenous high dose(Exo-H)groups,and the percentage of CD3^(+)T cells in the blood and CD8^(+)expression levels in the spleen were significantly elevated in the Exo-H group.For liver and kidney function,exogenous AA had a dose-dependent effect on alanine aminotransferases(ALT),aspartate transferases(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),urea nitrogen(UREA),and creatinine(CREA-S).In addition to the dose-dependent effect on the pathological changes in the liver and kidneys,the endogenous AA group presented with hepatocellular steatosis,kidney inflammatory infiltrates,and glomerular and tubular atrophy.Overall,our findings suggested the dose-dependent harmful effect of endogenous and exogenous AA.Special attention should be paid to the damage caused by exposure to endogenous AA.Stringent AA intake guidelines and measures are required to minimize AA levels in the food matrix.展开更多
我局新建成的新一代天气雷达产品共享服务平台(PUP 共享服务平台),在基于 Windows 2003 Server 提供的远程终端服务功能的基础上,实现了多个客户端同时使用服务器的气象资源的功能。本文从远程终端服务的服务器端、客户端、PUP 软件安...我局新建成的新一代天气雷达产品共享服务平台(PUP 共享服务平台),在基于 Windows 2003 Server 提供的远程终端服务功能的基础上,实现了多个客户端同时使用服务器的气象资源的功能。本文从远程终端服务的服务器端、客户端、PUP 软件安装等方面的技术实现角度,以及通过它方便地扩展为气象信息共享平台等方面,主要介绍了 PUP 共享服务平台的组建和应用情况。展开更多
Rabies, a zoonotic disease, kills 55,000 persons every year globally and 20,000 persons in India. Two years back, we learnt of two deaths due to Rabies in remote village Shiv Shankar Garh of Arki block of District Sol...Rabies, a zoonotic disease, kills 55,000 persons every year globally and 20,000 persons in India. Two years back, we learnt of two deaths due to Rabies in remote village Shiv Shankar Garh of Arki block of District Solan and decided to investigate the deaths. Method: A rapid response team was constituted to investigate the deaths. We interviewed the villagers & family to conduct verbal autopsy. A line list of entire population of village and household contacts of the patients, who died, were made along with the line list of dogs and cattle. Results & Discussion: A-month-old stray pup brought home by the family and had caused an abrasion with its toes on the hands of both the deceased on June 2, 2011 while playing. The lady developed paralysis of the arm on July 3, 2011 and 3 days later developed symptoms of hydrophobia. She died on July 9, 2011. Her son had developed hydrophobia 10 days after that and died on July 19, 2011. Assumption that bite or abrasion by a small pup of one month cannot be fatal proved otherwise. Lack of awareness regarding the fatality of even a scratch and lack of knowledge regarding local treatment of the wound & vaccination of both human and pups, were the main reasons for the deaths. While such incidents keep on happening, and the veterinarians in India are refusing to vaccinate pups before three months of age, as pups may not develop immunity before that age, leaving unsuspecting people to the risk of rabies. Conclusions: Humans can be exposed to rabies even by pups below 3 months of age. Recommendation: Pup vaccination schedule in rabies endemic countries like India need revision. Veterinarians and public health experts need to strongly consider vaccinating pups at first contact with humans even if they are less than 3 months of age. A booster to the pup can be given at three months of age with subsequent yearly boosters.展开更多
文摘Acrylamide(AA)is a harmful substance widely found in infant and child biscuits;however,the health hazards of AA,especially endogenous AA,in the biscuit matrix is poorly understood.This study aimed to determine the effects of endogenous(0.11 mg/(kg bw·day))and exogenous(1.31,5.23,and 10.13 mg/(kg bw·day))AA exposure from biscuit diet on the hematology,hormone levels,immune function,and liver and kidney damage in growing female rat pups.For the hematological indices,a quadratic reduction was observed in percentage of neutrophils(Neu%)and percentage of eosinophils(Eos%)in the leukograms and in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and platelet in the erythrograms in all the AA-exposed groups.In terms of hormones,extremely remarkably elevations in estradiol(E_(2))and growth hormone(GH)levels were associated with exogenous AA,and a significant increase in GH levels was noted in the endogenous AA group.Regarding immune function,endogenous and exogenous AA showed a dose-dependent immunotoxic effect on lysozyme(LYSO),nitric oxide(NO),immunoglobulin(Ig)G,and IgM.In particular,the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity was significantly high in the exogenous medium dose(Exo-M)and exogenous high dose(Exo-H)groups,and the percentage of CD3^(+)T cells in the blood and CD8^(+)expression levels in the spleen were significantly elevated in the Exo-H group.For liver and kidney function,exogenous AA had a dose-dependent effect on alanine aminotransferases(ALT),aspartate transferases(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),urea nitrogen(UREA),and creatinine(CREA-S).In addition to the dose-dependent effect on the pathological changes in the liver and kidneys,the endogenous AA group presented with hepatocellular steatosis,kidney inflammatory infiltrates,and glomerular and tubular atrophy.Overall,our findings suggested the dose-dependent harmful effect of endogenous and exogenous AA.Special attention should be paid to the damage caused by exposure to endogenous AA.Stringent AA intake guidelines and measures are required to minimize AA levels in the food matrix.
文摘我局新建成的新一代天气雷达产品共享服务平台(PUP 共享服务平台),在基于 Windows 2003 Server 提供的远程终端服务功能的基础上,实现了多个客户端同时使用服务器的气象资源的功能。本文从远程终端服务的服务器端、客户端、PUP 软件安装等方面的技术实现角度,以及通过它方便地扩展为气象信息共享平台等方面,主要介绍了 PUP 共享服务平台的组建和应用情况。
文摘Rabies, a zoonotic disease, kills 55,000 persons every year globally and 20,000 persons in India. Two years back, we learnt of two deaths due to Rabies in remote village Shiv Shankar Garh of Arki block of District Solan and decided to investigate the deaths. Method: A rapid response team was constituted to investigate the deaths. We interviewed the villagers & family to conduct verbal autopsy. A line list of entire population of village and household contacts of the patients, who died, were made along with the line list of dogs and cattle. Results & Discussion: A-month-old stray pup brought home by the family and had caused an abrasion with its toes on the hands of both the deceased on June 2, 2011 while playing. The lady developed paralysis of the arm on July 3, 2011 and 3 days later developed symptoms of hydrophobia. She died on July 9, 2011. Her son had developed hydrophobia 10 days after that and died on July 19, 2011. Assumption that bite or abrasion by a small pup of one month cannot be fatal proved otherwise. Lack of awareness regarding the fatality of even a scratch and lack of knowledge regarding local treatment of the wound & vaccination of both human and pups, were the main reasons for the deaths. While such incidents keep on happening, and the veterinarians in India are refusing to vaccinate pups before three months of age, as pups may not develop immunity before that age, leaving unsuspecting people to the risk of rabies. Conclusions: Humans can be exposed to rabies even by pups below 3 months of age. Recommendation: Pup vaccination schedule in rabies endemic countries like India need revision. Veterinarians and public health experts need to strongly consider vaccinating pups at first contact with humans even if they are less than 3 months of age. A booster to the pup can be given at three months of age with subsequent yearly boosters.
