Current research on pump-turbine units is focused on the unstable operation at off-design conditions, with the characteristic curves in generating mode being S-shaped. Unlike in the traditional water turbines, pump-tu...Current research on pump-turbine units is focused on the unstable operation at off-design conditions, with the characteristic curves in generating mode being S-shaped. Unlike in the traditional water turbines, pump-turbine operation along the S-shaped curve can lead to difficulties during load rejection with unusual increases in the water pressure, which leads to machine vibrations. This paper describes both model tests and numerical simulations. A reduced scale model of a low specific speed pump-turbine was used for the performance tests, with comparisons to computational fluid dynamics（CFD） results. Predictions using the detached eddy simulation（DES） turbulence model, which is a combined Reynolds averaged Naviers-Stokes（RANS） and large eddy simulation（LES） model, are compared with the two-equation turbulence mode results. The external characteristics as well as the internal flow are for various guide vane openings to understand the unsteady flow along the so called S characteristics of a pump-turbine. Comparison of the experimental data with the CFD results for various conditions and times shows that DES model gives better agreement with experimental data than the two-equation turbulence model. For low flow conditions, the centrifugal forces and the large incident angle create large vortices between the guide vanes and the runner inlet in the runner passage, which is the main factor leading to the S-shaped characteristics. The turbulence model used here gives more accurate simulations of the internal flow characteristics of the pump-turbine and a more detailed force analysis which shows the mechanisms controlling of the S characteristics.展开更多
In order to investigate the alternate operation characteristics of a solar-ground source heat pump system（SGSHPS）,various alternate operation modes are put forward and defined.A two-dimensional mathematical model wi...In order to investigate the alternate operation characteristics of a solar-ground source heat pump system（SGSHPS）,various alternate operation modes are put forward and defined.A two-dimensional mathematical model with freezing/melting phase changes is developed for the heat transfer analysis of the soil.Based on the numerical solution of the model,the variation trends of underground soil temperature of the SGSHPS operated in various alternate operation modes are discussed.The results indicate that,for the day-night and short-time interval alternate operation modes without solar energy,the operation time fraction of a solar heat source should be confined to from 50% to 58% when operated in an alternate period of 24 h.Meanwhile,the disadvantages of a natural resumption of soil temperature can be overcome effectively by solar energy filling,and an optimal operation effect can be achieved by integrating the mode of solar energy filling with other alternate modes.In addition,the accuracy of the presented model is verified by the experimental data of borehole wall temperatures.The conclusions can provide a reference for the optimization operation of the SGSHPS.展开更多
The blade number of impeller is an important design parameter of pumps,which affects the characteristics of pump heavily.At present,the investigation focuses mostly on the performance characteristics of axis flow pump...The blade number of impeller is an important design parameter of pumps,which affects the characteristics of pump heavily.At present,the investigation focuses mostly on the performance characteristics of axis flow pumps,the influence of blade number on inner flow filed and characteristics of centrifugal pump has not been understood completely.Therefore,the methods of numerical simulation and experimental verification are used to investigate the effects of blade number on flow field and characteristics of a centrifugal pump.The model pump has a design specific speed of 92.7 and an impeller with 5 blades.The blade number is varied to 4,6,7 with the casing and other geometric parameters keep constant.The inner flow fields and characteristics of the centrifugal pumps with different blade number are simulated and predicted in non-cavitation and cavitation conditions by using commercial code FLUENT.The impellers with different blade number are made by using rapid prototyping,and their characteristics are tested in an open loop.The comparison between prediction values and experimental results indicates that the prediction results are satisfied.The maximum discrepancy of prediction results for head,efficiency and required net positive suction head are 4.83%,3.9%and 0.36 m,respectively.The flow analysis displays that blade number change has an important effect on the area of low pressure region behind the blade inlet and jet-wake structure in impellers.With the increase of blade number,the head of the model pumps increases too,the variable regulation of efficiency and cavitation characteristics are complicated,but there are optimum values of blade number for each one.The research results are helpful for hydraulic design of centrifugal pump.展开更多
In order to specify the characteristics of un-overloaded centrifugal pumps, the IH100-65-200 pump was chosen as the model pump. Different calculation models for centrifugal pumps were established under different pumpi...In order to specify the characteristics of un-overloaded centrifugal pumps, the IH100-65-200 pump was chosen as the model pump. Different calculation models for centrifugal pumps were established under different pumping chamber sectional parameters. In the numerical simulation of the centrifugal pumps flow field, the shaft power, head, efficiency, and the changes of the internal flow field under different sectional areas and sectional shapes were studied with the RNG k-ε turbulence model, and the influence of the pumping chamber section characteristics of the non-overloaded centrifugal pumps were analyzed. The results show that sectional areas have a significant impact on the non-overload characteristics of centrifugal pumps. The shaft power and head of centrifugal pump are increasing with a lager sectional area, by which the gradient of head curves decreases. The efficiency is improved under a large flow rate condition, but the head and the efficiency are reduced at a small flow rate. It is also observed that the sectional shapes have less influence on the shaft power, the hydraulic performance and flow field characteristics of a centrifugal pump.展开更多
The large eddy simulation（LES） of the flow characteristics in an annular jet pump（AJP） is conducted, and the flow characteristics are systematically analyzed from both time-averaged and instantaneous aspects. The ...The large eddy simulation（LES） of the flow characteristics in an annular jet pump（AJP） is conducted, and the flow characteristics are systematically analyzed from both time-averaged and instantaneous aspects. The jet expansion, the velocity distribution and the energy are considered to analyze the time-averaged evolution of the flow field in the AJP. The transient flow characteristics can also be acquired from the analysis of the turbulence intensity and the Reynolds stress. The simulation demonstrates that in the time-averaged characteristics, the potential cores increase linearly with the increase of the flow ratio. With the flow development, the jet half-width gradually increases and the residual energy coefficient decreases. Compared with the distribution of the time-averaged axial velocity, that of the instantaneous velocity is more complex and disorderly. The high intensity of the axial turbulence mainly occurs in the mixing layer and the near-wall regions of the diffuser. The annular distribution of the Reynolds stress is mainly in the mixing layer and the recirculation region. There is a low-stress zone between the mixing layer and the high-stress region in the wall-boundary layer. The intensity of the spanwise vortexes is larger than that of the streamwise vortexes, and therefore, the former make greater contribution to the total vorticity. This research provides a better understanding of the flow characteristics in the AJP.展开更多
In order to investigate the characteristics of a vertical axial flow pump under various clearances of flare tube, the bell-shaped inlet and box culvert outlet channels with flare tube are studied numerically and exper...In order to investigate the characteristics of a vertical axial flow pump under various clearances of flare tube, the bell-shaped inlet and box culvert outlet channels with flare tube are studied numerically and experimentally. Then, the cases of inlet and outlet channels with the least hydraulic loss are selected to form an integral pump system, for which both numerical simulation and experimental investigation are carried out. The numerical results agree well with the experimental data. It is shown that the clearances of the interfaces between different components of the pump system have a significant impact on the internal flow structure, turbulent entropy and hydraulic performance of the inlet and outlet channels. For the cases of normalized bottom clearance less than 0.5 and normalized top clearance larger than 0.4, the internal flow and hydraulic performance indexes of inlet and outlet channels are relatively poor. There also exists a critical clearance in either inlet or outlet channel at which the hydraulic loss reaches the maximum. The results serve as an important reference for the design as well as safe and efficient operation of the vertical axial flow pump system.展开更多
In order to analyze the influence of blade outlet angle on inner flow field and performance of low-specific-speed centrifugal pump, the flow field in the pump with different blade outlet angles 32.5°and 39° ...In order to analyze the influence of blade outlet angle on inner flow field and performance of low-specific-speed centrifugal pump, the flow field in the pump with different blade outlet angles 32.5°and 39° was numerically calculated. The external performance experiment was also carried out on the pump. Based on SIMPLEC algorithm, time-average N-S equation and the rectified k-ε turbulent model were adopted during the process of computation. The distributions of velocity and pressure in pumps with different blade outlet angles were obtained by calculation. The numerical results show that backflow areas exist in the two impellers, while the inner flow has a little improvement in the impeller with larger blade outlet angle. Blade outlet angle has a certain influence on the static pressure near the long-blade leading edge and tongue, but it has little influence on the distribution of static pressure in the passages of impeller. The experiment results show that the low-specific-speed centrifugal pump with larger blade outlet angle has better hydraulic performance.展开更多
For the sake of guiding parameter setting of the hydraulic lifting pipeline system for cutter-suction mining of natural gas hydrates(“hydrates”for short)on the seabed,the decomposition characteristics of hydrates in...For the sake of guiding parameter setting of the hydraulic lifting pipeline system for cutter-suction mining of natural gas hydrates(“hydrates”for short)on the seabed,the decomposition characteristics of hydrates in hydraulic lifting pipelines and the effects of flow parameters on decomposition characteristics were studied in this paper.A temperature–pressure model for the hydrate hydraulic lifting pipeline,a hydrate decomposition mass transfer model and a pipeline multiphase flow model were established using mathematical modeling method according to thermodynamics and fluid mechanics.Then,the relationships of the temperature and pressure of pipeline fluid,the amount of hydrate particulate matter and the decomposition surface vs.the underwater depth under the effect of different influencing factors during the transformation from solid–liquid two-phase flow to solid–liquid–gas three-phase flow were analyzed.And the following research results were obtained.First,the decomposition of hydrate slows down and the decomposition surface moves upward slightly with the increase of flow rate in the pipeline.Second,particle size basically has no effects on the temperature and pressure of pipeline fluid,the hydrate phase equilibrium pressure and hydrate decomposition surface.However,only the hydrate particles whose diameter is smaller than 0.2 mm can be completely decomposed in the pipeline while the decomposition of those whose particles size is greater than 2.0 mm is negligible.Third,if the back pressure at the outlet is positive,the decomposition surface moves upward and the decomposition of hydrate slows down with the increase of the back pressure.And if the back pressure at the outlet is negative,the decomposition surface moves downward and the decomposition of hydrate speeds up with the increase of the back pressure.Fourth,the decomposition of hydrate slows down and the decomposition surface moves upward with the increase of mineral depth.However,the decomposition rate and decomposition surface are basically unchanged when the mineral depth is below 1500 m under water.Fifth,the experimental results are basically consistent with the numerical simulation results,and it is indicated that the newly established models are of high reliability.In conclusion,decomposition surface height and decomposition rate can be adjusted by controlling flow rate and outlet back pressure rationally during the cutter-suction mining of hydrates while the influences of particle diameter and mining depth on gas production need not be taken into consideration.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51139007)State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Open Foundation of China(Grant No.2014-KY-05)
文摘Current research on pump-turbine units is focused on the unstable operation at off-design conditions, with the characteristic curves in generating mode being S-shaped. Unlike in the traditional water turbines, pump-turbine operation along the S-shaped curve can lead to difficulties during load rejection with unusual increases in the water pressure, which leads to machine vibrations. This paper describes both model tests and numerical simulations. A reduced scale model of a low specific speed pump-turbine was used for the performance tests, with comparisons to computational fluid dynamics（CFD） results. Predictions using the detached eddy simulation（DES） turbulence model, which is a combined Reynolds averaged Naviers-Stokes（RANS） and large eddy simulation（LES） model, are compared with the two-equation turbulence mode results. The external characteristics as well as the internal flow are for various guide vane openings to understand the unsteady flow along the so called S characteristics of a pump-turbine. Comparison of the experimental data with the CFD results for various conditions and times shows that DES model gives better agreement with experimental data than the two-equation turbulence model. For low flow conditions, the centrifugal forces and the large incident angle create large vortices between the guide vanes and the runner inlet in the runner passage, which is the main factor leading to the S-shaped characteristics. The turbulence model used here gives more accurate simulations of the internal flow characteristics of the pump-turbine and a more detailed force analysis which shows the mechanisms controlling of the S characteristics.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of Chinaduring the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2008BAJ12B04)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.20090461050)+1 种基金the Project of Researchand Development of Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development ofChina(No.2008-K1-26)the New Century Talent Project of Yangzhou University for Excellent Young Backbone Teacher(2008)
文摘In order to investigate the alternate operation characteristics of a solar-ground source heat pump system（SGSHPS）,various alternate operation modes are put forward and defined.A two-dimensional mathematical model with freezing/melting phase changes is developed for the heat transfer analysis of the soil.Based on the numerical solution of the model,the variation trends of underground soil temperature of the SGSHPS operated in various alternate operation modes are discussed.The results indicate that,for the day-night and short-time interval alternate operation modes without solar energy,the operation time fraction of a solar heat source should be confined to from 50% to 58% when operated in an alternate period of 24 h.Meanwhile,the disadvantages of a natural resumption of soil temperature can be overcome effectively by solar energy filling,and an optimal operation effect can be achieved by integrating the mode of solar energy filling with other alternate modes.In addition,the accuracy of the presented model is verified by the experimental data of borehole wall temperatures.The conclusions can provide a reference for the optimization operation of the SGSHPS.
基金supported by National Outstanding Young Scientists Founds of China(Grant No.50825902)Top talent Foundation of Jiangsu University of China(Grant No.2007001)
文摘The blade number of impeller is an important design parameter of pumps,which affects the characteristics of pump heavily.At present,the investigation focuses mostly on the performance characteristics of axis flow pumps,the influence of blade number on inner flow filed and characteristics of centrifugal pump has not been understood completely.Therefore,the methods of numerical simulation and experimental verification are used to investigate the effects of blade number on flow field and characteristics of a centrifugal pump.The model pump has a design specific speed of 92.7 and an impeller with 5 blades.The blade number is varied to 4,6,7 with the casing and other geometric parameters keep constant.The inner flow fields and characteristics of the centrifugal pumps with different blade number are simulated and predicted in non-cavitation and cavitation conditions by using commercial code FLUENT.The impellers with different blade number are made by using rapid prototyping,and their characteristics are tested in an open loop.The comparison between prediction values and experimental results indicates that the prediction results are satisfied.The maximum discrepancy of prediction results for head,efficiency and required net positive suction head are 4.83%,3.9%and 0.36 m,respectively.The flow analysis displays that blade number change has an important effect on the area of low pressure region behind the blade inlet and jet-wake structure in impellers.With the increase of blade number,the head of the model pumps increases too,the variable regulation of efficiency and cavitation characteristics are complicated,but there are optimum values of blade number for each one.The research results are helpful for hydraulic design of centrifugal pump.
基金Projects(51476144,51305399)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(LQ15E050005)supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China
文摘In order to specify the characteristics of un-overloaded centrifugal pumps, the IH100-65-200 pump was chosen as the model pump. Different calculation models for centrifugal pumps were established under different pumping chamber sectional parameters. In the numerical simulation of the centrifugal pumps flow field, the shaft power, head, efficiency, and the changes of the internal flow field under different sectional areas and sectional shapes were studied with the RNG k-ε turbulence model, and the influence of the pumping chamber section characteristics of the non-overloaded centrifugal pumps were analyzed. The results show that sectional areas have a significant impact on the non-overload characteristics of centrifugal pumps. The shaft power and head of centrifugal pump are increasing with a lager sectional area, by which the gradient of head curves decreases. The efficiency is improved under a large flow rate condition, but the head and the efficiency are reduced at a small flow rate. It is also observed that the sectional shapes have less influence on the shaft power, the hydraulic performance and flow field characteristics of a centrifugal pump.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51179134,11472197)
文摘The large eddy simulation（LES） of the flow characteristics in an annular jet pump（AJP） is conducted, and the flow characteristics are systematically analyzed from both time-averaged and instantaneous aspects. The jet expansion, the velocity distribution and the energy are considered to analyze the time-averaged evolution of the flow field in the AJP. The transient flow characteristics can also be acquired from the analysis of the turbulence intensity and the Reynolds stress. The simulation demonstrates that in the time-averaged characteristics, the potential cores increase linearly with the increase of the flow ratio. With the flow development, the jet half-width gradually increases and the residual energy coefficient decreases. Compared with the distribution of the time-averaged axial velocity, that of the instantaneous velocity is more complex and disorderly. The high intensity of the axial turbulence mainly occurs in the mixing layer and the near-wall regions of the diffuser. The annular distribution of the Reynolds stress is mainly in the mixing layer and the recirculation region. There is a low-stress zone between the mixing layer and the high-stress region in the wall-boundary layer. The intensity of the spanwise vortexes is larger than that of the streamwise vortexes, and therefore, the former make greater contribution to the total vorticity. This research provides a better understanding of the flow characteristics in the AJP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52079057,52106043)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M711376).
文摘In order to investigate the characteristics of a vertical axial flow pump under various clearances of flare tube, the bell-shaped inlet and box culvert outlet channels with flare tube are studied numerically and experimentally. Then, the cases of inlet and outlet channels with the least hydraulic loss are selected to form an integral pump system, for which both numerical simulation and experimental investigation are carried out. The numerical results agree well with the experimental data. It is shown that the clearances of the interfaces between different components of the pump system have a significant impact on the internal flow structure, turbulent entropy and hydraulic performance of the inlet and outlet channels. For the cases of normalized bottom clearance less than 0.5 and normalized top clearance larger than 0.4, the internal flow and hydraulic performance indexes of inlet and outlet channels are relatively poor. There also exists a critical clearance in either inlet or outlet channel at which the hydraulic loss reaches the maximum. The results serve as an important reference for the design as well as safe and efficient operation of the vertical axial flow pump system.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China granted No.50976105,No.51276172Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation Granted No.R1100530
文摘In order to analyze the influence of blade outlet angle on inner flow field and performance of low-specific-speed centrifugal pump, the flow field in the pump with different blade outlet angles 32.5°and 39° was numerically calculated. The external performance experiment was also carried out on the pump. Based on SIMPLEC algorithm, time-average N-S equation and the rectified k-ε turbulent model were adopted during the process of computation. The distributions of velocity and pressure in pumps with different blade outlet angles were obtained by calculation. The numerical results show that backflow areas exist in the two impellers, while the inner flow has a little improvement in the impeller with larger blade outlet angle. Blade outlet angle has a certain influence on the static pressure near the long-blade leading edge and tongue, but it has little influence on the distribution of static pressure in the passages of impeller. The experiment results show that the low-specific-speed centrifugal pump with larger blade outlet angle has better hydraulic performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Study on Hydraulic Transport Mechanism and System Design Method of Seabed Gas Hydrate Cutter-Suction Mining”(No.51775561)the Hunan Natural Science Foundation“Working Mechanism and design Method of Hydraulic Lifting Equipment for Deep Sea Mining Valve Controlled Clean Water Pump”(No.2018JJ2522)。
文摘For the sake of guiding parameter setting of the hydraulic lifting pipeline system for cutter-suction mining of natural gas hydrates(“hydrates”for short)on the seabed,the decomposition characteristics of hydrates in hydraulic lifting pipelines and the effects of flow parameters on decomposition characteristics were studied in this paper.A temperature–pressure model for the hydrate hydraulic lifting pipeline,a hydrate decomposition mass transfer model and a pipeline multiphase flow model were established using mathematical modeling method according to thermodynamics and fluid mechanics.Then,the relationships of the temperature and pressure of pipeline fluid,the amount of hydrate particulate matter and the decomposition surface vs.the underwater depth under the effect of different influencing factors during the transformation from solid–liquid two-phase flow to solid–liquid–gas three-phase flow were analyzed.And the following research results were obtained.First,the decomposition of hydrate slows down and the decomposition surface moves upward slightly with the increase of flow rate in the pipeline.Second,particle size basically has no effects on the temperature and pressure of pipeline fluid,the hydrate phase equilibrium pressure and hydrate decomposition surface.However,only the hydrate particles whose diameter is smaller than 0.2 mm can be completely decomposed in the pipeline while the decomposition of those whose particles size is greater than 2.0 mm is negligible.Third,if the back pressure at the outlet is positive,the decomposition surface moves upward and the decomposition of hydrate slows down with the increase of the back pressure.And if the back pressure at the outlet is negative,the decomposition surface moves downward and the decomposition of hydrate speeds up with the increase of the back pressure.Fourth,the decomposition of hydrate slows down and the decomposition surface moves upward with the increase of mineral depth.However,the decomposition rate and decomposition surface are basically unchanged when the mineral depth is below 1500 m under water.Fifth,the experimental results are basically consistent with the numerical simulation results,and it is indicated that the newly established models are of high reliability.In conclusion,decomposition surface height and decomposition rate can be adjusted by controlling flow rate and outlet back pressure rationally during the cutter-suction mining of hydrates while the influences of particle diameter and mining depth on gas production need not be taken into consideration.
