The study aims to analyze the attitude toward walking to the stations of residents living within 1 km of transit stations, or they are called transit-oriented development(TOD) residents. They are highly expected to wa...The study aims to analyze the attitude toward walking to the stations of residents living within 1 km of transit stations, or they are called transit-oriented development(TOD) residents. They are highly expected to walk to transit station and use rail in their daily travel. In this research, 249 respondents are asked 10 questions on attitudes of walking to station. The analysis was conducted in two stages: factor analysis and structural equation model. As the current access mode of respondents,walkers are more likely to be low-income households.People using motorized mode are mostly from middle-to high-income, households the largest group of respondents.For walking acceptance, high-income group accepts distance and time shorter than other incomes. Low-income households can accept the longer walking distance but shorter time. Middle-income households are more likely to walk in shorter distance than lower-income households,but they tend to accept longer walking time than others.As for the analysis results, the feeling of walking among all respondents significantly influences the walking acceptance. The benefit of walking significantly influences walking acceptance only among middle-income households. The walking attitudes on convenience, safety, a sense of freedom, healthiness, and environmental friendliness highly affect respondents' acceptable walking distance and time in TODs.展开更多
Tanzania is one of the countries in Africa that has engaged in the projects for construction of the electrified Standard Gauge Railway (SGR). However, lack of integration of transportation and land-use planning threat...Tanzania is one of the countries in Africa that has engaged in the projects for construction of the electrified Standard Gauge Railway (SGR). However, lack of integration of transportation and land-use planning threatens economic sustainability of the SGR project. This study was carried out for the purpose of finding-out how transportation can be integrated with land-use planning for economic sustainability of the project. The study was carried-out by using qualitative research approach through demonstration as case study. Findings show that construction of the SGR is not integrated with land-use planning around the stations and along the SGR corridor. It is concluded that economic sustainability of the SGR projects can be achieved by integration of transport and land-use planning. As demonstrated, it is recommended to deliberate for integration of transportation and land-use planning in the SGR projects of which the prime land within Transit Stations can be efficiently used by using Transit Oriented Development and secure more land for production activities around the Transit Stations and along the SGR corridor.展开更多
The world today is facing turbulence and change,and global development is at a crossroads.At this critical juncture,President Xi Jinping put forth the Global Development Initiative(GDI)with the theme“implementing the...The world today is facing turbulence and change,and global development is at a crossroads.At this critical juncture,President Xi Jinping put forth the Global Development Initiative(GDI)with the theme“implementing the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda for more robust,greener and healthier global development”at the 76th General Assembly of the United Nations,which sheds light on the direction of global development.The GDI,proposed by China,has galvanized support from the international community as an international public goods to promote common development.Following the historical trends of human development,the GDI breaks through the limitations of the hegemonic stability theory and the free-riding curse to expand and innovate the theoretical perception of international public goods with the right approach to principles and interests.With a people-oriented approach and the basic principles of green and innovative development,the GDI both addresses urgent challenges and attaches importance to enhancing development capabilities and creating supporting conditions to offer a holistic solution to global challenges.Through the implementation of multiple pathways under international cooperation,the GDI will build a consensus on global development,increase the momentum of global development,and play an important role in creating a community with a shared future for mankind.展开更多
Public spaces in cities have long been the basis used for the expression of cultural values and social relations. Cultural and social systems have an old two-sided relation. This means that the establishment and conti...Public spaces in cities have long been the basis used for the expression of cultural values and social relations. Cultural and social systems have an old two-sided relation. This means that the establishment and continuity of social relationships strengthen the values and norms;on the other hand, culture determines the conditions and the formation of social relationships. Therefore, to create a bonding connection between people and the city, urban public spaces are the focal points which still need to be noticed more effectively by designers and managers. There are components which help the designers design more efficient urban public spaces and, as a consequence, there will be more vitality in cities. In today conditions, sustainability issues, as the solutions of having better future conditions, can considerably affect these components and give the society the opportunity of having more capable public spaces. Sum of studies in the field of sustainability and the subsequent sustainable public spaces researches mainly express three components of environment, economy and society, among which environment section is more significant than two others, so that the importance of climatic design components has been tangibly noted in public space designing. The aim of this paper is reviewing urban public spaces and sustainability notions and, as the result, reaching to some instructions for designing sustainable urban public spaces which have important impacts on these types of places. By doing this, not only the possibility of getting closer to the identity of cities, but also the necessary ground for the strong presence of sustainable urban public spaces in cities, are provided. The research method is descriptive-analytic and library research method is used for data collecting.展开更多
Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a career-orientation scale for public health nurses (PHNs) and to validate the scale. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were sent to 7170 PHNs in 10 prefectu...Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a career-orientation scale for public health nurses (PHNs) and to validate the scale. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were sent to 7170 PHNs in 10 prefectures. A retest survey was sent to 252 participants. Results: The valid responses from 2003 PHNs in the first survey were analyzed for major factors by varimax rotation. The analysis resulted in five orientation factors and 19 items being selected. The cumulative contribution ratio was 46.9%, and Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was 0.863. The exact match ratio of test-retest was 59.7% (from 47.7% to 72.1% for each item and from 12.0% to 92.0% for each participant). Conclusions: The reliability and validity of this survey were confirmed;however, further research is required to confirm the reproducibility. This scale can be used as a self-assessment tool when managers need to advise their staff on career development.展开更多
Urban landuse change is one of the main driving forces of global environmental change. It is central to the sustainable development debate. The aim of this research is to examine the effects of urban landuse and its i...Urban landuse change is one of the main driving forces of global environmental change. It is central to the sustainable development debate. The aim of this research is to examine the effects of urban landuse and its impact on selected public utility services in Akure with a view to improve strategies to protect these utilities for sustainable development. The research was conducted using remote sensing, Geographical information System and questionnaire to collect the required data for the purpose of fulfilling the objectives of this study. In this study of analyzing the urban landuse change, 2010 and 2018 IKONOS are used in a post classification comparison analysis to map the landuse changes and identify the conversion process in Akure. The landuse change statistics results obtained revealed that residential landuse has changed rapidly for the periods (2010-2018). The results also show increase in commercial landuses between the same periods. The results of the analysis reveal that the built-up area has been growing rapidly for the periods (2010-2018). Findings show that, housing provision (residential), business purpose (commercial) and educational (institution) are the major causes of land use change in the study areas. To reduce the effect of land use expansion in the study areas, policy measures were recommended which include regulating the growth and spread of development, regional development programs. In our opinion, the information provided by these technologies could help city planners and policy makers to attain and sustain future urban development.展开更多
Due to the difficult segmentation of land destiny, popularity destiny, industry destiny on the platform of common interests demand, the regional governance of production and living for the needs of the people in cross...Due to the difficult segmentation of land destiny, popularity destiny, industry destiny on the platform of common interests demand, the regional governance of production and living for the needs of the people in cross-regional areas, such as in the aspects of security, education, assignment and management of water resources, transportation, energy, environment protection and public health, the administrative border regional cooperation is relatively easy. These aspects are equivalent to public products. Just because of this, it leads to problems that nobody will not control. The governments, in order to realize regional economic coordinated development and to eliminate the regional interests parties of administrative regions economy in microcosmic, were adapting various self-protection measures, even including that "you may have your policy but I have my countermeasures" that is derived from inter-regional economic relations. The action of market segmentation has limited the flow of various economic development elements, especially the condition of "dead end highway", resource exploitation and use, difficult social security work in social living of the administrative boundary zone. This paper studies the typical economical district of Wuling mountain area in the obvious strategic position at the junction of Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei provinces from the angle of regional public management and public choice to present issue awareness and academic purpose.展开更多
This article reviews the history of the Hungarian public road network in the thirty years that has passed since the change of the political and economic regime up to the present from the aspect of financing. In the co...This article reviews the history of the Hungarian public road network in the thirty years that has passed since the change of the political and economic regime up to the present from the aspect of financing. In the context of the neighboring countries that today are also members of the European Union, this writing outlines the growth-public finance course that this country, formerly belonging to the Soviet type planned economy mechanism, followed during the past nearly three decades after breaking away from that system. It provides insight into the specific public finance positions determined by the macroeconomic course since 1990 and the opportunities offered by this course for infrastructural developments. In connection with the above, the article outlines the main characteristic features of the social expectations, the financing solutions that could be linked to the various governmental concepts regarding road matters, focusing primarily on motorway development. It shall touch upon the respective starting points and life cycles of those concepts and the role of the EU supports in the developing of the domestic public road system. In light of expenditures, it is illustrating the development by some servicing indicators.展开更多
The pandemic highlighted significant gaps in the public health infrastructure impacted by shortages of public health workers, an undertrained workforce, and years of disinvestment. These gaps required innovative probl...The pandemic highlighted significant gaps in the public health infrastructure impacted by shortages of public health workers, an undertrained workforce, and years of disinvestment. These gaps required innovative problem-solving by public health agencies (PHAs), including local health departments (LHDs), to respond to rapidly changing community conditions during and after the pandemic. Many schools and programs of public health (SPPH) worked with PHAs to mobilize public health (PH) students through practice-based teaching (PBT). Current research indicates PBT benefits all stakeholders—PHAs, students, faculty, SPPH, and ultimately the community served. However, more research is needed on the utility of PBT in addressing a community’s systemic public health issues, the extent to which the academic-community collaboration enhances a PHA’s capacity, and the impact of the pedagogy on preparing the workforce for an evolving PH landscape. This paper examines the process of a semester-long PBT course, guided by the PBT STEPS framework, which includes five steps from collaboration to implementation to evaluation of a PBT course. The collaborating PHA and its student group addressed community trauma and resilience issues during the semester. Additionally, it examines the longer-term impacts after the semester for the PHA, community, and the workforce by 1) conducting a formative evaluation to understand needs and gaps in the community;2) redesigning an intervention that merged the results of the formative evaluation with the intervention developed during the semester;and 3) securing funding and resources for intervention sustainability. Through the documentation of a post-course partnership between an LHD and faculty at a large school of public health, this case study illustrates the potential for PBT to lay the foundation for ongoing research that supports more impactful interventions for PHAs while bolstering the workforce abilities of students as future practitioners.展开更多
In response to the critical need to balance fiscal expenditure governance with sustainable development,this study identifies the optimal level of fiscal expenditure decentralization that enhances sustainable outcomes....In response to the critical need to balance fiscal expenditure governance with sustainable development,this study identifies the optimal level of fiscal expenditure decentralization that enhances sustainable outcomes.The study aims to determine the optimal expenditure decentralization that maximizes sustainable development outcomes across these dimensions.Theoretically,we analyze the impact mechanism of expenditure decentralization on sustainable development and hypothesize that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between them,along with the possibility of finding an optimal level of expenditure decentralization.We test this hypothesis by measuring sustainable development in the context of a panel data set for 52 countries covering the period 1991–2016 using the National Sustainable Development Index(NSDI).We find strong support for the inverted U-shaped relationship between expenditure decentralization and sustainable development in both the short and long run.Sustainable development is the coordination of economic,social,and environmental development to balance intergenerational welfare and maximize the total welfare of all generations.Excessive and insufficient expenditure decentralization can potentially negatively affect the efficiency of public goods provision and residents’utility,thereby adversely impacting total welfare and sustainable development.The results are robust to alternative specifications and to IV estimation to correct for potential endogeneity.The expenditure decentralization level most conducive to sustainable development lies between 30.9%and 34.5%.The optimal decentralization range was determined using the Lind–Mehlum method,supporting the main findings of this study.This research thus contributes to the literature by quantifying the complex relationship between fiscal decentralization policies and sustainable development,providing a clear,actionable pathway for policymakers seeking sustainable outcomes.展开更多
Background:Hypertension is a significant public health concern and a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases worldwide.Urbanization has contributed to an increased prevalence of hypertension by introducing lifestyle-...Background:Hypertension is a significant public health concern and a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases worldwide.Urbanization has contributed to an increased prevalence of hypertension by introducing lifestyle-related risk factors such as physical inactivity,unhealthy dietary patterns,and stress.Region-specific tools for assessing hypertension risk factors are essential for designing effective public health interventions.Objectives:This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the risk factors for hypertension in the urban population of Mysuru and identify the prevalence of key modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 participants aged 18-60 years in urban Mysuru.A 40-item questionnaire was developed based on literature review and expert input.It included domains such as sociodemographic factors,lifestyle habits,and clinical history.Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha,while construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis.Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis.Results:The questionnaire demonstrated high internal consistency(Cronbach’s alpha>0.7)and satisfactory construct validity.Key findings included a high prevalence of low physical activity(60%),high salt intake(50%),and overweight individuals(30%).In addition,40%of participants reported a family history of hypertension,and 18%had prediabetes.These findings emphasize the role of modifiable risk factors in the rising hypertension burden in urban settings.Conclusion:The developed and validated questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for assessing hypertension risk factors in urban populations.展开更多
Affecting about 241.4 million people worldwide,Schistosoma(S.)mansoni,the main etiological agent of intestinal schistosomiasis,is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world remaining a public health issue,especia...Affecting about 241.4 million people worldwide,Schistosoma(S.)mansoni,the main etiological agent of intestinal schistosomiasis,is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world remaining a public health issue,especially in developing countries in South America,Africa and the Caribbean.In Brazil,more than 30 million people are at risk of infection,and nearly 1.5 million are infected by S.mansoni[1].Although the implemented control measures proved to be efficient and contributed to a decrease in morbidity and mortality associated with S.mansoni infections,they led to a new epidemiological scenario characterized by low-intensity infections and areas with low prevalence,presenting a new challenge towards the elimination and control of schistosomiasis[2].展开更多
You may not expect that the talk shows that frequently dominate the charts today originated from coffee shops in England in the 18th century.The coffee shop was a breeding place for early public discussions,where peop...You may not expect that the talk shows that frequently dominate the charts today originated from coffee shops in England in the 18th century.The coffee shop was a breeding place for early public discussions,where people engaged in free debates on political and social issues.展开更多
Public art may promote the image and inner culture of the city, build and accumulate the gentle pulse of history and the cultural atmosphere, make public environment serve the people better, meet modern demand more to...Public art may promote the image and inner culture of the city, build and accumulate the gentle pulse of history and the cultural atmosphere, make public environment serve the people better, meet modern demand more to whom spirit enjoy. How are the whole development, cultural inside information, living standard of a city, can be embodied through the state of development of observing its public art at first, public art and development of the city complement each other.展开更多
Brucellosis is a global public health issue that severely affects human health,Brucella melitensis is currently the predominant species in China.Brucella spondylitis is the primary cause of the debilitating and disabl...Brucellosis is a global public health issue that severely affects human health,Brucella melitensis is currently the predominant species in China.Brucella spondylitis is the primary cause of the debilitating and disabling complications[1].The lumbar vertebra was the most commonly affected site,followed by the thoracic,cervical,thoracolumbar,and lumbosacral segments,and back pain,fever,sweating,and fatigue were the most common symptoms[2].However,the diagnosis of Brucella spondylitis is challenging owing to its wide spectrum of clinical presentations,cross-reactions with other bacteria,and low strain isolation rate.Therefore,a timely and accurate diagnosis of spinal brucellosis is crucial for implementing an effective therapeutic plan and improving treatment outcomes.Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(ddPCR)is widely used for low-abundance nucleic acid detection and is useful for diagnosing infectious diseases[3].Therefore,this study aimed to evaluate the ddPCR approach for the diagnosis of brucellosis with spondylitis to improve its clinical diagnostic capacity.展开更多
As a modern communication software, Wechat is favored by many young people due to its fast spreading, large influence and numerous customers. In the process, the establishment of meteorological Wechat public platform ...As a modern communication software, Wechat is favored by many young people due to its fast spreading, large influence and numerous customers. In the process, the establishment of meteorological Wechat public platform could play the effects of disaster prevention and mitigation and improving service capacity without changing the advantages of Wechat. In view of this, by analyzing Wetchat and its public platform, main functions of meteorological Wechat public platform are expounded, and development prospects of the public platform are cleared from multiple perspectives.展开更多
Taking Sichuan Province as an example,by using the overall evaluation function of Sichuan's rural public service equalization development level and rural socio-economic development level,we conduct profound analys...Taking Sichuan Province as an example,by using the overall evaluation function of Sichuan's rural public service equalization development level and rural socio-economic development level,we conduct profound analysis on coordination between public service in Sichuan's rural areas and socio-economic development from 2003 to 2008.The results show that the coordination between rural public service and socio-economic development in Sichuan Province is not high,and the equalization phenomenon of rural public service construction and socio-economic development is very prominent.The equalization development of public service in rural areas of Sichuan Province from 2003 to 2008 lags behind socio-economic development.The coordination between public service equalization system in rural areas of Sichuan Province and socio-economic development system abates continuously;the coordination between infrastructure and socio-economic development increases slowly;the coordination between education and socio-economic development declines sharply;the coordination between public culture and socio-economic development tends to decrease;the coordination between ecological environment construction and socio-economic development decreases continuously with great amplitude;the coordination between public health and socio-economic development decreases continuously;the coordination between science and technology and socio-economic development lingers at low level;the coordination between social security and employment,and socio-economic development increases in fluctuation,but with small amplitude.展开更多
"Social event driving" has become a way to promote urban development, create urban public spaces and create a city image. As one of the important big cities in northeastern China, Harbin enjoys the reputatio..."Social event driving" has become a way to promote urban development, create urban public spaces and create a city image. As one of the important big cities in northeastern China, Harbin enjoys the reputation of "The Music City", and its public space development is inextricably linked with the driving of music culture. This paper started with the analysis of the correlation between the development of urban public spaces and the development of music culture in Harbin, and studied the influence and driving role of music culture on the construction and development of urban public spaces.展开更多
September 2017 Contents Preface Ensuring People’s Right to Health Based on China’s Conditions Continuous Improvement of Health Environment and Conditions Public Health Service Capability Improving Steadily Great Imp...September 2017 Contents Preface Ensuring People’s Right to Health Based on China’s Conditions Continuous Improvement of Health Environment and Conditions Public Health Service Capability Improving Steadily Great Improvement in the Quality of Medical and Health Services Improvement of the National Medical Security System展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, which granted a scholarship for the author’s study in the Transport and Planning Group, Saitama University
文摘The study aims to analyze the attitude toward walking to the stations of residents living within 1 km of transit stations, or they are called transit-oriented development(TOD) residents. They are highly expected to walk to transit station and use rail in their daily travel. In this research, 249 respondents are asked 10 questions on attitudes of walking to station. The analysis was conducted in two stages: factor analysis and structural equation model. As the current access mode of respondents,walkers are more likely to be low-income households.People using motorized mode are mostly from middle-to high-income, households the largest group of respondents.For walking acceptance, high-income group accepts distance and time shorter than other incomes. Low-income households can accept the longer walking distance but shorter time. Middle-income households are more likely to walk in shorter distance than lower-income households,but they tend to accept longer walking time than others.As for the analysis results, the feeling of walking among all respondents significantly influences the walking acceptance. The benefit of walking significantly influences walking acceptance only among middle-income households. The walking attitudes on convenience, safety, a sense of freedom, healthiness, and environmental friendliness highly affect respondents' acceptable walking distance and time in TODs.
文摘Tanzania is one of the countries in Africa that has engaged in the projects for construction of the electrified Standard Gauge Railway (SGR). However, lack of integration of transportation and land-use planning threatens economic sustainability of the SGR project. This study was carried out for the purpose of finding-out how transportation can be integrated with land-use planning for economic sustainability of the project. The study was carried-out by using qualitative research approach through demonstration as case study. Findings show that construction of the SGR is not integrated with land-use planning around the stations and along the SGR corridor. It is concluded that economic sustainability of the SGR projects can be achieved by integration of transport and land-use planning. As demonstrated, it is recommended to deliberate for integration of transportation and land-use planning in the SGR projects of which the prime land within Transit Stations can be efficiently used by using Transit Oriented Development and secure more land for production activities around the Transit Stations and along the SGR corridor.
文摘The world today is facing turbulence and change,and global development is at a crossroads.At this critical juncture,President Xi Jinping put forth the Global Development Initiative(GDI)with the theme“implementing the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda for more robust,greener and healthier global development”at the 76th General Assembly of the United Nations,which sheds light on the direction of global development.The GDI,proposed by China,has galvanized support from the international community as an international public goods to promote common development.Following the historical trends of human development,the GDI breaks through the limitations of the hegemonic stability theory and the free-riding curse to expand and innovate the theoretical perception of international public goods with the right approach to principles and interests.With a people-oriented approach and the basic principles of green and innovative development,the GDI both addresses urgent challenges and attaches importance to enhancing development capabilities and creating supporting conditions to offer a holistic solution to global challenges.Through the implementation of multiple pathways under international cooperation,the GDI will build a consensus on global development,increase the momentum of global development,and play an important role in creating a community with a shared future for mankind.
文摘Public spaces in cities have long been the basis used for the expression of cultural values and social relations. Cultural and social systems have an old two-sided relation. This means that the establishment and continuity of social relationships strengthen the values and norms;on the other hand, culture determines the conditions and the formation of social relationships. Therefore, to create a bonding connection between people and the city, urban public spaces are the focal points which still need to be noticed more effectively by designers and managers. There are components which help the designers design more efficient urban public spaces and, as a consequence, there will be more vitality in cities. In today conditions, sustainability issues, as the solutions of having better future conditions, can considerably affect these components and give the society the opportunity of having more capable public spaces. Sum of studies in the field of sustainability and the subsequent sustainable public spaces researches mainly express three components of environment, economy and society, among which environment section is more significant than two others, so that the importance of climatic design components has been tangibly noted in public space designing. The aim of this paper is reviewing urban public spaces and sustainability notions and, as the result, reaching to some instructions for designing sustainable urban public spaces which have important impacts on these types of places. By doing this, not only the possibility of getting closer to the identity of cities, but also the necessary ground for the strong presence of sustainable urban public spaces in cities, are provided. The research method is descriptive-analytic and library research method is used for data collecting.
文摘Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a career-orientation scale for public health nurses (PHNs) and to validate the scale. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were sent to 7170 PHNs in 10 prefectures. A retest survey was sent to 252 participants. Results: The valid responses from 2003 PHNs in the first survey were analyzed for major factors by varimax rotation. The analysis resulted in five orientation factors and 19 items being selected. The cumulative contribution ratio was 46.9%, and Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was 0.863. The exact match ratio of test-retest was 59.7% (from 47.7% to 72.1% for each item and from 12.0% to 92.0% for each participant). Conclusions: The reliability and validity of this survey were confirmed;however, further research is required to confirm the reproducibility. This scale can be used as a self-assessment tool when managers need to advise their staff on career development.
文摘Urban landuse change is one of the main driving forces of global environmental change. It is central to the sustainable development debate. The aim of this research is to examine the effects of urban landuse and its impact on selected public utility services in Akure with a view to improve strategies to protect these utilities for sustainable development. The research was conducted using remote sensing, Geographical information System and questionnaire to collect the required data for the purpose of fulfilling the objectives of this study. In this study of analyzing the urban landuse change, 2010 and 2018 IKONOS are used in a post classification comparison analysis to map the landuse changes and identify the conversion process in Akure. The landuse change statistics results obtained revealed that residential landuse has changed rapidly for the periods (2010-2018). The results also show increase in commercial landuses between the same periods. The results of the analysis reveal that the built-up area has been growing rapidly for the periods (2010-2018). Findings show that, housing provision (residential), business purpose (commercial) and educational (institution) are the major causes of land use change in the study areas. To reduce the effect of land use expansion in the study areas, policy measures were recommended which include regulating the growth and spread of development, regional development programs. In our opinion, the information provided by these technologies could help city planners and policy makers to attain and sustain future urban development.
基金supported by National Social Science Fund of China (Grant No.09XJY011)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Normal University (Grant No.26X2602)
文摘Due to the difficult segmentation of land destiny, popularity destiny, industry destiny on the platform of common interests demand, the regional governance of production and living for the needs of the people in cross-regional areas, such as in the aspects of security, education, assignment and management of water resources, transportation, energy, environment protection and public health, the administrative border regional cooperation is relatively easy. These aspects are equivalent to public products. Just because of this, it leads to problems that nobody will not control. The governments, in order to realize regional economic coordinated development and to eliminate the regional interests parties of administrative regions economy in microcosmic, were adapting various self-protection measures, even including that "you may have your policy but I have my countermeasures" that is derived from inter-regional economic relations. The action of market segmentation has limited the flow of various economic development elements, especially the condition of "dead end highway", resource exploitation and use, difficult social security work in social living of the administrative boundary zone. This paper studies the typical economical district of Wuling mountain area in the obvious strategic position at the junction of Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei provinces from the angle of regional public management and public choice to present issue awareness and academic purpose.
文摘This article reviews the history of the Hungarian public road network in the thirty years that has passed since the change of the political and economic regime up to the present from the aspect of financing. In the context of the neighboring countries that today are also members of the European Union, this writing outlines the growth-public finance course that this country, formerly belonging to the Soviet type planned economy mechanism, followed during the past nearly three decades after breaking away from that system. It provides insight into the specific public finance positions determined by the macroeconomic course since 1990 and the opportunities offered by this course for infrastructural developments. In connection with the above, the article outlines the main characteristic features of the social expectations, the financing solutions that could be linked to the various governmental concepts regarding road matters, focusing primarily on motorway development. It shall touch upon the respective starting points and life cycles of those concepts and the role of the EU supports in the developing of the domestic public road system. In light of expenditures, it is illustrating the development by some servicing indicators.
文摘The pandemic highlighted significant gaps in the public health infrastructure impacted by shortages of public health workers, an undertrained workforce, and years of disinvestment. These gaps required innovative problem-solving by public health agencies (PHAs), including local health departments (LHDs), to respond to rapidly changing community conditions during and after the pandemic. Many schools and programs of public health (SPPH) worked with PHAs to mobilize public health (PH) students through practice-based teaching (PBT). Current research indicates PBT benefits all stakeholders—PHAs, students, faculty, SPPH, and ultimately the community served. However, more research is needed on the utility of PBT in addressing a community’s systemic public health issues, the extent to which the academic-community collaboration enhances a PHA’s capacity, and the impact of the pedagogy on preparing the workforce for an evolving PH landscape. This paper examines the process of a semester-long PBT course, guided by the PBT STEPS framework, which includes five steps from collaboration to implementation to evaluation of a PBT course. The collaborating PHA and its student group addressed community trauma and resilience issues during the semester. Additionally, it examines the longer-term impacts after the semester for the PHA, community, and the workforce by 1) conducting a formative evaluation to understand needs and gaps in the community;2) redesigning an intervention that merged the results of the formative evaluation with the intervention developed during the semester;and 3) securing funding and resources for intervention sustainability. Through the documentation of a post-course partnership between an LHD and faculty at a large school of public health, this case study illustrates the potential for PBT to lay the foundation for ongoing research that supports more impactful interventions for PHAs while bolstering the workforce abilities of students as future practitioners.
基金supported by Zhejiang Province Philosophy and Social Science Planning Fund(24NDQN090YB)Hangzhou City Philosophy and Social Science Planning Fund(Z23JC041)the Major program project of the National Social Science Fund of China(No:19ZDA055).
文摘In response to the critical need to balance fiscal expenditure governance with sustainable development,this study identifies the optimal level of fiscal expenditure decentralization that enhances sustainable outcomes.The study aims to determine the optimal expenditure decentralization that maximizes sustainable development outcomes across these dimensions.Theoretically,we analyze the impact mechanism of expenditure decentralization on sustainable development and hypothesize that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between them,along with the possibility of finding an optimal level of expenditure decentralization.We test this hypothesis by measuring sustainable development in the context of a panel data set for 52 countries covering the period 1991–2016 using the National Sustainable Development Index(NSDI).We find strong support for the inverted U-shaped relationship between expenditure decentralization and sustainable development in both the short and long run.Sustainable development is the coordination of economic,social,and environmental development to balance intergenerational welfare and maximize the total welfare of all generations.Excessive and insufficient expenditure decentralization can potentially negatively affect the efficiency of public goods provision and residents’utility,thereby adversely impacting total welfare and sustainable development.The results are robust to alternative specifications and to IV estimation to correct for potential endogeneity.The expenditure decentralization level most conducive to sustainable development lies between 30.9%and 34.5%.The optimal decentralization range was determined using the Lind–Mehlum method,supporting the main findings of this study.This research thus contributes to the literature by quantifying the complex relationship between fiscal decentralization policies and sustainable development,providing a clear,actionable pathway for policymakers seeking sustainable outcomes.
文摘Background:Hypertension is a significant public health concern and a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases worldwide.Urbanization has contributed to an increased prevalence of hypertension by introducing lifestyle-related risk factors such as physical inactivity,unhealthy dietary patterns,and stress.Region-specific tools for assessing hypertension risk factors are essential for designing effective public health interventions.Objectives:This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the risk factors for hypertension in the urban population of Mysuru and identify the prevalence of key modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 participants aged 18-60 years in urban Mysuru.A 40-item questionnaire was developed based on literature review and expert input.It included domains such as sociodemographic factors,lifestyle habits,and clinical history.Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha,while construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis.Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis.Results:The questionnaire demonstrated high internal consistency(Cronbach’s alpha>0.7)and satisfactory construct validity.Key findings included a high prevalence of low physical activity(60%),high salt intake(50%),and overweight individuals(30%).In addition,40%of participants reported a family history of hypertension,and 18%had prediabetes.These findings emphasize the role of modifiable risk factors in the rising hypertension burden in urban settings.Conclusion:The developed and validated questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for assessing hypertension risk factors in urban populations.
基金financed by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq)-Universal Number 18/2021:405731/2021-3.
文摘Affecting about 241.4 million people worldwide,Schistosoma(S.)mansoni,the main etiological agent of intestinal schistosomiasis,is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world remaining a public health issue,especially in developing countries in South America,Africa and the Caribbean.In Brazil,more than 30 million people are at risk of infection,and nearly 1.5 million are infected by S.mansoni[1].Although the implemented control measures proved to be efficient and contributed to a decrease in morbidity and mortality associated with S.mansoni infections,they led to a new epidemiological scenario characterized by low-intensity infections and areas with low prevalence,presenting a new challenge towards the elimination and control of schistosomiasis[2].
文摘You may not expect that the talk shows that frequently dominate the charts today originated from coffee shops in England in the 18th century.The coffee shop was a breeding place for early public discussions,where people engaged in free debates on political and social issues.
文摘Public art may promote the image and inner culture of the city, build and accumulate the gentle pulse of history and the cultural atmosphere, make public environment serve the people better, meet modern demand more to whom spirit enjoy. How are the whole development, cultural inside information, living standard of a city, can be embodied through the state of development of observing its public art at first, public art and development of the city complement each other.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Projects of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Grant no.2022BEG03161)。
文摘Brucellosis is a global public health issue that severely affects human health,Brucella melitensis is currently the predominant species in China.Brucella spondylitis is the primary cause of the debilitating and disabling complications[1].The lumbar vertebra was the most commonly affected site,followed by the thoracic,cervical,thoracolumbar,and lumbosacral segments,and back pain,fever,sweating,and fatigue were the most common symptoms[2].However,the diagnosis of Brucella spondylitis is challenging owing to its wide spectrum of clinical presentations,cross-reactions with other bacteria,and low strain isolation rate.Therefore,a timely and accurate diagnosis of spinal brucellosis is crucial for implementing an effective therapeutic plan and improving treatment outcomes.Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(ddPCR)is widely used for low-abundance nucleic acid detection and is useful for diagnosing infectious diseases[3].Therefore,this study aimed to evaluate the ddPCR approach for the diagnosis of brucellosis with spondylitis to improve its clinical diagnostic capacity.
文摘As a modern communication software, Wechat is favored by many young people due to its fast spreading, large influence and numerous customers. In the process, the establishment of meteorological Wechat public platform could play the effects of disaster prevention and mitigation and improving service capacity without changing the advantages of Wechat. In view of this, by analyzing Wetchat and its public platform, main functions of meteorological Wechat public platform are expounded, and development prospects of the public platform are cleared from multiple perspectives.
文摘Taking Sichuan Province as an example,by using the overall evaluation function of Sichuan's rural public service equalization development level and rural socio-economic development level,we conduct profound analysis on coordination between public service in Sichuan's rural areas and socio-economic development from 2003 to 2008.The results show that the coordination between rural public service and socio-economic development in Sichuan Province is not high,and the equalization phenomenon of rural public service construction and socio-economic development is very prominent.The equalization development of public service in rural areas of Sichuan Province from 2003 to 2008 lags behind socio-economic development.The coordination between public service equalization system in rural areas of Sichuan Province and socio-economic development system abates continuously;the coordination between infrastructure and socio-economic development increases slowly;the coordination between education and socio-economic development declines sharply;the coordination between public culture and socio-economic development tends to decrease;the coordination between ecological environment construction and socio-economic development decreases continuously with great amplitude;the coordination between public health and socio-economic development decreases continuously;the coordination between science and technology and socio-economic development lingers at low level;the coordination between social security and employment,and socio-economic development increases in fluctuation,but with small amplitude.
基金Sponsored by Science and Technology Plans of Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China,and Opening Projects of Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture(UDC2017030712)2018 Beijing Municipal University Academic Human Resources Development-Youth Talent Support Program(PXM2018_014212_000043)North China University of Technology "YuYou" Talent Training Program
文摘"Social event driving" has become a way to promote urban development, create urban public spaces and create a city image. As one of the important big cities in northeastern China, Harbin enjoys the reputation of "The Music City", and its public space development is inextricably linked with the driving of music culture. This paper started with the analysis of the correlation between the development of urban public spaces and the development of music culture in Harbin, and studied the influence and driving role of music culture on the construction and development of urban public spaces.
文摘September 2017 Contents Preface Ensuring People’s Right to Health Based on China’s Conditions Continuous Improvement of Health Environment and Conditions Public Health Service Capability Improving Steadily Great Improvement in the Quality of Medical and Health Services Improvement of the National Medical Security System
