A supersonic turbulent flowfield involving the pseudo-shock waves in an isolator of a supersonic combustion ramjet is computed using two different LES codes which are a high-order upwind finite volume scheme, and a si...A supersonic turbulent flowfield involving the pseudo-shock waves in an isolator of a supersonic combustion ramjet is computed using two different LES codes which are a high-order upwind finite volume scheme, and a sixth order compact differencing scheme utilizing the localized artificial diffusivity method for stabilizing shock waves and employing a wall model to enable the use of coarse mesh. In the validation study where a supersonic turbulent boundary layer flow over a flat plate is examined, both LES codes are well validated using velocity profile in the boundary layer given by the hot-wire anemometry and normal stress given by the laser Doppler anemometry. In particular, the sixth order compact differencing scheme gives closer agreements with these experimental data. Then, the validated LES codes are applied to solve the Mach number 2.5 supersonic turbulent flowfield involving the pseudo-shock waves. It is shown that typical features of unsteady flowfield of the pseudo-shock waves are well obtained by both schemes. Again, it is indicated that the sixth order compact differencing scheme gives closer agreements with the existing velocity data obtained by particle image velocimetry and pressure fluctuation data on the wall surface. Besides, the computational cost of the compact differencing scheme is found to be 1/7 of that for the upwind finite volume scheme, even though a wall model is solved at each grid point on the wall surface. Therefore, the obtained results in the present study allow recommending the sixth order compact differencing scheme with a wall model for simulating supersonic turbulent flowfield in an isolator involving the pseudo-shock waves.展开更多
Effective temperature level of stream, namely stream pseudo temperature, is determined by its actual temperature and heat transfer temperature difference contribution value. Heat transfer temperature difference con-tr...Effective temperature level of stream, namely stream pseudo temperature, is determined by its actual temperature and heat transfer temperature difference contribution value. Heat transfer temperature difference con-tribution value of a stream depends on its heat transfer film coefficient, cost per unit heat transfer area, actual tem-perature, and so on. In the determination of the suitable heat transfer temperature difference contribution values of the stream, the total annual cost of multistream heat exchanger network (MSHEN) is regarded as an objective func-tion, and genetic/simulated annealing algorithm (GA/SA) is adopted for optimizing the heat transfer temperature difference contribution values of the stream. The stream pseudo temperatures are subsequently obtained. On the ba-sis of stream pseudo temperature, optimized MSHEN can be attained by the temperature-enthalpy (T-H) diagram method. This approach is characterized with fewer decision variables and higher feasibility of solutions. The calcu-lation efficiency of GA/SA can be remarkably enhanced by this approach and more probability is shown in search-ing the global optimum solution. Hence this approach is presented for solving industrial-sized MSHEN which is difficult to deal by traditional algorithm. Moreover, in the optimization of stream heat transfer temperature differ-ence contribution values, the effects of the stream temperature, the heat transfer film coefficient, and the construc-tion material of heat exchangers are considered, therefore this approach can be used to optimize and design heat exchanger network (HEN) with unequal heat transfer film coefficients and different of construction materials. The performance of the proposed approach has been demonstrated with three examples and the obtained solutions are compared with those available in literatures. The results show that the large-scale MSHEN synthesis problems can be solved to obtain good solutions with the modest computational effort.展开更多
The hi-energy bands in the dispersion image are usually interpreted as the true dispersion phase velocities.However,the multiple dispersion modes of Rayleigh wave in layered media stack in space,producing the effectiv...The hi-energy bands in the dispersion image are usually interpreted as the true dispersion phase velocities.However,the multiple dispersion modes of Rayleigh wave in layered media stack in space,producing the effective dispersion curve and the pseudo multimode dispersion curves in disper-sion image.The effective dispersion curve has the maximum energy with lower phase velocities than pseudo dispersion phase velocities,and thus is often misunderstood as the fundamental mode.Within the tolerable misfit,the effective dispersion curve can approach the true fundamental mode.Different from the true multimode dispersion curves,the pseudo multimode dispersion curves are related to the effective dispersion curve.A numerical model is adapted to simulate the true dispersion curves,effec-tive dispersion curve,and pseudo multimode dispersion curves.Their differences and mutual relations are demonstrated.展开更多
Propagation properties of spatially pseudo-partially coherent Gaussian Schell-model beams through the atmo- spheric turbulence over a long-distance uplink path are studied by numerical simulation. A linear coordinatio...Propagation properties of spatially pseudo-partially coherent Gaussian Schell-model beams through the atmo- spheric turbulence over a long-distance uplink path are studied by numerical simulation. A linear coordination trans- formation is introduced to overcome the window effect and the loss-of-resolution problem. The beam spreading, beam wandering, and intensity scintillation as functions of turbulence strength, source correlation length, and change fre- quency of random phase that models the partial coherence of the source are analyzed. It is found that the beam spreading and the intensity scintillation of the partially coherent beam are less affected by the turbulence than those of the coherent one, but it suffers from a more severe diffractive effect, and the change frequency of random phase has no evident influence on it. The beam wandering is insensitive to the variation of source correlation length, and decreases firstly then goes to a fixed value as the change frequency increases.展开更多
提出一种新型预应力钢筋混凝土叠合剪力墙,通过在预制板内布置水平预应力钢筋,降低板厚,方便运输和吊装。对剪跨比为1.5的现浇剪力墙和预应力叠合剪力墙进行了低周往复加载试验,对比分析了其破坏模式、承载力、延性和耗能能力,结果表明...提出一种新型预应力钢筋混凝土叠合剪力墙,通过在预制板内布置水平预应力钢筋,降低板厚,方便运输和吊装。对剪跨比为1.5的现浇剪力墙和预应力叠合剪力墙进行了低周往复加载试验,对比分析了其破坏模式、承载力、延性和耗能能力,结果表明叠合剪力墙与现浇剪力墙的抗震性能一致。采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立了剪力墙的非线性数值分析模型,基于试验结果验证了模型的正确性,并进行了轴压比、剪跨比、初始预应力等参数分析。结果表明,高轴压比及小剪跨比下叠合剪力墙的承载力及延性优于现浇剪力墙。随着初始预应力的增大,承载力提高,试件由剪切破坏转换为弯曲破坏。水平预应力筋延缓了叠合剪力墙斜向裂缝的发展,提高了抗剪承载力,改变了剪力墙的破坏模式,建议张拉控制应力取值为0.50 f ptk。展开更多
文摘A supersonic turbulent flowfield involving the pseudo-shock waves in an isolator of a supersonic combustion ramjet is computed using two different LES codes which are a high-order upwind finite volume scheme, and a sixth order compact differencing scheme utilizing the localized artificial diffusivity method for stabilizing shock waves and employing a wall model to enable the use of coarse mesh. In the validation study where a supersonic turbulent boundary layer flow over a flat plate is examined, both LES codes are well validated using velocity profile in the boundary layer given by the hot-wire anemometry and normal stress given by the laser Doppler anemometry. In particular, the sixth order compact differencing scheme gives closer agreements with these experimental data. Then, the validated LES codes are applied to solve the Mach number 2.5 supersonic turbulent flowfield involving the pseudo-shock waves. It is shown that typical features of unsteady flowfield of the pseudo-shock waves are well obtained by both schemes. Again, it is indicated that the sixth order compact differencing scheme gives closer agreements with the existing velocity data obtained by particle image velocimetry and pressure fluctuation data on the wall surface. Besides, the computational cost of the compact differencing scheme is found to be 1/7 of that for the upwind finite volume scheme, even though a wall model is solved at each grid point on the wall surface. Therefore, the obtained results in the present study allow recommending the sixth order compact differencing scheme with a wall model for simulating supersonic turbulent flowfield in an isolator involving the pseudo-shock waves.
基金Acknowledgment： The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China #60675006 and the National Key Technology R＆D Program during the l lth Five-Year Plan Period #2006BAI03A09.
基金Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG No.RO 294/9).
文摘Effective temperature level of stream, namely stream pseudo temperature, is determined by its actual temperature and heat transfer temperature difference contribution value. Heat transfer temperature difference con-tribution value of a stream depends on its heat transfer film coefficient, cost per unit heat transfer area, actual tem-perature, and so on. In the determination of the suitable heat transfer temperature difference contribution values of the stream, the total annual cost of multistream heat exchanger network (MSHEN) is regarded as an objective func-tion, and genetic/simulated annealing algorithm (GA/SA) is adopted for optimizing the heat transfer temperature difference contribution values of the stream. The stream pseudo temperatures are subsequently obtained. On the ba-sis of stream pseudo temperature, optimized MSHEN can be attained by the temperature-enthalpy (T-H) diagram method. This approach is characterized with fewer decision variables and higher feasibility of solutions. The calcu-lation efficiency of GA/SA can be remarkably enhanced by this approach and more probability is shown in search-ing the global optimum solution. Hence this approach is presented for solving industrial-sized MSHEN which is difficult to deal by traditional algorithm. Moreover, in the optimization of stream heat transfer temperature differ-ence contribution values, the effects of the stream temperature, the heat transfer film coefficient, and the construc-tion material of heat exchangers are considered, therefore this approach can be used to optimize and design heat exchanger network (HEN) with unequal heat transfer film coefficients and different of construction materials. The performance of the proposed approach has been demonstrated with three examples and the obtained solutions are compared with those available in literatures. The results show that the large-scale MSHEN synthesis problems can be solved to obtain good solutions with the modest computational effort.
基金supported by the "973-Project" (No. 2007CB714405)LIESMARS Special Research Funding,"985-Project" (No. 904273151)The Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education,China (No. 2008-02-08)
文摘The hi-energy bands in the dispersion image are usually interpreted as the true dispersion phase velocities.However,the multiple dispersion modes of Rayleigh wave in layered media stack in space,producing the effective dispersion curve and the pseudo multimode dispersion curves in disper-sion image.The effective dispersion curve has the maximum energy with lower phase velocities than pseudo dispersion phase velocities,and thus is often misunderstood as the fundamental mode.Within the tolerable misfit,the effective dispersion curve can approach the true fundamental mode.Different from the true multimode dispersion curves,the pseudo multimode dispersion curves are related to the effective dispersion curve.A numerical model is adapted to simulate the true dispersion curves,effec-tive dispersion curve,and pseudo multimode dispersion curves.Their differences and mutual relations are demonstrated.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61107066 and 40805006)
文摘Propagation properties of spatially pseudo-partially coherent Gaussian Schell-model beams through the atmo- spheric turbulence over a long-distance uplink path are studied by numerical simulation. A linear coordination trans- formation is introduced to overcome the window effect and the loss-of-resolution problem. The beam spreading, beam wandering, and intensity scintillation as functions of turbulence strength, source correlation length, and change fre- quency of random phase that models the partial coherence of the source are analyzed. It is found that the beam spreading and the intensity scintillation of the partially coherent beam are less affected by the turbulence than those of the coherent one, but it suffers from a more severe diffractive effect, and the change frequency of random phase has no evident influence on it. The beam wandering is insensitive to the variation of source correlation length, and decreases firstly then goes to a fixed value as the change frequency increases.
文摘提出一种新型预应力钢筋混凝土叠合剪力墙,通过在预制板内布置水平预应力钢筋,降低板厚,方便运输和吊装。对剪跨比为1.5的现浇剪力墙和预应力叠合剪力墙进行了低周往复加载试验,对比分析了其破坏模式、承载力、延性和耗能能力,结果表明叠合剪力墙与现浇剪力墙的抗震性能一致。采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立了剪力墙的非线性数值分析模型,基于试验结果验证了模型的正确性,并进行了轴压比、剪跨比、初始预应力等参数分析。结果表明,高轴压比及小剪跨比下叠合剪力墙的承载力及延性优于现浇剪力墙。随着初始预应力的增大,承载力提高,试件由剪切破坏转换为弯曲破坏。水平预应力筋延缓了叠合剪力墙斜向裂缝的发展,提高了抗剪承载力,改变了剪力墙的破坏模式,建议张拉控制应力取值为0.50 f ptk。
