Dear Editor,Dichogamy is a temporal reproductive strategy in which male and female reproductive organs mature at different times,preventing self-fertilization and promoting outcrossing to maintain genetic diversity an...Dear Editor,Dichogamy is a temporal reproductive strategy in which male and female reproductive organs mature at different times,preventing self-fertilization and promoting outcrossing to maintain genetic diversity and support evolutionary adaptation(Goodwillie et al.,2005;Lee et al.,2018).Dichogamous species have evolved diverse and complex mating strategies,one of which involves the temporal separation of male and female reproductive phases within a single flower.Dichogamy has two main subtypes:protandry(PA)and protogyny(PG).In the context of a bisexual flower,PA occurs when the stamen matures and releases pollen before the stigma becomes receptive.PG is the reverse process,in which the pistil becomes receptive before the anther releases pollen.These phenomena,which were historically referred to as male-female and female-male sequences,have now been renamed PA and PG,respectively(Li et al.,2002;Li et al.,2001a;Li et al.,2001b).A number of Zingiberaceae species exhibit PA and PG morphs in bisexual flowers through stylar behavior(flexistyly)during flowering to encourage outcrossing.展开更多
The effect of both male and female age was investigated on certain reproductive attributes, viz. mating incidence, mating duration, fecundity, percent egg viability, ratio of reproductive and non-reproductive periods ...The effect of both male and female age was investigated on certain reproductive attributes, viz. mating incidence, mating duration, fecundity, percent egg viability, ratio of reproductive and non-reproductive periods and reproductive rate, of an aphidophagous ladybird, Cheilomenes sexmaculata （Fabricius）. Females started mating at the age of 8 hours post-emergence （PE） and males at the age of 2 days PE. Mating in the laboratory was a maledominated phenomenon. The mating duration and reproductive rate of 10-day-old females when mated with males of varying ages increased up to the male age of 60 days, and thereafter decreased, whereas, fecundity, egg viability and ratio of reproductive and non-reproductive periods increased up to the male age of 50 days, and thereafter declined. However, when females of varying ages were mated with 10-day-old males, fecundity and reproductive rate increased up to 40 days of female age, respectively, then decreased. The ratio of reproductive and non-reproductive periods increased with increasing age of females. Mating age for optimal reproductive output was 10-50-day-old males and NE to 40-day-old females. Reproductive cessation in males was recorded after 50 days PE, whereas in females at the age of 40 days PE. Higher mating durations lead to elevated reproductive rates. Delay in the reproductive phase was positively correlated with longevity. The results of this study may aid mass multiplication of this ladybird by identifying and promoting usage of adults of optimal age, Our results also enhance our understanding of the effect of age on reproductive attributes in ladybirds.展开更多
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2023E002)the YEFICRC project of Yunnan provincial key programs(2019ZG009)the National Science and Technology Resource Sharing Service Platform Project(NTPGRC2023-01).
文摘Dear Editor,Dichogamy is a temporal reproductive strategy in which male and female reproductive organs mature at different times,preventing self-fertilization and promoting outcrossing to maintain genetic diversity and support evolutionary adaptation(Goodwillie et al.,2005;Lee et al.,2018).Dichogamous species have evolved diverse and complex mating strategies,one of which involves the temporal separation of male and female reproductive phases within a single flower.Dichogamy has two main subtypes:protandry(PA)and protogyny(PG).In the context of a bisexual flower,PA occurs when the stamen matures and releases pollen before the stigma becomes receptive.PG is the reverse process,in which the pistil becomes receptive before the anther releases pollen.These phenomena,which were historically referred to as male-female and female-male sequences,have now been renamed PA and PG,respectively(Li et al.,2002;Li et al.,2001a;Li et al.,2001b).A number of Zingiberaceae species exhibit PA and PG morphs in bisexual flowers through stylar behavior(flexistyly)during flowering to encourage outcrossing.
文摘The effect of both male and female age was investigated on certain reproductive attributes, viz. mating incidence, mating duration, fecundity, percent egg viability, ratio of reproductive and non-reproductive periods and reproductive rate, of an aphidophagous ladybird, Cheilomenes sexmaculata （Fabricius）. Females started mating at the age of 8 hours post-emergence （PE） and males at the age of 2 days PE. Mating in the laboratory was a maledominated phenomenon. The mating duration and reproductive rate of 10-day-old females when mated with males of varying ages increased up to the male age of 60 days, and thereafter decreased, whereas, fecundity, egg viability and ratio of reproductive and non-reproductive periods increased up to the male age of 50 days, and thereafter declined. However, when females of varying ages were mated with 10-day-old males, fecundity and reproductive rate increased up to 40 days of female age, respectively, then decreased. The ratio of reproductive and non-reproductive periods increased with increasing age of females. Mating age for optimal reproductive output was 10-50-day-old males and NE to 40-day-old females. Reproductive cessation in males was recorded after 50 days PE, whereas in females at the age of 40 days PE. Higher mating durations lead to elevated reproductive rates. Delay in the reproductive phase was positively correlated with longevity. The results of this study may aid mass multiplication of this ladybird by identifying and promoting usage of adults of optimal age, Our results also enhance our understanding of the effect of age on reproductive attributes in ladybirds.
