The accurate characterization of thermoelectric properties at low temperatures is crucial for the development of high-performance thermoelectric cooling devices. While measurement errors of thermoelectric properties a...The accurate characterization of thermoelectric properties at low temperatures is crucial for the development of high-performance thermoelectric cooling devices. While measurement errors of thermoelectric properties at temperatures above room temperature have been extensively discussed, there is a lack of standard measurement protocols and error analyses for low-temperature transport properties. In this study, we present a measurement system capable of characterizing all three key thermoelectric parameters, i.e., Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity, for a single sample across a temperature range of 10 K to 300 K. We investigated six representative commercial Bi_(2)Te_(3)-based samples(three N-type and three P-type). Using an error propagation model, we systematically analyzed the measurement uncertainties of the three intrinsic parameters and the resulting thermoelectric figure of merit. Our findings reveal that measurement uncertainties for both N-type and P-type Bi_(2)Te_(3)-based materials can be effectively maintained below 5% in the temperature range of 40 K to 300 K. However, the uncertainties increase to over 10% at lower temperatures, primarily due to the relatively smaller values of electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficients in this regime. This work establishes foundational data for Bi_(2)Te_(3)-based thermoelectric materials and provides a framework for broader investigations of advanced low-temperature thermoelectrics.展开更多
随着广播行业对安全播出、智能化和融合媒体需求的不断提升,传统音频工程协会标准3(Audio Engineering Society Standard 3,AES3)、多通道音频数字接口(Multi-channel Audio Digital Interface,MADI)传输架构已难以满足要求。对此,采用...随着广播行业对安全播出、智能化和融合媒体需求的不断提升,传统音频工程协会标准3(Audio Engineering Society Standard 3,AES3)、多通道音频数字接口(Multi-channel Audio Digital Interface,MADI)传输架构已难以满足要求。对此,采用基于网际互连协议的音频(Audio over Internet Protocol,AoIP)传输技术构建传输架构,采用双平面冗余设计方案打造智能广播总控系统。通过搭建冗余AoIP网络、智能化信号路由与监测系统,实现高精度精确时间协议(Precision Time Protocol,PTP)时钟同步,并引入人工智能(Artificial Intelligence,AI)驱动的故障预测算法,有效实现全广播信号的统一管理、智能调度以及安全播出保障。展开更多
Understanding the interaction between biological structures and nanoscale technologies,dubbed the nano-bio interface,is required for successful development of safe and efficient nanomedicine products.The lack of a uni...Understanding the interaction between biological structures and nanoscale technologies,dubbed the nano-bio interface,is required for successful development of safe and efficient nanomedicine products.The lack of a universal reporting system and decentralized methodologies for nanomaterial characterization have resulted in a low degree of reliability and reproducibility in the nanomedicine literature.As such,there is a strong need to establish a characterization system to support the reproducibility of nanoscience data particularly for studies seeking clinical translation.Here,we discuss the existing key standards for addressing robust characterization of nanomaterials based on their intended use in medical devices or as pharmaceuticals.We also discuss the challenges surrounding implementation of such standard protocols and their implication for translation of nanotechnology into clinical practice.We,however,emphasize that practical implementation of standard protocols in experimental laboratories requires long-term planning through integration of stakeholders including institutions and funding agencies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52172259)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2021YFA0718700 and 2022YFB3803900)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Inner Mongolia Normal University (Grant No. 2022JBTD008)。
文摘The accurate characterization of thermoelectric properties at low temperatures is crucial for the development of high-performance thermoelectric cooling devices. While measurement errors of thermoelectric properties at temperatures above room temperature have been extensively discussed, there is a lack of standard measurement protocols and error analyses for low-temperature transport properties. In this study, we present a measurement system capable of characterizing all three key thermoelectric parameters, i.e., Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity, for a single sample across a temperature range of 10 K to 300 K. We investigated six representative commercial Bi_(2)Te_(3)-based samples(three N-type and three P-type). Using an error propagation model, we systematically analyzed the measurement uncertainties of the three intrinsic parameters and the resulting thermoelectric figure of merit. Our findings reveal that measurement uncertainties for both N-type and P-type Bi_(2)Te_(3)-based materials can be effectively maintained below 5% in the temperature range of 40 K to 300 K. However, the uncertainties increase to over 10% at lower temperatures, primarily due to the relatively smaller values of electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficients in this regime. This work establishes foundational data for Bi_(2)Te_(3)-based thermoelectric materials and provides a framework for broader investigations of advanced low-temperature thermoelectrics.
文摘随着广播行业对安全播出、智能化和融合媒体需求的不断提升,传统音频工程协会标准3(Audio Engineering Society Standard 3,AES3)、多通道音频数字接口(Multi-channel Audio Digital Interface,MADI)传输架构已难以满足要求。对此,采用基于网际互连协议的音频(Audio over Internet Protocol,AoIP)传输技术构建传输架构,采用双平面冗余设计方案打造智能广播总控系统。通过搭建冗余AoIP网络、智能化信号路由与监测系统,实现高精度精确时间协议(Precision Time Protocol,PTP)时钟同步,并引入人工智能(Artificial Intelligence,AI)驱动的故障预测算法,有效实现全广播信号的统一管理、智能调度以及安全播出保障。
基金support from the U.S. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (Grant DK131417) (MM)support of a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award at the Scientific Interface (CASI) (MPL)+11 种基金a Dreyfus foundation award (MPL)the Philomathia foundation (MPL)an NIH MIRA award R35GM128922 (MPL)an NIH R21 NIDA award 1R03DA052810 (MPL)an NSF CAREER award 2046159 (MPL)an NSF CBET award 1733575 (to MPL)a CZI imaging award (MPL)a Sloan Foundation Award (MPL)a USDA BBT EAGER award (MPL)a Moore Foundation Award (MPL)a DOE office of Science grant DE-SC0020366 (MPL)support from a Fulbright fellowship (NNM)。
文摘Understanding the interaction between biological structures and nanoscale technologies,dubbed the nano-bio interface,is required for successful development of safe and efficient nanomedicine products.The lack of a universal reporting system and decentralized methodologies for nanomaterial characterization have resulted in a low degree of reliability and reproducibility in the nanomedicine literature.As such,there is a strong need to establish a characterization system to support the reproducibility of nanoscience data particularly for studies seeking clinical translation.Here,we discuss the existing key standards for addressing robust characterization of nanomaterials based on their intended use in medical devices or as pharmaceuticals.We also discuss the challenges surrounding implementation of such standard protocols and their implication for translation of nanotechnology into clinical practice.We,however,emphasize that practical implementation of standard protocols in experimental laboratories requires long-term planning through integration of stakeholders including institutions and funding agencies.
