Based on the ESI-MS and ^(13)C-NMR analysis of the forms of glyoxal in acidic and alkaline solutions,the soy-based adhesive cross-linked by glyoxal was prepared in this work.The results showed that glyoxal existed in ...Based on the ESI-MS and ^(13)C-NMR analysis of the forms of glyoxal in acidic and alkaline solutions,the soy-based adhesive cross-linked by glyoxal was prepared in this work.The results showed that glyoxal existed in water in different forms at different pH levels.Under alkaline conditions,glyoxal transformed to glycolate through the intramolecular disproportionation reaction.Under acidic conditions,although some of glyoxal transformed to glycolate as what happened under alkaline conditions,most of glyoxal molecules existed in the form of fiveor six-membered cyclic ether structure.No ethylene tetraol or free aldehyde group was actually detected under these conditions.Although glyoxal reacted with soy protein under both acidic and alkaline conditions,alkaline conditions were more favorable for the improvement of mechanical performance and water resistance of soybased adhesives than acid conditions.展开更多
Soy protein-based composite film is a potential replacement for petroleum-based film with multipurpose applica-tions and cleaner production.It is difficult to improve both the tensile strength and toughness of a prote...Soy protein-based composite film is a potential replacement for petroleum-based film with multipurpose applica-tions and cleaner production.It is difficult to improve both the tensile strength and toughness of a protein-based film without sacrificing its elongation.In this study,inspired by the hierarchical structure of nacre,a facile yet delicate strategy was developed to fabricate a novel bio-based film with excellent toughness and high strength.Triglycidylamine(TGA)crosslinked soy protein(SPI)as hard phase and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer(TPU)as soft phase comprise an alternative lay-up hierarchical structure.The interface of these two phases is enhanced using triglycidylamine(TGA)surface-modified TPU(MTPU).The tensile strength of SPI/MTPU/TGA films increases by 392%to 7.78 MPa and their toughness increases by 391%to 8.50 MJ/m^(3) compared to soy protein/glycerol film.The proposed hierarchical structure can also be extended to other high-performance materials and polymers.展开更多
Protein baitsprays were produced from many different sources for the controlling fruit flies in the integrated pest management program around the world.Here,fruit fly baits were formulated based on cost-effective bait...Protein baitsprays were produced from many different sources for the controlling fruit flies in the integrated pest management program around the world.Here,fruit fly baits were formulated based on cost-effective bait mixtures such as local jaggery,brewers spent grain(BSG),apple cider vinegar,wheat bran powder and local red wine with the fresh enzyme from papaya and pineapple.Fruit fly Baits were prepared by mixing the small amount of local detergent as insecticide.Our results indicated that the best efficient fruit fly bait for area wide integrated pest management(AW-IPM)is the BSG-based bait whereas the second efficient bait is local red wine-based bait.The highest fruit fly per trap per day(FTD)value by BSG-based bait traps was discovered.The highest female captured percentage is BSG-based bait with papaya solution.The field analysis of one week and one month old protein-based bait showed that FTD values decreased slightly while only one month old wheat bran-based bait dropped to the base.The BSG-based baits analysis is effective not only female fruit flies but also cockroaches male in Myanmar’s tropical region.Thus our results reveal that the efficient protein-based bait is the fresh BSG-based bait with papaya solution.展开更多
The outbreak of viral infections are serious threat to human life and health.However,there remains to be a lack of effective treatments and prophylactic measures against some viral infections.Additionally,there are nu...The outbreak of viral infections are serious threat to human life and health.However,there remains to be a lack of effective treatments and prophylactic measures against some viral infections.Additionally,there are numerous challenges in developing vaccines and antiviral drugs(e.g.,antibodies and protein inhibitors),such as low immunogenicity of vaccines,difficulties in storing vaccines,instability and easy degradation of protein drugs,and lack of drug selectivity.Protein-based biomaterials can interact with antiviral drugs or vaccines to achieve synergistic or enhanced effects,making them a promising antiviral tool with many advantages.Silk fibroin has the potential to stabilize liquid vaccines at room temperature.Elastin-like polypeptide modification can improve the stability and yield of virus-neutralizing antibodies.Drugs in combination withβ-casein or serum albumin(SA)has good prospects in treating human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infections.Moreover,the greatest value of SA as a protein-based antiviral material lies in its ability to target the liver and macrophages.In the future,combination with SA(direct conjugation or encapsulation with drugs)may be a better treatment strategy for viral hepatitis and HIV infections because it leads to fewer adverse reactions.In addition,selfassembling protein nanoparticles(SApNPs)are found to improve vaccine immunogenicity.The combination of multiple viral immunogens and multiple SApNPs produces different promising vaccine candidates,thus highlighting the value of SApNPs.This review aimed to discuss the current status and future prospects for the development of protein-based biomaterials to combat viral infections.展开更多
The main raw material utilized in wood adhesives comes from petrochemical extractives.However,due to the excessive dependence on petrochemical resources and the adverse impact on the ecosystem and human wellbeing,ther...The main raw material utilized in wood adhesives comes from petrochemical extractives.However,due to the excessive dependence on petrochemical resources and the adverse impact on the ecosystem and human wellbeing,there is an increasing trend to develop byproduct protein-based adhesives in the current global food safety context.In this research,flaxseed meal was subjected to pretreatment,and trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether(TTE)and ethylenediamine(EN)were utilized as crosslinkers to establish a more compact adhesive layer and to prevent water intrusion.The pretreatment decreased the FM/UB viscosity by 60%compared to FM.The combination of CD analysis indicated that the Urea-NaOH pretreatment effectively stretched the flaxseed meal protein.According to Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD),and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)were used to analyze the resulting adhesive’s reaction mechanism and thermal response.Furthermore,the physical properties of the adhesive were characterized using wet shear strength testing and SEM observation.Remarkably,the dry bond strength increased from 0.72 to 2.12 MPa,representing a 194.4%increase.The wet bonding strength of the adhesive was improved from 0.22 to 1.21 MPa,representing a 550%increase compared to the original flaxseed protein-based adhesive,which far exceeded the minimum requirement for plywood of Type II(≥0.7 MPa,by GB/T 9846-2015).This study demonstrated an eco-friendly and sustainable method for the development of protein adhesives as viable substitutes for petrochemical resins.展开更多
Protein-based therapeutics (PPTs) are drugs used to treat a variety of different conditions in the human body by alleviating enzymatic deficiencies, augmenting other proteins and drugs, modulating signal pathways, and...Protein-based therapeutics (PPTs) are drugs used to treat a variety of different conditions in the human body by alleviating enzymatic deficiencies, augmenting other proteins and drugs, modulating signal pathways, and more. However, many PPTs struggle from a short half-life due to degradation caused by irreversible protein aggregation in the bloodstream. Currently, the most researched strategies for improving the efficiency and longevity of PPTs are post-translational modifications (PTMs). The goal of our research was to determine which type of PTM increases longevity the most for each of three commonly-used therapeutic proteins by comparing the docking scores (DS) and binding free energies (BFE) from protein aggregation and reception simulations. DS and BFE values were used to create a quantitative index that outputs a relative number from −1 to 1 to show reduced performance, no change, or increased performance. Results showed that methylation was the most beneficial for insulin (p < 0.1) and human growth hormone (p < 0.0001), and both phosphorylation and methylation were somewhat optimal for erythropoietin (p < 0.1 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Acetylation consistently provided the worst benefits with the most negative indices, while methylation had the most positive indices throughout. However, PTM efficacy varied between PPTs, supporting previous studies regarding how each PTM can confer different benefits based on the unique structures of recipient proteins.展开更多
The increasing prevalence of mpox calls for the development of safer and more accessible next-generation vaccines.Based on a structure-guided“two-in-one”immunogen design strategy,we have previously developed an inno...The increasing prevalence of mpox calls for the development of safer and more accessible next-generation vaccines.Based on a structure-guided“two-in-one”immunogen design strategy,we have previously developed an innovative protein-based monkeypox virus(MPXV)vaccine,DAM(Double A35 and M1),which addresses the issues of imbalanced bioavailability associated with cocktail vaccines and elicits superior antiviral immunity with a safety profile.In this study,we iteratively designed two“four-in-one”chimeric immunogens,DAM+s,using four MPXV antigens,M1,A29,A35,and B6.Although DAM+s elicited broader immune responses against four antigens,no additional benefit in either in vitro neutralization or in vivo protection against poxviruses was detected compared to DAM.Notably,vaccination-related tissue damage was observed in the live virus vaccine group,whereas all protein-based vaccines showed better safety and protection against lethal vaccinia virus(VACV)challenge.Together,these further demonstrate that DAM,with a minimal protein subunit of two components,is a promising immunogen to be further clinically developed.展开更多
The transdermal drug delivery system is a highly safe and well-tolerated therapeutic approach with significant potential for treating musculoskeletal disorders.However,its clinical application is limited by the low sk...The transdermal drug delivery system is a highly safe and well-tolerated therapeutic approach with significant potential for treating musculoskeletal disorders.However,its clinical application is limited by the low skin permeability of many active drugs in its formulations.To overcome this challenge,advancements in skin permeation enhancement techniques are essential.Over the past decade,natural polymers have been increasingly incorporated into various nanocarriers due to their availability,biodegradability,and biocompatibility,offering new options for the effective dispersion of suspended solids.Furthermore,surface functionalisation of the numerous functional groups found in natural polymers allows them to be transformed into targeted and stimulus-responsive materials,enabling precise drug delivery to musculoskeletal tissues.This review examines the mechanisms of action of natural polymer-based transdermal drug delivery system,covering penetration enhancers,nanoparticles,microneedles,hydrogels,and nanofibres derived from chitosan,hyaluronic acid,sodium alginate,cellulose,and proteins,and their applications in treating musculoskeletal disorders.Moreover,it outlines the current challenges and prospects of polymer-based transdermal drug delivery system for localised treatment,offering insights into current therapeutic approaches and proposing new directions for advancements in this field.展开更多
基金This work was supported by Science-technology Support Foundation of Guizhou Province of China(Nos.[2019]2325 and [2020]1Y125)the Growth Project of Young Scientific and Technological Talents in Colleges and Universities of Guizhou Province(No.[2019]184)+1 种基金Yunnan Fundamental Research Key Projects(No.2019FA012)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31870546 and 31800481).
文摘Based on the ESI-MS and ^(13)C-NMR analysis of the forms of glyoxal in acidic and alkaline solutions,the soy-based adhesive cross-linked by glyoxal was prepared in this work.The results showed that glyoxal existed in water in different forms at different pH levels.Under alkaline conditions,glyoxal transformed to glycolate through the intramolecular disproportionation reaction.Under acidic conditions,although some of glyoxal transformed to glycolate as what happened under alkaline conditions,most of glyoxal molecules existed in the form of fiveor six-membered cyclic ether structure.No ethylene tetraol or free aldehyde group was actually detected under these conditions.Although glyoxal reacted with soy protein under both acidic and alkaline conditions,alkaline conditions were more favorable for the improvement of mechanical performance and water resistance of soybased adhesives than acid conditions.
基金The authors are grateful to the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071702)Beijing Forestry University Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project(2019JQ03004).
文摘Soy protein-based composite film is a potential replacement for petroleum-based film with multipurpose applica-tions and cleaner production.It is difficult to improve both the tensile strength and toughness of a protein-based film without sacrificing its elongation.In this study,inspired by the hierarchical structure of nacre,a facile yet delicate strategy was developed to fabricate a novel bio-based film with excellent toughness and high strength.Triglycidylamine(TGA)crosslinked soy protein(SPI)as hard phase and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer(TPU)as soft phase comprise an alternative lay-up hierarchical structure.The interface of these two phases is enhanced using triglycidylamine(TGA)surface-modified TPU(MTPU).The tensile strength of SPI/MTPU/TGA films increases by 392%to 7.78 MPa and their toughness increases by 391%to 8.50 MJ/m^(3) compared to soy protein/glycerol film.The proposed hierarchical structure can also be extended to other high-performance materials and polymers.
文摘Protein baitsprays were produced from many different sources for the controlling fruit flies in the integrated pest management program around the world.Here,fruit fly baits were formulated based on cost-effective bait mixtures such as local jaggery,brewers spent grain(BSG),apple cider vinegar,wheat bran powder and local red wine with the fresh enzyme from papaya and pineapple.Fruit fly Baits were prepared by mixing the small amount of local detergent as insecticide.Our results indicated that the best efficient fruit fly bait for area wide integrated pest management(AW-IPM)is the BSG-based bait whereas the second efficient bait is local red wine-based bait.The highest fruit fly per trap per day(FTD)value by BSG-based bait traps was discovered.The highest female captured percentage is BSG-based bait with papaya solution.The field analysis of one week and one month old protein-based bait showed that FTD values decreased slightly while only one month old wheat bran-based bait dropped to the base.The BSG-based baits analysis is effective not only female fruit flies but also cockroaches male in Myanmar’s tropical region.Thus our results reveal that the efficient protein-based bait is the fresh BSG-based bait with papaya solution.
基金supporting from National Natural Science Foundation of China(82173865,32041005)Guangzhou Science and Technology Program(201904010477)funded by the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity(SKLPBS1828).
文摘The outbreak of viral infections are serious threat to human life and health.However,there remains to be a lack of effective treatments and prophylactic measures against some viral infections.Additionally,there are numerous challenges in developing vaccines and antiviral drugs(e.g.,antibodies and protein inhibitors),such as low immunogenicity of vaccines,difficulties in storing vaccines,instability and easy degradation of protein drugs,and lack of drug selectivity.Protein-based biomaterials can interact with antiviral drugs or vaccines to achieve synergistic or enhanced effects,making them a promising antiviral tool with many advantages.Silk fibroin has the potential to stabilize liquid vaccines at room temperature.Elastin-like polypeptide modification can improve the stability and yield of virus-neutralizing antibodies.Drugs in combination withβ-casein or serum albumin(SA)has good prospects in treating human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infections.Moreover,the greatest value of SA as a protein-based antiviral material lies in its ability to target the liver and macrophages.In the future,combination with SA(direct conjugation or encapsulation with drugs)may be a better treatment strategy for viral hepatitis and HIV infections because it leads to fewer adverse reactions.In addition,selfassembling protein nanoparticles(SApNPs)are found to improve vaccine immunogenicity.The combination of multiple viral immunogens and multiple SApNPs produces different promising vaccine candidates,thus highlighting the value of SApNPs.This review aimed to discuss the current status and future prospects for the development of protein-based biomaterials to combat viral infections.
文摘The main raw material utilized in wood adhesives comes from petrochemical extractives.However,due to the excessive dependence on petrochemical resources and the adverse impact on the ecosystem and human wellbeing,there is an increasing trend to develop byproduct protein-based adhesives in the current global food safety context.In this research,flaxseed meal was subjected to pretreatment,and trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether(TTE)and ethylenediamine(EN)were utilized as crosslinkers to establish a more compact adhesive layer and to prevent water intrusion.The pretreatment decreased the FM/UB viscosity by 60%compared to FM.The combination of CD analysis indicated that the Urea-NaOH pretreatment effectively stretched the flaxseed meal protein.According to Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD),and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)were used to analyze the resulting adhesive’s reaction mechanism and thermal response.Furthermore,the physical properties of the adhesive were characterized using wet shear strength testing and SEM observation.Remarkably,the dry bond strength increased from 0.72 to 2.12 MPa,representing a 194.4%increase.The wet bonding strength of the adhesive was improved from 0.22 to 1.21 MPa,representing a 550%increase compared to the original flaxseed protein-based adhesive,which far exceeded the minimum requirement for plywood of Type II(≥0.7 MPa,by GB/T 9846-2015).This study demonstrated an eco-friendly and sustainable method for the development of protein adhesives as viable substitutes for petrochemical resins.
文摘Protein-based therapeutics (PPTs) are drugs used to treat a variety of different conditions in the human body by alleviating enzymatic deficiencies, augmenting other proteins and drugs, modulating signal pathways, and more. However, many PPTs struggle from a short half-life due to degradation caused by irreversible protein aggregation in the bloodstream. Currently, the most researched strategies for improving the efficiency and longevity of PPTs are post-translational modifications (PTMs). The goal of our research was to determine which type of PTM increases longevity the most for each of three commonly-used therapeutic proteins by comparing the docking scores (DS) and binding free energies (BFE) from protein aggregation and reception simulations. DS and BFE values were used to create a quantitative index that outputs a relative number from −1 to 1 to show reduced performance, no change, or increased performance. Results showed that methylation was the most beneficial for insulin (p < 0.1) and human growth hormone (p < 0.0001), and both phosphorylation and methylation were somewhat optimal for erythropoietin (p < 0.1 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Acetylation consistently provided the worst benefits with the most negative indices, while methylation had the most positive indices throughout. However, PTM efficacy varied between PPTs, supporting previous studies regarding how each PTM can confer different benefits based on the unique structures of recipient proteins.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2025YFC2311800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270157)+1 种基金the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300787)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Peking University(7100604396).
文摘The increasing prevalence of mpox calls for the development of safer and more accessible next-generation vaccines.Based on a structure-guided“two-in-one”immunogen design strategy,we have previously developed an innovative protein-based monkeypox virus(MPXV)vaccine,DAM(Double A35 and M1),which addresses the issues of imbalanced bioavailability associated with cocktail vaccines and elicits superior antiviral immunity with a safety profile.In this study,we iteratively designed two“four-in-one”chimeric immunogens,DAM+s,using four MPXV antigens,M1,A29,A35,and B6.Although DAM+s elicited broader immune responses against four antigens,no additional benefit in either in vitro neutralization or in vivo protection against poxviruses was detected compared to DAM.Notably,vaccination-related tissue damage was observed in the live virus vaccine group,whereas all protein-based vaccines showed better safety and protection against lethal vaccinia virus(VACV)challenge.Together,these further demonstrate that DAM,with a minimal protein subunit of two components,is a promising immunogen to be further clinically developed.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272528,81802203)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2022CFB117).
文摘The transdermal drug delivery system is a highly safe and well-tolerated therapeutic approach with significant potential for treating musculoskeletal disorders.However,its clinical application is limited by the low skin permeability of many active drugs in its formulations.To overcome this challenge,advancements in skin permeation enhancement techniques are essential.Over the past decade,natural polymers have been increasingly incorporated into various nanocarriers due to their availability,biodegradability,and biocompatibility,offering new options for the effective dispersion of suspended solids.Furthermore,surface functionalisation of the numerous functional groups found in natural polymers allows them to be transformed into targeted and stimulus-responsive materials,enabling precise drug delivery to musculoskeletal tissues.This review examines the mechanisms of action of natural polymer-based transdermal drug delivery system,covering penetration enhancers,nanoparticles,microneedles,hydrogels,and nanofibres derived from chitosan,hyaluronic acid,sodium alginate,cellulose,and proteins,and their applications in treating musculoskeletal disorders.Moreover,it outlines the current challenges and prospects of polymer-based transdermal drug delivery system for localised treatment,offering insights into current therapeutic approaches and proposing new directions for advancements in this field.
