BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction(MI)occupies a very high mortality and morbidity rate,and the search for effective pharmacological treatments has far-reaching implications for clinical research.AIM To explore the prot...BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction(MI)occupies a very high mortality and morbidity rate,and the search for effective pharmacological treatments has far-reaching implications for clinical research.AIM To explore the protective effects of Mongolian medicine Agari-5 on rats with MI.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were used,and both the Agari-5 and model groups had their coronary arteries clamped to induce MI.Proteomics was used to research the potential mechanism of action while ELISA,hematoxylin and eosin,and Masson’s staining were used to preliminarily investigate the protective impact of Agari-5 on rats with MI.RESULTS The current study has shown that Agari-5 might enhance cardiac function indicators,including echocardiography results of rats and creatine kinase,creatine kinase isoenzyme,and lactate dehydrogenase,in rats that had MI.According to the results of pathological staining,Agari-5 may lessen inflammatory cell infiltration and cardiomyocyte fibrosis,among other things.The proteome analysis revealed that there were 60 distinct proteins in total,four of which were associated with the heart.The expression of PSAT1,PDK1,SMAD4,and SDF2 proteins may be linked to the mechanism of their protective effects.CONCLUSION Potential therapeutic effects of Agari-5 for MI and its mechanism of action may be related to PSAT1,PDK1,SMAD4,and SDF2.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the protective effects of Siwu Xuanhu decoction on the liver of mice with acute liver injury induced by CCl 4.[Methods]A total of 48 ICR mice were randomly assigned to six groups:a blank con...[Objectives]To investigate the protective effects of Siwu Xuanhu decoction on the liver of mice with acute liver injury induced by CCl 4.[Methods]A total of 48 ICR mice were randomly assigned to six groups:a blank control group,a model group,a low dose group of Siwu Xuanhu decoction(100 mg/kg),a medium dose group of Siwu Xuanhu decoction(200 mg/kg),a high dose group of Siwu Xuanhu decoction(300 mg/kg),and a positive control group(silymarin 2 mg/kg).Each group comprised 8 mice.Each dosing group received the designated dose of the drug(10 mL/kg)via continuous gavage,while the blank group and the model group were administered an equivalent volume of normal saline for four weeks,three times per week.An acute liver injury model was established through the intraperitoneal administration of a 20%CCl 4 olive oil solution at a dosage of 2 mL/kg in all experimental groups,with the exception of the control group,which received an equivalent volume of the olive oil solution.After 24 h fasting with water intake,blood samples were collected from the ocular region.The blood samples were allowed to stand and subsequently subjected to centrifugation to isolate the upper layer of serum,and a diagnostic kit was employed to measure the levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and interleukin-6(IL-6),and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the serum.[Results]In comparison to the control group,serum levels of AST and ALT were significantly elevated in the model group.Furthermore,when compared to the model group,treatment with Siwu Xuanhu decoction resulted in a reduction of serum levels of ALT,AST,and IL-6,while simultaneously increasing SOD activities.[Conclusions]Siwu Xuanhu decoction exhibits a protective effect against acute liver injury induced by CCl 4 in mice.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the protective effects of xanthoxylin on acute lung injury induced by D-Galactosamine(D-GalN)and Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in rats.[Methods]Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into a norma...[Objectives]To investigate the protective effects of xanthoxylin on acute lung injury induced by D-Galactosamine(D-GalN)and Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in rats.[Methods]Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group,a silybin group(50 mg/kg),and three xanthoxylin groups(low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose as 60,120,and 240 mg/kg),10 rats per group.The rats were administered for 17 consecutive days,on day 14,all the rats except for the normal group were intraperitoneally injected with a D-GalN(400 mg/kg)/LPS(30μg/kg)mixture once to establish acute lung injury models.At 72 h after modeling,their serum MCP-1 levels,IL-1β,IL-6,PCT,CRP,TNF-αlevels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,and IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αlevels in lung tissue were measured,and lung tissue histological examination were checked by HE staining.[Results]Compared with the model group,the serum MCP-1 levels,IL-1β,IL-6,PCT,CRP,TNF-αlevels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,and IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αlevels in lung tissue in xanthoxylin groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and lung tissue injury were alleviated.[Conclusions]Xanthoxylin has protective effects on acute lung injury in rats,and it may be related to the increase of anti-inflammatory capacity and the promotion of lung tissue self-healing.展开更多
Background Electroacupuncture pretreatment plays a protective role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury and microRNAs （miRNAs） could act on various facets of cardiac function. However, the role of miRNA...Background Electroacupuncture pretreatment plays a protective role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury and microRNAs （miRNAs） could act on various facets of cardiac function. However, the role of miRNAs in the cardioprotection by electroacupuncture pre-treatment on myocardial I/R injury remains unknown. The purpose of the study was to examine whether miR-214 was involved in cardio-protection by electroacupuncture. Methods Using rat myocardial I/R model, we examined the role of electroacupuncture pretreatment in myocardial I/R injury and analyzed the changes in the expression of miR-214. In addition, I/R was simulated in vitro by performing oxy-gen-glucose deprivation （OGD） on H9c2 cell cultures, and the effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment on I/R injury as well as expressional level of miR-214 were examined in vitro. Furthermore, the miR-214 mimic was transfected into OGD-treated H9c2 cells, we analyzed the cell apoptosis, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and creatine kinase （CK） activities, intracellular free Ca2＋concentration （[Ca2＋]i） as well as the relative protein levels of sodium/calcium exchanger 1（NCX1）, BCL2-like 11 （BIM）, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ（CaMKIIδ） and Cyclophilin D （CypD）. Results The in vivo results revealed that compared with the I/R group, the electroacupuncture pretreatment group showed significant decreased myocardial infarct size, as well as the increased indices of the cardiac function, including heart rate, mean arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure and maximal rate for left ventricular pressure rising and declining （±dp/dt max）. In addition, electroacupuncture pretreatment could inhibit the elevation of LDH and CK activities induced by I/R injury. The quantitative PCR （qPCR） results demonstrated electroacupuncture pretreatment could provide cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury in rats with miR-214 up-regulation. In the meanwhile, in vitro, electroacupuncture pretreatment protected H9c2 cells from OGD-induced injury. Trans-fection of miR-214 mimic showed protective effects on OGD-induced injury to H9c2 cells by reducing apoptosis, decreasing LDH and CK activities, rescuing the OGD-induced Ca2＋and down-regulating elevated protein levels of NCX1, BIM, CaMKIIδand CypD. Conclusions Our findings firstly demonstrated that electroacupuncture pretreatment promotes the expression of miR-214 in myocardial I/R injury and miR-214 contributes to the protective effect of electroacupuncture on myocardial I/R injury.展开更多
Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the world,especially in developing countries.Drug therapy is one of the main ways to treat cardiovascular diseases.Among them,great progress has b...Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the world,especially in developing countries.Drug therapy is one of the main ways to treat cardiovascular diseases.Among them,great progress has been made in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with traditional Chinese medicine.In terms of experimental research,the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases has been thoroughly discussed in vitro and in vivo.In terms of clinical treatment,traditional Chinese medicine with flavonoids,saponins and alkaloids as the main effective components has a definite effect on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as arrhythmia,myocardial ischemia,angina pectoris and myocardial infarction,with high safety and good application prospects.With the further research on the effective ingredients,mechanism and adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine,it will be beneficial to the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine,reduce side effects and promote the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.Calycosin and its derivatives,the main bioactive flavonoids in Astragalus membranaceus have multiple biological effects,such as antioxidant,pro-angiogenesis,anti-tumour,and anti-inflammatory effects.Based on the above biological effects,calycosin has been shown to have good potential for cardiovascular protection.The potent antioxidant effect of calycosin may play an important role in the cardiovascular protective potential.For injured cardiac myocytes,calycosin and its derivatives can alleviate the cell damage mainly marked by the release of myocardial enzymes and reduce the death level of cardiac myocytes mainly characterized by apoptosis through various mechanisms.For vascular endothelial cells,calycosin also has multiple effects and multiple mechanisms,such as promoting vascular endothelial cell proliferation,exerting vasodilating effect and directly affecting the synthesis function of endothelial cells.The present review will address the bioactivity of calycosin in cardiovascular diseases such as protective effects on cardiac myocytes and vascular endothelial cells and elucidate main mechanism of calycosin and its derivatives to exert the above biological effects.展开更多
BACKGROUND： The majority of studies addressing spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury （SCIRI） have focused on drugs, proteins, cytokines, and various surgical techniques. A recent study reports that human umbilica...BACKGROUND： The majority of studies addressing spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury （SCIRI） have focused on drugs, proteins, cytokines, and various surgical techniques. A recent study reports that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell （hUCMSC） transplantation achieves good therapeutic effects, but the mechanisms underlying nerve protection remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To observe survival of transplanted hUCMSCs in SCIRI rat models and the influence on motor function in the hind limbs, to determine interleukin-8 expression and cellular apoptosis in spinal cord tissues, and to verify the hypothesis that hUCMSC transplantation exhibits protective effects on SCIRI. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of the Department of Orthopedics in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China between January 2007 and December 2008. MATERIALS： hUCMSCs were harvested from umbilical cord blood of healthy pregnant women after parturition in the Obstetrical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China. Rabbit anti-human BrdU monoclonal antibody was provided by DAKO, USA. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） Kit and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） Kit were purchased by Wuhan Boster, China. METHODS： A total of 72 healthy, Wistar, adult rats were randomly assigned to three groups： sham-surgery, model, and transplantation, with 24 rats in each group. SCIRI was induced in the model and transplantation groups via the abdominal aorta block method. The infrarenal abdominal aorta was not blocked in the sham-surgery group. Prior to abdominal aorta occlusion, 0.2 03 mL bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU）-Iabeled hUCMSCs suspension （cell concentration 5 × 10 3/uL） was injected through the great saphenous vein of the hind limb, and an equal volume of physiological saline was administered to the model and sham-surgery groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Pathological observation of rat spinal cord tissues was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining at 6, 24, and 48 hours post-surgery. Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine hUCMSCs survival in the spinal cord. The amount of cellular apoptosis and interleukin-8 expression in spinal cord tissues was assayed utilizing the TUNEL and ELISA methods, respectively. Motor function in the hind limbs was evaluated according to Jacob＇s score. RESULTS： Numerous BrdU-positive cells were observed in spinal cord tissues from the transplantation group. The number of apoptotic cells and interleukin-8 levels significantly decreased in the transplantation group （P 〈 0.05）, pathological injury was significantly ameliorated, and motor function scores significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） compared with the model group. CONCLUSION： Via vein transplantation, hUCMSCs were shown to reach and survive in the injury area. Results suggested that the transplanted hUCMSCs contributed to significantly improved pathological changes in the injured spinal cord, as well as motor function, following SCIRI. The protective mechanism correlated with inhibition of cellular apoptosis and reduced production of inflammatory mediators.展开更多
Twenty-one typical coupled large samples were chosen from areas within and surrounding nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau using the large sample comparison method(LSCM).To evaluate the effectiveness of the nature ...Twenty-one typical coupled large samples were chosen from areas within and surrounding nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau using the large sample comparison method(LSCM).To evaluate the effectiveness of the nature reserves in protecting the ecological environment,the alpine grassland net primary production(NPP) of these coupled samples were compared and the differences between them before and after their establishment as protected areas were analyzed.The results showed that:(1) With respect to the alpine grassland NPP,the ecological and environmental conditions of most nature reserves were more fragile than those of the surrounding areas and also lower than the average values for the Tibetan Plateau.(2) Of the 11 typical nature reserves selected,the positive trend in the NPP for Manzetang was the most significant,whereas there was no obvious trend in Taxkorgan.With the exception of Selincuo,the annual NPP growth rate in the nature reserves covered by alpine meadow and wetland was higher than that in nature reserves consisting of alpine steppe and alpine desert.(3) There were notable findings in 21 typical coupled samples:(a) After the establishment of the nature reserves,the annual rate of increase in the NPP in 76% of samples inside nature reserves and 82% of samples inside national nature reserves was higher than that of the corresponding samples outside nature reserves.(b) The effectiveness of ecological protection of the Mid-Kunlun,Changshagongma,Zoige and Selincuo(Selin Co) nature reserves was significant; the effectiveness of protection was relatively sig-nificant in most parts of the Sanjiangyuan and Qiangtang nature reserves,whereas in south-east Manzetang and north Taxkorgan the protection effectiveness was not obvious.(c) The ecological protection effectiveness was significant in nature reserves consisting of alpine meadow,but was weak in nature reserves covered by alpine steppe.This study also shows that the advantage of large sample comparison method in evaluating regional ecology change.Careful design of the samples used,to ensure comparability between the samples,is crucial to the success of this LSCM.展开更多
This study aims to observe the protective effects of ginsenoside Rbl on liver and lung in rats with septic shock and reveal its mechanism. Rats were randomly divided into three groups： sham, cecal ligation and punctu...This study aims to observe the protective effects of ginsenoside Rbl on liver and lung in rats with septic shock and reveal its mechanism. Rats were randomly divided into three groups： sham, cecal ligation and puncture （CLP）, and CLP with ginsenoside Rb1. Then, the survival rate, arterial blood pressure, TLR4 mRNA, and TNF-α levels were determined. The liver and lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE）. The overall survival rate of the Rb1 group was significantly higher than that of the CLP group. Mean arterial blood pressure went down in both the CLP and Rb1 groups after CLP, and there was a significant difference both in the sham and Rb1 groups when compared with the CLP group. The Rb1 treatment group had markedly lower TLR4 mRNA expression and TNF-a levels than the CLP group. In the CLP group, pathology showed swelling, degeneration, necrosis, and neutrophii infiltration in the liver and alveolar epithelial cells. However, in the Rb1 group, there was mild degeneration and slight neutrophil infiltration, but no obvious necrosis. Rb1 may improve the survival rate, ameliorate arterial blood pressure, and protect the liver and lung in septic shock rats by downregulating the expression of TLR4 mRNA and inhibiting the production of TNF-α.展开更多
Radiation encephalopathy is the main complication of cranial radiotherapy. It can cause necrosis of brain tissue and cognitive dysfunction. Our previous work had proved that a natural antioxidant shikonin possessed pr...Radiation encephalopathy is the main complication of cranial radiotherapy. It can cause necrosis of brain tissue and cognitive dysfunction. Our previous work had proved that a natural antioxidant shikonin possessed protective effect on cerebral ischemic injury. Here we investigated the effects of shikonin on carbon ion beam induced radiation brain injury in mice. Pretreatment with shikonin significantly increased the SOD and CAT activities and the ratio of GSH/GSSG in mouse brain tissues compared with irradiated group （P〈0.01）, while obviously reduced the MDA and PCO contents and the RO$ levels derived from of the brain mitochondria.展开更多
This paper analyzes the control mechanism of coal and gas outbursts and proposes the concept of an effective pressure relief protection range, based on the stress relief of the underlying coal-rock mass and the develo...This paper analyzes the control mechanism of coal and gas outbursts and proposes the concept of an effective pressure relief protection range, based on the stress relief of the underlying coal-rock mass and the development of a plastic zone. Also this study developed a stress change and fracture development model of the underlying coal-rock mass. In addition, the stress and depth of fracture of any point in the floor were deduced with the application of Maple Calculation Software. The specific engineering parameters of the Pingdingshan No. 12 colliery were applied to determine the relationship between the depth of fracture in the floor and the mining height. The pressure-relief principle of the underlying coal-rock mass was analyzed while varying the mining height of the upper protective seam. The findings indicate that as the depth of fracture in the floor increases, the underlying coal-rock mass experiences a limited amount of pressure relief, and the pressure relief protection range becomes narrower.Additionally, the stress distribution evolves from a ‘‘U" shape into a ‘‘V" shape. A 2.0 m mining height of protective seam situates the outburst-prone seam, Ji_(15), within the effective pressure relief protection range. The fracture development and stress-relief ratio rises to 88%, ensuring the pressure-relief effect as well as economic benefits. The measurement data show that: after mining the upper protective seam, the gas pressure of Ji_(15) dropped from 1.78 to 0.35 MPa, demonstrating agreement between the engineering application and the theoretical calculation.展开更多
The protective effect of DDB against carcinogen-induced DNA damage was examined in the present investigation. Preincubation of rat liver nuclei with DDB (1 mmol.L-1) resulted in 60% inhibition of binding of 3H-benzo (...The protective effect of DDB against carcinogen-induced DNA damage was examined in the present investigation. Preincubation of rat liver nuclei with DDB (1 mmol.L-1) resulted in 60% inhibition of binding of 3H-benzo (a) pyrene to nuclear DNA. Unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced by aflatoxin BI (10^(-7) mol.L-1) in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes was also inhibited by DDB (10^(-6)-10^(-3)mol.L-1). Oral administration of DDB at 200 mg.kg-1 once daily for 3 d induced a significant increase of liver cytosol glutathione-S-transferase and microsomal UDPG-transferase activity in mice. These results indicate that DDB is able to directly or indirectly antagonize certain carcinogen-induced DNA damages.展开更多
Protected areas(PAs) have experienced explosive growth in Northwest China over the last three decades, but their effectiveness in representing regional ecological system diversity has not attracted considerable attent...Protected areas(PAs) have experienced explosive growth in Northwest China over the last three decades, but their effectiveness in representing regional ecological system diversity has not attracted considerable attention. Low effectiveness would exacerbate the conservation-development conflicts, particularly those that arise as a result of the Great Western Development Strategy(GWDS). Thus, an assessment of the effectiveness of the PA network has become quite important. We proposed natural vegetation communities to represent regional ecological system diversities, and proposed Global 200 Priority Ecoregions, Important Bird Areas, and ecosystem function regions to represent important conservation areas. To determine their effectiveness, we studied the extent to which ecological system diversities and important conservation areas are represented by the existing 96 PAs. Our results indicated that the total coverage of vegetation communities in PAs in Northwest China is not sufficiently comprehensive. As the PA system has expanded, the growth in the total area of the PAs has been greater than that of their vegetation community richness. While most of the important conservation areas are covered by PAs, some regions have not yet reached the 10% threshold; further, PAs are distributed unevenly and conservation gaps remain in the region. Therefore, these regions should receive more attention when planning new PAs. It is vital that more biodiversity datasets and assessment of ecosystem function regions are integrated in order to provide a basis for the government to formulate appropriate protection and development strategies.展开更多
Reactive oxygen species(ROS)-induced oxidative damage is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of chronic diseases,and natural antioxidant peptides have good abilities of scavenging ROS.The antioxidant activity of...Reactive oxygen species(ROS)-induced oxidative damage is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of chronic diseases,and natural antioxidant peptides have good abilities of scavenging ROS.The antioxidant activity of peptide Lys-Ser-Pro-Leu-Tyr(KSPLY)derived from Hericium erinaceus remains unclear.In the present study,the antioxidant effect and mechanism of KSPLY on H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells were investigated.The results indicated that KSPLY exhibited the antioxidant capacity in H_(2)O_(2)-induced HepG2 cells by enhancing superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and catalase(CAT)activities.In comparison with the H_(2)O_(2)-treated damage group,the apoptosis rate,ROS level,and malondialdehyde(MDA)content of HepG2 cells treated with KSPLY were significantly decreased.The H.erinaceus-derived peptide KSPLY pretreatment promoted the expression of detoxification and antioxidant enzymes via the Keap1/Nrf2 signal pathway,thereby inhibiting the generation of ROS and MDA.In conclusion,the H.erinaceus-derived peptide KSPLY effectively protected HepG2 cells against H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative damage,and it provided a theoretical basis for the further development of new natural antioxidants.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of quercetin on primary cultured newborn rat cortex neuron cell which is estrogen depletion,and discuss the possible mechanism,to provide new ideas and strategies for developing a d...OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of quercetin on primary cultured newborn rat cortex neuron cell which is estrogen depletion,and discuss the possible mechanism,to provide new ideas and strategies for developing a drug of neurodegenerative disease.METHODS Rat cortex neurons were isolated from one day old Sprague Dawley rats and treated with estrogen,quercetin and estrogen receptor antagonists(ICI182,780).Cell viability was determined by MTT assay,neurite outgrowth was measured by fluorescent microsope and estrogen receptors were determine by Western blot.RESULTS Quercetin functions like estrogen to increase cortex neuronal cell viability,the Que(50,100μmol·L^(-1))group compared with the control group could significantly improve the activity of the cortical neurons(P<0.05).It can also increase neurite out growth,the Que(50,100μmol·L^(-1))group significantly promoted the formation of synapse,most of the neurons were full,and the synapses of neurons became thick,growth,and connect to a dense neural network.And in the Western blot experiments,Que(50,100μmol·L^(-1))group could obviously increase the expression of estrogen receptor alpha protein,in addition,the neural protective effect of quercetin can be inhibited by ICI182,780.CONCLUSION Quercetin like estrogen can protected cortex neuronal and the effect of quercetin on cortex neuronal cells was mediated by estrogen receptor alpha.展开更多
Land desertification and aeolian activity are currently the greatest threats to alpine ecological environments and are also the primary challenges of desertification control and ecological restoration projects.Affores...Land desertification and aeolian activity are currently the greatest threats to alpine ecological environments and are also the primary challenges of desertification control and ecological restoration projects.Afforestation of sandy lands around the Qinghai Lake in China has effectively controlled the desertification of this watershed.However,certain issues remain which challenge its overall success,including lack of diverse biological species and poor theoretical understanding of aeolian processes,such as controlling wind-sand flow in relation to complex alpine ecological factors.Therefore,to help improving afforestation techniques,this research focused on Hippophae rhamnoides,Salix cheilophila,Pinus sylvestris,Populus simonii and Artemisia desertorum vegetation implanted in the mobile dunes on the eastern shore of Qinghai Lake.Aeolian transport characteristics and annual changes to community ecological factors from 2010–2016 were monitored in comparison with uncontrolled sand dunes.Based on simultaneous observations using gradient anemometers and sand samplers,it was found that the aeolian activities exhibited the following features:1)In re-vegetated lands,the logarithmic growth of wind speed was disrupted by the wind speed amplification in the middle and high layers and wind speed reduction in the low layers,while vegetation had significant wind-breaking(>37%)and sand-fixing(>85%)effects in 2016.2)Wind speeds in re-vegetated lands and mobile dunes showed a linear correlation,especially in lower layers of H.rhamnoides and S.cheilophila,while sand transport in re-vegetated land increased linearly or exponentially with increasing wind speed.3)The four artificial shrubs and forests had greater sand deposition with intensities of 280–860 t/(ha·yr),largely concentrated during winter and spring which accounted for 60%–85%of the annual cycle,while A.desertorum experienced significant root undercutting;and 4)Intensity of aeolian activity in re-vegetated lands,except for A.desertorum,was significantly negative with respect to plant growth structure,community cover,topsoil moisture,and regional precipitation.Overall,these five sand-binding species produced optimistic wind-sand protection effects for the alpine sandy lands,which relied on the plants’physical disturbance of wind-sand flow during the early stages of community development.In comparison,H.rhamnoides and S.cheilophila individually maintained stable wind-sand protection effects,while P.sylvestris and P.simonii were better in mixing with other shrubs and herbs to achieve a comprehensive ecological system for future control of aeolian activity.展开更多
Lead （Pb） is ubiquitous in the environment, and low-level Pb exposure can cause neurotoxicity and irreversible damage to children＇s cognition, learning and memory ability. Nutritional intervention is an effective m...Lead （Pb） is ubiquitous in the environment, and low-level Pb exposure can cause neurotoxicity and irreversible damage to children＇s cognition, learning and memory ability. Nutritional intervention is an effective method to prevent Pb poisoning. Mul- berry is rich in anthocyanins, possessing protective effects for nerves. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of mulberry extract （ME） against Pb-induced learning and memory deficits in mice. The results showed that the learning and memory abilities of mice, assessed using the Morris test, improved significantly after treatment with ME at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The level of Pb in the brains of mice in the three ME intervention groups decreased significantly, while NO production and anti-oxidant enzymes were significantly restored. It is suggested that ME inhibits Pb-induced neurotoxicity by reversing Pb-induced alterations in the aspect of neurotoxic effects and improving learning and memory.展开更多
Protective effects of calcium antagonists, chlorpromazine (CPZ) and nimodepine (NI-MO), on cadmium-induced toxicity were investigated. After giving CdCl2 (0. 44mg Cd/kg,ip), CPZ (5mg/kg, ip) or NIMO (8mg/kg, po) were ...Protective effects of calcium antagonists, chlorpromazine (CPZ) and nimodepine (NI-MO), on cadmium-induced toxicity were investigated. After giving CdCl2 (0. 44mg Cd/kg,ip), CPZ (5mg/kg, ip) or NIMO (8mg/kg, po) were administered every day to Sprague-Dawley (S. D. ) rats for a week. Then, urinary N- acetyl-β-D- glucosaminidase (NAG ), uri -nary cadmium and bloocl cadmium were measured. The accumulation of cadmium in the kid-ney cortex, content of renal calmodulin, hemoglobin and the ultrastructural damage of proxi-mal convoluted tubules of rats were examined three weeks after the last administration. Re-sults indicated that the calcium antagonists partly protected against toxic effects induced bycadmium in different manners. These data provide further evidence for the new hypothesisthat the cross effect of cadmium and calcium in calmodulin regulated systems may be responsi-ble for the mechanism of cadmium intoxication. 'The results suggested that the calcium antag-onists could be a new and promising approach in the therapy of heavy metaLinduced diseases展开更多
The protective effect of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) on chemically induced damages was studied in isolated suspended rat hepatocytes. The experimental results showed that DDB (200μg/106 cells) efficiently p...The protective effect of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) on chemically induced damages was studied in isolated suspended rat hepatocytes. The experimental results showed that DDB (200μg/106 cells) efficiently protected the hepatocytes against carbon tetrachloride (CC14 10 mrnol.L-1) and D-galactosamine (1 mmol.L-1) induced damages. Membranal lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA formation) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) release from the hepatocytes were markedly decreased. The damage of the cell surfaces of the hepatocytes were also reduced as seen under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Pretreatment with DDB (300 mg-kg-1) orally ameliorated the reduction of liver glycogen and blood glucose caused by ip injection of D-galactosamine (800 mg-kg-1) in mice. When normal rats were given DDB 300 mg-kg-1 once daily for 10 d, the free ribosomal protein and RNA in the liver increased significantly. These results indicate that DDB is of beneficial effects on both damaged and normal hepatocytes.展开更多
Ecosystem services have become one of the core elements of ecosystem management and evaluation. As a key area of ecosystem services and for maintaining national ecological security, ecosystem changes and implementatio...Ecosystem services have become one of the core elements of ecosystem management and evaluation. As a key area of ecosystem services and for maintaining national ecological security, ecosystem changes and implementation effect evaluation are important in national key ecological function zones, for promoting the main function zone strategy and for improving the construction of an ecological civilization. This article studies the ecological zone of a tropical rainforest region in the central mountain area of Hainan Island, China. Multi-source satellite data and ground observation statistics are analyzed with geo-statistics method and ecological assessment model. The core analysis of this paper includes ecosystem patterns, quality and services. By means of spatial and temporal scale expansion and multidimensional space-time correlation analysis, the trends and stability characteristics of ecosystem changes are analyzed, and implementation effect evaluation is discussed. The analysis shows a variety of results. The proportion of forest area inside the ecological zone was significantly higher than the average level in Hainan Island. During 1990–2013, settlement gradually increased inside the ecological zone. After implementation of the zone in 2010, human activity intensity increased, with the main land use being urban construction and land reclamation. Water conservation in the ecological function zone was higher than that outside the zone. In general, it increased slightly, but had obvious fluctuations. Soil conservation inside the zone was also better than that outside. However, it demonstrated dramatic fluctuations and relatively poor stability during 1990–2013. The human disturbance index inside the zone was significantly lower than that outside, and had a lower biodiversity threat level. Especially in 2010–2013, the increased range of the human disturbance index inside the zone was significantly less than that outside.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that β-amyloid peptide （Aβ）, a characteristic pathological product of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, results in neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS）. However, the mech...BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that β-amyloid peptide （Aβ）, a characteristic pathological product of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, results in neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS）. However, the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine against ERS in AD are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To measure expression levels of protective proteins （GRP78 and GRP94） of ER molecular partners and pro-apoptotic Caspase-12 ER membrane expression following application of traditional Chinese medicine natural cerebrolysin （NC） to treat Aβ1-40-induced ERS. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A parallel-controlled study was performed at the Institute of Integrated Western and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University between September 2006 and November 2008. MATERIALS： Sprague Dawley male rats, 6-8 weeks old, were used to harvest tibial and femoral bone marrow. Isolation and purification of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） were established from the whole bone marrow by removing non-adherent cells in primary and passage cultures. Aβ1-40 was provided by Sigma, USA. NC was provided by Shenzhen Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China. NC was predominantly composed of Renshen （Radix Ginseng）, Tianma （Rhizoma Gastrodiae）, and Yinxingye （Ginkgo Leaf） in a proportion of 1 ： 2： 2. Following conventional water extraction technology, an extract （1 ： 20） was prepared. Six adult, male, New Zealand rabbits underwent intragastric administration of NC extract （0.976 g/kg per day） for 1 month to prepare NC-positive serum, and the remaining 6 rabbits received intragastric administration of physiological saline to prepare normal blank serum. METHODS： A total of 500 nmol/L Aβ1-40 was used to establish ERS models of primary cultured MSCs. AD cell models were incubated with different doses of NC-positive serum （2.5%, 5%, and 10%）. MSCs treated with normal blank serum served as normal blank controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent immunocytochemistry were respectively used to measure mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78, GRP94, and Caspase-12 in MSCs. RESULTS： Following Aβ1-40 exposure, mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 and GRP94, as well as Caspase-12, significantly increased （P 〈 0.05）, suggesting successful establishment of ERS models. Following NC-positive serum application, mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 and GRP94 in MSCs significantly increased （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）. However, mRNA and protein expression levels of Caspase-12 significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05, or P 〈 0.01） compared with the ERS model group. These effects were dose-dependent. CONCLUSION： NC downregulated Caspase-12 expression and upregulated GRP78 and GRP94 expression in MSCs in a dose-dependent manner under the state of Aβ1-40-induced ERS.展开更多
基金Supported by XinganLeague Science and Technology Programme Project,No.MBJH2023022.
文摘BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction(MI)occupies a very high mortality and morbidity rate,and the search for effective pharmacological treatments has far-reaching implications for clinical research.AIM To explore the protective effects of Mongolian medicine Agari-5 on rats with MI.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were used,and both the Agari-5 and model groups had their coronary arteries clamped to induce MI.Proteomics was used to research the potential mechanism of action while ELISA,hematoxylin and eosin,and Masson’s staining were used to preliminarily investigate the protective impact of Agari-5 on rats with MI.RESULTS The current study has shown that Agari-5 might enhance cardiac function indicators,including echocardiography results of rats and creatine kinase,creatine kinase isoenzyme,and lactate dehydrogenase,in rats that had MI.According to the results of pathological staining,Agari-5 may lessen inflammatory cell infiltration and cardiomyocyte fibrosis,among other things.The proteome analysis revealed that there were 60 distinct proteins in total,four of which were associated with the heart.The expression of PSAT1,PDK1,SMAD4,and SDF2 proteins may be linked to the mechanism of their protective effects.CONCLUSION Potential therapeutic effects of Agari-5 for MI and its mechanism of action may be related to PSAT1,PDK1,SMAD4,and SDF2.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(S202310599089)Open Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Guangxi Universities on National Medicine in Youjiang River Basin(yykf2024-04).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the protective effects of Siwu Xuanhu decoction on the liver of mice with acute liver injury induced by CCl 4.[Methods]A total of 48 ICR mice were randomly assigned to six groups:a blank control group,a model group,a low dose group of Siwu Xuanhu decoction(100 mg/kg),a medium dose group of Siwu Xuanhu decoction(200 mg/kg),a high dose group of Siwu Xuanhu decoction(300 mg/kg),and a positive control group(silymarin 2 mg/kg).Each group comprised 8 mice.Each dosing group received the designated dose of the drug(10 mL/kg)via continuous gavage,while the blank group and the model group were administered an equivalent volume of normal saline for four weeks,three times per week.An acute liver injury model was established through the intraperitoneal administration of a 20%CCl 4 olive oil solution at a dosage of 2 mL/kg in all experimental groups,with the exception of the control group,which received an equivalent volume of the olive oil solution.After 24 h fasting with water intake,blood samples were collected from the ocular region.The blood samples were allowed to stand and subsequently subjected to centrifugation to isolate the upper layer of serum,and a diagnostic kit was employed to measure the levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and interleukin-6(IL-6),and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the serum.[Results]In comparison to the control group,serum levels of AST and ALT were significantly elevated in the model group.Furthermore,when compared to the model group,treatment with Siwu Xuanhu decoction resulted in a reduction of serum levels of ALT,AST,and IL-6,while simultaneously increasing SOD activities.[Conclusions]Siwu Xuanhu decoction exhibits a protective effect against acute liver injury induced by CCl 4 in mice.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Start-up Fund for Introduced PhD.Talents of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,2023(2023BS024)Basic Research Ability Enhancement Project for Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Guangxi Universities(2022KY0286)+2 种基金Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(Guike AB21196016)Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project(Guike AD21238031)Guangxi Key Discipline of Zhuang Medicine in Chinese Medicine(GZXK-Z-20-64).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the protective effects of xanthoxylin on acute lung injury induced by D-Galactosamine(D-GalN)and Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in rats.[Methods]Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group,a silybin group(50 mg/kg),and three xanthoxylin groups(low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose as 60,120,and 240 mg/kg),10 rats per group.The rats were administered for 17 consecutive days,on day 14,all the rats except for the normal group were intraperitoneally injected with a D-GalN(400 mg/kg)/LPS(30μg/kg)mixture once to establish acute lung injury models.At 72 h after modeling,their serum MCP-1 levels,IL-1β,IL-6,PCT,CRP,TNF-αlevels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,and IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αlevels in lung tissue were measured,and lung tissue histological examination were checked by HE staining.[Results]Compared with the model group,the serum MCP-1 levels,IL-1β,IL-6,PCT,CRP,TNF-αlevels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,and IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αlevels in lung tissue in xanthoxylin groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and lung tissue injury were alleviated.[Conclusions]Xanthoxylin has protective effects on acute lung injury in rats,and it may be related to the increase of anti-inflammatory capacity and the promotion of lung tissue self-healing.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the Hainan Provincial Nature Science Foundation
文摘Background Electroacupuncture pretreatment plays a protective role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury and microRNAs （miRNAs） could act on various facets of cardiac function. However, the role of miRNAs in the cardioprotection by electroacupuncture pre-treatment on myocardial I/R injury remains unknown. The purpose of the study was to examine whether miR-214 was involved in cardio-protection by electroacupuncture. Methods Using rat myocardial I/R model, we examined the role of electroacupuncture pretreatment in myocardial I/R injury and analyzed the changes in the expression of miR-214. In addition, I/R was simulated in vitro by performing oxy-gen-glucose deprivation （OGD） on H9c2 cell cultures, and the effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment on I/R injury as well as expressional level of miR-214 were examined in vitro. Furthermore, the miR-214 mimic was transfected into OGD-treated H9c2 cells, we analyzed the cell apoptosis, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and creatine kinase （CK） activities, intracellular free Ca2＋concentration （[Ca2＋]i） as well as the relative protein levels of sodium/calcium exchanger 1（NCX1）, BCL2-like 11 （BIM）, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ（CaMKIIδ） and Cyclophilin D （CypD）. Results The in vivo results revealed that compared with the I/R group, the electroacupuncture pretreatment group showed significant decreased myocardial infarct size, as well as the increased indices of the cardiac function, including heart rate, mean arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure and maximal rate for left ventricular pressure rising and declining （±dp/dt max）. In addition, electroacupuncture pretreatment could inhibit the elevation of LDH and CK activities induced by I/R injury. The quantitative PCR （qPCR） results demonstrated electroacupuncture pretreatment could provide cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury in rats with miR-214 up-regulation. In the meanwhile, in vitro, electroacupuncture pretreatment protected H9c2 cells from OGD-induced injury. Trans-fection of miR-214 mimic showed protective effects on OGD-induced injury to H9c2 cells by reducing apoptosis, decreasing LDH and CK activities, rescuing the OGD-induced Ca2＋and down-regulating elevated protein levels of NCX1, BIM, CaMKIIδand CypD. Conclusions Our findings firstly demonstrated that electroacupuncture pretreatment promotes the expression of miR-214 in myocardial I/R injury and miR-214 contributes to the protective effect of electroacupuncture on myocardial I/R injury.
文摘Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the world,especially in developing countries.Drug therapy is one of the main ways to treat cardiovascular diseases.Among them,great progress has been made in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with traditional Chinese medicine.In terms of experimental research,the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases has been thoroughly discussed in vitro and in vivo.In terms of clinical treatment,traditional Chinese medicine with flavonoids,saponins and alkaloids as the main effective components has a definite effect on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as arrhythmia,myocardial ischemia,angina pectoris and myocardial infarction,with high safety and good application prospects.With the further research on the effective ingredients,mechanism and adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine,it will be beneficial to the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine,reduce side effects and promote the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.Calycosin and its derivatives,the main bioactive flavonoids in Astragalus membranaceus have multiple biological effects,such as antioxidant,pro-angiogenesis,anti-tumour,and anti-inflammatory effects.Based on the above biological effects,calycosin has been shown to have good potential for cardiovascular protection.The potent antioxidant effect of calycosin may play an important role in the cardiovascular protective potential.For injured cardiac myocytes,calycosin and its derivatives can alleviate the cell damage mainly marked by the release of myocardial enzymes and reduce the death level of cardiac myocytes mainly characterized by apoptosis through various mechanisms.For vascular endothelial cells,calycosin also has multiple effects and multiple mechanisms,such as promoting vascular endothelial cell proliferation,exerting vasodilating effect and directly affecting the synthesis function of endothelial cells.The present review will address the bioactivity of calycosin in cardiovascular diseases such as protective effects on cardiac myocytes and vascular endothelial cells and elucidate main mechanism of calycosin and its derivatives to exert the above biological effects.
文摘BACKGROUND： The majority of studies addressing spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury （SCIRI） have focused on drugs, proteins, cytokines, and various surgical techniques. A recent study reports that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell （hUCMSC） transplantation achieves good therapeutic effects, but the mechanisms underlying nerve protection remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To observe survival of transplanted hUCMSCs in SCIRI rat models and the influence on motor function in the hind limbs, to determine interleukin-8 expression and cellular apoptosis in spinal cord tissues, and to verify the hypothesis that hUCMSC transplantation exhibits protective effects on SCIRI. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of the Department of Orthopedics in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China between January 2007 and December 2008. MATERIALS： hUCMSCs were harvested from umbilical cord blood of healthy pregnant women after parturition in the Obstetrical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China. Rabbit anti-human BrdU monoclonal antibody was provided by DAKO, USA. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） Kit and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） Kit were purchased by Wuhan Boster, China. METHODS： A total of 72 healthy, Wistar, adult rats were randomly assigned to three groups： sham-surgery, model, and transplantation, with 24 rats in each group. SCIRI was induced in the model and transplantation groups via the abdominal aorta block method. The infrarenal abdominal aorta was not blocked in the sham-surgery group. Prior to abdominal aorta occlusion, 0.2 03 mL bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU）-Iabeled hUCMSCs suspension （cell concentration 5 × 10 3/uL） was injected through the great saphenous vein of the hind limb, and an equal volume of physiological saline was administered to the model and sham-surgery groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Pathological observation of rat spinal cord tissues was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining at 6, 24, and 48 hours post-surgery. Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine hUCMSCs survival in the spinal cord. The amount of cellular apoptosis and interleukin-8 expression in spinal cord tissues was assayed utilizing the TUNEL and ELISA methods, respectively. Motor function in the hind limbs was evaluated according to Jacob＇s score. RESULTS： Numerous BrdU-positive cells were observed in spinal cord tissues from the transplantation group. The number of apoptotic cells and interleukin-8 levels significantly decreased in the transplantation group （P 〈 0.05）, pathological injury was significantly ameliorated, and motor function scores significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） compared with the model group. CONCLUSION： Via vein transplantation, hUCMSCs were shown to reach and survive in the injury area. Results suggested that the transplanted hUCMSCs contributed to significantly improved pathological changes in the injured spinal cord, as well as motor function, following SCIRI. The protective mechanism correlated with inhibition of cellular apoptosis and reduced production of inflammatory mediators.
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDB03030500National Key Technology Research and Development Program,No.2013BAC04B02+1 种基金Key Foundation Project of Basic Work of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No.2012FY111400National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41171080,No.41201095
文摘Twenty-one typical coupled large samples were chosen from areas within and surrounding nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau using the large sample comparison method(LSCM).To evaluate the effectiveness of the nature reserves in protecting the ecological environment,the alpine grassland net primary production(NPP) of these coupled samples were compared and the differences between them before and after their establishment as protected areas were analyzed.The results showed that:(1) With respect to the alpine grassland NPP,the ecological and environmental conditions of most nature reserves were more fragile than those of the surrounding areas and also lower than the average values for the Tibetan Plateau.(2) Of the 11 typical nature reserves selected,the positive trend in the NPP for Manzetang was the most significant,whereas there was no obvious trend in Taxkorgan.With the exception of Selincuo,the annual NPP growth rate in the nature reserves covered by alpine meadow and wetland was higher than that in nature reserves consisting of alpine steppe and alpine desert.(3) There were notable findings in 21 typical coupled samples:(a) After the establishment of the nature reserves,the annual rate of increase in the NPP in 76% of samples inside nature reserves and 82% of samples inside national nature reserves was higher than that of the corresponding samples outside nature reserves.(b) The effectiveness of ecological protection of the Mid-Kunlun,Changshagongma,Zoige and Selincuo(Selin Co) nature reserves was significant; the effectiveness of protection was relatively sig-nificant in most parts of the Sanjiangyuan and Qiangtang nature reserves,whereas in south-east Manzetang and north Taxkorgan the protection effectiveness was not obvious.(c) The ecological protection effectiveness was significant in nature reserves consisting of alpine meadow,but was weak in nature reserves covered by alpine steppe.This study also shows that the advantage of large sample comparison method in evaluating regional ecology change.Careful design of the samples used,to ensure comparability between the samples,is crucial to the success of this LSCM.
基金supported by the Major Invite Tender Project of Health Department of Jiangxi Province(No.20104005)the Major Project of the Department of Education of Jiangxi Province(No.GJJ12003)the 13th’Challenge Cup’of Extracurricular academic and scientific works of Nanchang University
文摘This study aims to observe the protective effects of ginsenoside Rbl on liver and lung in rats with septic shock and reveal its mechanism. Rats were randomly divided into three groups： sham, cecal ligation and puncture （CLP）, and CLP with ginsenoside Rb1. Then, the survival rate, arterial blood pressure, TLR4 mRNA, and TNF-α levels were determined. The liver and lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE）. The overall survival rate of the Rb1 group was significantly higher than that of the CLP group. Mean arterial blood pressure went down in both the CLP and Rb1 groups after CLP, and there was a significant difference both in the sham and Rb1 groups when compared with the CLP group. The Rb1 treatment group had markedly lower TLR4 mRNA expression and TNF-a levels than the CLP group. In the CLP group, pathology showed swelling, degeneration, necrosis, and neutrophii infiltration in the liver and alveolar epithelial cells. However, in the Rb1 group, there was mild degeneration and slight neutrophil infiltration, but no obvious necrosis. Rb1 may improve the survival rate, ameliorate arterial blood pressure, and protect the liver and lung in septic shock rats by downregulating the expression of TLR4 mRNA and inhibiting the production of TNF-α.
基金supported by Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1432248)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11175222,11305226)
文摘Radiation encephalopathy is the main complication of cranial radiotherapy. It can cause necrosis of brain tissue and cognitive dysfunction. Our previous work had proved that a natural antioxidant shikonin possessed protective effect on cerebral ischemic injury. Here we investigated the effects of shikonin on carbon ion beam induced radiation brain injury in mice. Pretreatment with shikonin significantly increased the SOD and CAT activities and the ratio of GSH/GSSG in mouse brain tissues compared with irradiated group （P〈0.01）, while obviously reduced the MDA and PCO contents and the RO$ levels derived from of the brain mitochondria.
基金supported by the Foundation for Distinguished professor of Jiangsu Provincethe Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51421003)
文摘This paper analyzes the control mechanism of coal and gas outbursts and proposes the concept of an effective pressure relief protection range, based on the stress relief of the underlying coal-rock mass and the development of a plastic zone. Also this study developed a stress change and fracture development model of the underlying coal-rock mass. In addition, the stress and depth of fracture of any point in the floor were deduced with the application of Maple Calculation Software. The specific engineering parameters of the Pingdingshan No. 12 colliery were applied to determine the relationship between the depth of fracture in the floor and the mining height. The pressure-relief principle of the underlying coal-rock mass was analyzed while varying the mining height of the upper protective seam. The findings indicate that as the depth of fracture in the floor increases, the underlying coal-rock mass experiences a limited amount of pressure relief, and the pressure relief protection range becomes narrower.Additionally, the stress distribution evolves from a ‘‘U" shape into a ‘‘V" shape. A 2.0 m mining height of protective seam situates the outburst-prone seam, Ji_(15), within the effective pressure relief protection range. The fracture development and stress-relief ratio rises to 88%, ensuring the pressure-relief effect as well as economic benefits. The measurement data show that: after mining the upper protective seam, the gas pressure of Ji_(15) dropped from 1.78 to 0.35 MPa, demonstrating agreement between the engineering application and the theoretical calculation.
文摘The protective effect of DDB against carcinogen-induced DNA damage was examined in the present investigation. Preincubation of rat liver nuclei with DDB (1 mmol.L-1) resulted in 60% inhibition of binding of 3H-benzo (a) pyrene to nuclear DNA. Unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced by aflatoxin BI (10^(-7) mol.L-1) in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes was also inhibited by DDB (10^(-6)-10^(-3)mol.L-1). Oral administration of DDB at 200 mg.kg-1 once daily for 3 d induced a significant increase of liver cytosol glutathione-S-transferase and microsomal UDPG-transferase activity in mice. These results indicate that DDB is able to directly or indirectly antagonize certain carcinogen-induced DNA damages.
基金Under the auspices of National Science&Technology Pillar Program During the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period(No.2011BAC09B08)
文摘Protected areas(PAs) have experienced explosive growth in Northwest China over the last three decades, but their effectiveness in representing regional ecological system diversity has not attracted considerable attention. Low effectiveness would exacerbate the conservation-development conflicts, particularly those that arise as a result of the Great Western Development Strategy(GWDS). Thus, an assessment of the effectiveness of the PA network has become quite important. We proposed natural vegetation communities to represent regional ecological system diversities, and proposed Global 200 Priority Ecoregions, Important Bird Areas, and ecosystem function regions to represent important conservation areas. To determine their effectiveness, we studied the extent to which ecological system diversities and important conservation areas are represented by the existing 96 PAs. Our results indicated that the total coverage of vegetation communities in PAs in Northwest China is not sufficiently comprehensive. As the PA system has expanded, the growth in the total area of the PAs has been greater than that of their vegetation community richness. While most of the important conservation areas are covered by PAs, some regions have not yet reached the 10% threshold; further, PAs are distributed unevenly and conservation gaps remain in the region. Therefore, these regions should receive more attention when planning new PAs. It is vital that more biodiversity datasets and assessment of ecosystem function regions are integrated in order to provide a basis for the government to formulate appropriate protection and development strategies.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(20KJB550016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101944)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Reactive oxygen species(ROS)-induced oxidative damage is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of chronic diseases,and natural antioxidant peptides have good abilities of scavenging ROS.The antioxidant activity of peptide Lys-Ser-Pro-Leu-Tyr(KSPLY)derived from Hericium erinaceus remains unclear.In the present study,the antioxidant effect and mechanism of KSPLY on H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells were investigated.The results indicated that KSPLY exhibited the antioxidant capacity in H_(2)O_(2)-induced HepG2 cells by enhancing superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and catalase(CAT)activities.In comparison with the H_(2)O_(2)-treated damage group,the apoptosis rate,ROS level,and malondialdehyde(MDA)content of HepG2 cells treated with KSPLY were significantly decreased.The H.erinaceus-derived peptide KSPLY pretreatment promoted the expression of detoxification and antioxidant enzymes via the Keap1/Nrf2 signal pathway,thereby inhibiting the generation of ROS and MDA.In conclusion,the H.erinaceus-derived peptide KSPLY effectively protected HepG2 cells against H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative damage,and it provided a theoretical basis for the further development of new natural antioxidants.
基金supported by Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Higher School,Hebei Education Department(ZD2015131)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(H2012405016)
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of quercetin on primary cultured newborn rat cortex neuron cell which is estrogen depletion,and discuss the possible mechanism,to provide new ideas and strategies for developing a drug of neurodegenerative disease.METHODS Rat cortex neurons were isolated from one day old Sprague Dawley rats and treated with estrogen,quercetin and estrogen receptor antagonists(ICI182,780).Cell viability was determined by MTT assay,neurite outgrowth was measured by fluorescent microsope and estrogen receptors were determine by Western blot.RESULTS Quercetin functions like estrogen to increase cortex neuronal cell viability,the Que(50,100μmol·L^(-1))group compared with the control group could significantly improve the activity of the cortical neurons(P<0.05).It can also increase neurite out growth,the Que(50,100μmol·L^(-1))group significantly promoted the formation of synapse,most of the neurons were full,and the synapses of neurons became thick,growth,and connect to a dense neural network.And in the Western blot experiments,Que(50,100μmol·L^(-1))group could obviously increase the expression of estrogen receptor alpha protein,in addition,the neural protective effect of quercetin can be inhibited by ICI182,780.CONCLUSION Quercetin like estrogen can protected cortex neuronal and the effect of quercetin on cortex neuronal cells was mediated by estrogen receptor alpha.
基金Under the auspices of the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of East China University of Technology(DHBK No.2019052)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41961017,41661001)+1 种基金Key Research&Development and Transformation Plan of Qinghai Province(No.2019-HZ-814)State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resources Ecology(No.2020-KF-06)。
文摘Land desertification and aeolian activity are currently the greatest threats to alpine ecological environments and are also the primary challenges of desertification control and ecological restoration projects.Afforestation of sandy lands around the Qinghai Lake in China has effectively controlled the desertification of this watershed.However,certain issues remain which challenge its overall success,including lack of diverse biological species and poor theoretical understanding of aeolian processes,such as controlling wind-sand flow in relation to complex alpine ecological factors.Therefore,to help improving afforestation techniques,this research focused on Hippophae rhamnoides,Salix cheilophila,Pinus sylvestris,Populus simonii and Artemisia desertorum vegetation implanted in the mobile dunes on the eastern shore of Qinghai Lake.Aeolian transport characteristics and annual changes to community ecological factors from 2010–2016 were monitored in comparison with uncontrolled sand dunes.Based on simultaneous observations using gradient anemometers and sand samplers,it was found that the aeolian activities exhibited the following features:1)In re-vegetated lands,the logarithmic growth of wind speed was disrupted by the wind speed amplification in the middle and high layers and wind speed reduction in the low layers,while vegetation had significant wind-breaking(>37%)and sand-fixing(>85%)effects in 2016.2)Wind speeds in re-vegetated lands and mobile dunes showed a linear correlation,especially in lower layers of H.rhamnoides and S.cheilophila,while sand transport in re-vegetated land increased linearly or exponentially with increasing wind speed.3)The four artificial shrubs and forests had greater sand deposition with intensities of 280–860 t/(ha·yr),largely concentrated during winter and spring which accounted for 60%–85%of the annual cycle,while A.desertorum experienced significant root undercutting;and 4)Intensity of aeolian activity in re-vegetated lands,except for A.desertorum,was significantly negative with respect to plant growth structure,community cover,topsoil moisture,and regional precipitation.Overall,these five sand-binding species produced optimistic wind-sand protection effects for the alpine sandy lands,which relied on the plants’physical disturbance of wind-sand flow during the early stages of community development.In comparison,H.rhamnoides and S.cheilophila individually maintained stable wind-sand protection effects,while P.sylvestris and P.simonii were better in mixing with other shrubs and herbs to achieve a comprehensive ecological system for future control of aeolian activity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31371733)
文摘Lead （Pb） is ubiquitous in the environment, and low-level Pb exposure can cause neurotoxicity and irreversible damage to children＇s cognition, learning and memory ability. Nutritional intervention is an effective method to prevent Pb poisoning. Mul- berry is rich in anthocyanins, possessing protective effects for nerves. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of mulberry extract （ME） against Pb-induced learning and memory deficits in mice. The results showed that the learning and memory abilities of mice, assessed using the Morris test, improved significantly after treatment with ME at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The level of Pb in the brains of mice in the three ME intervention groups decreased significantly, while NO production and anti-oxidant enzymes were significantly restored. It is suggested that ME inhibits Pb-induced neurotoxicity by reversing Pb-induced alterations in the aspect of neurotoxic effects and improving learning and memory.
文摘Protective effects of calcium antagonists, chlorpromazine (CPZ) and nimodepine (NI-MO), on cadmium-induced toxicity were investigated. After giving CdCl2 (0. 44mg Cd/kg,ip), CPZ (5mg/kg, ip) or NIMO (8mg/kg, po) were administered every day to Sprague-Dawley (S. D. ) rats for a week. Then, urinary N- acetyl-β-D- glucosaminidase (NAG ), uri -nary cadmium and bloocl cadmium were measured. The accumulation of cadmium in the kid-ney cortex, content of renal calmodulin, hemoglobin and the ultrastructural damage of proxi-mal convoluted tubules of rats were examined three weeks after the last administration. Re-sults indicated that the calcium antagonists partly protected against toxic effects induced bycadmium in different manners. These data provide further evidence for the new hypothesisthat the cross effect of cadmium and calcium in calmodulin regulated systems may be responsi-ble for the mechanism of cadmium intoxication. 'The results suggested that the calcium antag-onists could be a new and promising approach in the therapy of heavy metaLinduced diseases
文摘The protective effect of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) on chemically induced damages was studied in isolated suspended rat hepatocytes. The experimental results showed that DDB (200μg/106 cells) efficiently protected the hepatocytes against carbon tetrachloride (CC14 10 mrnol.L-1) and D-galactosamine (1 mmol.L-1) induced damages. Membranal lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA formation) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) release from the hepatocytes were markedly decreased. The damage of the cell surfaces of the hepatocytes were also reduced as seen under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Pretreatment with DDB (300 mg-kg-1) orally ameliorated the reduction of liver glycogen and blood glucose caused by ip injection of D-galactosamine (800 mg-kg-1) in mice. When normal rats were given DDB 300 mg-kg-1 once daily for 10 d, the free ribosomal protein and RNA in the liver increased significantly. These results indicate that DDB is of beneficial effects on both damaged and normal hepatocytes.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,No.2017YFC0506506,No.2016YFC0500206National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41501484
文摘Ecosystem services have become one of the core elements of ecosystem management and evaluation. As a key area of ecosystem services and for maintaining national ecological security, ecosystem changes and implementation effect evaluation are important in national key ecological function zones, for promoting the main function zone strategy and for improving the construction of an ecological civilization. This article studies the ecological zone of a tropical rainforest region in the central mountain area of Hainan Island, China. Multi-source satellite data and ground observation statistics are analyzed with geo-statistics method and ecological assessment model. The core analysis of this paper includes ecosystem patterns, quality and services. By means of spatial and temporal scale expansion and multidimensional space-time correlation analysis, the trends and stability characteristics of ecosystem changes are analyzed, and implementation effect evaluation is discussed. The analysis shows a variety of results. The proportion of forest area inside the ecological zone was significantly higher than the average level in Hainan Island. During 1990–2013, settlement gradually increased inside the ecological zone. After implementation of the zone in 2010, human activity intensity increased, with the main land use being urban construction and land reclamation. Water conservation in the ecological function zone was higher than that outside the zone. In general, it increased slightly, but had obvious fluctuations. Soil conservation inside the zone was also better than that outside. However, it demonstrated dramatic fluctuations and relatively poor stability during 1990–2013. The human disturbance index inside the zone was significantly lower than that outside, and had a lower biodiversity threat level. Especially in 2010–2013, the increased range of the human disturbance index inside the zone was significantly less than that outside.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30973779the National Special Planning Project for Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, No.02-03LP41the Key Program of Scientific Planning of Guangdong Province, No. 2006B35630007
文摘BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that β-amyloid peptide （Aβ）, a characteristic pathological product of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, results in neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS）. However, the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine against ERS in AD are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To measure expression levels of protective proteins （GRP78 and GRP94） of ER molecular partners and pro-apoptotic Caspase-12 ER membrane expression following application of traditional Chinese medicine natural cerebrolysin （NC） to treat Aβ1-40-induced ERS. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A parallel-controlled study was performed at the Institute of Integrated Western and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University between September 2006 and November 2008. MATERIALS： Sprague Dawley male rats, 6-8 weeks old, were used to harvest tibial and femoral bone marrow. Isolation and purification of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） were established from the whole bone marrow by removing non-adherent cells in primary and passage cultures. Aβ1-40 was provided by Sigma, USA. NC was provided by Shenzhen Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China. NC was predominantly composed of Renshen （Radix Ginseng）, Tianma （Rhizoma Gastrodiae）, and Yinxingye （Ginkgo Leaf） in a proportion of 1 ： 2： 2. Following conventional water extraction technology, an extract （1 ： 20） was prepared. Six adult, male, New Zealand rabbits underwent intragastric administration of NC extract （0.976 g/kg per day） for 1 month to prepare NC-positive serum, and the remaining 6 rabbits received intragastric administration of physiological saline to prepare normal blank serum. METHODS： A total of 500 nmol/L Aβ1-40 was used to establish ERS models of primary cultured MSCs. AD cell models were incubated with different doses of NC-positive serum （2.5%, 5%, and 10%）. MSCs treated with normal blank serum served as normal blank controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent immunocytochemistry were respectively used to measure mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78, GRP94, and Caspase-12 in MSCs. RESULTS： Following Aβ1-40 exposure, mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 and GRP94, as well as Caspase-12, significantly increased （P 〈 0.05）, suggesting successful establishment of ERS models. Following NC-positive serum application, mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 and GRP94 in MSCs significantly increased （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）. However, mRNA and protein expression levels of Caspase-12 significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05, or P 〈 0.01） compared with the ERS model group. These effects were dose-dependent. CONCLUSION： NC downregulated Caspase-12 expression and upregulated GRP78 and GRP94 expression in MSCs in a dose-dependent manner under the state of Aβ1-40-induced ERS.
