This review focuses on the mechanisms involved in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury and effective therapeutic treatments associated with clinical anesthesia. Although hepatocytes are the main target cells in th...This review focuses on the mechanisms involved in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury and effective therapeutic treatments associated with clinical anesthesia. Although hepatocytes are the main target cells in the whole process of I/R injury, Kupffer cells, as an initiator of harmful cascades, may play a vital role by releasing some proinflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species in the early phase of I/R injury. The subsequent activation and recruitment of neutrophils are also involved in inflammatory response and immune activation. According to the above mechanisms, a number of strategies have been put forward in some experimental and clinical studies. Most of these therapeutic treatments originated from the generation of oxygen radicals and cytokines, the infiltration of neutrophils, the impairment of microcirculation and so on. Furthermore, increasing evidence has suggested that short periods of ischemic preconditioning have protective effects against liver I/R injury. Depending on these investigations, pharmacological preconditioning and clinical anesthesia-related effective methods have been proposed. A better understanding of the present progress on experimental statistics will bring about novel therapeutic treatments for the improvement of liver surgeries and transplantation.展开更多
After reviewing the current event of China＇s entering WTO and analyzing some challenges of non-tariff barriers, this paper indicated the actual development of technical protections and what China will face, and then ...After reviewing the current event of China＇s entering WTO and analyzing some challenges of non-tariff barriers, this paper indicated the actual development of technical protections and what China will face, and then projected the approaches to solve the problems of technical protections that may affect China＇s industries.展开更多
An efficient and clean preparation of acylals from aromatic aldehydes in the presence of synthetic phosphates (flourapatite and hydroxyapatite doped with ZnCl2 and ZnBr2) and acetic anhydride was achieved easily in hi...An efficient and clean preparation of acylals from aromatic aldehydes in the presence of synthetic phosphates (flourapatite and hydroxyapatite doped with ZnCl2 and ZnBr2) and acetic anhydride was achieved easily in high yields (86% - 97%) at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. Deprotection of the resulting acylals has also been attained by using the same catalysts under microwave irradiation. This method consistently has advantage of excellent yields (82% - 96%) and a short reaction time (3 - 4 min).展开更多
To analyze the influence of _＋400 kV Q^nghai-Tibet HVDC transmission system on transmission- line protections in Qjnghai AG power system, a closed-loop simulation system was constructed by combing HyperSim system wit...To analyze the influence of _＋400 kV Q^nghai-Tibet HVDC transmission system on transmission- line protections in Qjnghai AG power system, a closed-loop simulation system was constructed by combing HyperSim system with HVDG control protection devices. Various faults on double-circuit 750 kV and multi- circuit 330 kV AC transmission lines in Qjnghai power system were simulated. The impedance characteristics and harmonic components at Qjnghai side of Qjng-Tibet DG transmission line were analyzed. The harmonic proportion in voltages and currents were studied for faults that took place at different locations near the DG system. The inflence of Qing-Tibet DG system on the directional components of protections, differential protections and distance protections of AC transmission lines was discussed and drew the conclusions that the DC sytem had little influence on differential protections, while had great inflence on directional components and distance protection. The conclusions can provide reference for studying the interaction between AC and DG systems.展开更多
With a similar threat model,conventional software mechanisms aimed at various levels of security can be categorized as intra-address space protection(IASP)including memory safety,control-flow integrity,syscall filteri...With a similar threat model,conventional software mechanisms aimed at various levels of security can be categorized as intra-address space protection(IASP)including memory safety,control-flow integrity,syscall filtering,and isolation.When enhancing security,software-only IASP methods result in an expanded trusted computing base(TCB)and can lead to performance slowdowns,making it challenging to strike a balance between security and performance.Recent studies indicate that hardware-assisted methods enhance efficiency by encapsulating hardware primitives and utilizing specialized microarchitecture designs.They also enhance security by reducing the trusted computing base’s attack surface.However,there has been limited discussion regarding the key challenges in current hardware-assisted IASP studies.This paper conducts a comprehensive survey of hardware-assisted IASP and discusses critical design issues,such as metadata management strategies,protection comprehensiveness,protection granularity,and processor complexity.Through a qualitative analysis of existing methods,this paper summarizes the research trends in hardware-assisted IASP technologies and emphasizes the importance of isolation models,access control strategies,and cross-compartment switching in future hardware-assisted IASP designs.展开更多
Topical Issues for the Future of Radiation Protection Kevin Nelson1, Renate Czarwinski2, Charles Wilson3, Bernard LeGuen4, Jing Chen5, Hildegarde Annie Vandenhove6, Shengli Niu7, Thierry Schneider8, John Damilakis9,10...Topical Issues for the Future of Radiation Protection Kevin Nelson1, Renate Czarwinski2, Charles Wilson3, Bernard LeGuen4, Jing Chen5, Hildegarde Annie Vandenhove6, Shengli Niu7, Thierry Schneider8, John Damilakis9,10 and Peter Alfred Bryant11,12(1.Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259.展开更多
Black nickel coatings have emerged as a research hotspot in materials science due to their excellent performance and broad application prospects.In this study,nickel-based black coatings were fabricated on low-carbon ...Black nickel coatings have emerged as a research hotspot in materials science due to their excellent performance and broad application prospects.In this study,nickel-based black coatings were fabricated on low-carbon steel substrates via photo-assisted electrodeposition.A systematic investigation was conducted on the effects of cerium ion concentration and nano-ceria(CeO_(2))particle content in the electrolyte on the coating properties,along with an analysis of the temporal evolution of coating’s corrosion resistance.When the cerium ion concentration in the electrolyte was 0.05 mol/L,the coating exhibited a uniform black appearance with a light absorption rate of 95%,an emissivity of 0.87,maximum impedance,and the lowest corrosion tendency,demonstrating optimal comprehensive performance.The coating prepared with a nano-ceria concentration of 6 g/L in the electrolyte exhibited an emissivity of 0.9,achieved a 5B adhesion grade(ASTM D3359-09),and demonstrated a one-order-of-magnitude reduction in corrosion current density compared to coatings fabricated without nano-ceria in the electrolyte.With prolonged storage time,the coating's impedance slightly increased,leading to improved corrosion resistance.展开更多
Evaluating Adherence to Safety Standards for Physical Space Design, Equipment, and Patient and Staff Protection in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centers:A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study Amirreza Sadeghinasab1, Jafar F...Evaluating Adherence to Safety Standards for Physical Space Design, Equipment, and Patient and Staff Protection in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centers:A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study Amirreza Sadeghinasab1, Jafar Fatahiasl2, Mahmoud Mohammadi-Sadr1, Masoud Heydari Kahkesh3, and Marziyeh Tahmasbi2(1.Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;2.Department of Radiologic Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;3.Department of Radiology and Radiotherapy, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran)Abstract:Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has revolutionized disease diagnosis and treatment.However, the technology poses safety risks, such as exposure to magnetic fields, RF pulses, and cryogens, necessitating strict adherence to safety protocols to protect patients and healthcare workers.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking rec...BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking recovery.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether early suspension-protected training with a personal assistant machine for stroke patients enhances walking ability and prevents muscle spasms.METHODS:Thirty-two early-stage stroke patients from Shenzhen University General Hospital and the China Rehabilitation Research Center were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=16)and the control group(n=16).Both groups underwent 4 weeks of gait training under the suspension protection system for 30 minutes daily,5 days a week.The experimental group used the personal assistant machine during training.Three-dimensional gait analysis(using the Cortex motion capture system),Brunnstrom staging,Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower limb motor function,Fugl-Meyer balance function,and the modified Ashworth Scale were evaluated within 1 week before the intervention and after 4 weeks of intervention.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the 4-week intervention,all outcome measures showed significant changes in each group.The experimental group had a small but significant increase in the modified Ashworth Scale score(P<0.05,d=|0.15|),while the control group had a large significant increase(P<0.05,d=|1.48|).The experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in walking speed(16.5 to 38.44 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|4.01|),step frequency(46.44 to 64.94 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|2.32|),stride length(15.50 to 29.81 cm,P<0.05,d=|3.44|),and peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.82|to|2.17|).After treatment,the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in walking speed(38.44 vs.26.63 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|2.75|),stride length,peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.31|to|1.45|),step frequency(64.94 vs.59.38 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|0.85|),and a reduced support phase(bilateral:24.31%vs.28.38%,P<0.05,d=|0.88|;non-paretic:66.19%vs.70.13%,P<0.05,d=|0.94|).For early hemiplegia,personal assistant machine-assisted gait training under the suspension protection system helps establish a correct gait pattern,prevents muscle spasms,and improves motor function.展开更多
PKU:The super fibers combine strength and toughness In impact protection applications such as ballistic armor,vehicle shielding,and aerospace,the dynamic strength and dynamic toughness of fiber materials are critical ...PKU:The super fibers combine strength and toughness In impact protection applications such as ballistic armor,vehicle shielding,and aerospace,the dynamic strength and dynamic toughness of fiber materials are critical performance indicators determining protective efficacy.However,widely used polymeric fibers still face significant challenges preventing full utilization of the material’s intrinsic strength and toughness.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the efficacy of multidimensional protective nursing interventions in reducing occupational exposure risks to hydrofluoric acid in dental departments. Methods: The study was conducted between ...Objective: To investigate the efficacy of multidimensional protective nursing interventions in reducing occupational exposure risks to hydrofluoric acid in dental departments. Methods: The study was conducted between January 2024 and January 2025, involving 60 healthcare workers who were randomly assigned to groups. The control group (n = 30) received conventional occupational protective nursing care, while the observation group underwent multidimensional protective nursing interventions. Results: Following intervention, the observation group demonstrated significantly higher scores than the control group in knowledge of hydrofluoric acid occupational exposure, occupational exposure risk perception, and protective skill operation (p < 0.05). Emergency response capability scores and protective behavior implementation scores were also higher in the observation group (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the observation group exhibited higher occupational health satisfaction rates and lower occupational exposure incidence rates (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Multidimensional protective nursing interventions effectively enhance dental healthcare personnel’s awareness and protective capabilities regarding hydrofluoric acid occupational exposure, improve compliance with protective measures, and significantly reduce occupational exposure risks. This approach warrants promotion and application in occupational protective nursing interventions within dental departments.展开更多
The neurovascular unit plays a critical role in maintaining brain structure,function,and homeostasis.Following ischemic stroke,dysfunction and dysregulation of this unit contribute to nerve-blood vessel uncoupling.Int...The neurovascular unit plays a critical role in maintaining brain structure,function,and homeostasis.Following ischemic stroke,dysfunction and dysregulation of this unit contribute to nerve-blood vessel uncoupling.Intermittent theta-burst stimulation is a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation that operates within the theta wave range and can either promote or inhibit cortical excitability.Previous studies have shown that intermittent theta wave stimulation has neuroprotective effects,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.In this study,mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion were treated with intermittent theta-burst stimulation.The results showed that intermittent theta-burst stimulation significantly improved neurological function and motor recovery,reduced apoptosis in the peri-infarct region,and activated the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.Additionally,intermittent theta-burst stimulation suppressed inflammation through the PI3K/AKT/GSK3βand NF-κB pathways.Notably,intermittent theta-burst stimulation strengthened A2 astrocyte-blood vessel coupling,and the effects of intermittent theta-burst stimulation were reversed by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002.These findings demonstrate that intermittent theta-burst stimulation promotes neurovascular unit remodeling and improves neurological outcomes by modulating microglia and astrocytes via the PI3K/AKT/GSK3βand NF-κB signaling pathways.展开更多
BACKGROUND Long-term antipsychotic therapy in psychiatric patients carries significant cardiovascular risks,including QT interval prolongation,myocardial injury,and functional impairment.Guanxinning,a traditional Chin...BACKGROUND Long-term antipsychotic therapy in psychiatric patients carries significant cardiovascular risks,including QT interval prolongation,myocardial injury,and functional impairment.Guanxinning,a traditional Chinese medicine formulation,has demonstrated cardioprotective potential in preclinical studies,but clinical evidence in this population remains limited.AIM To evaluate the cardioprotective effects of Guanxinning against antipsychotic-induced cardiac injury in long-term hospitalized psychiatric patients.METHODS A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 120 psychiatric inpatients receiving chronic antipsychotic therapy.Participants were allocated to:Intervention group:Conventional antipsychotics+Guanxinning tablets(0.38 g×4 tablets,ter in die);Control group:Conventional antipsychotics+identical placebo;Cardiac assessments at baseline and 12 months included:Electrocardiography(corrected QT interval),echocardiography(left ventricular ejection fraction,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter),serum biomarkers(cardiac troponin I,B-type natriuretic peptide,superoxide dismutase,malondialdehyde,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein).RESULTS Compared to controls,the Guanxinning group showed:Electrophysiological improvement:Corrected QT shortening(438±25 milliseconds vs 465±30 milliseconds,P<0.01).Functional enhancement:Left ventricular ejection fraction increase(58.5%±5.2%vs 53.8%±4.8%,P<0.05),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter reduction(49.8±3.5 mm vs 52.6±3.8 mm,P<0.05),Biochemical modulation:Reduced myocardial injury markers(cardiac troponin I:0.009 ng/mL vs 0.014 ng/mL;B-type natriuretic peptide:52 pg/mL vs 78 pg/mL,P<0.001),improved oxidative stress(superoxide dismutase:↑13.3 U/mL;malondialdehyde:↓0.9 nmol/mL,P<0.001),attenuated inflammation(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein:2.0 mg/L vs 3.2 mg/L,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Guanxinning significantly mitigates antipsychotic-induced cardiac injury in psychiatric patients,demonstrating:Normalization of electrophysiological parameters,Preservation of systolic/diastolic function,suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation.These findings support its clinical application as an adjunctive cardioprotective therapy,potentially through inhibition of myocardial apoptosis and antioxidant upregulation.展开更多
During drilling process,the water phase in drilling fluids infiltrates rock fractures through capillary action.The surface wettability of dolomite is governed by multiple factors,resulting in an unstable wetting state...During drilling process,the water phase in drilling fluids infiltrates rock fractures through capillary action.The surface wettability of dolomite is governed by multiple factors,resulting in an unstable wetting state.Studies have shown that altering the surface wettability of reservoir rocks to an intermediate wetting state can effectively reduce the damage of drilling fluids to oil and gas reservoirs and improve oil and gas recovery.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a reservoir protectant to prevent the water phase in the drilling fluid from intruding into the oil and gas reservoirs.Given this,a modified polysiloxane was synthesized to alter the surface wettability of dolomite.Tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane(D^(H)_(4))and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane(D_(4))were ring-opened copolymerized to obtain the hydrogencontaining polysiloxane,which in turn reacted with unsaturated hydrocarbons to obtain the modified polysiloxane.The ability of reservoir protectants to regulate the surface wettability of dolomite under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions was tested.The experimental results show that the reservoir protectant is able to alter the wettability of the dolomite surface to an intermediate wetting state by adsorption on the rock surface even after 16 h of aging at 240℃ and 15% salt concentration.展开更多
Objective Frailty is becoming increasingly common among aging adults.Frailty transitionis shaped by biological,social,psychological,and environmental factors.This study investigated combined effects of protective fact...Objective Frailty is becoming increasingly common among aging adults.Frailty transitionis shaped by biological,social,psychological,and environmental factors.This study investigated combined effects of protective factors on frailty transition by constructing a Protection Index(PI)to guide targeted interventions.Methods Data were extracted from the 4th Sample Survey of the Aged Population in Urban and Rural China,including baseline(2017)and follow-up(2019)surveys.Frailty was assessed using the Frailty Index(FI),whereas the PI measured protective factors.Frailty transitions over 2 years were analyzed prospectively.Pearson’s correlation examined the relationship between FI and PI,and logistic regression assessed the effects of PI on frailty transitions.Results This study included 9,093 older adults.FI values increased with age and were higher in women,whereas PI values decreased with age and were higher in men.Over 2 years,56.2%of the participants showed a stable frailty status,14.2%improved,and 29.6%worsened.Negative transitions were more common than positive transitions,with transitions occurring most frequently between adjacent states.The PI was moderately negatively correlated with the FI(r=−0.349,P<0.001).A higher PI was associated with a lower risk of negative transitions among robust and prefrail individuals(OR=0.989,0.981,both P<0.05),but showed no significant effect among those with existing frailty.Conclusion Negative frailty transitions were more common with advancing age.Enhancing PI may help prevent negative frailty transitions among robust and pre-frail older adults,underscoring the value of early interventions.展开更多
It is essential to understand how adaptation needs and options differ among stakeholders in protected areas(PAs)to effectively implement climate change(CC)adaptation strategies.Using the Qiangtang PA in Xizang as a ca...It is essential to understand how adaptation needs and options differ among stakeholders in protected areas(PAs)to effectively implement climate change(CC)adaptation strategies.Using the Qiangtang PA in Xizang as a case study,this research examines CC adaptation needs and options from the perspectives of stakeholders across multiple administrative levels,including provincial,prefectural,county authorities,73 protection stations,and 13364 pastoralists residing within the PA.The findings show that stakeholders at the provincial level,as well as those from the Ali and Naqu prefectures and six counties,place greater emphasis on institutional and resource-related needs than on other categories(attention score:7.0-9.3 vs.5.0-7.0).In contrast,stakeholders from the 73 protection stations prioritize technological and capacity-building needs more strongly than other types(attention score:8.0-9.0 vs.4.0-8.0).The 13364 pastoralists assign the highest importance to social needs relative to other categories(attention score:9.0-9.5 vs.3.0-8.0).Most of the eight existing protection measures were found to indirectly support broader climate adaptation efforts.In particular,protective actions addressing fire,pests,and weather-related disasters can be classified as autonomous adaptation,while other measures generate outcomes that enhance adaptation capacity under specific conditions.Adaptation options,grouped into three main types and 13 subcategories,differ across stakeholder groups,although substantial overlap exists between these options and current protective actions,including ecosystem based adaptation strategies,adaptation-related practices,autonomous adaptation measures,and emergency interventions.Overall,these findings highlight the critical role of all stakeholders-especially staff from the 73 protection stations and the 13364 pastoralists-in the effective implementation of adaptation actions within the PA.展开更多
Spinal cord injury is a neurological disorder resulting from trauma,typically affecting sensory and motor function at the injury site,even leading to paralysis and internal dysfunction.The treatment of spinal cord inj...Spinal cord injury is a neurological disorder resulting from trauma,typically affecting sensory and motor function at the injury site,even leading to paralysis and internal dysfunction.The treatment of spinal cord injury mainly relies on pharmacological and surgical interventions;however,significant challenges remain in the protection and repair of neural tissues.Autophagy,an intracellular process responsible for the degradation and recycling of macromolecular components,plays a vital role in spinal cord injury,alleviating the severity of injury by inhibiting cell apoptosis and inflammatory responses.In this review,we provide an overview of the physiological mechanisms underlying autophagy and spinal cord injury and detail the crosstalk between autophagy and other modes of cell death in spinal cord injury.In addition,we discuss the potential of targeting autophagy as a therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury through approaches that focus on promoting or inhibiting this process,targeting specific autophagic substrates or pathways,and combining autophagy modulation with other neuroprotective or restorative interventions.In summary,this review proposes that strict regulation of autophagy may represent a viable strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury.展开更多
The field of neurodegeneration research has long been focused on finding therapeutic strategies to effectively decrease or halt neuronal loss while minimizing side effects.A recent study titled“Inhibiting acute,axona...The field of neurodegeneration research has long been focused on finding therapeutic strategies to effectively decrease or halt neuronal loss while minimizing side effects.A recent study titled“Inhibiting acute,axonal DLK palmitoylation is neuroprotective and avoids deleterious effects of cell-wide DLK inhibition”(Zhang et al.,2025),describes an innovative approach to achieve this goal.The authors target a specific post-translational modification of dual leucine-zipper kinase(DLK),palmitoylation,to selectively inhibit DLK-dependent pro-degenerative signaling and protect neurons,thereby revealing a new way to intervene and block neurodegeneration.This Perspective aims to explore the significance of these findings and propose directions for future research.展开更多
Smart cities,as a typical application in the field of the Internet of Things,can combine cloud computing to realize the intelligent control of objects and process massive data.While cloud computing brings convenience ...Smart cities,as a typical application in the field of the Internet of Things,can combine cloud computing to realize the intelligent control of objects and process massive data.While cloud computing brings convenience to smart city services,a serious problem is ensuring that confidential data cannot be leaked to malicious adversaries.Considering the security and privacy of data,data owners transmit sensitive data in its encrypted form to cloud server,which seriously hinders the improvements of potential utilization and efficient sharing.Public key searchable encryption ensures that users can securely retrieve the encrypted data without decryption.However,most existing schemes cannot resist keyword guessing attacks or the size of trapdoors linearly increases with the number of data owners.In this work,by utilizing certificateless encryption and proxy re-encryption,we design an authenticated searchable encryption scheme with constant trapdoors.The designed scheme preserves the privacy of index ciphertexts and keyword trapdoors,and can resist keyword guessing attacks.In addition,data users can generate and upload trapdoors with lower computation and communication overheads.We show that the proposed scheme is suitable for smart city implementations and applications by experimentally evaluating its performance.展开更多
This article examines the intelligent forest sentry system in the Mount Tai Scenic Area, analyzing its applications, accomplishments, and significance in forest fire prevention. It highlights the system's critical...This article examines the intelligent forest sentry system in the Mount Tai Scenic Area, analyzing its applications, accomplishments, and significance in forest fire prevention. It highlights the system's critical role in enhancing comprehensive forest fire prevention and control capabilities, accelerating emergency response times, and safeguarding the heritage resources of Mount Tai. Furthermore, the system is evolving into a "Smart Forest and Grassland Resources Supervision Platform" that integrates forest fire early warning, ecological environment monitoring, and pest and disease management to promote the sustainable development of forest resources.展开更多
文摘This review focuses on the mechanisms involved in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury and effective therapeutic treatments associated with clinical anesthesia. Although hepatocytes are the main target cells in the whole process of I/R injury, Kupffer cells, as an initiator of harmful cascades, may play a vital role by releasing some proinflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species in the early phase of I/R injury. The subsequent activation and recruitment of neutrophils are also involved in inflammatory response and immune activation. According to the above mechanisms, a number of strategies have been put forward in some experimental and clinical studies. Most of these therapeutic treatments originated from the generation of oxygen radicals and cytokines, the infiltration of neutrophils, the impairment of microcirculation and so on. Furthermore, increasing evidence has suggested that short periods of ischemic preconditioning have protective effects against liver I/R injury. Depending on these investigations, pharmacological preconditioning and clinical anesthesia-related effective methods have been proposed. A better understanding of the present progress on experimental statistics will bring about novel therapeutic treatments for the improvement of liver surgeries and transplantation.
文摘After reviewing the current event of China＇s entering WTO and analyzing some challenges of non-tariff barriers, this paper indicated the actual development of technical protections and what China will face, and then projected the approaches to solve the problems of technical protections that may affect China＇s industries.
文摘An efficient and clean preparation of acylals from aromatic aldehydes in the presence of synthetic phosphates (flourapatite and hydroxyapatite doped with ZnCl2 and ZnBr2) and acetic anhydride was achieved easily in high yields (86% - 97%) at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. Deprotection of the resulting acylals has also been attained by using the same catalysts under microwave irradiation. This method consistently has advantage of excellent yields (82% - 96%) and a short reaction time (3 - 4 min).
文摘To analyze the influence of _＋400 kV Q^nghai-Tibet HVDC transmission system on transmission- line protections in Qjnghai AG power system, a closed-loop simulation system was constructed by combing HyperSim system with HVDG control protection devices. Various faults on double-circuit 750 kV and multi- circuit 330 kV AC transmission lines in Qjnghai power system were simulated. The impedance characteristics and harmonic components at Qjnghai side of Qjng-Tibet DG transmission line were analyzed. The harmonic proportion in voltages and currents were studied for faults that took place at different locations near the DG system. The inflence of Qing-Tibet DG system on the directional components of protections, differential protections and distance protections of AC transmission lines was discussed and drew the conclusions that the DC sytem had little influence on differential protections, while had great inflence on directional components and distance protection. The conclusions can provide reference for studying the interaction between AC and DG systems.
基金supported in part by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)under Grant Nos.XDA0320000 and XDA0320300.
文摘With a similar threat model,conventional software mechanisms aimed at various levels of security can be categorized as intra-address space protection(IASP)including memory safety,control-flow integrity,syscall filtering,and isolation.When enhancing security,software-only IASP methods result in an expanded trusted computing base(TCB)and can lead to performance slowdowns,making it challenging to strike a balance between security and performance.Recent studies indicate that hardware-assisted methods enhance efficiency by encapsulating hardware primitives and utilizing specialized microarchitecture designs.They also enhance security by reducing the trusted computing base’s attack surface.However,there has been limited discussion regarding the key challenges in current hardware-assisted IASP studies.This paper conducts a comprehensive survey of hardware-assisted IASP and discusses critical design issues,such as metadata management strategies,protection comprehensiveness,protection granularity,and processor complexity.Through a qualitative analysis of existing methods,this paper summarizes the research trends in hardware-assisted IASP technologies and emphasizes the importance of isolation models,access control strategies,and cross-compartment switching in future hardware-assisted IASP designs.
文摘Topical Issues for the Future of Radiation Protection Kevin Nelson1, Renate Czarwinski2, Charles Wilson3, Bernard LeGuen4, Jing Chen5, Hildegarde Annie Vandenhove6, Shengli Niu7, Thierry Schneider8, John Damilakis9,10 and Peter Alfred Bryant11,12(1.Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259.
文摘Black nickel coatings have emerged as a research hotspot in materials science due to their excellent performance and broad application prospects.In this study,nickel-based black coatings were fabricated on low-carbon steel substrates via photo-assisted electrodeposition.A systematic investigation was conducted on the effects of cerium ion concentration and nano-ceria(CeO_(2))particle content in the electrolyte on the coating properties,along with an analysis of the temporal evolution of coating’s corrosion resistance.When the cerium ion concentration in the electrolyte was 0.05 mol/L,the coating exhibited a uniform black appearance with a light absorption rate of 95%,an emissivity of 0.87,maximum impedance,and the lowest corrosion tendency,demonstrating optimal comprehensive performance.The coating prepared with a nano-ceria concentration of 6 g/L in the electrolyte exhibited an emissivity of 0.9,achieved a 5B adhesion grade(ASTM D3359-09),and demonstrated a one-order-of-magnitude reduction in corrosion current density compared to coatings fabricated without nano-ceria in the electrolyte.With prolonged storage time,the coating's impedance slightly increased,leading to improved corrosion resistance.
文摘Evaluating Adherence to Safety Standards for Physical Space Design, Equipment, and Patient and Staff Protection in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centers:A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study Amirreza Sadeghinasab1, Jafar Fatahiasl2, Mahmoud Mohammadi-Sadr1, Masoud Heydari Kahkesh3, and Marziyeh Tahmasbi2(1.Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;2.Department of Radiologic Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;3.Department of Radiology and Radiotherapy, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran)Abstract:Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has revolutionized disease diagnosis and treatment.However, the technology poses safety risks, such as exposure to magnetic fields, RF pulses, and cryogens, necessitating strict adherence to safety protocols to protect patients and healthcare workers.
文摘BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking recovery.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether early suspension-protected training with a personal assistant machine for stroke patients enhances walking ability and prevents muscle spasms.METHODS:Thirty-two early-stage stroke patients from Shenzhen University General Hospital and the China Rehabilitation Research Center were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=16)and the control group(n=16).Both groups underwent 4 weeks of gait training under the suspension protection system for 30 minutes daily,5 days a week.The experimental group used the personal assistant machine during training.Three-dimensional gait analysis(using the Cortex motion capture system),Brunnstrom staging,Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower limb motor function,Fugl-Meyer balance function,and the modified Ashworth Scale were evaluated within 1 week before the intervention and after 4 weeks of intervention.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the 4-week intervention,all outcome measures showed significant changes in each group.The experimental group had a small but significant increase in the modified Ashworth Scale score(P<0.05,d=|0.15|),while the control group had a large significant increase(P<0.05,d=|1.48|).The experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in walking speed(16.5 to 38.44 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|4.01|),step frequency(46.44 to 64.94 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|2.32|),stride length(15.50 to 29.81 cm,P<0.05,d=|3.44|),and peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.82|to|2.17|).After treatment,the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in walking speed(38.44 vs.26.63 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|2.75|),stride length,peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.31|to|1.45|),step frequency(64.94 vs.59.38 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|0.85|),and a reduced support phase(bilateral:24.31%vs.28.38%,P<0.05,d=|0.88|;non-paretic:66.19%vs.70.13%,P<0.05,d=|0.94|).For early hemiplegia,personal assistant machine-assisted gait training under the suspension protection system helps establish a correct gait pattern,prevents muscle spasms,and improves motor function.
文摘PKU:The super fibers combine strength and toughness In impact protection applications such as ballistic armor,vehicle shielding,and aerospace,the dynamic strength and dynamic toughness of fiber materials are critical performance indicators determining protective efficacy.However,widely used polymeric fibers still face significant challenges preventing full utilization of the material’s intrinsic strength and toughness.
基金Construction of Standardized Protective Nursing Plan for Hydrofluoric Acid Operations in Dentistry and Research on Injury Prevention Effects(Project No.:FZ2025101)。
文摘Objective: To investigate the efficacy of multidimensional protective nursing interventions in reducing occupational exposure risks to hydrofluoric acid in dental departments. Methods: The study was conducted between January 2024 and January 2025, involving 60 healthcare workers who were randomly assigned to groups. The control group (n = 30) received conventional occupational protective nursing care, while the observation group underwent multidimensional protective nursing interventions. Results: Following intervention, the observation group demonstrated significantly higher scores than the control group in knowledge of hydrofluoric acid occupational exposure, occupational exposure risk perception, and protective skill operation (p < 0.05). Emergency response capability scores and protective behavior implementation scores were also higher in the observation group (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the observation group exhibited higher occupational health satisfaction rates and lower occupational exposure incidence rates (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Multidimensional protective nursing interventions effectively enhance dental healthcare personnel’s awareness and protective capabilities regarding hydrofluoric acid occupational exposure, improve compliance with protective measures, and significantly reduce occupational exposure risks. This approach warrants promotion and application in occupational protective nursing interventions within dental departments.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,Nos.2021ZD0202805(to XX),2019YFA0709504(to XX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82172544(to YW),32471083(to XX),81972140(to JW),82272604(to HX),82102491(to SC)+1 种基金the Brain Science and Brain-Like Research Project of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital,No.ynnkxyb202410(to JZ)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Sailing Program,No.23YF1403800(to LL).
文摘The neurovascular unit plays a critical role in maintaining brain structure,function,and homeostasis.Following ischemic stroke,dysfunction and dysregulation of this unit contribute to nerve-blood vessel uncoupling.Intermittent theta-burst stimulation is a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation that operates within the theta wave range and can either promote or inhibit cortical excitability.Previous studies have shown that intermittent theta wave stimulation has neuroprotective effects,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.In this study,mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion were treated with intermittent theta-burst stimulation.The results showed that intermittent theta-burst stimulation significantly improved neurological function and motor recovery,reduced apoptosis in the peri-infarct region,and activated the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.Additionally,intermittent theta-burst stimulation suppressed inflammation through the PI3K/AKT/GSK3βand NF-κB pathways.Notably,intermittent theta-burst stimulation strengthened A2 astrocyte-blood vessel coupling,and the effects of intermittent theta-burst stimulation were reversed by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002.These findings demonstrate that intermittent theta-burst stimulation promotes neurovascular unit remodeling and improves neurological outcomes by modulating microglia and astrocytes via the PI3K/AKT/GSK3βand NF-κB signaling pathways.
基金Supported by the Special Project for Supporting the Development of Biomedicine and Health Industry in Hangzhou City,No.2022WJC123Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2022ZA143.
文摘BACKGROUND Long-term antipsychotic therapy in psychiatric patients carries significant cardiovascular risks,including QT interval prolongation,myocardial injury,and functional impairment.Guanxinning,a traditional Chinese medicine formulation,has demonstrated cardioprotective potential in preclinical studies,but clinical evidence in this population remains limited.AIM To evaluate the cardioprotective effects of Guanxinning against antipsychotic-induced cardiac injury in long-term hospitalized psychiatric patients.METHODS A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 120 psychiatric inpatients receiving chronic antipsychotic therapy.Participants were allocated to:Intervention group:Conventional antipsychotics+Guanxinning tablets(0.38 g×4 tablets,ter in die);Control group:Conventional antipsychotics+identical placebo;Cardiac assessments at baseline and 12 months included:Electrocardiography(corrected QT interval),echocardiography(left ventricular ejection fraction,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter),serum biomarkers(cardiac troponin I,B-type natriuretic peptide,superoxide dismutase,malondialdehyde,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein).RESULTS Compared to controls,the Guanxinning group showed:Electrophysiological improvement:Corrected QT shortening(438±25 milliseconds vs 465±30 milliseconds,P<0.01).Functional enhancement:Left ventricular ejection fraction increase(58.5%±5.2%vs 53.8%±4.8%,P<0.05),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter reduction(49.8±3.5 mm vs 52.6±3.8 mm,P<0.05),Biochemical modulation:Reduced myocardial injury markers(cardiac troponin I:0.009 ng/mL vs 0.014 ng/mL;B-type natriuretic peptide:52 pg/mL vs 78 pg/mL,P<0.001),improved oxidative stress(superoxide dismutase:↑13.3 U/mL;malondialdehyde:↓0.9 nmol/mL,P<0.001),attenuated inflammation(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein:2.0 mg/L vs 3.2 mg/L,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Guanxinning significantly mitigates antipsychotic-induced cardiac injury in psychiatric patients,demonstrating:Normalization of electrophysiological parameters,Preservation of systolic/diastolic function,suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation.These findings support its clinical application as an adjunctive cardioprotective therapy,potentially through inhibition of myocardial apoptosis and antioxidant upregulation.
基金funded by the Opening Project of Oil&Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(YQKF202214)。
文摘During drilling process,the water phase in drilling fluids infiltrates rock fractures through capillary action.The surface wettability of dolomite is governed by multiple factors,resulting in an unstable wetting state.Studies have shown that altering the surface wettability of reservoir rocks to an intermediate wetting state can effectively reduce the damage of drilling fluids to oil and gas reservoirs and improve oil and gas recovery.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a reservoir protectant to prevent the water phase in the drilling fluid from intruding into the oil and gas reservoirs.Given this,a modified polysiloxane was synthesized to alter the surface wettability of dolomite.Tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane(D^(H)_(4))and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane(D_(4))were ring-opened copolymerized to obtain the hydrogencontaining polysiloxane,which in turn reacted with unsaturated hydrocarbons to obtain the modified polysiloxane.The ability of reservoir protectants to regulate the surface wettability of dolomite under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions was tested.The experimental results show that the reservoir protectant is able to alter the wettability of the dolomite surface to an intermediate wetting state by adsorption on the rock surface even after 16 h of aging at 240℃ and 15% salt concentration.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China[Grant Nos.2020YFC2003000 and 2020YFC2003001]the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(BJ-2023-074 and BJ-2023-018)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission“AI+Health Collaborative Innovation Cultivation”Project(Z221100003522015)the Non-Profit Central Research Institute Fund of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2021-JKCS-024).
文摘Objective Frailty is becoming increasingly common among aging adults.Frailty transitionis shaped by biological,social,psychological,and environmental factors.This study investigated combined effects of protective factors on frailty transition by constructing a Protection Index(PI)to guide targeted interventions.Methods Data were extracted from the 4th Sample Survey of the Aged Population in Urban and Rural China,including baseline(2017)and follow-up(2019)surveys.Frailty was assessed using the Frailty Index(FI),whereas the PI measured protective factors.Frailty transitions over 2 years were analyzed prospectively.Pearson’s correlation examined the relationship between FI and PI,and logistic regression assessed the effects of PI on frailty transitions.Results This study included 9,093 older adults.FI values increased with age and were higher in women,whereas PI values decreased with age and were higher in men.Over 2 years,56.2%of the participants showed a stable frailty status,14.2%improved,and 29.6%worsened.Negative transitions were more common than positive transitions,with transitions occurring most frequently between adjacent states.The PI was moderately negatively correlated with the FI(r=−0.349,P<0.001).A higher PI was associated with a lower risk of negative transitions among robust and prefrail individuals(OR=0.989,0.981,both P<0.05),but showed no significant effect among those with existing frailty.Conclusion Negative frailty transitions were more common with advancing age.Enhancing PI may help prevent negative frailty transitions among robust and pre-frail older adults,underscoring the value of early interventions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project[Grand No.2022YFF0802304]Key Research and Development and Transformation Project of the Xizang Autonomous Region[Grand No.XZ202501ZY0119].
文摘It is essential to understand how adaptation needs and options differ among stakeholders in protected areas(PAs)to effectively implement climate change(CC)adaptation strategies.Using the Qiangtang PA in Xizang as a case study,this research examines CC adaptation needs and options from the perspectives of stakeholders across multiple administrative levels,including provincial,prefectural,county authorities,73 protection stations,and 13364 pastoralists residing within the PA.The findings show that stakeholders at the provincial level,as well as those from the Ali and Naqu prefectures and six counties,place greater emphasis on institutional and resource-related needs than on other categories(attention score:7.0-9.3 vs.5.0-7.0).In contrast,stakeholders from the 73 protection stations prioritize technological and capacity-building needs more strongly than other types(attention score:8.0-9.0 vs.4.0-8.0).The 13364 pastoralists assign the highest importance to social needs relative to other categories(attention score:9.0-9.5 vs.3.0-8.0).Most of the eight existing protection measures were found to indirectly support broader climate adaptation efforts.In particular,protective actions addressing fire,pests,and weather-related disasters can be classified as autonomous adaptation,while other measures generate outcomes that enhance adaptation capacity under specific conditions.Adaptation options,grouped into three main types and 13 subcategories,differ across stakeholder groups,although substantial overlap exists between these options and current protective actions,including ecosystem based adaptation strategies,adaptation-related practices,autonomous adaptation measures,and emergency interventions.Overall,these findings highlight the critical role of all stakeholders-especially staff from the 73 protection stations and the 13364 pastoralists-in the effective implementation of adaptation actions within the PA.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82271395(to GL),the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2023A1515030073(to GL)the grants from University of Macao Research Committee,China,No.MYRG2022-00074-ICMS(to CTV)Guangzhou Science and Technology Program Project,No.2025A04J4740(to GL).
文摘Spinal cord injury is a neurological disorder resulting from trauma,typically affecting sensory and motor function at the injury site,even leading to paralysis and internal dysfunction.The treatment of spinal cord injury mainly relies on pharmacological and surgical interventions;however,significant challenges remain in the protection and repair of neural tissues.Autophagy,an intracellular process responsible for the degradation and recycling of macromolecular components,plays a vital role in spinal cord injury,alleviating the severity of injury by inhibiting cell apoptosis and inflammatory responses.In this review,we provide an overview of the physiological mechanisms underlying autophagy and spinal cord injury and detail the crosstalk between autophagy and other modes of cell death in spinal cord injury.In addition,we discuss the potential of targeting autophagy as a therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury through approaches that focus on promoting or inhibiting this process,targeting specific autophagic substrates or pathways,and combining autophagy modulation with other neuroprotective or restorative interventions.In summary,this review proposes that strict regulation of autophagy may represent a viable strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
基金supported by NIH(R01 NS094402 and R21 EY029386)Shriners Children’s(#85190 PHI and#87400 PHI)by BrightFocus Foundation(G2019267)(to GMT).
文摘The field of neurodegeneration research has long been focused on finding therapeutic strategies to effectively decrease or halt neuronal loss while minimizing side effects.A recent study titled“Inhibiting acute,axonal DLK palmitoylation is neuroprotective and avoids deleterious effects of cell-wide DLK inhibition”(Zhang et al.,2025),describes an innovative approach to achieve this goal.The authors target a specific post-translational modification of dual leucine-zipper kinase(DLK),palmitoylation,to selectively inhibit DLK-dependent pro-degenerative signaling and protect neurons,thereby revealing a new way to intervene and block neurodegeneration.This Perspective aims to explore the significance of these findings and propose directions for future research.
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.2021CXGC010107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20466,62325209)+3 种基金the New 20 Project of Higher Education of Jinan(No.202228017)the Special Project on Science and Technology Program of Hubei Province(No.2021BAA025)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2042023kf0203,20420241013)the Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSP2024R509),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia。
文摘Smart cities,as a typical application in the field of the Internet of Things,can combine cloud computing to realize the intelligent control of objects and process massive data.While cloud computing brings convenience to smart city services,a serious problem is ensuring that confidential data cannot be leaked to malicious adversaries.Considering the security and privacy of data,data owners transmit sensitive data in its encrypted form to cloud server,which seriously hinders the improvements of potential utilization and efficient sharing.Public key searchable encryption ensures that users can securely retrieve the encrypted data without decryption.However,most existing schemes cannot resist keyword guessing attacks or the size of trapdoors linearly increases with the number of data owners.In this work,by utilizing certificateless encryption and proxy re-encryption,we design an authenticated searchable encryption scheme with constant trapdoors.The designed scheme preserves the privacy of index ciphertexts and keyword trapdoors,and can resist keyword guessing attacks.In addition,data users can generate and upload trapdoors with lower computation and communication overheads.We show that the proposed scheme is suitable for smart city implementations and applications by experimentally evaluating its performance.
文摘This article examines the intelligent forest sentry system in the Mount Tai Scenic Area, analyzing its applications, accomplishments, and significance in forest fire prevention. It highlights the system's critical role in enhancing comprehensive forest fire prevention and control capabilities, accelerating emergency response times, and safeguarding the heritage resources of Mount Tai. Furthermore, the system is evolving into a "Smart Forest and Grassland Resources Supervision Platform" that integrates forest fire early warning, ecological environment monitoring, and pest and disease management to promote the sustainable development of forest resources.
