With the increasing demand for secure infrastructure such as hydrogen refueling stations,chemical plants,and energy storage systems,the need for protective structures capable of withstanding close-in detonations has b...With the increasing demand for secure infrastructure such as hydrogen refueling stations,chemical plants,and energy storage systems,the need for protective structures capable of withstanding close-in detonations has become more critical.Existing design guidelines for protective walls(e.g.,UFC 3-340-02)primarily address mid-and far-field explosions,providing limited insights into near-field effects.Considering the effect of slight slopes(<40°)on reducing maximum reflected overpressure is deemed negligible.This study investigated the effectiveness of a reinforced concrete(RC)modular protection system(MPS)incorpo rating a diagonally tapered wall in attenuating re flected overpressures from closein detonations.Full-scale field experiments using a 51.3 kg TNT charge,representing the explosion energy of a typical hydrogen vessel rupture,demonstrated that a wall with a 7°slope significantly outperformed a vertical wall of equivalent concrete volume in terms of blast resistance.Observed structural responses included cracking,horizontal shear failure,and overturning.Complementary simulations using a validated computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model showed that the tapered wall reduced peak overpressure by 30%-40%compared to an equivalent vertical wall.This result highlights the potential of minor geometric modifications to enhance blast resilience.The tapered design effectively redirects incident blast waves,reducing localized damage while also conserving material,thus preserving modular benefits such as ease of transport and reusability.These findings suggest that diagonally tapered RC-based MPSs can offer a practical and resilient solution for industrial and military applications subject to near-field or sequential blast threats.展开更多
This article takes the current autonomous driving technology as the research background and studies the collaborative protection mechanism between its system-on-chip(SoC)functional safety and information security.It i...This article takes the current autonomous driving technology as the research background and studies the collaborative protection mechanism between its system-on-chip(SoC)functional safety and information security.It includes an introduction to the functions and information security of autonomous driving SoCs,as well as the main design strategies for the collaborative prevention and control mechanism of SoC functional safety and information security in autonomous driving.The research shows that in the field of autonomous driving,there is a close connection between the functional safety of SoCs and their information security.In the design of the safety collaborative protection mechanism,the overall collaborative protection architecture,SoC functional safety protection mechanism,information security protection mechanism,the workflow of the collaborative protection mechanism,and its strategies are all key design elements.It is hoped that this analysis can provide some references for the collaborative protection of SoC functional safety and information security in the field of autonomous driving,so as to improve the safety of autonomous driving technology and meet its practical application requirements.展开更多
1.Introduction to ablative TPS The Mars 2020 mission underscored the critical role of ablative Thermal Protection Systems(TPS)during atmospheric entry,where spacecraft encounter extreme aerodynamic heating.Established...1.Introduction to ablative TPS The Mars 2020 mission underscored the critical role of ablative Thermal Protection Systems(TPS)during atmospheric entry,where spacecraft encounter extreme aerodynamic heating.Established in the mid-20th century,blunt body theories led to the creation of ablative heat shields that effectively manage thermal loads through thermo-chemo-mechanical decomposition.This paper revisits the development and application of ablative TPS materials,which are single-mission solutions capable of withstanding entry velocities surpassing 10 km/s.展开更多
The protection system for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)varieties,as an important policy tool to promote the development of TCM,has a long history of over 30 years,from the promulgation of the“Regulations on the P...The protection system for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)varieties,as an important policy tool to promote the development of TCM,has a long history of over 30 years,from the promulgation of the“Regulations on the Protection of Traditional Chinese Medicine Varieties”in 1992 to the comprehensive revision of the draft for soliciting opinions in 2022.The TCM protection system evolves to meet the needs of innovative development of TCM.This paper reviews the policy developments in TCM varieties protection,collates protection data(1993 to 2024),and analyzes enterprises application strategies amid impending regulatory changes.展开更多
Avian metapneumovirus(aMPV),a paramyxovirus,causes acute respiratory diseases in turkeys and swollen head syndrome in chickens.This study established a reverse genetics system for aMPV subtype B LN16-A strain based on...Avian metapneumovirus(aMPV),a paramyxovirus,causes acute respiratory diseases in turkeys and swollen head syndrome in chickens.This study established a reverse genetics system for aMPV subtype B LN16-A strain based on T7 RNA polymerase.Full-length cDNA of the LN16-A strain was constructed by assembling 5 cDNA fragments between the T7 promoter and hepatitis delta virus ribozyme.Transfection of this plasmid,along with the supporting plasmids encoding the N,P,M2-1,and L proteins of LN16-A into BSR-T7/5 cells,resulted in the recovery of aMPV subtype B.To identify an effective insertion site,the enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)gene was inserted into different sites of the LN16-A genome to generate recombinant LN16-As.The results showed that the expression levels of EGFP at the site between the G and L genes of LN16-A were significantly higher than those at the other two sites(between the leader and N genes or replacing the SH gene).To verify the availability of the site between G and L for foreign gene expression,the VP2 gene of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus(vvIBDV)was inserted into this site,and recombinant LN16-A(rLN16A-vvVP2)was successfully rescued.Single immunization of specificpathogen-free chickens with rLN16A-vvVP2 induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies and provided 100%protection against the virulent aMPV subtype B and vvIBDV.Establishing a reverse genetics system here provides an important foundation for understanding aMPV pathogenesis and developing novel vector vaccines.展开更多
Deforestation remains one of the most imminent threats to biodiversity in the tropics.As such,its causes and dynamics need to be studied and understood to put a halt to further forest loss and degradation.In tropical ...Deforestation remains one of the most imminent threats to biodiversity in the tropics.As such,its causes and dynamics need to be studied and understood to put a halt to further forest loss and degradation.In tropical countries such as Uganda,agricultural expansion and wood fuel demand are its leading drivers.While the establishment of protected areas is a key tool in conserving remaining forest biodiversity,results indicate that current management does not sufficiently provide alternatives to forest resources utilised by households and income provided from timber and non-timber forest products.Beyond safeguarding ecosystems,protected areas need to ensure the sustainable socioeconomic development of adjacent communities for effective biodiversity conservation–however,both management and research often neglect to consider all dimensions.In this study,we analysed five decades of forest cover change in the Mount Elgon region,Uganda,by conducting a remote sensing analysis of its protected areas using Landsat MSS and TM data from 1973-2023 in combination with literature and subsequent interview analysis to consider both the ecological and socioeconomic dimension.We applied a random forest approach to differentiate forest and non-forest areas and carried out a pixel-based change detection analysis to differentiate temporal and spatial changes.Throughout the study period of 50 years,forest cover has evolved dynamically within the boundaries of the protected areas of Mount Elgon.A significant decline was observed in both Mount Elgon National Park with a loss of-5.98%(-46.83km²)and Mount Elgon Biosphere Reserve with a loss of-14.96%(-134.33km²).Our results showcase a cycle of deforestation and afforestation that could be tied to a series of development initiatives,re-demarcation of boundaries,changes in management and recurring evictions.Overall,the results lead to the conclusion that the lack of sustainable and efficient management and funding has fostered the rate of deforestation and accelerated ecological degradation in the region,but that existing problems are also rooted in the land tenure history of the region.We recommend the proper implementation of participatory and long-term management approaches on the ground and to address the land rights issue to contribute to both socioeconomic wellbeing and sustainable conservation outcomes.展开更多
This paper is concerned with a diffusive Ivlev-type predator-prey system with Smith growth and a protection zone. By discussing the existence and non-existence of positive solutions,we discover that the incorporation ...This paper is concerned with a diffusive Ivlev-type predator-prey system with Smith growth and a protection zone. By discussing the existence and non-existence of positive solutions,we discover that the incorporation of the Smith growth function has enabled us to obtain a more precise criterion when judging the structure of bifurcation solutions, and determine a critical size for the protection zone. The results indicate that if the size of the protection zone is below the critical patch size, then the system has no positive steady state solution for excessively high intrinsic growth rates of predators. Conversely, if the size of the protection zone exceeds the critical patch size, there exists positive steady state solution regardless of how large the intrinsic growth rate of the predators is.展开更多
Establishing and maintaining protected areas is a pivotal strategy for attaining the post-2020 biodiversity target. The conservation objectives of protected areas have shifted from a narrow emphasis on biodiversity to...Establishing and maintaining protected areas is a pivotal strategy for attaining the post-2020 biodiversity target. The conservation objectives of protected areas have shifted from a narrow emphasis on biodiversity to encompass broader considerations such as ecosystem stability, community resilience to climate change, and enhancement of human well-being. Given these multifaceted objectives, it is imperative to judiciously allocate resources to effectively conserve biodiversity by identifying strategically significant areas for conservation, particularly for mountainous areas. In this study, we evaluated the representativeness of the protected area network in the Qin ling Mountains concerning species diversity, ecosystem services, climate stability and ecological stability. The results indicate that some of the ecological indicators are spatially correlated with topographic gradient effects. The conservation priority areas predominantly lie in the northern foothills, the southeastern, and southwestern parts of the Qinling Mountain with areas concentrated at altitudes between 1,500-2,000 m and slopes between 40°-50° as hotspots. The conservation priority areas identified through the framework of inclusive conservation optimization account for 22.9 % of the Qinling Mountain. Existing protected areas comprise only 6.1 % of the Qinling Mountain and 13.18 % of the conservation priority areas. This will play an important role in achiev ing sustainable development in the region and in meeting the post-2020 biodiversity target. The framework can advance the different objectives of achieving a quadruple win and can also be extended to other regions.展开更多
With the rapid development of Internet of things technology,the efficiency of data transmission between devices has been significantly improved.However,the open network environment also poses serious security risks.Th...With the rapid development of Internet of things technology,the efficiency of data transmission between devices has been significantly improved.However,the open network environment also poses serious security risks.This paper proposes an innovative fingerprint template protection scheme,which generates key streams through an improved fourdimensional superchaotic system(4CSCS),uses the space-filling property of Hilbert curves to achieve pixel scrambling,and introduces dynamic DNA encoding to improve encryption.Experimental results show that this scheme has a large key space 2^(528),encrypts image information entropy of more than 7.9970,and shows excellent performance in defending against statistical attacks and differential attacks.Compared with existing methods,this scheme has significant advantages in terms of encryption performance and security,and provides a reliable protection mechanism for fingerprint authentication systems in the Internet of things environment.展开更多
The regenerative braking energy utilization system(RBEUS)stands as a promising technique for improving the efficiency and power quality of electrified railways.Beyond the vital aspects of energy management and control...The regenerative braking energy utilization system(RBEUS)stands as a promising technique for improving the efficiency and power quality of electrified railways.Beyond the vital aspects of energy management and control strategies,ensuring fault protection is paramount for the secure and steady operation of the traction power supply system(TPSS)integrated with RBEUS.This paper introduces an innovative protection scheme tailored to diverse RBEUS application scenarios.Firstly,fault categories are streamlined into three levels:system,equipment,and warning.Subsequently,a novel multi-port active power differential protection method,aligned with RBEUS operational principles,is crafted to serve as a comprehensive and sensitive main protection.Building upon this foundation,a hierarchical protection structure for RBEUS is established,addressing the intricacies and variations in fault types while boosting anti-disturbance capabilities under faulty conditions.Embracing the principle of railway-oriented safety,a collaborative RBEUS-TPSS protection scheme is put forth.Finally,through simulated scenarios encompassing various fault conditions,the proposed scheme’s feasibility and effectiveness are convincingly validated.展开更多
In a deeply aging society,the appointed guardianship system,as an important arrangement for the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly,still faces many practical difficulties.Typical examples include:du...In a deeply aging society,the appointed guardianship system,as an important arrangement for the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly,still faces many practical difficulties.Typical examples include:during the decision-making stage of whether to choose appointed guardianship,the lack of professionalism and availability of appointed guardians can easily hinder the elderly from choosing to apply it;during the establishment stage of appointed guardianship,the limited rules related to the appointed guardianship agreement can easily lead to the frustration of the elderly’s subjective will;during the operation stage of appointed guardianship,the insufficient accountability mechanisms for appointed guardians can easily lead to the infringement of the personal or property rights of the elderly.By reflecting on its jurisprudential causes,it can be found that the current law largely ignores the orientation of appointed guardianship as a welfare for the elderly in social law,the concept of substantive equality in the appointed guardianship agreement,and the theoretical attributes of the appointed guardianship as a fiduciary relationship.Therefore,the appointed guardianship system in China should be systematically improved to fully release its institutional potential in the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly based on these jurisprudential principles.In particular,it is possible to consider actively promoting the“trust+appointed guardianship”model and cultivating a team of appointed guardians by the state based on the concept of elderly welfare;strengthening the protection of notarization procedures and the reasonable design of the appointed guardianship agreement based on the concept of substantive equality;and refining the fiduciary standards of appointed guardians and strengthening guardianship supervision based on the nature of fiduciary relationship.展开更多
This paper proposes a numerical method to analyze the ice protection capability and predict the power requirements of a piezoelectric resonant de-icing system.The method is based on a coupled electro-mechanical finite...This paper proposes a numerical method to analyze the ice protection capability and predict the power requirements of a piezoelectric resonant de-icing system.The method is based on a coupled electro-mechanical finite element analysis which enables the fast computation of the modes of resonance of interest to de-ice curved surfaces and the estimation of the input voltage and current required for a given configuration(defined by its mode,actuator location,ice deposit,etc.).Eventually,the electric power to be supplied can be also assessed.The method is applied to a NACA 0024 leading edge equipped with piezoelectric actuators.First,two extension modes are analyzed and compared with respect to their efficiency and power requirements.Then,tests are carried out in an icing tunnel to verify the effectiveness of the piezoelectric ice protection system and the predictions of the maximal required power.The system allows de-icing the leading edge in less than 2 s for a glaze ice deposit.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA)intervention on myocardial protection and postoperative rehabilitation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).METHODS:Eight ...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA)intervention on myocardial protection and postoperative rehabilitation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).METHODS:Eight databases,including Pub Med,Embase,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Chinese Bio Medical Literature Database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Wanfang Data,China Science and Technology Journal Database,and two clinical trial registries,were searched.All randomized controlled trials(RCTs)related to EA intervention in cardiac surgery with CPB were collected.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,two researchers independently screened articles and extracted data.After the quality evaluation,RevMan 5.3 software was used for analysis.RESULTS:Fourteen RCTs involving 836 patients were included.Compared with the control treatment,EA significantly increased the incidence of cardiac automatic rebeat after aortic unclamping[relative risk(RR)=1.15,95%confidence interval(CI)(1.01,1.31),P<0.05;moderate].Twenty-four hours after aortic unclamping,EA significantly increased the superoxide dismutase[standardized mean difference(SMD)=0.96,95%CI(0.32,1.61),P<0.05;low],and interleukin(IL)-2[SMD=1.33,95%CI(0.19,2.47),P<0.05;very low]expression levels and decreased the malondialdehyde[SMD=-1.62,95%CI(-2.15,-1.09),P<0.05;moderate],tumour necrosis factor-α[SMD=-1.28,95%CI(-2.37,-0.19),P<0.05;moderate],and cardiac troponin I[SMD=-1.09,95%CI(-1.85,-0.32),P<0.05;low]expression levels as well as the inotrope scores[SMD=-0.77,95%CI(-1.22,-0.31),P<0.05;high].There was no difference in IL-6 and IL-10 expression levels.The amount of intraoperative sedative[SMD=-0.31,95%CI(-0.54,-0.09),P<0.05;moderate]and opioid analgesic[SMD=-0.96,95%CI(-1.53,-0.38),P<0.05;low]medication was significantly lower in the EA group than in the control group.Moreover,the postoperative tracheal intubation time[SMD=-0.92,95%CI(-1.40,-0.45),P<0.05;low]and intensive care unit stay[SMD=-1.71,95%CI(-3.06,-0.36),P<0.05;low]were significantly shorter in the EA group than in the control group.There were no differences in the time to get out of bed for the first time,total days of antibiotic use after surgery,or postoperative hospital stay.No adverse reactions related to EA were reported in any of the included studies.CONCLUSIONS:In cardiac surgery with CPB,EA may be a safe and effective strategy to reduce myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury and speed up the recovery of patients after surgery.These findings must be interpreted with caution,as most of the evidence was of low or moderate quality.More RCTs with larger sample sizes and higher quality are needed to provide more convincing evidence.展开更多
The development of bare patches typically signifies a process of ecosystem degradation.Within the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway,the extensive emergence of bare sand patches poses ...The development of bare patches typically signifies a process of ecosystem degradation.Within the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway,the extensive emergence of bare sand patches poses a threat to both stability and sustainability.However,there is limited knowledge regarding the morphology,dynamic changes,and ecological responses associated with these sand patches.Therefore,we analyzed the formation and development process of sand patches within the protection system and its effects on herbaceous vegetation growth and soil nutrients through field observation,survey,and indoor analysis methods.The results showed that sand patch development can be divided into three stages,i.e.,formation,expansion,and stabilization,which correspond to the initial,actively developing,and semi-fixed sand patches,respectively.The average dimensions of all sand patch erosional areas were found to be 7.72 m in length,3.91 m in width,and 0.32 m in depth.The actively developing sand patches were the largest,and the initial sand patches were the smallest.Throughout the stage of formation and expansion,the herbaceous community composition changed,and the plant density decreased by more than 50.95%.Moreover,the coverage and height of herbaceous plants decreased in the erosional area and slightly increased in the depositional lobe;and the fine particles and nutrients of soils in the erosional area and depositional lobe showed a decreasing trend.In the stabilization phases of sand patches,the area from the inlet to the bottom of sand patches becomes initially covered with crusts.Vegetation and 0-2 cm surface soil condition improved in the erosional area,but this improvement was not yet evident in the depositional lobe.Factors such as disturbance,climate change,and surface resistance to erosion exert notable influences on the formation and dynamics of sand patches.The results can provide evidence for the future treatment of sand patches and the management of the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway.展开更多
Distributed generators now is widely used in electrical power networks, in some cases it works seasonally, and some types works at special weather conditions like photo voltaic systems and wind energy, and due to this...Distributed generators now is widely used in electrical power networks, in some cases it works seasonally, and some types works at special weather conditions like photo voltaic systems and wind energy, and due to this continuous changes in generation condition, the fault current level in network will be affected, this changes in fault current level will affect in the coordination between protection relays and to keep the coordination at right way, an adaptive protection system is required that can adaptive its setting according to generation changes, the fault current level in each case is evaluated using ETAP software, and the required relay setting in each case is also evaluated using Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm, and to select suitable setting which required in each condition, to select the active setting group of protection relay according to generation capacity, central protection unite can be used, and to improve protection stability and minimizing relays tripping time, a proposed method for selecting suitable backup relay is used, which leads to decrease relays tripping time and increase system stability, output settings for relays in all cases achieved our constrains.展开更多
A philosophy for the design of novel,lightweight,multi-layered armor,referred to as Composite Armor Philosophy(CAP),which can adapt to the passive protection of light-,medium-,and heavy-armored vehicles,is presented i...A philosophy for the design of novel,lightweight,multi-layered armor,referred to as Composite Armor Philosophy(CAP),which can adapt to the passive protection of light-,medium-,and heavy-armored vehicles,is presented in this study.CAP can serve as a guiding principle to assist designers in comprehending the distinct roles fulfilled by each component.The CAP proposal comprises four functional layers,organized in a suggested hierarchy of materials.Particularly notable is the inclusion of a ceramic-composite principle,representing an advanced and innovative solution in the field of armor design.This paper showcases real-world defense industry applications,offering case studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of this advanced approach.CAP represents a significant milestone in the history of passive protection,marking an evolutionary leap in the field.This philosophical approach provides designers with a powerful toolset with which to enhance the protection capabilities of military vehicles,making them more resilient and better equipped to meet the challenges of modern warfare.展开更多
The atmospheric corrosion monitoring(ACM)technique has been widely employed to track the real-time corrosion behavior of metal materials.However,limited studies have applied ACM to the corrosion protection properties ...The atmospheric corrosion monitoring(ACM)technique has been widely employed to track the real-time corrosion behavior of metal materials.However,limited studies have applied ACM to the corrosion protection properties of organic coatings.This study compared a bare epoxy coating with one containing zinc phosphate corrosion inhibitors,both applied on ACM sensors,to observe their corrosion protection properties over time.Coatings with artificial damage via scratches were exposed to immersion and alternating dry and wet environments,which allowed for monitoring galvanic corrosion currents in real-time.Throughout the corrosion tests,the ACM currents of the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating were considerably lower than those of the blank epoxy coating.The trend in ACM current variations closely matched the results obtained from regular electrochemical tests and surface analysis.This alignment highlights the potential of the ACM technique in evaluating the corrosion protection capabilities of organic coatings.Compared with the blank epoxy coating,the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating showed much-decreased ACM current values that confirmed the effective inhibition of zinc phosphate against steel corrosion beneath the damaged coating.展开更多
Piezoelectric resonant de-icing systems are attracting great interest.This paper aims to assess the implementation of these systems at the aircraft level.The article begins with the model to compute the power requirem...Piezoelectric resonant de-icing systems are attracting great interest.This paper aims to assess the implementation of these systems at the aircraft level.The article begins with the model to compute the power requirement of a piezoelectric resonant de-icing system sized from the prototype detailed in Part 1/2 of this article.Then the mass,drag,and fuel consumption of this system and the subcomponents needed for its implementation are assessed.The features of a piezoelectric resonant de-icing system are finally computed for aircraft similar to Airbus A320 aircraft and aircraft of different categories(Boeing 787,ATR 72 and TBM 900)and compared with the existing thermal and mechanical ice protection systems.A sensitivity analysis of the main key sizing parameters of the piezoelectric de-icing system is also performed to identify the main axes of improvement for this technology.The study shows the potential of such ice protection systems.In particular,for the realistic input parameters chosen in this work,the electro-mechanical solution can provide a 54% reduction in terms of mass and a 92% reduction in terms of power consumption for an A320 aircraft architecture,leading to a 74% decrease in the associated fuel consumption compared to the actual air bleed system.展开更多
Non-face-to-face psychological counseling systems rely on network technologies to anonymize information regard-ing client identity.However,these systems often face challenges concerning voice data leaks and the subopt...Non-face-to-face psychological counseling systems rely on network technologies to anonymize information regard-ing client identity.However,these systems often face challenges concerning voice data leaks and the suboptimal communication of the client’s non-verbal expressions,such as facial cues,to the counselor.This study proposes a metaverse-based psychological counseling system designed to enhance client identity protection while ensuring efficient information delivery to counselors during non-face-to-face counseling.The proposed systemincorporates a voicemodulation function that instantlymodifies/masks the client’s voice to safeguard their identity.Additionally,it employs real-time client facial expression recognition using an ensemble of decision trees to mirror the client’s non-verbal expressions through their avatar in the metaverse environment.The system is adaptable for use on personal computers and smartphones,offering users the flexibility to access metaverse-based psychological counseling across diverse environments.The performance evaluation of the proposed system confirmed that the voice modulation and real-time facial expression replication consistently achieve an average speed of 48.32 frames per second or higher,even when tested on the least powerful smartphone configurations.Moreover,a total of 550 actual psychological counseling sessions were conducted,and the average satisfaction rating reached 4.46 on a 5-point scale.This indicates that clients experienced improved identity protection compared to conventional non-face-to-face metaverse counseling approaches.Additionally,the counselor successfully addressed the challenge of conveying non-verbal cues from clients who typically struggled with non-face-to-face psychological counseling.The proposed systemholds significant potential for applications in interactive discussions and educational activities in the metaverse.展开更多
The efficiency of the aircraft Ice Protection Systems(IPSs)needs to be verified through icing wind tunnel tests.However,the scaling method for testing the IPSs has not been systematically established yet,and further r...The efficiency of the aircraft Ice Protection Systems(IPSs)needs to be verified through icing wind tunnel tests.However,the scaling method for testing the IPSs has not been systematically established yet,and further research is needed.In the present study,a scaling method specifically designed for thermal IPSs was derived from the governing equation of thin water film.Five scaling parameters were adopted to address the heat and mass transfer involved in the thermal anti-icing process.For method validation,icing wind tunnel tests were conducted using a jet engine nacelle model equipped with a bleed air IPS.The non-dimensional surface temperature and runback ice closely matched for both the reference and scaled conditions.The validation confirms that the scaling method is capable of achieving the similarity of surface temperature and the runback ice coverage.The anti-icing scaling method can serve as an important supplement to the existing icing similarity theory.展开更多
基金supported by the Dong-A University of the Republic of Korea research fund。
文摘With the increasing demand for secure infrastructure such as hydrogen refueling stations,chemical plants,and energy storage systems,the need for protective structures capable of withstanding close-in detonations has become more critical.Existing design guidelines for protective walls(e.g.,UFC 3-340-02)primarily address mid-and far-field explosions,providing limited insights into near-field effects.Considering the effect of slight slopes(<40°)on reducing maximum reflected overpressure is deemed negligible.This study investigated the effectiveness of a reinforced concrete(RC)modular protection system(MPS)incorpo rating a diagonally tapered wall in attenuating re flected overpressures from closein detonations.Full-scale field experiments using a 51.3 kg TNT charge,representing the explosion energy of a typical hydrogen vessel rupture,demonstrated that a wall with a 7°slope significantly outperformed a vertical wall of equivalent concrete volume in terms of blast resistance.Observed structural responses included cracking,horizontal shear failure,and overturning.Complementary simulations using a validated computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model showed that the tapered wall reduced peak overpressure by 30%-40%compared to an equivalent vertical wall.This result highlights the potential of minor geometric modifications to enhance blast resilience.The tapered design effectively redirects incident blast waves,reducing localized damage while also conserving material,thus preserving modular benefits such as ease of transport and reusability.These findings suggest that diagonally tapered RC-based MPSs can offer a practical and resilient solution for industrial and military applications subject to near-field or sequential blast threats.
文摘This article takes the current autonomous driving technology as the research background and studies the collaborative protection mechanism between its system-on-chip(SoC)functional safety and information security.It includes an introduction to the functions and information security of autonomous driving SoCs,as well as the main design strategies for the collaborative prevention and control mechanism of SoC functional safety and information security in autonomous driving.The research shows that in the field of autonomous driving,there is a close connection between the functional safety of SoCs and their information security.In the design of the safety collaborative protection mechanism,the overall collaborative protection architecture,SoC functional safety protection mechanism,information security protection mechanism,the workflow of the collaborative protection mechanism,and its strategies are all key design elements.It is hoped that this analysis can provide some references for the collaborative protection of SoC functional safety and information security in the field of autonomous driving,so as to improve the safety of autonomous driving technology and meet its practical application requirements.
文摘1.Introduction to ablative TPS The Mars 2020 mission underscored the critical role of ablative Thermal Protection Systems(TPS)during atmospheric entry,where spacecraft encounter extreme aerodynamic heating.Established in the mid-20th century,blunt body theories led to the creation of ablative heat shields that effectively manage thermal loads through thermo-chemo-mechanical decomposition.This paper revisits the development and application of ablative TPS materials,which are single-mission solutions capable of withstanding entry velocities surpassing 10 km/s.
文摘The protection system for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)varieties,as an important policy tool to promote the development of TCM,has a long history of over 30 years,from the promulgation of the“Regulations on the Protection of Traditional Chinese Medicine Varieties”in 1992 to the comprehensive revision of the draft for soliciting opinions in 2022.The TCM protection system evolves to meet the needs of innovative development of TCM.This paper reviews the policy developments in TCM varieties protection,collates protection data(1993 to 2024),and analyzes enterprises application strategies amid impending regulatory changes.
基金supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1800604)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-41)the Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program,China。
文摘Avian metapneumovirus(aMPV),a paramyxovirus,causes acute respiratory diseases in turkeys and swollen head syndrome in chickens.This study established a reverse genetics system for aMPV subtype B LN16-A strain based on T7 RNA polymerase.Full-length cDNA of the LN16-A strain was constructed by assembling 5 cDNA fragments between the T7 promoter and hepatitis delta virus ribozyme.Transfection of this plasmid,along with the supporting plasmids encoding the N,P,M2-1,and L proteins of LN16-A into BSR-T7/5 cells,resulted in the recovery of aMPV subtype B.To identify an effective insertion site,the enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)gene was inserted into different sites of the LN16-A genome to generate recombinant LN16-As.The results showed that the expression levels of EGFP at the site between the G and L genes of LN16-A were significantly higher than those at the other two sites(between the leader and N genes or replacing the SH gene).To verify the availability of the site between G and L for foreign gene expression,the VP2 gene of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus(vvIBDV)was inserted into this site,and recombinant LN16-A(rLN16A-vvVP2)was successfully rescued.Single immunization of specificpathogen-free chickens with rLN16A-vvVP2 induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies and provided 100%protection against the virulent aMPV subtype B and vvIBDV.Establishing a reverse genetics system here provides an important foundation for understanding aMPV pathogenesis and developing novel vector vaccines.
基金The financial support by the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU)
文摘Deforestation remains one of the most imminent threats to biodiversity in the tropics.As such,its causes and dynamics need to be studied and understood to put a halt to further forest loss and degradation.In tropical countries such as Uganda,agricultural expansion and wood fuel demand are its leading drivers.While the establishment of protected areas is a key tool in conserving remaining forest biodiversity,results indicate that current management does not sufficiently provide alternatives to forest resources utilised by households and income provided from timber and non-timber forest products.Beyond safeguarding ecosystems,protected areas need to ensure the sustainable socioeconomic development of adjacent communities for effective biodiversity conservation–however,both management and research often neglect to consider all dimensions.In this study,we analysed five decades of forest cover change in the Mount Elgon region,Uganda,by conducting a remote sensing analysis of its protected areas using Landsat MSS and TM data from 1973-2023 in combination with literature and subsequent interview analysis to consider both the ecological and socioeconomic dimension.We applied a random forest approach to differentiate forest and non-forest areas and carried out a pixel-based change detection analysis to differentiate temporal and spatial changes.Throughout the study period of 50 years,forest cover has evolved dynamically within the boundaries of the protected areas of Mount Elgon.A significant decline was observed in both Mount Elgon National Park with a loss of-5.98%(-46.83km²)and Mount Elgon Biosphere Reserve with a loss of-14.96%(-134.33km²).Our results showcase a cycle of deforestation and afforestation that could be tied to a series of development initiatives,re-demarcation of boundaries,changes in management and recurring evictions.Overall,the results lead to the conclusion that the lack of sustainable and efficient management and funding has fostered the rate of deforestation and accelerated ecological degradation in the region,but that existing problems are also rooted in the land tenure history of the region.We recommend the proper implementation of participatory and long-term management approaches on the ground and to address the land rights issue to contribute to both socioeconomic wellbeing and sustainable conservation outcomes.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12161080)。
文摘This paper is concerned with a diffusive Ivlev-type predator-prey system with Smith growth and a protection zone. By discussing the existence and non-existence of positive solutions,we discover that the incorporation of the Smith growth function has enabled us to obtain a more precise criterion when judging the structure of bifurcation solutions, and determine a critical size for the protection zone. The results indicate that if the size of the protection zone is below the critical patch size, then the system has no positive steady state solution for excessively high intrinsic growth rates of predators. Conversely, if the size of the protection zone exceeds the critical patch size, there exists positive steady state solution regardless of how large the intrinsic growth rate of the predators is.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant No.72349002).
文摘Establishing and maintaining protected areas is a pivotal strategy for attaining the post-2020 biodiversity target. The conservation objectives of protected areas have shifted from a narrow emphasis on biodiversity to encompass broader considerations such as ecosystem stability, community resilience to climate change, and enhancement of human well-being. Given these multifaceted objectives, it is imperative to judiciously allocate resources to effectively conserve biodiversity by identifying strategically significant areas for conservation, particularly for mountainous areas. In this study, we evaluated the representativeness of the protected area network in the Qin ling Mountains concerning species diversity, ecosystem services, climate stability and ecological stability. The results indicate that some of the ecological indicators are spatially correlated with topographic gradient effects. The conservation priority areas predominantly lie in the northern foothills, the southeastern, and southwestern parts of the Qinling Mountain with areas concentrated at altitudes between 1,500-2,000 m and slopes between 40°-50° as hotspots. The conservation priority areas identified through the framework of inclusive conservation optimization account for 22.9 % of the Qinling Mountain. Existing protected areas comprise only 6.1 % of the Qinling Mountain and 13.18 % of the conservation priority areas. This will play an important role in achiev ing sustainable development in the region and in meeting the post-2020 biodiversity target. The framework can advance the different objectives of achieving a quadruple win and can also be extended to other regions.
文摘With the rapid development of Internet of things technology,the efficiency of data transmission between devices has been significantly improved.However,the open network environment also poses serious security risks.This paper proposes an innovative fingerprint template protection scheme,which generates key streams through an improved fourdimensional superchaotic system(4CSCS),uses the space-filling property of Hilbert curves to achieve pixel scrambling,and introduces dynamic DNA encoding to improve encryption.Experimental results show that this scheme has a large key space 2^(528),encrypts image information entropy of more than 7.9970,and shows excellent performance in defending against statistical attacks and differential attacks.Compared with existing methods,this scheme has significant advantages in terms of encryption performance and security,and provides a reliable protection mechanism for fingerprint authentication systems in the Internet of things environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52107126 and52077179)the Key Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund Project(No.2023YFB2303901)the funding of Chengdu Guojia Electrical Engineering Co.,Ltd.(No.NEEC-2022-B11).
文摘The regenerative braking energy utilization system(RBEUS)stands as a promising technique for improving the efficiency and power quality of electrified railways.Beyond the vital aspects of energy management and control strategies,ensuring fault protection is paramount for the secure and steady operation of the traction power supply system(TPSS)integrated with RBEUS.This paper introduces an innovative protection scheme tailored to diverse RBEUS application scenarios.Firstly,fault categories are streamlined into three levels:system,equipment,and warning.Subsequently,a novel multi-port active power differential protection method,aligned with RBEUS operational principles,is crafted to serve as a comprehensive and sensitive main protection.Building upon this foundation,a hierarchical protection structure for RBEUS is established,addressing the intricacies and variations in fault types while boosting anti-disturbance capabilities under faulty conditions.Embracing the principle of railway-oriented safety,a collaborative RBEUS-TPSS protection scheme is put forth.Finally,through simulated scenarios encompassing various fault conditions,the proposed scheme’s feasibility and effectiveness are convincingly validated.
基金the National Social Science Fund of China Youth Project“Research on the Application Dilemma and Solutions of the Appointed Guardianship Clauses in the Civil Code”(Project Approval Number 20CFX075).
文摘In a deeply aging society,the appointed guardianship system,as an important arrangement for the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly,still faces many practical difficulties.Typical examples include:during the decision-making stage of whether to choose appointed guardianship,the lack of professionalism and availability of appointed guardians can easily hinder the elderly from choosing to apply it;during the establishment stage of appointed guardianship,the limited rules related to the appointed guardianship agreement can easily lead to the frustration of the elderly’s subjective will;during the operation stage of appointed guardianship,the insufficient accountability mechanisms for appointed guardians can easily lead to the infringement of the personal or property rights of the elderly.By reflecting on its jurisprudential causes,it can be found that the current law largely ignores the orientation of appointed guardianship as a welfare for the elderly in social law,the concept of substantive equality in the appointed guardianship agreement,and the theoretical attributes of the appointed guardianship as a fiduciary relationship.Therefore,the appointed guardianship system in China should be systematically improved to fully release its institutional potential in the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly based on these jurisprudential principles.In particular,it is possible to consider actively promoting the“trust+appointed guardianship”model and cultivating a team of appointed guardians by the state based on the concept of elderly welfare;strengthening the protection of notarization procedures and the reasonable design of the appointed guardianship agreement based on the concept of substantive equality;and refining the fiduciary standards of appointed guardians and strengthening guardianship supervision based on the nature of fiduciary relationship.
文摘This paper proposes a numerical method to analyze the ice protection capability and predict the power requirements of a piezoelectric resonant de-icing system.The method is based on a coupled electro-mechanical finite element analysis which enables the fast computation of the modes of resonance of interest to de-ice curved surfaces and the estimation of the input voltage and current required for a given configuration(defined by its mode,actuator location,ice deposit,etc.).Eventually,the electric power to be supplied can be also assessed.The method is applied to a NACA 0024 leading edge equipped with piezoelectric actuators.First,two extension modes are analyzed and compared with respect to their efficiency and power requirements.Then,tests are carried out in an icing tunnel to verify the effectiveness of the piezoelectric ice protection system and the predictions of the maximal required power.The system allows de-icing the leading edge in less than 2 s for a glaze ice deposit.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China:Mechanism of Protective Effect of Acupoint Preconditioning on Myocardial Mitochondria and Energy Metabolism in Rats with Bupivacaine Toxicity(No.81760892)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA)intervention on myocardial protection and postoperative rehabilitation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).METHODS:Eight databases,including Pub Med,Embase,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Chinese Bio Medical Literature Database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Wanfang Data,China Science and Technology Journal Database,and two clinical trial registries,were searched.All randomized controlled trials(RCTs)related to EA intervention in cardiac surgery with CPB were collected.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,two researchers independently screened articles and extracted data.After the quality evaluation,RevMan 5.3 software was used for analysis.RESULTS:Fourteen RCTs involving 836 patients were included.Compared with the control treatment,EA significantly increased the incidence of cardiac automatic rebeat after aortic unclamping[relative risk(RR)=1.15,95%confidence interval(CI)(1.01,1.31),P<0.05;moderate].Twenty-four hours after aortic unclamping,EA significantly increased the superoxide dismutase[standardized mean difference(SMD)=0.96,95%CI(0.32,1.61),P<0.05;low],and interleukin(IL)-2[SMD=1.33,95%CI(0.19,2.47),P<0.05;very low]expression levels and decreased the malondialdehyde[SMD=-1.62,95%CI(-2.15,-1.09),P<0.05;moderate],tumour necrosis factor-α[SMD=-1.28,95%CI(-2.37,-0.19),P<0.05;moderate],and cardiac troponin I[SMD=-1.09,95%CI(-1.85,-0.32),P<0.05;low]expression levels as well as the inotrope scores[SMD=-0.77,95%CI(-1.22,-0.31),P<0.05;high].There was no difference in IL-6 and IL-10 expression levels.The amount of intraoperative sedative[SMD=-0.31,95%CI(-0.54,-0.09),P<0.05;moderate]and opioid analgesic[SMD=-0.96,95%CI(-1.53,-0.38),P<0.05;low]medication was significantly lower in the EA group than in the control group.Moreover,the postoperative tracheal intubation time[SMD=-0.92,95%CI(-1.40,-0.45),P<0.05;low]and intensive care unit stay[SMD=-1.71,95%CI(-3.06,-0.36),P<0.05;low]were significantly shorter in the EA group than in the control group.There were no differences in the time to get out of bed for the first time,total days of antibiotic use after surgery,or postoperative hospital stay.No adverse reactions related to EA were reported in any of the included studies.CONCLUSIONS:In cardiac surgery with CPB,EA may be a safe and effective strategy to reduce myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury and speed up the recovery of patients after surgery.These findings must be interpreted with caution,as most of the evidence was of low or moderate quality.More RCTs with larger sample sizes and higher quality are needed to provide more convincing evidence.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(2022BEG02003)the Excellent Member of Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y202085)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2023448).
文摘The development of bare patches typically signifies a process of ecosystem degradation.Within the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway,the extensive emergence of bare sand patches poses a threat to both stability and sustainability.However,there is limited knowledge regarding the morphology,dynamic changes,and ecological responses associated with these sand patches.Therefore,we analyzed the formation and development process of sand patches within the protection system and its effects on herbaceous vegetation growth and soil nutrients through field observation,survey,and indoor analysis methods.The results showed that sand patch development can be divided into three stages,i.e.,formation,expansion,and stabilization,which correspond to the initial,actively developing,and semi-fixed sand patches,respectively.The average dimensions of all sand patch erosional areas were found to be 7.72 m in length,3.91 m in width,and 0.32 m in depth.The actively developing sand patches were the largest,and the initial sand patches were the smallest.Throughout the stage of formation and expansion,the herbaceous community composition changed,and the plant density decreased by more than 50.95%.Moreover,the coverage and height of herbaceous plants decreased in the erosional area and slightly increased in the depositional lobe;and the fine particles and nutrients of soils in the erosional area and depositional lobe showed a decreasing trend.In the stabilization phases of sand patches,the area from the inlet to the bottom of sand patches becomes initially covered with crusts.Vegetation and 0-2 cm surface soil condition improved in the erosional area,but this improvement was not yet evident in the depositional lobe.Factors such as disturbance,climate change,and surface resistance to erosion exert notable influences on the formation and dynamics of sand patches.The results can provide evidence for the future treatment of sand patches and the management of the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway.
文摘Distributed generators now is widely used in electrical power networks, in some cases it works seasonally, and some types works at special weather conditions like photo voltaic systems and wind energy, and due to this continuous changes in generation condition, the fault current level in network will be affected, this changes in fault current level will affect in the coordination between protection relays and to keep the coordination at right way, an adaptive protection system is required that can adaptive its setting according to generation changes, the fault current level in each case is evaluated using ETAP software, and the required relay setting in each case is also evaluated using Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm, and to select suitable setting which required in each condition, to select the active setting group of protection relay according to generation capacity, central protection unite can be used, and to improve protection stability and minimizing relays tripping time, a proposed method for selecting suitable backup relay is used, which leads to decrease relays tripping time and increase system stability, output settings for relays in all cases achieved our constrains.
基金co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund of the European UnionGreek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness,Entrepreneurship and Innovation,under the call RESEARCH-CREATE-INNOVATE(project code:T1EDK-04429)。
文摘A philosophy for the design of novel,lightweight,multi-layered armor,referred to as Composite Armor Philosophy(CAP),which can adapt to the passive protection of light-,medium-,and heavy-armored vehicles,is presented in this study.CAP can serve as a guiding principle to assist designers in comprehending the distinct roles fulfilled by each component.The CAP proposal comprises four functional layers,organized in a suggested hierarchy of materials.Particularly notable is the inclusion of a ceramic-composite principle,representing an advanced and innovative solution in the field of armor design.This paper showcases real-world defense industry applications,offering case studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of this advanced approach.CAP represents a significant milestone in the history of passive protection,marking an evolutionary leap in the field.This philosophical approach provides designers with a powerful toolset with which to enhance the protection capabilities of military vehicles,making them more resilient and better equipped to meet the challenges of modern warfare.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52371049)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology(YESS,No.2020QNRC001)the National Science and Technology Resources Investigation Program of China(Nos.2021FY100603 and 2019FY101404)。
文摘The atmospheric corrosion monitoring(ACM)technique has been widely employed to track the real-time corrosion behavior of metal materials.However,limited studies have applied ACM to the corrosion protection properties of organic coatings.This study compared a bare epoxy coating with one containing zinc phosphate corrosion inhibitors,both applied on ACM sensors,to observe their corrosion protection properties over time.Coatings with artificial damage via scratches were exposed to immersion and alternating dry and wet environments,which allowed for monitoring galvanic corrosion currents in real-time.Throughout the corrosion tests,the ACM currents of the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating were considerably lower than those of the blank epoxy coating.The trend in ACM current variations closely matched the results obtained from regular electrochemical tests and surface analysis.This alignment highlights the potential of the ACM technique in evaluating the corrosion protection capabilities of organic coatings.Compared with the blank epoxy coating,the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating showed much-decreased ACM current values that confirmed the effective inhibition of zinc phosphate against steel corrosion beneath the damaged coating.
文摘Piezoelectric resonant de-icing systems are attracting great interest.This paper aims to assess the implementation of these systems at the aircraft level.The article begins with the model to compute the power requirement of a piezoelectric resonant de-icing system sized from the prototype detailed in Part 1/2 of this article.Then the mass,drag,and fuel consumption of this system and the subcomponents needed for its implementation are assessed.The features of a piezoelectric resonant de-icing system are finally computed for aircraft similar to Airbus A320 aircraft and aircraft of different categories(Boeing 787,ATR 72 and TBM 900)and compared with the existing thermal and mechanical ice protection systems.A sensitivity analysis of the main key sizing parameters of the piezoelectric de-icing system is also performed to identify the main axes of improvement for this technology.The study shows the potential of such ice protection systems.In particular,for the realistic input parameters chosen in this work,the electro-mechanical solution can provide a 54% reduction in terms of mass and a 92% reduction in terms of power consumption for an A320 aircraft architecture,leading to a 74% decrease in the associated fuel consumption compared to the actual air bleed system.
基金supported by“Regional Innovation Strategy(RIS)”through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)(2021RIS-004)supported by the Technology Development Program(S3230339)funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups(MSS,Korea).
文摘Non-face-to-face psychological counseling systems rely on network technologies to anonymize information regard-ing client identity.However,these systems often face challenges concerning voice data leaks and the suboptimal communication of the client’s non-verbal expressions,such as facial cues,to the counselor.This study proposes a metaverse-based psychological counseling system designed to enhance client identity protection while ensuring efficient information delivery to counselors during non-face-to-face counseling.The proposed systemincorporates a voicemodulation function that instantlymodifies/masks the client’s voice to safeguard their identity.Additionally,it employs real-time client facial expression recognition using an ensemble of decision trees to mirror the client’s non-verbal expressions through their avatar in the metaverse environment.The system is adaptable for use on personal computers and smartphones,offering users the flexibility to access metaverse-based psychological counseling across diverse environments.The performance evaluation of the proposed system confirmed that the voice modulation and real-time facial expression replication consistently achieve an average speed of 48.32 frames per second or higher,even when tested on the least powerful smartphone configurations.Moreover,a total of 550 actual psychological counseling sessions were conducted,and the average satisfaction rating reached 4.46 on a 5-point scale.This indicates that clients experienced improved identity protection compared to conventional non-face-to-face metaverse counseling approaches.Additionally,the counselor successfully addressed the challenge of conveying non-verbal cues from clients who typically struggled with non-face-to-face psychological counseling.The proposed systemholds significant potential for applications in interactive discussions and educational activities in the metaverse.
基金supported by the National Major Science and Technology Projects of China(J2019-Ⅲ-0010-0054).
文摘The efficiency of the aircraft Ice Protection Systems(IPSs)needs to be verified through icing wind tunnel tests.However,the scaling method for testing the IPSs has not been systematically established yet,and further research is needed.In the present study,a scaling method specifically designed for thermal IPSs was derived from the governing equation of thin water film.Five scaling parameters were adopted to address the heat and mass transfer involved in the thermal anti-icing process.For method validation,icing wind tunnel tests were conducted using a jet engine nacelle model equipped with a bleed air IPS.The non-dimensional surface temperature and runback ice closely matched for both the reference and scaled conditions.The validation confirms that the scaling method is capable of achieving the similarity of surface temperature and the runback ice coverage.The anti-icing scaling method can serve as an important supplement to the existing icing similarity theory.
