Tick studies in Malaysia have experienced a dynamic evolution characterized by periods of growth,stagnation,and the potential for revival.Beginning during the colonial era in the early 1900s,tick studies were primaril...Tick studies in Malaysia have experienced a dynamic evolution characterized by periods of growth,stagnation,and the potential for revival.Beginning during the colonial era in the early 1900s,tick studies were primarily conducted by European scientists and curators,establishing the foundation for tick taxonomy in the region.Pioneering works by George Henry Falknier Nuttall and Cecil Warburton introduced several new tick species,including Haemaphysalis(H.)calva,H.mjoebergi,H.vidua and H.wellingtoni[1].However,some records from this period are now considered doubtful,for instance Amblyomma(A.)breviscutatum,A.clypeolatum and A.integrum.The 1929 description of Ornithodoros batuensis by Stanley Hirst[2]marked the first documentation of a soft tick species in Malaysia,setting the stage for subsequent research endeavours.The Golden Age of tick studies(early 1950s-late 1980s)in Malaysia saw a surge in tick research activities.展开更多
Exploration budgets for primary battery metals-nickel,lithium and cobalt-tempered in 2024 at$1.697 billion,reflecting a marginal 0.4%decline and a virtually flat annual total,compared to$1.704 billion in 2023.Below is...Exploration budgets for primary battery metals-nickel,lithium and cobalt-tempered in 2024 at$1.697 billion,reflecting a marginal 0.4%decline and a virtually flat annual total,compared to$1.704 billion in 2023.Below is an introduction to the 2024 global exploration trends and prospects for lithium,cobalt,and nickel battery metals.展开更多
The tourism industry is one of the largest and fastest-growing sectors in the global market.It contributes towards complete growth and development of a country by bringing numerous economic value and benefit and helpi...The tourism industry is one of the largest and fastest-growing sectors in the global market.It contributes towards complete growth and development of a country by bringing numerous economic value and benefit and helping in building country’s brand value,image and identity.Eritrea has huge tourism potential owing to its natural,historical and cultural endowments.However,the tourism industry in Eritrea is only in its nascent stage.This study,therefore,try to identify and examine the major challenges of sustainable tourism development and its prospects.Primary data were collected from interview with different Ministry of Tourism authorities,travel agencies and tour operators’managers and owners.Secondary data were retrieved from annual reports of international tourism organizations,Ministry of Tourism,the State of Eritrea and other documented sources including magazines and relevant research and papers.The research concludes that Eritrea has great potential for the development of tourism.However,the tourism growth is blocked by specific factors such as poor image,inadequate tourism infrastructural and technological facilities,absence of coordination among tourism stakeholders and lack of skilled man power.This study will assist policymakers to understand the present challenges of the tourism industry and provide necessary recommendations to adopt appropriate strategies and mechanisms.展开更多
Ultra-high dose rate flash radiotherapy(FLASH-RT)has attracted wide attention in the field of radiotherapy in recent years.For FLASH-RT,radiation is delivered at a very high dose rate[usually thousands of times compar...Ultra-high dose rate flash radiotherapy(FLASH-RT)has attracted wide attention in the field of radiotherapy in recent years.For FLASH-RT,radiation is delivered at a very high dose rate[usually thousands of times compared with conventional radiotherapy(CONV-RT)]in an extremely short time.This novel irradiation technique shows a protective effect on normal tissues,also known as the flash effect.At the same time,FLASH-RT is comparable to CONV-RT in terms of tumorkilling efficacy.As basic research dedicates to uncover the mechanisms by which FLASH-RT reduces radiation-induced normal tissue damage,clinical trials of FLASH-RT have been gradually conducted worldwide.This article systematically reviews the evidence of the feasibility and safety of FLASH-RT in clinical practice and offers insights into the future translation of this technology in clinic.展开更多
This study focuses on the Gynostemma pentaphyllum industry in Pingli County, Shaanxi Province. Through literature analysis and data statistics, it systematically reviews the current status of cultivation, processing, ...This study focuses on the Gynostemma pentaphyllum industry in Pingli County, Shaanxi Province. Through literature analysis and data statistics, it systematically reviews the current status of cultivation, processing, sales, and research & development of G. pentaphyllum , identifies core industrial development issues, and proposes sustainable development strategies based on policy, market, and technological trends. The research reveals that Pingli County has established a large-scale cultivation and primary processing system for G. pentaphyllum , but faces challenges including insufficient development of high value-added products and weak brand influence. Future industrial upgrading should be achieved through technological innovation, brand building, and industrial chain extension.展开更多
Periprosthetic fracture of femur is a common and complex complication after joint replacement. With the increase of operation volume, its incidence is increasing year by year. The treatment of this fracture is affecte...Periprosthetic fracture of femur is a common and complex complication after joint replacement. With the increase of operation volume, its incidence is increasing year by year. The treatment of this fracture is affected by many factors, including fracture type, prosthesis stability, patient age and comorbidities, and individualized treatment strategy is needed. In recent years, the internal fixation technology and prosthetic revision technology have made significant progress in surgical treatment, such as locking steel plate, titanium cable and bridge combined internal fixation system and other new technologies have effectively improved the treatment effect. In addition, the application of new materials and 3D printing technology, as well as the optimization of multidisciplinary cooperation mode, also provide new ideas for the treatment of complex fractures. However, there are still some problems such as inaccurate diagnosis, difficult choice of treatment options and high incidence of postoperative complications. In the future, technological innovation, the introduction of artificial intelligence and big data, and the further development of personalized treatment will bring more possibilities to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients. This study summarizes the relevant research results and prospects the future development direction, providing references for clinical practice and subsequent research.展开更多
Competition in science and technology is the core of the national game in the new era.The construction of science and technology education,as an important force to promote national strategic scientific and technologic...Competition in science and technology is the core of the national game in the new era.The construction of science and technology education,as an important force to promote national strategic scientific and technological power,is highly valued by all countries.Three developed countries in science and technology,the United States,Japan,and the United Kingdom,are the main research objects for analyzing their science and technology education.Domestic research on science and technology education mainly focuses on the theoretical and practical research of science and technology education activities.In the future,it is necessary to learn from the experience of foreign countries in the development of science and technology education,explore the localization of science and technology education activities,strengthen the top-level design of science and technology education,and highlight the strategic transformation of the trinity of“education,science and technology,and talents.”展开更多
Remarkable achievements have been made in China＇s agricultural development since the late 1970s. Nevertheless, deep-rooted problems are arising from inefficient farming practices. From mid- and long-term perspectives...Remarkable achievements have been made in China＇s agricultural development since the late 1970s. Nevertheless, deep-rooted problems are arising from inefficient farming practices. From mid- and long-term perspectives, migration of China＇s agricultural labor will slow and large-scale operation of farmland will accelerate. Although grain supply and demand have maintained a tight balance, new potentials still exist in improving grain production. Under the pressures of resource and environmental constraints, advancing the green and efficient transition of agriculture will become a new trend in China＇s agricultural development. In this context, the treatment of agricultural pollution, supply-side structural reform and innovation of agricultural subsidy policy are of strategic significance to the transition and upgrade of China＇s agriculture.展开更多
In this paper,the research status of industrial ecology abroad is briefly introduced,and the development status of industrial ecology in China is summarized and evaluated,including research content,methods,application...In this paper,the research status of industrial ecology abroad is briefly introduced,and the development status of industrial ecology in China is summarized and evaluated,including research content,methods,applications,etc.At the same time,combined with the current needs of China s economic-social development,it looks forward to the future development direction and application prospects of industrial ecology.In the coming period,research on green transformation technologies for industrial structure and production methods,carbon peak routes and carbon reduction implementation paths for industrial systems,key technologies for adapting to climate change and achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality in priority areas,cross regional collaborative technologies for industrial chains,regional energy resource optimization and allocation technologies,efficient industrial agglomeration and collaboration technologies,multimedia composite pollution collaborative governance technologies,collaborative governance technologies for pollution and carbon reduction,multimedia comprehensive governance of multiple pollutants,and empirical theoretical systems of industrial ecology with Chinese characteristics will be the direction of industrial ecology research in China.展开更多
All-perovskite tandem solar cells(TSCs)consist of a wide-bandgap(WBG,1.75-1.8 eV)top subcell and a low-bandgap(LBG,1.2-1.3 eV)bottom subcell,exhibit superior power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)compared to single-junct...All-perovskite tandem solar cells(TSCs)consist of a wide-bandgap(WBG,1.75-1.8 eV)top subcell and a low-bandgap(LBG,1.2-1.3 eV)bottom subcell,exhibit superior power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)compared to single-junction perovskite solar cells(PSCs).In addition,the advantages of lowtemperature solution preparation and low manufactu ring cost make the all-perovskite tandem solar cells widely concerned,and are considered to be one of the most potential next-generation high-performance thin film photovoltaic technologies.In this perspective,we briefly summarize the state-of-the-art advances in monolithic all-perovskite TSCs focusing on the following aspects:LBG perovskite bottom subcells,WBG perovskite top subcells,and interconnecting layers(ICLs).We then discuss the primary strategies to improve their performa nce and finally highlight the perspective regarding the achievement of efficient and stable all-perovskite tandems.展开更多
Great changes have taken place in China＇s real estate market during the 12th Five-year Plan period. The real estate market has shifted from being undersupplied to having an equilibrium of supply and demand with regio...Great changes have taken place in China＇s real estate market during the 12th Five-year Plan period. The real estate market has shifted from being undersupplied to having an equilibrium of supply and demand with regional oversupply. Real estate risks in some cities have begun to emerge, but overall real estate risks remain controllable. Given the major changes taking place in the supply and demand of China＇s real estate market and the current stage of its development, it is projected that China＇s real estate investment growth will continue to slow down during the 13th Five-year Plan period and pressures on the renovation of inventory housing will intensify. According to the changes in the development of China＇s current real estate market, the objectives of real estate development will be adjusted to put a higher premium on the development level, the quality of real estate development, and the improvement of housing conditions. Reform and policy adjustments should be carried out to effectively prevent real estate market risks and to achieve stable operations inside the real estate market itself.展开更多
With the environmental deterioration caused by the advance of climate change, soil salinization is a serious and growing global problem. Currently about 7% of the world＇s land surface is threatened by salinization. C...With the environmental deterioration caused by the advance of climate change, soil salinization is a serious and growing global problem. Currently about 7% of the world＇s land surface is threatened by salinization. China is a country whose soils are severely affected by this problem, which, due to its extensive area, and wide distribution poses a serious threat to regional agricultural development. In this review, we summarize the framework for soil salinization research in China over the past 70 years, assess the weaknesses of existing research in both a domestic and international context, highlight the trends and key findings of global research about saline soils over the past 30 years, and propose six major fields and directions for future research on saline soil.展开更多
Since the 1950s, noteworthy farmland abandonment has been occurring in many developed countries and some developing countries. This global land use phenomenon has fundamentally altered extensive rural landscapes. A re...Since the 1950s, noteworthy farmland abandonment has been occurring in many developed countries and some developing countries. This global land use phenomenon has fundamentally altered extensive rural landscapes. A review of global farmland abandonment under the headings of ＂land use change - driving mechanisms - impacts and consequences - policy responses＂ found the following： （1） Farmland abandonment has occurred primarily in developed countries in Europe and North America, but the extent of abandonment has varied significantly. （2） Changing socio-economic factors were the primary driving forces for the farmland abandonment. And land marginalization was the fundamental cause, which was due to the drastic increase of farming opportunity cost, while the direct factor for abandonment was the shrink of agricultural labor forces. （3） Whether to abandon, to what extent and its spatial distributions were finally dependent on integrated effect from the physical conditions, laborer attributes, farming and regional socio-economic conditions at the village, household and parcel scales. With the exception of Eastern Europe, farmland abandonment was more likely to occur in mountainous and hilly areas, due to their unfavorable farming conditions. （4） A study of farmland abandonment should focus on its ecological and environmental effects, while which is more positive or more negative are still in dispute. （5） Increasing agricultural subsidies will be conductive to slowing the rate of farmland abandonment, but this is not the only measure that needs to be implemented. Due to China＇s rapid urbanization, there is a high probability that the rate of abandonment will increase in the near future. However, very little research has focused on this rapid land-use trend in China, and, as a result, there is an inadequate understanding of the dynamic mechanisms and consequences of this phenomenon. This paper concludes by suggesting some future directions for further research in China. These directions include monitoring regional and national abandonment dynamics, analyzing trends, assessing the risks and socio-economic effects of farmland abandonment, and informing policy making.展开更多
China was formed by amalgamation of several small continental blocks （cratons）, micro, blocks and orogenic belts in different paleoclimatic settings. It may be correlated with other continental blocks but has its ow...China was formed by amalgamation of several small continental blocks （cratons）, micro, blocks and orogenic belts in different paleoclimatic settings. It may be correlated with other continental blocks but has its own specific characteristics; therefore the tectonic environments of China＇s marine and continental saline basins and salt, and potash, forming environment have some specific characteristics： multiple phases of salt formation, difference in salt, forming ages, migration and concentration of salt, forming processes and diversity of component materials, as well as small sizes of marine saline basins and great changes of saline basins in the late stage and occurrence of abundant liquid mineral resources. The nature of the tectonic basement exerted a key controlling effect on the formation of potash basins. The stable tectonic region was favorable for potash concentration in a quasi, stable region, and quasi, and the quasi-stable region was favorable for salt concentration and potash formation in a local stable tectonic region. Most China＇s major ancient saline basins occur in ＂quasi, cratons （continental block）＂; especially all the marine saline basins occur in continental blocks with the Precambrian basement. These regions are the key ones for potash search. Most relatively large, scale soluble salt deposits are developed in relatively stable continental nuclei. According to the characteristics of the tectonic domains where China＇s salt, forming basins are located, the North China, Yangtze and Tarim, Qaidam salt minerogenetic domains and the northern Qiangtang, western Yunnan salt minerogenetic belt may be distinguished. Their salt and potash prospects will be discussed separately.展开更多
The articles on the pathogenesis of post-stroke depression(PSD)and the acupuncture treatment mechanism of PSD from January 2010 through to June 2020 were retrieved from China National knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wa...The articles on the pathogenesis of post-stroke depression(PSD)and the acupuncture treatment mechanism of PSD from January 2010 through to June 2020 were retrieved from China National knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,VIP China Science-Technology and National Social Sciences Database.In summary,the potential mechanism of acupuncture in treatment of PSD is explained from the following three aspects:acupuncture regulating monoamine neurotransmitters,acupuncture regulating neurotrophic factors and acupuncture regulating cytokines.The limitation and prospects of the current researches are also put forward so as to provide the references and to determine the research direction in the future.展开更多
Microneedles(MNs)can be used for the topical treatment of skin disorders as they directly deliver therapeutics to the site of skin lesions,resulting in increased therapeutic efficacy while having minimum side effects....Microneedles(MNs)can be used for the topical treatment of skin disorders as they directly deliver therapeutics to the site of skin lesions,resulting in increased therapeutic efficacy while having minimum side effects.MNs are used to deliver different kinds of therapeutics(e.g.,small molecules,macromolecules,nanomedicines,living cells,bacteria,and exosomes)for treating various skin disorders,including superficial tumors,wounds,skin infections,inflammatory skin diseases,and abnormal skin appearance.The therapeutic efficacy of MNs can be improved by integrating the advantages of multiple therapeutics to perform combination therapy.Through careful designing,MNs can be further modified with biomimetic structures for the responsive drug release from internal and external stimuli and to enhance the transdermal delivery efficiency for robust therapeutic outcomes.Some studies have proposed the use of drug-free MNs as a promising mechanotherapeutic strategy to promote wound healing,scar removal,and hair regeneration via a mechanical communication pathway.Although MNs have several advantages,the practical application of MNs suffers from problems related to industrial manufacture and clinical evaluation,making it difficult for clinical translation.In this study,we summarized the various applications,emerging challenges,and developmental prospects of MNs in skin disorders to provide information on ways to advance clinical translation.展开更多
Background: Galliformes are widely distributed throughout the world and economically important to humans as domesticated animals or gamebirds. They are at a unique position for advancing knowledge and techniques of wi...Background: Galliformes are widely distributed throughout the world and economically important to humans as domesticated animals or gamebirds. They are at a unique position for advancing knowledge and techniques of wildlife conservation as the barometer of the status of applied ecology. Populations of many galliform species have declined mainly due to habitat loss and over-hunting. An assessment of knowledge of Galliformes could help to provide guidelines for future research and conservation strategies.Methods: Using the Web of Science search engine, we conducted a literature review of galliform-related articles published from 1990 to 2016. We used the "research area" option to filter articles focused on the zoology, environmental sciences ecology, biodiversity conservation, forestry, behavioral sciences, reproductive biology, biochemistry and molecular biology, cell biology, genetics and heredity, evolutionary biology, physiology and developmental biology. We then checked duplication based on the title, abstract and full text. In addition, we examined the reference lists of selected studies to include the publications that were missed by above searching.Results: We retained 1874 articles related to the Galliformes from the initial 243,128 publications that were found. About 91.4% focused on one or two species, and 85.0% were conducted within a short duration, typically 1–2 years. The majority of the articles concentrated on macroscopic ecology(55.5%), mainly focusing on habitat selection or habitat use. With recent advances of molecular biology, the studies of taxonomy and phylogenetics rose quickly in last two decades. The study of physiology and biochemistry was no longer limited to simple description but expanded to the mechanisms of phenotype and micro-evolutionary potential. An additional area receiving increasing attention is the conservation of Galliformes, with the assessment of the conservation status and conservation management effectiveness of Galliformes(e.g. species diversity and genetic diversity) becoming the focus.Conclusions: The studies on Galliformes have made great achievements since 1990, but there are still gaps, particularly in macroscopic ecology, molecular genetics, and conservation. There is an urgent need to enhance long-term monitoring and analysis of population dynamics, and applying different disciplines to galliform conservation. Moreover, life history information of many galliform species is still lacking, which has hindered conservation efforts and effectiveness. In addition, multidiscipline studies and new technologies are not common for galliform studies, and should be encouraged.展开更多
Coal Washing Exploration in India dates back to 1900s; though, first coking coal washeries in India were installed after independence. At present, most of the coking coal washeries are owned by Public Sector Companies...Coal Washing Exploration in India dates back to 1900s; though, first coking coal washeries in India were installed after independence. At present, most of the coking coal washeries are owned by Public Sector Companies; whereas, most of the non-coking coal washeries are owned by Private Sector. Even after six decades of coal washing practices, there has not been significant development in the coal washing intelligentsia. Indian Coal Washing industry is still dependent on imported equipment, which has been designed to treat coal that is significantly different from Indian coal of drift origin. In this paper, authors have ventured into evolution of Indian Coal Washing Industry （with a focus on coking coal washing sector）, its present condition and future prospect for growth. The paper emphasizes need for developing indigenous solutions to industrial challenges and highlights importance of increased coordination among academia-research institutions and coal industry.展开更多
Monascus sp. has been widely applied for a long time in China. In recent years, the effective physiological active substances produced by Monascus sp. have been extensively investigated. The classification, cultivatio...Monascus sp. has been widely applied for a long time in China. In recent years, the effective physiological active substances produced by Monascus sp. have been extensively investigated. The classification, cultivation characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties, primary metabolites, secondary metabolites and application prospects of Monascus sp. were summarized and discussed in this paper.展开更多
Multiple sets of organic-rich shales developed in the Upper Paleozoic of the northwestern Guizhong Depression in South China. However, the exploration of these shales is presently at a relatively immature stage. The U...Multiple sets of organic-rich shales developed in the Upper Paleozoic of the northwestern Guizhong Depression in South China. However, the exploration of these shales is presently at a relatively immature stage. The Upper Paleozoic shales in the northwestern Guizhong Depression, including the Middle Devonian Luofu shale, the Nabiao shale, and the Lower Carboniferous Yanguan shale, were investigated in this study. Mineral composition analysis, organic matter analysis(including total organic carbon(TOC) content, maceral of kerogen and the vitrinite reflection(Ro)), pore characteristic analysis(including porosity and permeability, pore type identification by SEM, and pore size distribution by nitrogen sorption), methane isothermal sorption test were conducted, and the distribution and thickness of the shales were determined, Then the characteristics of the two target shales were illustrated and compared. The results show that the Upper Paleozoic shales have favorable organic matter conditions(mainly moderate to high TOC content, type Ⅰ and Ⅱ_1 kerogen and high to over maturity), good fracability potential(brittleness index(BI) > 40%), multiple pore types, stable distribution and effective thickness, and good methane sorption capacity. Therefore, the Upper Paleozoic shales in the northern Guizhong Depression have good shale gas potential and exploration prospects. Moreover, the average TOC content, average BI, thickness of the organic-rich shale(TOC > 2.0 wt%) and the shale gas resources of the Middle Devonian shales are better than those of the Lower Carboniferous shale. The Middle Devonian shales have better shale gas potential and exploration prospects than the Lower Carboniferous shales.展开更多
基金supported by the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence(HICoE)program(MO002-2019&TIDREC-2023)funded by the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine,Hamburg,Germany[100-TNCPI/INT 16/6/2(005/2020)].
文摘Tick studies in Malaysia have experienced a dynamic evolution characterized by periods of growth,stagnation,and the potential for revival.Beginning during the colonial era in the early 1900s,tick studies were primarily conducted by European scientists and curators,establishing the foundation for tick taxonomy in the region.Pioneering works by George Henry Falknier Nuttall and Cecil Warburton introduced several new tick species,including Haemaphysalis(H.)calva,H.mjoebergi,H.vidua and H.wellingtoni[1].However,some records from this period are now considered doubtful,for instance Amblyomma(A.)breviscutatum,A.clypeolatum and A.integrum.The 1929 description of Ornithodoros batuensis by Stanley Hirst[2]marked the first documentation of a soft tick species in Malaysia,setting the stage for subsequent research endeavours.The Golden Age of tick studies(early 1950s-late 1980s)in Malaysia saw a surge in tick research activities.
文摘Exploration budgets for primary battery metals-nickel,lithium and cobalt-tempered in 2024 at$1.697 billion,reflecting a marginal 0.4%decline and a virtually flat annual total,compared to$1.704 billion in 2023.Below is an introduction to the 2024 global exploration trends and prospects for lithium,cobalt,and nickel battery metals.
文摘The tourism industry is one of the largest and fastest-growing sectors in the global market.It contributes towards complete growth and development of a country by bringing numerous economic value and benefit and helping in building country’s brand value,image and identity.Eritrea has huge tourism potential owing to its natural,historical and cultural endowments.However,the tourism industry in Eritrea is only in its nascent stage.This study,therefore,try to identify and examine the major challenges of sustainable tourism development and its prospects.Primary data were collected from interview with different Ministry of Tourism authorities,travel agencies and tour operators’managers and owners.Secondary data were retrieved from annual reports of international tourism organizations,Ministry of Tourism,the State of Eritrea and other documented sources including magazines and relevant research and papers.The research concludes that Eritrea has great potential for the development of tourism.However,the tourism growth is blocked by specific factors such as poor image,inadequate tourism infrastructural and technological facilities,absence of coordination among tourism stakeholders and lack of skilled man power.This study will assist policymakers to understand the present challenges of the tourism industry and provide necessary recommendations to adopt appropriate strategies and mechanisms.
文摘Ultra-high dose rate flash radiotherapy(FLASH-RT)has attracted wide attention in the field of radiotherapy in recent years.For FLASH-RT,radiation is delivered at a very high dose rate[usually thousands of times compared with conventional radiotherapy(CONV-RT)]in an extremely short time.This novel irradiation technique shows a protective effect on normal tissues,also known as the flash effect.At the same time,FLASH-RT is comparable to CONV-RT in terms of tumorkilling efficacy.As basic research dedicates to uncover the mechanisms by which FLASH-RT reduces radiation-induced normal tissue damage,clinical trials of FLASH-RT have been gradually conducted worldwide.This article systematically reviews the evidence of the feasibility and safety of FLASH-RT in clinical practice and offers insights into the future translation of this technology in clinic.
基金Supported by National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202314390006)National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202414390005)Teaching Reform Project of Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University(25JG018Y).
文摘This study focuses on the Gynostemma pentaphyllum industry in Pingli County, Shaanxi Province. Through literature analysis and data statistics, it systematically reviews the current status of cultivation, processing, sales, and research & development of G. pentaphyllum , identifies core industrial development issues, and proposes sustainable development strategies based on policy, market, and technological trends. The research reveals that Pingli County has established a large-scale cultivation and primary processing system for G. pentaphyllum , but faces challenges including insufficient development of high value-added products and weak brand influence. Future industrial upgrading should be achieved through technological innovation, brand building, and industrial chain extension.
文摘Periprosthetic fracture of femur is a common and complex complication after joint replacement. With the increase of operation volume, its incidence is increasing year by year. The treatment of this fracture is affected by many factors, including fracture type, prosthesis stability, patient age and comorbidities, and individualized treatment strategy is needed. In recent years, the internal fixation technology and prosthetic revision technology have made significant progress in surgical treatment, such as locking steel plate, titanium cable and bridge combined internal fixation system and other new technologies have effectively improved the treatment effect. In addition, the application of new materials and 3D printing technology, as well as the optimization of multidisciplinary cooperation mode, also provide new ideas for the treatment of complex fractures. However, there are still some problems such as inaccurate diagnosis, difficult choice of treatment options and high incidence of postoperative complications. In the future, technological innovation, the introduction of artificial intelligence and big data, and the further development of personalized treatment will bring more possibilities to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients. This study summarizes the relevant research results and prospects the future development direction, providing references for clinical practice and subsequent research.
文摘Competition in science and technology is the core of the national game in the new era.The construction of science and technology education,as an important force to promote national strategic scientific and technological power,is highly valued by all countries.Three developed countries in science and technology,the United States,Japan,and the United Kingdom,are the main research objects for analyzing their science and technology education.Domestic research on science and technology education mainly focuses on the theoretical and practical research of science and technology education activities.In the future,it is necessary to learn from the experience of foreign countries in the development of science and technology education,explore the localization of science and technology education activities,strengthen the top-level design of science and technology education,and highlight the strategic transformation of the trinity of“education,science and technology,and talents.”
文摘Remarkable achievements have been made in China＇s agricultural development since the late 1970s. Nevertheless, deep-rooted problems are arising from inefficient farming practices. From mid- and long-term perspectives, migration of China＇s agricultural labor will slow and large-scale operation of farmland will accelerate. Although grain supply and demand have maintained a tight balance, new potentials still exist in improving grain production. Under the pressures of resource and environmental constraints, advancing the green and efficient transition of agriculture will become a new trend in China＇s agricultural development. In this context, the treatment of agricultural pollution, supply-side structural reform and innovation of agricultural subsidy policy are of strategic significance to the transition and upgrade of China＇s agriculture.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42477521).
文摘In this paper,the research status of industrial ecology abroad is briefly introduced,and the development status of industrial ecology in China is summarized and evaluated,including research content,methods,applications,etc.At the same time,combined with the current needs of China s economic-social development,it looks forward to the future development direction and application prospects of industrial ecology.In the coming period,research on green transformation technologies for industrial structure and production methods,carbon peak routes and carbon reduction implementation paths for industrial systems,key technologies for adapting to climate change and achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality in priority areas,cross regional collaborative technologies for industrial chains,regional energy resource optimization and allocation technologies,efficient industrial agglomeration and collaboration technologies,multimedia composite pollution collaborative governance technologies,collaborative governance technologies for pollution and carbon reduction,multimedia comprehensive governance of multiple pollutants,and empirical theoretical systems of industrial ecology with Chinese characteristics will be the direction of industrial ecology research in China.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(no.2022YFB4200303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.62174112)+2 种基金the Engineering Featured Team Fund of Sichuan University(no.2020SCUNG102)the Technical Application-Oriented Research Projects for Liaoning Provincial College of Communications(no.xyfzx202305)the Basic Research Projects for the Educational Department of Liaoning Province(LJ212411500014)。
文摘All-perovskite tandem solar cells(TSCs)consist of a wide-bandgap(WBG,1.75-1.8 eV)top subcell and a low-bandgap(LBG,1.2-1.3 eV)bottom subcell,exhibit superior power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)compared to single-junction perovskite solar cells(PSCs).In addition,the advantages of lowtemperature solution preparation and low manufactu ring cost make the all-perovskite tandem solar cells widely concerned,and are considered to be one of the most potential next-generation high-performance thin film photovoltaic technologies.In this perspective,we briefly summarize the state-of-the-art advances in monolithic all-perovskite TSCs focusing on the following aspects:LBG perovskite bottom subcells,WBG perovskite top subcells,and interconnecting layers(ICLs).We then discuss the primary strategies to improve their performa nce and finally highlight the perspective regarding the achievement of efficient and stable all-perovskite tandems.
文摘Great changes have taken place in China＇s real estate market during the 12th Five-year Plan period. The real estate market has shifted from being undersupplied to having an equilibrium of supply and demand with regional oversupply. Real estate risks in some cities have begun to emerge, but overall real estate risks remain controllable. Given the major changes taking place in the supply and demand of China＇s real estate market and the current stage of its development, it is projected that China＇s real estate investment growth will continue to slow down during the 13th Five-year Plan period and pressures on the renovation of inventory housing will intensify. According to the changes in the development of China＇s current real estate market, the objectives of real estate development will be adjusted to put a higher premium on the development level, the quality of real estate development, and the improvement of housing conditions. Reform and policy adjustments should be carried out to effectively prevent real estate market risks and to achieve stable operations inside the real estate market itself.
基金National Natural Science Foundation, No.40871255 The Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Nanjing University, No.2012CL14
文摘With the environmental deterioration caused by the advance of climate change, soil salinization is a serious and growing global problem. Currently about 7% of the world＇s land surface is threatened by salinization. China is a country whose soils are severely affected by this problem, which, due to its extensive area, and wide distribution poses a serious threat to regional agricultural development. In this review, we summarize the framework for soil salinization research in China over the past 70 years, assess the weaknesses of existing research in both a domestic and international context, highlight the trends and key findings of global research about saline soils over the past 30 years, and propose six major fields and directions for future research on saline soil.
基金The NSFC-IIASA Major International Joint Research Project,No.41161140352
文摘Since the 1950s, noteworthy farmland abandonment has been occurring in many developed countries and some developing countries. This global land use phenomenon has fundamentally altered extensive rural landscapes. A review of global farmland abandonment under the headings of ＂land use change - driving mechanisms - impacts and consequences - policy responses＂ found the following： （1） Farmland abandonment has occurred primarily in developed countries in Europe and North America, but the extent of abandonment has varied significantly. （2） Changing socio-economic factors were the primary driving forces for the farmland abandonment. And land marginalization was the fundamental cause, which was due to the drastic increase of farming opportunity cost, while the direct factor for abandonment was the shrink of agricultural labor forces. （3） Whether to abandon, to what extent and its spatial distributions were finally dependent on integrated effect from the physical conditions, laborer attributes, farming and regional socio-economic conditions at the village, household and parcel scales. With the exception of Eastern Europe, farmland abandonment was more likely to occur in mountainous and hilly areas, due to their unfavorable farming conditions. （4） A study of farmland abandonment should focus on its ecological and environmental effects, while which is more positive or more negative are still in dispute. （5） Increasing agricultural subsidies will be conductive to slowing the rate of farmland abandonment, but this is not the only measure that needs to be implemented. Due to China＇s rapid urbanization, there is a high probability that the rate of abandonment will increase in the near future. However, very little research has focused on this rapid land-use trend in China, and, as a result, there is an inadequate understanding of the dynamic mechanisms and consequences of this phenomenon. This paper concludes by suggesting some future directions for further research in China. These directions include monitoring regional and national abandonment dynamics, analyzing trends, assessing the risks and socio-economic effects of farmland abandonment, and informing policy making.
基金supported by projects of China Geological Survey(grants 1212010918025 and 1212010011810)National Natural Science Foundation of China and joint foundation(grants 40531002 and U0833601)
文摘China was formed by amalgamation of several small continental blocks （cratons）, micro, blocks and orogenic belts in different paleoclimatic settings. It may be correlated with other continental blocks but has its own specific characteristics; therefore the tectonic environments of China＇s marine and continental saline basins and salt, and potash, forming environment have some specific characteristics： multiple phases of salt formation, difference in salt, forming ages, migration and concentration of salt, forming processes and diversity of component materials, as well as small sizes of marine saline basins and great changes of saline basins in the late stage and occurrence of abundant liquid mineral resources. The nature of the tectonic basement exerted a key controlling effect on the formation of potash basins. The stable tectonic region was favorable for potash concentration in a quasi, stable region, and quasi, and the quasi-stable region was favorable for salt concentration and potash formation in a local stable tectonic region. Most China＇s major ancient saline basins occur in ＂quasi, cratons （continental block）＂; especially all the marine saline basins occur in continental blocks with the Precambrian basement. These regions are the key ones for potash search. Most relatively large, scale soluble salt deposits are developed in relatively stable continental nuclei. According to the characteristics of the tectonic domains where China＇s salt, forming basins are located, the North China, Yangtze and Tarim, Qaidam salt minerogenetic domains and the northern Qiangtang, western Yunnan salt minerogenetic belt may be distinguished. Their salt and potash prospects will be discussed separately.
文摘The articles on the pathogenesis of post-stroke depression(PSD)and the acupuncture treatment mechanism of PSD from January 2010 through to June 2020 were retrieved from China National knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,VIP China Science-Technology and National Social Sciences Database.In summary,the potential mechanism of acupuncture in treatment of PSD is explained from the following three aspects:acupuncture regulating monoamine neurotransmitters,acupuncture regulating neurotrophic factors and acupuncture regulating cytokines.The limitation and prospects of the current researches are also put forward so as to provide the references and to determine the research direction in the future.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104071)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2022B1515020085)Leading Entrepreneurship Team Project of Zengcheng District(202001004)。
文摘Microneedles(MNs)can be used for the topical treatment of skin disorders as they directly deliver therapeutics to the site of skin lesions,resulting in increased therapeutic efficacy while having minimum side effects.MNs are used to deliver different kinds of therapeutics(e.g.,small molecules,macromolecules,nanomedicines,living cells,bacteria,and exosomes)for treating various skin disorders,including superficial tumors,wounds,skin infections,inflammatory skin diseases,and abnormal skin appearance.The therapeutic efficacy of MNs can be improved by integrating the advantages of multiple therapeutics to perform combination therapy.Through careful designing,MNs can be further modified with biomimetic structures for the responsive drug release from internal and external stimuli and to enhance the transdermal delivery efficiency for robust therapeutic outcomes.Some studies have proposed the use of drug-free MNs as a promising mechanotherapeutic strategy to promote wound healing,scar removal,and hair regeneration via a mechanical communication pathway.Although MNs have several advantages,the practical application of MNs suffers from problems related to industrial manufacture and clinical evaluation,making it difficult for clinical translation.In this study,we summarized the various applications,emerging challenges,and developmental prospects of MNs in skin disorders to provide information on ways to advance clinical translation.
基金supported by the funded by the National Key Programme of Research and 422 Development,Ministry of Science and Technology(2016YFC0503200)
文摘Background: Galliformes are widely distributed throughout the world and economically important to humans as domesticated animals or gamebirds. They are at a unique position for advancing knowledge and techniques of wildlife conservation as the barometer of the status of applied ecology. Populations of many galliform species have declined mainly due to habitat loss and over-hunting. An assessment of knowledge of Galliformes could help to provide guidelines for future research and conservation strategies.Methods: Using the Web of Science search engine, we conducted a literature review of galliform-related articles published from 1990 to 2016. We used the "research area" option to filter articles focused on the zoology, environmental sciences ecology, biodiversity conservation, forestry, behavioral sciences, reproductive biology, biochemistry and molecular biology, cell biology, genetics and heredity, evolutionary biology, physiology and developmental biology. We then checked duplication based on the title, abstract and full text. In addition, we examined the reference lists of selected studies to include the publications that were missed by above searching.Results: We retained 1874 articles related to the Galliformes from the initial 243,128 publications that were found. About 91.4% focused on one or two species, and 85.0% were conducted within a short duration, typically 1–2 years. The majority of the articles concentrated on macroscopic ecology(55.5%), mainly focusing on habitat selection or habitat use. With recent advances of molecular biology, the studies of taxonomy and phylogenetics rose quickly in last two decades. The study of physiology and biochemistry was no longer limited to simple description but expanded to the mechanisms of phenotype and micro-evolutionary potential. An additional area receiving increasing attention is the conservation of Galliformes, with the assessment of the conservation status and conservation management effectiveness of Galliformes(e.g. species diversity and genetic diversity) becoming the focus.Conclusions: The studies on Galliformes have made great achievements since 1990, but there are still gaps, particularly in macroscopic ecology, molecular genetics, and conservation. There is an urgent need to enhance long-term monitoring and analysis of population dynamics, and applying different disciplines to galliform conservation. Moreover, life history information of many galliform species is still lacking, which has hindered conservation efforts and effectiveness. In addition, multidiscipline studies and new technologies are not common for galliform studies, and should be encouraged.
文摘Coal Washing Exploration in India dates back to 1900s; though, first coking coal washeries in India were installed after independence. At present, most of the coking coal washeries are owned by Public Sector Companies; whereas, most of the non-coking coal washeries are owned by Private Sector. Even after six decades of coal washing practices, there has not been significant development in the coal washing intelligentsia. Indian Coal Washing industry is still dependent on imported equipment, which has been designed to treat coal that is significantly different from Indian coal of drift origin. In this paper, authors have ventured into evolution of Indian Coal Washing Industry （with a focus on coking coal washing sector）, its present condition and future prospect for growth. The paper emphasizes need for developing indigenous solutions to industrial challenges and highlights importance of increased coordination among academia-research institutions and coal industry.
文摘Monascus sp. has been widely applied for a long time in China. In recent years, the effective physiological active substances produced by Monascus sp. have been extensively investigated. The classification, cultivation characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties, primary metabolites, secondary metabolites and application prospects of Monascus sp. were summarized and discussed in this paper.
基金the financial support of the National Science and Technology Major Project of 2011ZX05005-003-008HZthe Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Geological Survey Bureau(No.201713)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41572110)
文摘Multiple sets of organic-rich shales developed in the Upper Paleozoic of the northwestern Guizhong Depression in South China. However, the exploration of these shales is presently at a relatively immature stage. The Upper Paleozoic shales in the northwestern Guizhong Depression, including the Middle Devonian Luofu shale, the Nabiao shale, and the Lower Carboniferous Yanguan shale, were investigated in this study. Mineral composition analysis, organic matter analysis(including total organic carbon(TOC) content, maceral of kerogen and the vitrinite reflection(Ro)), pore characteristic analysis(including porosity and permeability, pore type identification by SEM, and pore size distribution by nitrogen sorption), methane isothermal sorption test were conducted, and the distribution and thickness of the shales were determined, Then the characteristics of the two target shales were illustrated and compared. The results show that the Upper Paleozoic shales have favorable organic matter conditions(mainly moderate to high TOC content, type Ⅰ and Ⅱ_1 kerogen and high to over maturity), good fracability potential(brittleness index(BI) > 40%), multiple pore types, stable distribution and effective thickness, and good methane sorption capacity. Therefore, the Upper Paleozoic shales in the northern Guizhong Depression have good shale gas potential and exploration prospects. Moreover, the average TOC content, average BI, thickness of the organic-rich shale(TOC > 2.0 wt%) and the shale gas resources of the Middle Devonian shales are better than those of the Lower Carboniferous shale. The Middle Devonian shales have better shale gas potential and exploration prospects than the Lower Carboniferous shales.
