Published proof test coverage(PTC)estimates for emergency shutdown valves(ESDVs)show only moderate agreement and are predominantly opinion-based.A Failure Modes,Effects,and Diagnostics Analysis(FMEDA)was undertaken us...Published proof test coverage(PTC)estimates for emergency shutdown valves(ESDVs)show only moderate agreement and are predominantly opinion-based.A Failure Modes,Effects,and Diagnostics Analysis(FMEDA)was undertaken using component failure rate data to predict PTC for a full stroke test and a partial stroke test.Given the subjective and uncertain aspects of the FMEDA approach,specifically the selection of component failure rates and the determination of the probability of detecting failure modes,a Fuzzy Inference System(FIS)was proposed to manage the data,addressing the inherent uncertainties.Fuzzy inference systems have been used previously for various FMEA type assessments,but this is the first time an FIS has been employed for use with FMEDA.ESDV PTC values were generated from both the standard FMEDA and the fuzzy-FMEDA approaches using data provided by FMEDA experts.This work demonstrates that fuzzy inference systems can address the subjectivity inherent in FMEDA data,enabling reliable estimates of ESDV proof test coverage for both full and partial stroke tests.This facilitates optimized maintenance planning while ensuring safety is not compromised.展开更多
This paper introduces the Integrated Security Embedded Resilience Architecture (ISERA) as an advanced resilience mechanism for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) environments. The ISERA f...This paper introduces the Integrated Security Embedded Resilience Architecture (ISERA) as an advanced resilience mechanism for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) environments. The ISERA framework integrates security by design principles, micro-segmentation, and Island Mode Operation (IMO) to enhance cyber resilience and ensure continuous, secure operations. The methodology deploys a Forward-Thinking Architecture Strategy (FTAS) algorithm, which utilises an industrial Intrusion Detection System (IDS) implemented with Python’s Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) library. The FTAS algorithm successfully identified and responded to cyber-attacks, ensuring minimal system disruption. ISERA has been validated through comprehensive testing scenarios simulating Denial of Service (DoS) attacks and malware intrusions, at both the IT and OT layers where it successfully mitigates the impact of malicious activity. Results demonstrate ISERA’s efficacy in real-time threat detection, containment, and incident response, thus ensuring the integrity and reliability of critical infrastructure systems. ISERA’s decentralised approach contributes to global net zero goals by optimising resource use and minimising environmental impact. By adopting a decentralised control architecture and leveraging virtualisation, ISERA significantly enhances the cyber resilience and sustainability of critical infrastructure systems. This approach not only strengthens defences against evolving cyber threats but also optimises resource allocation, reducing the system’s carbon footprint. As a result, ISERA ensures the uninterrupted operation of essential services while contributing to broader net zero goals.展开更多
文摘Published proof test coverage(PTC)estimates for emergency shutdown valves(ESDVs)show only moderate agreement and are predominantly opinion-based.A Failure Modes,Effects,and Diagnostics Analysis(FMEDA)was undertaken using component failure rate data to predict PTC for a full stroke test and a partial stroke test.Given the subjective and uncertain aspects of the FMEDA approach,specifically the selection of component failure rates and the determination of the probability of detecting failure modes,a Fuzzy Inference System(FIS)was proposed to manage the data,addressing the inherent uncertainties.Fuzzy inference systems have been used previously for various FMEA type assessments,but this is the first time an FIS has been employed for use with FMEDA.ESDV PTC values were generated from both the standard FMEDA and the fuzzy-FMEDA approaches using data provided by FMEDA experts.This work demonstrates that fuzzy inference systems can address the subjectivity inherent in FMEDA data,enabling reliable estimates of ESDV proof test coverage for both full and partial stroke tests.This facilitates optimized maintenance planning while ensuring safety is not compromised.
基金funded by the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets(Ofgem)and supported by De Montfort University(DMU)and Nottingham Trent University(NTU),UK.
文摘This paper introduces the Integrated Security Embedded Resilience Architecture (ISERA) as an advanced resilience mechanism for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) environments. The ISERA framework integrates security by design principles, micro-segmentation, and Island Mode Operation (IMO) to enhance cyber resilience and ensure continuous, secure operations. The methodology deploys a Forward-Thinking Architecture Strategy (FTAS) algorithm, which utilises an industrial Intrusion Detection System (IDS) implemented with Python’s Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) library. The FTAS algorithm successfully identified and responded to cyber-attacks, ensuring minimal system disruption. ISERA has been validated through comprehensive testing scenarios simulating Denial of Service (DoS) attacks and malware intrusions, at both the IT and OT layers where it successfully mitigates the impact of malicious activity. Results demonstrate ISERA’s efficacy in real-time threat detection, containment, and incident response, thus ensuring the integrity and reliability of critical infrastructure systems. ISERA’s decentralised approach contributes to global net zero goals by optimising resource use and minimising environmental impact. By adopting a decentralised control architecture and leveraging virtualisation, ISERA significantly enhances the cyber resilience and sustainability of critical infrastructure systems. This approach not only strengthens defences against evolving cyber threats but also optimises resource allocation, reducing the system’s carbon footprint. As a result, ISERA ensures the uninterrupted operation of essential services while contributing to broader net zero goals.
