The concentration of development projects near protected areas can undermine their conservation objectives.This study examines the impact of such projects on wildlife abundance in Campo-Ma’an National Park(CMNP).Info...The concentration of development projects near protected areas can undermine their conservation objectives.This study examines the impact of such projects on wildlife abundance in Campo-Ma’an National Park(CMNP).Information from the CMNP Conservation Department was analysed to investigate the link between development projects around the park and changes in wildlife populations,and analysis was conducted using statistical tools,including Excel 2020 and SPSS.Pearson’s correlation coefficient was employed to assess the relationship between wildlife abundance indicators and the number of development projects surrounding the park.The findings reveal a significant decline in the abundance of key species,including elephants,great apes(such as gorillas and chimpanzees),and mandrills,over the past decade.Although a brief period of improvement was observed in the early 2010s,these gains were quickly reversed.Overall,the pattern shows that as development activities increased,wildlife numbers tended to decrease.These results underscore the urgent need for stricter regulation of development near the park and for comprehensive environmental and social impact assessments to be conducted before projects commencement.This process must receive greater attention from authorities and stakeholders to regulate activities around national parks and foster conservation efforts.Strengthening this oversight will help to maintain the park’s ecological integrity and promote sustainable conservation.展开更多
A direct as well as iterative method(called the orthogonally accumulated projection method, or the OAP for short) for solving linear system of equations with symmetric coefficient matrix is introduced in this paper. W...A direct as well as iterative method(called the orthogonally accumulated projection method, or the OAP for short) for solving linear system of equations with symmetric coefficient matrix is introduced in this paper. With the Lanczos process the OAP creates a sequence of mutually orthogonal vectors, on the basis of which the projections of the unknown vectors are easily obtained, and thus the approximations to the unknown vectors can be simply constructed by a combination of these projections. This method is an application of the accumulated projection technique proposed recently by the authors of this paper, and can be regarded as a match of conjugate gradient method(CG) in its nature since both the CG and the OAP can be regarded as iterative methods, too. Unlike the CG method which can be only used to solve linear systems with symmetric positive definite coefficient matrices, the OAP can be used to handle systems with indefinite symmetric matrices. Unlike classical Krylov subspace methods which usually ignore the issue of loss of orthogonality, OAP uses an effective approach to detect the loss of orthogonality and a restart strategy is used to handle the loss of orthogonality.Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the OAP.展开更多
文摘The concentration of development projects near protected areas can undermine their conservation objectives.This study examines the impact of such projects on wildlife abundance in Campo-Ma’an National Park(CMNP).Information from the CMNP Conservation Department was analysed to investigate the link between development projects around the park and changes in wildlife populations,and analysis was conducted using statistical tools,including Excel 2020 and SPSS.Pearson’s correlation coefficient was employed to assess the relationship between wildlife abundance indicators and the number of development projects surrounding the park.The findings reveal a significant decline in the abundance of key species,including elephants,great apes(such as gorillas and chimpanzees),and mandrills,over the past decade.Although a brief period of improvement was observed in the early 2010s,these gains were quickly reversed.Overall,the pattern shows that as development activities increased,wildlife numbers tended to decrease.These results underscore the urgent need for stricter regulation of development near the park and for comprehensive environmental and social impact assessments to be conducted before projects commencement.This process must receive greater attention from authorities and stakeholders to regulate activities around national parks and foster conservation efforts.Strengthening this oversight will help to maintain the park’s ecological integrity and promote sustainable conservation.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91430108 and 11171251)the Major Program of Tianjin University of Finance and Economics (Grant No. ZD1302)
文摘A direct as well as iterative method(called the orthogonally accumulated projection method, or the OAP for short) for solving linear system of equations with symmetric coefficient matrix is introduced in this paper. With the Lanczos process the OAP creates a sequence of mutually orthogonal vectors, on the basis of which the projections of the unknown vectors are easily obtained, and thus the approximations to the unknown vectors can be simply constructed by a combination of these projections. This method is an application of the accumulated projection technique proposed recently by the authors of this paper, and can be regarded as a match of conjugate gradient method(CG) in its nature since both the CG and the OAP can be regarded as iterative methods, too. Unlike the CG method which can be only used to solve linear systems with symmetric positive definite coefficient matrices, the OAP can be used to handle systems with indefinite symmetric matrices. Unlike classical Krylov subspace methods which usually ignore the issue of loss of orthogonality, OAP uses an effective approach to detect the loss of orthogonality and a restart strategy is used to handle the loss of orthogonality.Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the OAP.
