Based on simplified calculations of one-dimensional wave systems,loading pressure platform curves of Al-Cu gradient materials(GMs)impactor were designed.The Al-Cu GMs were prepared using tape-pressing sintering,and th...Based on simplified calculations of one-dimensional wave systems,loading pressure platform curves of Al-Cu gradient materials(GMs)impactor were designed.The Al-Cu GMs were prepared using tape-pressing sintering,and their acoustic properties were characterized to match the design path.The parallelism of the Al-Cu GM was confirmed using a three-dimensional surface profilometry machine.A one-stage light-gas gun was used to launch the Al-Cu GM,impacting an Al-LiF target at a velocity of 400 m/s.The results of the experimental strain rate demonstrate that the Al-Cu GMs can realize the precise control of the strain rate within the range of 10^(4)‒10^(5)/s in the high-speed impact experiments.展开更多
A spice formulation study in Burkina Faso was carried out using local ingredients for the benefit of households. The objective of this study was to propose some spice formulations based on local ingredients in order t...A spice formulation study in Burkina Faso was carried out using local ingredients for the benefit of households. The objective of this study was to propose some spice formulations based on local ingredients in order to reduce the use of chemical spices in the preparation of different dishes. The Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology was used for the formulation of the spices and their physicochemical, nutritional and sensory characteristics were evaluated by standardized and standard methods. The results obtained showed lipid contents (g/100 g DM) ranging from 10.41 ± 0.26 to 15.64 ± 0.68, total sugars from 4.39 ± 0.32 to 5.46 ± 0.31, protein from 3.65 ± 0.17 to 12.04 ± 0.35 and ash from 5.83 ± 0.01 to 7.02 ± 0.01. The polyphenol content ranged from 9.09 ± 1.60 to 11.33 ± 0.90, and the flavonoid content ranged from 0.65 ± 0.03 to 1.08 ± 0.13. The sensory analysis carried out showed that the spices have generally satisfactory organoleptic characteristics. These results constitute new information in the diet of populations and are an alternative to the chemical spices used in their cooking.展开更多
This study explores a novel educational model of generative AI-empowered interdisciplinary project-based learning(PBL).By analyzing the current applications of generative AI technology in information technology curric...This study explores a novel educational model of generative AI-empowered interdisciplinary project-based learning(PBL).By analyzing the current applications of generative AI technology in information technology curricula,it elucidates its advantages and operational mechanisms in interdisciplinary PBL.Combining case studies and empirical research,the investigation proposes implementation pathways and strategies for the generative AI-enhanced interdisciplinary PBL model,detailing specific applications across three phases:project preparation,implementation,and evaluation.The research demonstrates that generative AI-enabled interdisciplinary project-based learning can effectively enhance students’learning motivation,interdisciplinary thinking capabilities,and innovative competencies,providing new conceptual frameworks and practical approaches for educational model innovation.展开更多
The“Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening Curriculum Reform to Fulfill the Fundamental Task of Strengthening Moral Education”,issued by China’s Ministry of Education in 2015,explicitly identified Project-Based Lear...The“Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening Curriculum Reform to Fulfill the Fundamental Task of Strengthening Moral Education”,issued by China’s Ministry of Education in 2015,explicitly identified Project-Based Learning(PBL)as a key strategy for cultivating students’core competencies.Since then,PBL has been widely implemented as a pilot initiative in primary and secondary schools,gaining increasing influence.Analyzing the intellectual foundations of PBL research in China can offer valuable insights into its theoretical and practical dimensions.This study uses CiteSpace to examine 156 PBL-related articles from the CSSCI database,revealing that the knowledge base of PBL research is primarily built on two major domains.The first is the theoretical foundation,characterized by frequently cited literature focusing on the conceptual framework,educational value,interdisciplinary approaches,core competency cultivation,and instructional objectives of PBL.The second is empirical research,where highly cited studies include case analyses across K–12 settings,general high schools,and higher education institutions.Moving forward,future research on PBL should explore its meaning and value from a dual-subject and integrated perspective,expand case studies to include vocational education,and further promote the interdisciplinary development of core competencies through PBL.展开更多
Based on the study of the Mechanical Design and Automation major and its relevance to teaching reform in higher education engineering programs,a project-based teaching model was introduced.This approach integrates tea...Based on the study of the Mechanical Design and Automation major and its relevance to teaching reform in higher education engineering programs,a project-based teaching model was introduced.This approach integrates teaching design,scheme argumentation,and the implementation of teaching activities with the project serving as the central framework.Course knowledge points are derived from the project topics,forming the foundation for a structured knowledge framework.The course content is modularized in alignment with the project design,enabling students to engage with professional courses on a module-by-module basis,guided by the project.Each course utilizes the project topic as a practical case,facilitating project-led teaching.A teaching system tailored to the research project is proposed,establishing a professional course structure closely linked to the project objectives.展开更多
In an era defined by complex,interconnected challenges like climate change,pandemics,and resource depletion,the traditional siloed approach to science education is proving increasingly insufficient.Interdisciplinary p...In an era defined by complex,interconnected challenges like climate change,pandemics,and resource depletion,the traditional siloed approach to science education is proving increasingly insufficient.Interdisciplinary project-based learning represents a promising path forward in science education,fostering integrated and holistic learning experiences that move beyond isolated subject learning.Grounded in philosophical ideas of holism,pragmatism,constructivism,and transcendentalism,this article presents a case project illustrating the practical application of interdisciplinary project-based learning.This project engages students in integrating concepts from biology,chemistry,earth science,engineering,and social studies.Through phased activities-research and planning,data collection,implementation,and presentation-students develop a decent understanding of real-world problems while fostering skills in collaboration,problem-solving,and a sense of civic responsibility.Additionally,strategies are proposed to navigate the challenges associated with implementing interdisciplinary project-based learning,including aligning projects with standards,investing in professional development,leveraging community resources,and building support from stakeholders.展开更多
In this work,the selected icebreaker model experiment is performed in a towing tank.We focus on the influence of seawater salinity on ship ice resistance in the ice floe field and the innovative ice model and ship mod...In this work,the selected icebreaker model experiment is performed in a towing tank.We focus on the influence of seawater salinity on ship ice resistance in the ice floe field and the innovative ice model and ship model test technology,including the similitude rule of ship model tests,test principles,and validation with full-scale ship data.A formula for calculating the relationship between the temperature and salinity of the water is constructed,which can be used to simulate the role of seawater in freshwater ice pools.On this basis,the effect of salinity on the resistance of ships sailing in broken ice fields is studied.A technique in which artificial ice made of polyethylene spheres is used to simulate ice resistance is proposed.With a series of ship model experiments in spherical and triangular ice fields,the effects of salinity and velocity on the ice resistance test of the ship model are analyzed.A relationship of the ice resistance of the ship model to the spherical ice field and the triangular ice field is proposed.The conversion results are consistent with onsite data of the full-size ship,which verifies the method of converting the test results of the ship model to the prototype.展开更多
In the development framework of engineering colleges,the cultivation of students’practical ability has received unprecedented attention.Based on the actual situation of the experimental teaching of the bridge directi...In the development framework of engineering colleges,the cultivation of students’practical ability has received unprecedented attention.Based on the actual situation of the experimental teaching of the bridge direction of the road and bridge specialty in our school,the targeted teaching experiment reform was carried out,and the comprehensive experiment of the positioning of the crack observation grade steel bar of the reinforced concrete beam was customized,so that the students were fully trained in the application of professional software,experimental hands-on skills,information data analysis and processing,and bridge detection ability.It broadens students’practical ability and professional vision,and lays a good foundation for future work and employment.展开更多
A series of scaled model aircraft ditching tests are performed by launch facility system in Hydraulics Laboratory.According to the measured pitch angle,acceleration and pressure history,research on the impact characte...A series of scaled model aircraft ditching tests are performed by launch facility system in Hydraulics Laboratory.According to the measured pitch angle,acceleration and pressure history,research on the impact characteristic of ditching is conducted.To solve the problem of cavitation effect which may occur in full scale aircraft,the action mechanism and effect of cavitation are studied,and an innovative experimental simulation measure is taken.It is shown that the cavitation bar directly and effectively separates aircraft bottom from water surface and therefore reduces negative pressure,thus enhancing the authenticity of the test results.The dynamic responses including stability and overload after impacting water at different initial pitch angles are analyzed to find the optimum one,which turns out to be heavily dependent on the bottom curvature of fuselage,and rebound phenomenon occurs when pitch angle exceeds a certain value because of the huge positive pressure acting at the spray root on rear fuselage.In addition,the influences of descent rate and horizontal velocity are analyzed.The results show that the descent rate mainly affects the overall load,which is of higher level of importance,while the horizontal velocity mainly affects the load of local structure.展开更多
This study focuses on exploring the practical path of Micro Project-Based Learning from the perspective of integrated unit teaching,aiming to address the issue of integrating the Project Section with other sections in...This study focuses on exploring the practical path of Micro Project-Based Learning from the perspective of integrated unit teaching,aiming to address the issue of integrating the Project Section with other sections in the new junior high school English textbook published by Shanghai Education Press.Based on two rounds of action research,a micro-project design framework is constructed,which includes“unit micro-project design”,“micro-project-based unit teaching”,“micro-project achievement display”,and“evaluation and reflection”.Practice shows that with the guidance of task lists and scaffolding support,this framework effectively promotes the integration of subject knowledge and the development of students’core competence,providing a transferable implementation paradigm for integrated unit teaching.展开更多
Cavitation is an unavoidable phenomenon in the operation of centrifugal pumps.Prolonged cavitation can cause significant damage to the components of the flow channel,and in severe cases,it may even interfere with the ...Cavitation is an unavoidable phenomenon in the operation of centrifugal pumps.Prolonged cavitation can cause significant damage to the components of the flow channel,and in severe cases,it may even interfere with the normal energy exchange processes within the pump.Therefore,effective monitoring of cavitation in centrifugal pumps is crucial.This article presents a study that approaches the issue from an acoustic perspective,using experimental methods to gather and analyze acoustic data at the inlet and outlet of centrifugal pumps across various flow rates,with hydrophones as the primary measuring instruments.Results show that flow rate significantly affects noise levels in both non-cavitation and mild cavitation stages,with noise increasing as the flow rate rises.As the cavitation margin(NPSHa)decreases,inlet and outlet noise trends diverge:inlet noise drops sharply,while outlet noise initially increases before sharply decreasing.Both exhibit a distinct zone of abrupt change,where NPSHa values offer earlier cavitation detection than traditional methods.The noise at the pump’s inlet and outlet primarily consists of discrete and broadband noise,with most energy concentrated at discrete frequencies—shaft frequency(24 Hz),blade frequency(144 Hz),and their harmonics.As NPSHa decreases,the inlet’s discrete and broadband noise frequencies decline,while they increase at the outlet.Monitoring changes in these spectrum characteristics provides an additional means of predicting cavitation onset.展开更多
Evolutionary experiments provide a unique lens through which to observe the impacts of natural selection on crop evolution,domestication,and adaptation through empirical evidence.Enabled by modern technologies—such a...Evolutionary experiments provide a unique lens through which to observe the impacts of natural selection on crop evolution,domestication,and adaptation through empirical evidence.Enabled by modern technologies—such as the development of large-scale,structured evolving populations,high-throughput phenotyping,and genomics-driven genetics studies—the transition from theoretical evolutionary biology to practical application is now possible for staple crops.The century-long Barley Composite Cross II(CCII)competition experiment has offered invaluable insights into understanding the genomic and phenotypic basis of natural and artificial selection driven by environmental adaptation during crop evolution and domestication.These experiments enable scientists to measure evolutionary dynamics,in real time,of genetic diversity,adaptation of fitness-associated traits,and the trade-offs inherent in selective processes.Beyond advancing our understanding of evolutionary biology and agricultural practices,these studies provide critical insights into addressing global challenges,from ensuring food security to fostering resilience in human societies.展开更多
Thermal conductivity is an important physical parameter in thermal equipment,in the blast furnace,rotary kiln and other equipment,multi-layer cylindrical wall is extremely important in industrial production of a therm...Thermal conductivity is an important physical parameter in thermal equipment,in the blast furnace,rotary kiln and other equipment,multi-layer cylindrical wall is extremely important in industrial production of a thermal conductivity model,its thermal conductivity coefficient determines the ability of the cylindrical wall,which results in the existence of a large number of multi-layer cylinder thermal conductivity problems of the pitfalls.This paper focuses on the establishment of a mathematical model of the multi-layer cylinder thermal conductivity problem,by applying different voltages to the multi-layer cylinder wall,study the temperature distribution of the multi-layer cylinder wall under the conditions of natural convection and forced convection,and draw the line graphs under the conditions of natural convection and forced convection by Origin software,and finally conclude that:under the same conditions,the forced convection is significantly stronger than the natural convection;under the conditions of different voltages,the multi-layer cylinder wall under the conditions of steady state convection,the forced convection is much stronger than natural convection.Under different voltage conditions,the temperature of the multilayer cylinder wall under steady state conditions increases with the increase of voltage,which provides a strong support for the related research.展开更多
This study investigates the vibration characteristics of bolted-flange-joined conical-cylindrical shells(BFJCCSs)through both theoretical analysis and experimental testing.The proposed model incorporates the pressure ...This study investigates the vibration characteristics of bolted-flange-joined conical-cylindrical shells(BFJCCSs)through both theoretical analysis and experimental testing.The proposed model incorporates the pressure distribution within the bolted joint and accounts for the flange effect.The energy expressions for the conical and cylindrical shells are derived from Donnell's shell theory,while those for the flanges are obtained from the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory.The Lagrange equation is used to derive the dynamic equation,and the experimental studies on the BFJCCS are conducted to validate the accuracy of the model.Subsequently,the comprehensive effects of bolt loosening and bolt number on the frequency parameters are analyzed.Additionally,the effects of the flange dimensions and cone angle on the vibration behavior of the BFJCCS are discussed.In particular,the dynamic differences between the welded conical-cylindrical shell(WCCS)and BFJCCS are investigated.It is found that compared with the WCCS,the fundamental frequency of the BFJCCS is reduced by 7.6%,and the corresponding modal damping ratio is reduced by 21.0%.However,the high-order frequencies of the BFJCCS are higher than those of the WCCS,accompanied by a higher modal damping ratio.Compared with the bolt loosening degree,the bolt number has a more significant effect on frequencies.As the bolt number decreases,the impact of the bolt loosening degree diminishes gradually.展开更多
High-pressure and high-temperature(HPHT)experiments in large-volume presses(LVPs)benefit from reliable,available,and affordable heaters to achieve stable and homogeneous heating and,in some circumstances,X-ray transpa...High-pressure and high-temperature(HPHT)experiments in large-volume presses(LVPs)benefit from reliable,available,and affordable heaters to achieve stable and homogeneous heating and,in some circumstances,X-ray transparency for monitoring of properties of an in situ experiment using X-ray diffraction and contrast imaging techniques.We have developed heaters meeting the above requirements,and we screen the ternary system TiB2–SiC–hexagonal(h)BN(denoted as TSB)to enable manufacture of X-ray transparent heaters for HPHT runs.Heaters fabricated using optimized TSB-631(60%TiB2–30%SiC–10%hBN by weight)have been tested in modified truncated assemblies,showing excellent performance up to 22 GPa and 2395 K in HPHT runs.TSB-631 has good ceramic machinability,outstanding reproducibility,high stability,and negligible temperature gradient for runs at 3–7 GPa with cell assemblies with truncated edge lengths of 8–12 mm.The fabricated heaters not only show excellent performance in HPHT runs,but also demonstrate high X-ray transparency over a wide X-ray wavelength region,indicating potential applications for in situ X-ray diffraction/imaging under HPHT conditions in LVPs and other high-pressure apparatus.展开更多
The solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer,formed on the electrode through electrolyte decomposition,has garnered significant attention over the past several decades.Numerous characterization studies have shown that t...The solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer,formed on the electrode through electrolyte decomposition,has garnered significant attention over the past several decades.Numerous characterization studies have shown that the SEI enhances the stability of both the electrolyte and electrode,particularly by mitigating the well-known cation-solvent co-intercalation in graphite electrodes in lithium-ion batteries.However,recent electrolyte exchange experiments have revealed that variations in electrolyte solvation structure and the resulting desolvation behaviors play a more dominant role than the SEI in influencing electrolyte and electrode stability,which in turn critically impacts battery performance.In addition to contributing to the ongoing debate,electrolyte exchange experiments have proven to be a valuable tool for analyzing failures in electrolytes,electrodes,and batteries.This review highlights the application of electrolyte exchange experiments across various metal-ion batteries,incorporating diverse combinations of electrolytes and electrodes.It examines the influence of electrolyte solvation structures and desolvation behaviors on the stability of both electrolytes and electrodes.The aim is to enhance the methodology of electrolyte exchange experiments to deepen the understanding of the molecular interactions among metal ions,anions,and solvents within the electrolyte.This approach complements existing insights into SEI effects,providing a more thorough and accurate framework for battery failure analysis.展开更多
Correction:J Cotton Res 8,27(2025)https://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-025-00228-y During the publication process of the original article(Soltani Toularoud et al.2025),the article title has been wrongly captured.Te article ...Correction:J Cotton Res 8,27(2025)https://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-025-00228-y During the publication process of the original article(Soltani Toularoud et al.2025),the article title has been wrongly captured.Te article title should be corrected from:of butisanstar and clopyralid herbicides on Gos-sypium hirsutum L.growth:insights from a pot experiment to:Residual efects of butisanstar and clopyralid herbi-cides on Gossypium hirsutum L.growth:insights from a pot experiment Te original article(Soltani Toularoud et al.2025)has been updated.Te publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for the inconvenience caused.展开更多
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with high-throughput experimentation (HTE) techniques is revolutionizing catalyst design, addressing challenges in efficiency, cost, and scalability. This review explore...The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with high-throughput experimentation (HTE) techniques is revolutionizing catalyst design, addressing challenges in efficiency, cost, and scalability. This review explores the synergistic application of AI and HTE, highlighting their role in accelerating catalyst discovery, optimizing reaction parameters, and understanding structure-performance relationships. HTE facilitates the rapid preparation, characterization, and evaluation of diverse catalyst formulations, generating large datasets essential for AI model training. Machine learning algorithms, including regression models, neural networks, and active learning frameworks, analyze these datasets to uncover the underlying relationships between the data, predict performance, and optimize experimental workflows in real-time. Case studies across heterogeneous, homogeneous, and electrocatalysis demonstrate significant advancements, including improved reaction selectivity, enhanced material stability, and shorten discovery cycles. The integration of AI with HTE has significantly accelerated discovery cycles, enabling the optimization of catalyst formulations and reaction conditions. Despite these achievements, challenges remain, including reliance on researcher expertise, real-time adaptability, and the complexity of large-scale data analysis. Addressing these limitations through refined experimental protocols, standardized datasets, and interpretable AI models will unlock the full potential of AI-HTE integration.展开更多
A cased well model consists of a coaxial tank and casing,which houses coaxially installed transmitting and receiving coils.The transmitting coil is excited by the current produced by the transmitting circuit,and trans...A cased well model consists of a coaxial tank and casing,which houses coaxially installed transmitting and receiving coils.The transmitting coil is excited by the current produced by the transmitting circuit,and transient electromagnetic responses occur in the casing,including direct coupling and casing responses.As the range between the transmitting and receiving coils increases,direct coupling responses decay rapidly,are less than the casing response at 0.3 m,and disappear at 0.7 m.By contrast,a casing response increases rapidly and then declines slowly after reaching a peak and changes little within a specifi c range.The peak decreases slowly with range.The continuous addition of water to the tank causes slight changes in transient electromagnetic responses,so the diff erence which are subtracted from the response without water is used.Moreover,the diff erences at the time of rapid increase in response and the time of rapid decrease in response are large,forming a peak and a trough.Given that the conductivity of water in a full tank changes after the addition of salt,the diff erence in the peak is linear with the increase in the conductivity of water.This result provides an experimental basis for the design of a transient electromagnetic logging instrument that measures the conductivity of formation in cased well.展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2024AFB432)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52171045,12302436,52302095)Research Fund of Jianghan University(2023JCYJ05)。
文摘Based on simplified calculations of one-dimensional wave systems,loading pressure platform curves of Al-Cu gradient materials(GMs)impactor were designed.The Al-Cu GMs were prepared using tape-pressing sintering,and their acoustic properties were characterized to match the design path.The parallelism of the Al-Cu GM was confirmed using a three-dimensional surface profilometry machine.A one-stage light-gas gun was used to launch the Al-Cu GM,impacting an Al-LiF target at a velocity of 400 m/s.The results of the experimental strain rate demonstrate that the Al-Cu GMs can realize the precise control of the strain rate within the range of 10^(4)‒10^(5)/s in the high-speed impact experiments.
文摘A spice formulation study in Burkina Faso was carried out using local ingredients for the benefit of households. The objective of this study was to propose some spice formulations based on local ingredients in order to reduce the use of chemical spices in the preparation of different dishes. The Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology was used for the formulation of the spices and their physicochemical, nutritional and sensory characteristics were evaluated by standardized and standard methods. The results obtained showed lipid contents (g/100 g DM) ranging from 10.41 ± 0.26 to 15.64 ± 0.68, total sugars from 4.39 ± 0.32 to 5.46 ± 0.31, protein from 3.65 ± 0.17 to 12.04 ± 0.35 and ash from 5.83 ± 0.01 to 7.02 ± 0.01. The polyphenol content ranged from 9.09 ± 1.60 to 11.33 ± 0.90, and the flavonoid content ranged from 0.65 ± 0.03 to 1.08 ± 0.13. The sensory analysis carried out showed that the spices have generally satisfactory organoleptic characteristics. These results constitute new information in the diet of populations and are an alternative to the chemical spices used in their cooking.
文摘This study explores a novel educational model of generative AI-empowered interdisciplinary project-based learning(PBL).By analyzing the current applications of generative AI technology in information technology curricula,it elucidates its advantages and operational mechanisms in interdisciplinary PBL.Combining case studies and empirical research,the investigation proposes implementation pathways and strategies for the generative AI-enhanced interdisciplinary PBL model,detailing specific applications across three phases:project preparation,implementation,and evaluation.The research demonstrates that generative AI-enabled interdisciplinary project-based learning can effectively enhance students’learning motivation,interdisciplinary thinking capabilities,and innovative competencies,providing new conceptual frameworks and practical approaches for educational model innovation.
基金Provincial-Level Quality Engineering Project,Preschool Education Teacher Training Base of Fuyang Normal University(Project No.:2023cyts023)University-Level Research Team Project,Collaborative Innovation Center for Basic Education in Northern Anhui(Project No.:kytd202418)。
文摘The“Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening Curriculum Reform to Fulfill the Fundamental Task of Strengthening Moral Education”,issued by China’s Ministry of Education in 2015,explicitly identified Project-Based Learning(PBL)as a key strategy for cultivating students’core competencies.Since then,PBL has been widely implemented as a pilot initiative in primary and secondary schools,gaining increasing influence.Analyzing the intellectual foundations of PBL research in China can offer valuable insights into its theoretical and practical dimensions.This study uses CiteSpace to examine 156 PBL-related articles from the CSSCI database,revealing that the knowledge base of PBL research is primarily built on two major domains.The first is the theoretical foundation,characterized by frequently cited literature focusing on the conceptual framework,educational value,interdisciplinary approaches,core competency cultivation,and instructional objectives of PBL.The second is empirical research,where highly cited studies include case analyses across K–12 settings,general high schools,and higher education institutions.Moving forward,future research on PBL should explore its meaning and value from a dual-subject and integrated perspective,expand case studies to include vocational education,and further promote the interdisciplinary development of core competencies through PBL.
基金The 2023 Qingdao Institute of Technology Campus-Level Teaching and Research Project“Research on Project-Based Teaching Model for Engineering Majors in Colleges and Universities”(2023JY005)。
文摘Based on the study of the Mechanical Design and Automation major and its relevance to teaching reform in higher education engineering programs,a project-based teaching model was introduced.This approach integrates teaching design,scheme argumentation,and the implementation of teaching activities with the project serving as the central framework.Course knowledge points are derived from the project topics,forming the foundation for a structured knowledge framework.The course content is modularized in alignment with the project design,enabling students to engage with professional courses on a module-by-module basis,guided by the project.Each course utilizes the project topic as a practical case,facilitating project-led teaching.A teaching system tailored to the research project is proposed,establishing a professional course structure closely linked to the project objectives.
基金supported by the Anhui Provincial Education Science Research Program titled“Research on the Construction and Application of Evaluation Frameworks for Interdisciplinary Practical Activities in Primary School Science”(JKT25114)the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Program of Anhui Higher Education Institutions(2022AH052117).
文摘In an era defined by complex,interconnected challenges like climate change,pandemics,and resource depletion,the traditional siloed approach to science education is proving increasingly insufficient.Interdisciplinary project-based learning represents a promising path forward in science education,fostering integrated and holistic learning experiences that move beyond isolated subject learning.Grounded in philosophical ideas of holism,pragmatism,constructivism,and transcendentalism,this article presents a case project illustrating the practical application of interdisciplinary project-based learning.This project engages students in integrating concepts from biology,chemistry,earth science,engineering,and social studies.Through phased activities-research and planning,data collection,implementation,and presentation-students develop a decent understanding of real-world problems while fostering skills in collaboration,problem-solving,and a sense of civic responsibility.Additionally,strategies are proposed to navigate the challenges associated with implementing interdisciplinary project-based learning,including aligning projects with standards,investing in professional development,leveraging community resources,and building support from stakeholders.
基金financially supported by Jiangsu Province University(High Tech Ship)Collaborative Innovation Center(Grant No.XTCXKY20230008).
文摘In this work,the selected icebreaker model experiment is performed in a towing tank.We focus on the influence of seawater salinity on ship ice resistance in the ice floe field and the innovative ice model and ship model test technology,including the similitude rule of ship model tests,test principles,and validation with full-scale ship data.A formula for calculating the relationship between the temperature and salinity of the water is constructed,which can be used to simulate the role of seawater in freshwater ice pools.On this basis,the effect of salinity on the resistance of ships sailing in broken ice fields is studied.A technique in which artificial ice made of polyethylene spheres is used to simulate ice resistance is proposed.With a series of ship model experiments in spherical and triangular ice fields,the effects of salinity and velocity on the ice resistance test of the ship model are analyzed.A relationship of the ice resistance of the ship model to the spherical ice field and the triangular ice field is proposed.The conversion results are consistent with onsite data of the full-size ship,which verifies the method of converting the test results of the ship model to the prototype.
基金Experimental Teaching Reform Project of Liaoning University of Science and Technology,Experimental Teaching Reform of Concrete Member Crack Observation and Reinforcement Location(Project No.:SYJG202419)。
文摘In the development framework of engineering colleges,the cultivation of students’practical ability has received unprecedented attention.Based on the actual situation of the experimental teaching of the bridge direction of the road and bridge specialty in our school,the targeted teaching experiment reform was carried out,and the comprehensive experiment of the positioning of the crack observation grade steel bar of the reinforced concrete beam was customized,so that the students were fully trained in the application of professional software,experimental hands-on skills,information data analysis and processing,and bridge detection ability.It broadens students’practical ability and professional vision,and lays a good foundation for future work and employment.
基金supported by the National Project for Large Aircraft of China。
文摘A series of scaled model aircraft ditching tests are performed by launch facility system in Hydraulics Laboratory.According to the measured pitch angle,acceleration and pressure history,research on the impact characteristic of ditching is conducted.To solve the problem of cavitation effect which may occur in full scale aircraft,the action mechanism and effect of cavitation are studied,and an innovative experimental simulation measure is taken.It is shown that the cavitation bar directly and effectively separates aircraft bottom from water surface and therefore reduces negative pressure,thus enhancing the authenticity of the test results.The dynamic responses including stability and overload after impacting water at different initial pitch angles are analyzed to find the optimum one,which turns out to be heavily dependent on the bottom curvature of fuselage,and rebound phenomenon occurs when pitch angle exceeds a certain value because of the huge positive pressure acting at the spray root on rear fuselage.In addition,the influences of descent rate and horizontal velocity are analyzed.The results show that the descent rate mainly affects the overall load,which is of higher level of importance,while the horizontal velocity mainly affects the load of local structure.
基金this paper is funded by Project Information:2023 Guangdong Undergraduate Colleges and Universities Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project Construction Project,Project Name:Action Research on Whole-area Nurturing of English Reading Teaching in Universities,Secondary and Primary Schools under the Perspective of Discipline Nurturing.Project serial number:895.
文摘This study focuses on exploring the practical path of Micro Project-Based Learning from the perspective of integrated unit teaching,aiming to address the issue of integrating the Project Section with other sections in the new junior high school English textbook published by Shanghai Education Press.Based on two rounds of action research,a micro-project design framework is constructed,which includes“unit micro-project design”,“micro-project-based unit teaching”,“micro-project achievement display”,and“evaluation and reflection”.Practice shows that with the guidance of task lists and scaffolding support,this framework effectively promotes the integration of subject knowledge and the development of students’core competence,providing a transferable implementation paradigm for integrated unit teaching.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Research Project No.52169018).
文摘Cavitation is an unavoidable phenomenon in the operation of centrifugal pumps.Prolonged cavitation can cause significant damage to the components of the flow channel,and in severe cases,it may even interfere with the normal energy exchange processes within the pump.Therefore,effective monitoring of cavitation in centrifugal pumps is crucial.This article presents a study that approaches the issue from an acoustic perspective,using experimental methods to gather and analyze acoustic data at the inlet and outlet of centrifugal pumps across various flow rates,with hydrophones as the primary measuring instruments.Results show that flow rate significantly affects noise levels in both non-cavitation and mild cavitation stages,with noise increasing as the flow rate rises.As the cavitation margin(NPSHa)decreases,inlet and outlet noise trends diverge:inlet noise drops sharply,while outlet noise initially increases before sharply decreasing.Both exhibit a distinct zone of abrupt change,where NPSHa values offer earlier cavitation detection than traditional methods.The noise at the pump’s inlet and outlet primarily consists of discrete and broadband noise,with most energy concentrated at discrete frequencies—shaft frequency(24 Hz),blade frequency(144 Hz),and their harmonics.As NPSHa decreases,the inlet’s discrete and broadband noise frequencies decline,while they increase at the outlet.Monitoring changes in these spectrum characteristics provides an additional means of predicting cavitation onset.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1000100)the National Key R&D Program of China(grant number 2023YFA0914600)to SFC.
文摘Evolutionary experiments provide a unique lens through which to observe the impacts of natural selection on crop evolution,domestication,and adaptation through empirical evidence.Enabled by modern technologies—such as the development of large-scale,structured evolving populations,high-throughput phenotyping,and genomics-driven genetics studies—the transition from theoretical evolutionary biology to practical application is now possible for staple crops.The century-long Barley Composite Cross II(CCII)competition experiment has offered invaluable insights into understanding the genomic and phenotypic basis of natural and artificial selection driven by environmental adaptation during crop evolution and domestication.These experiments enable scientists to measure evolutionary dynamics,in real time,of genetic diversity,adaptation of fitness-associated traits,and the trade-offs inherent in selective processes.Beyond advancing our understanding of evolutionary biology and agricultural practices,these studies provide critical insights into addressing global challenges,from ensuring food security to fostering resilience in human societies.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(Grant No.2023-MSLH-314)he 2024 Yingkou Institute of Technology Campus level Scientific Research Project(FDL202408)+1 种基金The Foundation of Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratoryof Energy Storageand Utilization(GrantNo.CNNK202406)Yingkou Instituteof Technology campus level research project-Development of food additive supercriticalextraction equipment and fluid transmission systemresearch(Grant No.HX202427).
文摘Thermal conductivity is an important physical parameter in thermal equipment,in the blast furnace,rotary kiln and other equipment,multi-layer cylindrical wall is extremely important in industrial production of a thermal conductivity model,its thermal conductivity coefficient determines the ability of the cylindrical wall,which results in the existence of a large number of multi-layer cylinder thermal conductivity problems of the pitfalls.This paper focuses on the establishment of a mathematical model of the multi-layer cylinder thermal conductivity problem,by applying different voltages to the multi-layer cylinder wall,study the temperature distribution of the multi-layer cylinder wall under the conditions of natural convection and forced convection,and draw the line graphs under the conditions of natural convection and forced convection by Origin software,and finally conclude that:under the same conditions,the forced convection is significantly stronger than the natural convection;under the conditions of different voltages,the multi-layer cylinder wall under the conditions of steady state convection,the forced convection is much stronger than natural convection.Under different voltage conditions,the temperature of the multilayer cylinder wall under steady state conditions increases with the increase of voltage,which provides a strong support for the related research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12272088)the Out-standing Youth Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(No.2024JH3/50100013)。
文摘This study investigates the vibration characteristics of bolted-flange-joined conical-cylindrical shells(BFJCCSs)through both theoretical analysis and experimental testing.The proposed model incorporates the pressure distribution within the bolted joint and accounts for the flange effect.The energy expressions for the conical and cylindrical shells are derived from Donnell's shell theory,while those for the flanges are obtained from the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory.The Lagrange equation is used to derive the dynamic equation,and the experimental studies on the BFJCCS are conducted to validate the accuracy of the model.Subsequently,the comprehensive effects of bolt loosening and bolt number on the frequency parameters are analyzed.Additionally,the effects of the flange dimensions and cone angle on the vibration behavior of the BFJCCS are discussed.In particular,the dynamic differences between the welded conical-cylindrical shell(WCCS)and BFJCCS are investigated.It is found that compared with the WCCS,the fundamental frequency of the BFJCCS is reduced by 7.6%,and the corresponding modal damping ratio is reduced by 21.0%.However,the high-order frequencies of the BFJCCS are higher than those of the WCCS,accompanied by a higher modal damping ratio.Compared with the bolt loosening degree,the bolt number has a more significant effect on frequencies.As the bolt number decreases,the impact of the bolt loosening degree diminishes gradually.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22090041 and 22401297)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2022B1515120014).
文摘High-pressure and high-temperature(HPHT)experiments in large-volume presses(LVPs)benefit from reliable,available,and affordable heaters to achieve stable and homogeneous heating and,in some circumstances,X-ray transparency for monitoring of properties of an in situ experiment using X-ray diffraction and contrast imaging techniques.We have developed heaters meeting the above requirements,and we screen the ternary system TiB2–SiC–hexagonal(h)BN(denoted as TSB)to enable manufacture of X-ray transparent heaters for HPHT runs.Heaters fabricated using optimized TSB-631(60%TiB2–30%SiC–10%hBN by weight)have been tested in modified truncated assemblies,showing excellent performance up to 22 GPa and 2395 K in HPHT runs.TSB-631 has good ceramic machinability,outstanding reproducibility,high stability,and negligible temperature gradient for runs at 3–7 GPa with cell assemblies with truncated edge lengths of 8–12 mm.The fabricated heaters not only show excellent performance in HPHT runs,but also demonstrate high X-ray transparency over a wide X-ray wavelength region,indicating potential applications for in situ X-ray diffraction/imaging under HPHT conditions in LVPs and other high-pressure apparatus.
基金supported by the Jilin Provincial Scientific and Technological Development Program(YDZJ202401572ZYTS)the Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation of China(D18012)+1 种基金Education Department of Jilin Province(JJKH20240678KJ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22122904,22109155,22379136)。
文摘The solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer,formed on the electrode through electrolyte decomposition,has garnered significant attention over the past several decades.Numerous characterization studies have shown that the SEI enhances the stability of both the electrolyte and electrode,particularly by mitigating the well-known cation-solvent co-intercalation in graphite electrodes in lithium-ion batteries.However,recent electrolyte exchange experiments have revealed that variations in electrolyte solvation structure and the resulting desolvation behaviors play a more dominant role than the SEI in influencing electrolyte and electrode stability,which in turn critically impacts battery performance.In addition to contributing to the ongoing debate,electrolyte exchange experiments have proven to be a valuable tool for analyzing failures in electrolytes,electrodes,and batteries.This review highlights the application of electrolyte exchange experiments across various metal-ion batteries,incorporating diverse combinations of electrolytes and electrodes.It examines the influence of electrolyte solvation structures and desolvation behaviors on the stability of both electrolytes and electrodes.The aim is to enhance the methodology of electrolyte exchange experiments to deepen the understanding of the molecular interactions among metal ions,anions,and solvents within the electrolyte.This approach complements existing insights into SEI effects,providing a more thorough and accurate framework for battery failure analysis.
文摘Correction:J Cotton Res 8,27(2025)https://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-025-00228-y During the publication process of the original article(Soltani Toularoud et al.2025),the article title has been wrongly captured.Te article title should be corrected from:of butisanstar and clopyralid herbicides on Gos-sypium hirsutum L.growth:insights from a pot experiment to:Residual efects of butisanstar and clopyralid herbi-cides on Gossypium hirsutum L.growth:insights from a pot experiment Te original article(Soltani Toularoud et al.2025)has been updated.Te publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for the inconvenience caused.
基金supported by the Special Project of National Natural Science Foundation(42341204)the the National Natural Science Foundation of China(W2411009).
文摘The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with high-throughput experimentation (HTE) techniques is revolutionizing catalyst design, addressing challenges in efficiency, cost, and scalability. This review explores the synergistic application of AI and HTE, highlighting their role in accelerating catalyst discovery, optimizing reaction parameters, and understanding structure-performance relationships. HTE facilitates the rapid preparation, characterization, and evaluation of diverse catalyst formulations, generating large datasets essential for AI model training. Machine learning algorithms, including regression models, neural networks, and active learning frameworks, analyze these datasets to uncover the underlying relationships between the data, predict performance, and optimize experimental workflows in real-time. Case studies across heterogeneous, homogeneous, and electrocatalysis demonstrate significant advancements, including improved reaction selectivity, enhanced material stability, and shorten discovery cycles. The integration of AI with HTE has significantly accelerated discovery cycles, enabling the optimization of catalyst formulations and reaction conditions. Despite these achievements, challenges remain, including reliance on researcher expertise, real-time adaptability, and the complexity of large-scale data analysis. Addressing these limitations through refined experimental protocols, standardized datasets, and interpretable AI models will unlock the full potential of AI-HTE integration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 42074137)。
文摘A cased well model consists of a coaxial tank and casing,which houses coaxially installed transmitting and receiving coils.The transmitting coil is excited by the current produced by the transmitting circuit,and transient electromagnetic responses occur in the casing,including direct coupling and casing responses.As the range between the transmitting and receiving coils increases,direct coupling responses decay rapidly,are less than the casing response at 0.3 m,and disappear at 0.7 m.By contrast,a casing response increases rapidly and then declines slowly after reaching a peak and changes little within a specifi c range.The peak decreases slowly with range.The continuous addition of water to the tank causes slight changes in transient electromagnetic responses,so the diff erence which are subtracted from the response without water is used.Moreover,the diff erences at the time of rapid increase in response and the time of rapid decrease in response are large,forming a peak and a trough.Given that the conductivity of water in a full tank changes after the addition of salt,the diff erence in the peak is linear with the increase in the conductivity of water.This result provides an experimental basis for the design of a transient electromagnetic logging instrument that measures the conductivity of formation in cased well.
