A memetic algorithm （MA） for a multi-mode resourceconstrained project scheduling problem （MRCPSP） is proposed. We use a new fitness function and two very effective local search procedures in the proposed MA. The f...A memetic algorithm （MA） for a multi-mode resourceconstrained project scheduling problem （MRCPSP） is proposed. We use a new fitness function and two very effective local search procedures in the proposed MA. The fitness function makes use of a mechanism called ＂strategic oscillation＂ to make the search process have a higher probability to visit solutions around a ＂feasible boundary＂. One of the local search procedures aims at improving the lower bound of project makespan to be less than a known upper bound, and another aims at improving a solution of an MRCPSP instance accepting infeasible solutions based on the new fitness function in the search process. A detailed computational experiment is set up using instances from the problem instance library PSPLIB. Computational results show that the proposed MA is very competitive with the state-of-the-art algorithms. The MA obtains improved solutions for one instance of set J30.展开更多
1. Legal environment In the interests of safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of foreign investors in China, the laws and regulations concerning foreign af-fairs are being made or perfected in China. Over 100 ...1. Legal environment In the interests of safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of foreign investors in China, the laws and regulations concerning foreign af-fairs are being made or perfected in China. Over 100 laws & regulations have been promulgated, such as Law of the People’s Republic of China on Economic Contracts Involving Foreign Inter-展开更多
Blockchain,artificial intelligence,and other technologies have been increasingly integrated with the law,and the construction of smart justice and Internet courts in various places has a prominent effect on court info...Blockchain,artificial intelligence,and other technologies have been increasingly integrated with the law,and the construction of smart justice and Internet courts in various places has a prominent effect on court informatization.The Supreme People’s Court is currently carrying out the pilot reform of separation between complicated and simple cases in civil procedure,and legal technology will inevitably become a major means to enable the reform.In the field of electronic litigation,legal technology itself has become a goal of the reform.Regarding the trials of pilot basic courts,legal technology has been more deeply applied in many links such as trial activities and trial management,playing an essential role in improving judicial efficiency,and becoming an important way to solve judicial dilemmas such as“litigation explosion.”However,the history of modern society reminds us that we should be reasonably optimistic about the development of technology,especially in the field of justice.展开更多
1 Introduction The overall plan of the Chinese Space Station （CSS） project focuses on the grand goal of building a space station with Chinese characteristics, and adheres to the following basic principles： conformi...1 Introduction The overall plan of the Chinese Space Station （CSS） project focuses on the grand goal of building a space station with Chinese characteristics, and adheres to the following basic principles： conforming to China＇s national conditions; building a station with modest scale and leaving room for extension; constructing a station with outstanding Chinese elements and core connotations; embodying the strategic goals of national development and driving innovation and development; pursuing technological advancement by employing modem advanced technologies to build and operate the CSS and mastering the construction and operation technology of large space facilities; focusing on the application efficiency for major innovation and technological achievements in the space application field; pursuing economical operations; and taking the road of sustainable development.展开更多
In this study,we considered a bi-objective,multi-project,multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem.We adopted three objective pairs as combinations of the net present value(NPV)as a financial performa...In this study,we considered a bi-objective,multi-project,multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem.We adopted three objective pairs as combinations of the net present value(NPV)as a financial performance measure with one of the time-based performance measures,namely,makespan(Cmax),mean completion time(MCT),and mean flow time(MFT)(i.e.,minCmax/maxA^PF,minA/Cr/max7VPF,and min MFTI mdixNPV).We developed a hybrid non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ(hybrid-NSGA-Ⅱ)as a solution method by introducing a backward-forward pass(BFP)procedure and an injection procedure into NSGA-Ⅱ.The BFP was proposed for new population generation and post-processing.Then,an injection procedure was introduced to increase diversity.The BFP and injection procedures led to improved objective functional values.The injection procedure generated a significantly high number of non-dominated solutions,thereby resulting in great diversity.An extensive computational study was performed.Results showed that hybrid-NSGA-Ⅱ surpassed NSGA-Ⅱ in terms of the performance metrics hypervolume,maximum spread,and the number of nondominated solutions.Solutions were obtained for the objective pairs using hybrid-NSGA-Ⅱ and three different test problem sets with specific properties.Further analysis was performed by employing cash balance,which was another financial performance measure of practical importance.Several managerial insights and extensions for further research were presented.展开更多
In 1983,Du and Sun gave an algorithm which possesses superiorities of both Rosen’sgradient projection method and Wolfe’s reduced gradient method.However,in order to have theprovable global convergence,the algorithm ...In 1983,Du and Sun gave an algorithm which possesses superiorities of both Rosen’sgradient projection method and Wolfe’s reduced gradient method.However,in order to have theprovable global convergence,the algorithm includes an ε-procedure as one of its parts.In this paper,we delete such a part and prove a convergence theorem.展开更多
Primarily project procedure manuals are intended to enforce company polices or procedures. These manuals are important pieces for successful project management in the construction industry,because construction project...Primarily project procedure manuals are intended to enforce company polices or procedures. These manuals are important pieces for successful project management in the construction industry,because construction projects are operated virtually. Even though subcontractors are responsible for field works,a general contractor is still responsible for providing quality project management services for project owners. The more subcontractors involved,the harder it is to monitor and control them, due to the different management processes and procedures they use. More than 36 procedure manuals in the building and industrial construction were reviewed to create process maps of various management services. According to surveys, larger contractors have a broader use of procedure manuals than smaller contractors. The full-scale manuals cover project administration, schedule, cost, contract administration, quality, or safety to home office operations. The small-scale manuals cover from site mobilization, to startup and closeout. Small-scale operation manuals are often used by medium to small contractors. This paper presents suggestions for integrated procedure manuals for construction management firms based on studies of multiple construction procedure manuals. A framework for integrating procedure manuals is presented. The proposed framework can be used to keep uniformity across management procedures and phases. In addition, it can be used to implement a project management system. It can be used to forecast or evaluate management activities through replicability of the management responses.展开更多
China＇s Ministry of Science and Technology recently announced approval of China＇s National Basic Research Program （the 973 Program） and the Major Research Plan projects in 2008. Five Tsinghua research projects wil...China＇s Ministry of Science and Technology recently announced approval of China＇s National Basic Research Program （the 973 Program） and the Major Research Plan projects in 2008. Five Tsinghua research projects will be sponsored by the 973 Program and two by the Major Research Plan. Seven professors were appointed as chief scientists for the projects. Tsinghua has undertaken 28 projects since the 973 Program＇s inception involving 28 chief scientists and eight Major Research Plan projects involving eight chief scientists. Tsinghua is one of the country＇s leading institutions for supervision and conduct of the 973 Program projects.展开更多
Comparing conventional practice and experience of some foreign countries financing their basic research programs, this article analyzes and explores the scope, funding principles, channels and forms of China’s basic ...Comparing conventional practice and experience of some foreign countries financing their basic research programs, this article analyzes and explores the scope, funding principles, channels and forms of China’s basic research input.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71171038)
文摘A memetic algorithm （MA） for a multi-mode resourceconstrained project scheduling problem （MRCPSP） is proposed. We use a new fitness function and two very effective local search procedures in the proposed MA. The fitness function makes use of a mechanism called ＂strategic oscillation＂ to make the search process have a higher probability to visit solutions around a ＂feasible boundary＂. One of the local search procedures aims at improving the lower bound of project makespan to be less than a known upper bound, and another aims at improving a solution of an MRCPSP instance accepting infeasible solutions based on the new fitness function in the search process. A detailed computational experiment is set up using instances from the problem instance library PSPLIB. Computational results show that the proposed MA is very competitive with the state-of-the-art algorithms. The MA obtains improved solutions for one instance of set J30.
文摘1. Legal environment In the interests of safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of foreign investors in China, the laws and regulations concerning foreign af-fairs are being made or perfected in China. Over 100 laws & regulations have been promulgated, such as Law of the People’s Republic of China on Economic Contracts Involving Foreign Inter-
文摘Blockchain,artificial intelligence,and other technologies have been increasingly integrated with the law,and the construction of smart justice and Internet courts in various places has a prominent effect on court informatization.The Supreme People’s Court is currently carrying out the pilot reform of separation between complicated and simple cases in civil procedure,and legal technology will inevitably become a major means to enable the reform.In the field of electronic litigation,legal technology itself has become a goal of the reform.Regarding the trials of pilot basic courts,legal technology has been more deeply applied in many links such as trial activities and trial management,playing an essential role in improving judicial efficiency,and becoming an important way to solve judicial dilemmas such as“litigation explosion.”However,the history of modern society reminds us that we should be reasonably optimistic about the development of technology,especially in the field of justice.
文摘1 Introduction The overall plan of the Chinese Space Station （CSS） project focuses on the grand goal of building a space station with Chinese characteristics, and adheres to the following basic principles： conforming to China＇s national conditions; building a station with modest scale and leaving room for extension; constructing a station with outstanding Chinese elements and core connotations; embodying the strategic goals of national development and driving innovation and development; pursuing technological advancement by employing modem advanced technologies to build and operate the CSS and mastering the construction and operation technology of large space facilities; focusing on the application efficiency for major innovation and technological achievements in the space application field; pursuing economical operations; and taking the road of sustainable development.
文摘In this study,we considered a bi-objective,multi-project,multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem.We adopted three objective pairs as combinations of the net present value(NPV)as a financial performance measure with one of the time-based performance measures,namely,makespan(Cmax),mean completion time(MCT),and mean flow time(MFT)(i.e.,minCmax/maxA^PF,minA/Cr/max7VPF,and min MFTI mdixNPV).We developed a hybrid non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ(hybrid-NSGA-Ⅱ)as a solution method by introducing a backward-forward pass(BFP)procedure and an injection procedure into NSGA-Ⅱ.The BFP was proposed for new population generation and post-processing.Then,an injection procedure was introduced to increase diversity.The BFP and injection procedures led to improved objective functional values.The injection procedure generated a significantly high number of non-dominated solutions,thereby resulting in great diversity.An extensive computational study was performed.Results showed that hybrid-NSGA-Ⅱ surpassed NSGA-Ⅱ in terms of the performance metrics hypervolume,maximum spread,and the number of nondominated solutions.Solutions were obtained for the objective pairs using hybrid-NSGA-Ⅱ and three different test problem sets with specific properties.Further analysis was performed by employing cash balance,which was another financial performance measure of practical importance.Several managerial insights and extensions for further research were presented.
基金The work was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In 1983,Du and Sun gave an algorithm which possesses superiorities of both Rosen’sgradient projection method and Wolfe’s reduced gradient method.However,in order to have theprovable global convergence,the algorithm includes an ε-procedure as one of its parts.In this paper,we delete such a part and prove a convergence theorem.
文摘Primarily project procedure manuals are intended to enforce company polices or procedures. These manuals are important pieces for successful project management in the construction industry,because construction projects are operated virtually. Even though subcontractors are responsible for field works,a general contractor is still responsible for providing quality project management services for project owners. The more subcontractors involved,the harder it is to monitor and control them, due to the different management processes and procedures they use. More than 36 procedure manuals in the building and industrial construction were reviewed to create process maps of various management services. According to surveys, larger contractors have a broader use of procedure manuals than smaller contractors. The full-scale manuals cover project administration, schedule, cost, contract administration, quality, or safety to home office operations. The small-scale manuals cover from site mobilization, to startup and closeout. Small-scale operation manuals are often used by medium to small contractors. This paper presents suggestions for integrated procedure manuals for construction management firms based on studies of multiple construction procedure manuals. A framework for integrating procedure manuals is presented. The proposed framework can be used to keep uniformity across management procedures and phases. In addition, it can be used to implement a project management system. It can be used to forecast or evaluate management activities through replicability of the management responses.
文摘China＇s Ministry of Science and Technology recently announced approval of China＇s National Basic Research Program （the 973 Program） and the Major Research Plan projects in 2008. Five Tsinghua research projects will be sponsored by the 973 Program and two by the Major Research Plan. Seven professors were appointed as chief scientists for the projects. Tsinghua has undertaken 28 projects since the 973 Program＇s inception involving 28 chief scientists and eight Major Research Plan projects involving eight chief scientists. Tsinghua is one of the country＇s leading institutions for supervision and conduct of the 973 Program projects.
文摘Comparing conventional practice and experience of some foreign countries financing their basic research programs, this article analyzes and explores the scope, funding principles, channels and forms of China’s basic research input.
