Payment for ecosystem services （PES） has attracted considerable attention as an economic incentive for promoting natural resource management recently. As emphasis has been placed on using the incentive-based mechani...Payment for ecosystem services （PES） has attracted considerable attention as an economic incentive for promoting natural resource management recently. As emphasis has been placed on using the incentive-based mechanism by the central government, rapid progress on PES research and practice has been achieved. However PES still faces many difficulties. A key issue is the lack of a fully-fledged theory and method to clearly define the design scope, accounting and feasibility of PES criteria. An improved watershed criteria model was developed in light of research on PES practices in China, investigations on the water source area for the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion and ecosystem services outflows theory. The basic principle of assessment is the direct and opportunity cost for ecological conservation and environmental protection in the water source area deduct nationally-financed PES and internal effect. Then the scope and the criteria methods were determined, and internal effect was put forward to define benefits brought from water source area. Finally, Shiyan City, which is the main water source area for the Project of Water Diversion, was analyzed by this model and its payment was calculated. The results showed that： （1） during 2003–2050, the total direct cost and opportunity cost would reach up to 262.70 billion and 256.33 billion Chinese Yuan （CNY, 2000 constant prices）, i.e., 50.61% and 49.38% of total cost, respectively; （2） Shiyan City would gain 0.23, 0.06 and 0.03 CNY/m3 in 2014–2020, 2021–2030, and 2031–2050, respectively.展开更多
Through analysis on the background to develop eco-tourism and necessity for ecological compensation,based on specific condition of Hukou County,in line with the situation to develop eco-tourism during ecological water...Through analysis on the background to develop eco-tourism and necessity for ecological compensation,based on specific condition of Hukou County,in line with the situation to develop eco-tourism during ecological water control project of Poyang Lake,residents' interest protection system and ecological benefit safeguard system for eco-tourism compensation were put forward.展开更多
Firstly,relying on the science and technology project of high yield in Hebei Province,connotation of agricultural technology demonstration and extension mode and the high yield grain project in Hebei Province is intro...Firstly,relying on the science and technology project of high yield in Hebei Province,connotation of agricultural technology demonstration and extension mode and the high yield grain project in Hebei Province is introduced.Extension mode of agricultural technology demonstration and radiation is constructed.Agricultural technology demonstration and radiation mode includes the radiation center,primary irradiation and secondary irradiation.Secondly,management system and operational mechanism of agricultural technology demonstration and radiation mode are discussed,mainly expressed in establishing leading group in each demonstration county(city),carrying out leader contract responsibility system,establishing expert advisor steering group and setting up core experts group for subject,establishing technical experts group for subject,setting up leading group in the radiation area,carrying out chief expert responsibility system and technician matrix responsibility system,establishing the operating mechanism of "open,flow,competition and collaboration" with "test area-expert two-way selection" as the core content.Finally,countermeasures to improve the agricultural technology demonstration and radiation mode is put forward,such as establishing the rural technology demonstration base,strengthening cooperation with enterprises,and adopting flexible technical training,so as to promote the spread of agricultural high-tech,to increase the contribution rate of agricultural technology,and to offer ideas for agricultural technology extension model at the new era.展开更多
On July 24, 2013, a low-E coated glass project of Xianyang Co., Ltd. of Taiwanglass Group with a daily capacity of 1.2 thousand tons was started to be built, meanwhile a float glass production line was put into produc...On July 24, 2013, a low-E coated glass project of Xianyang Co., Ltd. of Taiwanglass Group with a daily capacity of 1.2 thousand tons was started to be built, meanwhile a float glass production line was put into production. The float glass line with CNY 1.5 billion of investment was built in July, 2008. Total investment of phase I of the Iow-E coated glass project was CNY one billion. The annual production value of the proiect can reach CNY one billion after completion of the whole project.展开更多
LIRR＇s Priject of ＂Research on Spalling Mechanism Due to Rapid Heating-up of Dense Refractory Castables＂ declared by Wang Zhanmin,vice-president of LIRR,will gain the fund support from National Natural Science Foun...LIRR＇s Priject of ＂Research on Spalling Mechanism Due to Rapid Heating-up of Dense Refractory Castables＂ declared by Wang Zhanmin,vice-president of LIRR,will gain the fund support from National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2011.展开更多
The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. （Lepidoptera： Tortricidae）, is a destructive insect pest in the fruit production. The emergences of this notorious pest frequently cause the huge economic loss of apple orchards...The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. （Lepidoptera： Tortricidae）, is a destructive insect pest in the fruit production. The emergences of this notorious pest frequently cause the huge economic loss of apple orchards. It can also attacks pears, walnuts and other tree fruits. The codling moth is an important invasive species in China, which first appeared in Kuerle, Xijiang in 1953 and rapidly expanded in the whole area, in 1987 the codling moth spread to Dunhuang, Gansu. Recently, researchers from the Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University and so on initiated a genome-sequencing project of the codling moth. The genome size of the codling moth is 650 Mb, as estimated by flow cytometry and survey sequencing. Since the heterozygousity is a potential obstacle in sequencing the insect genome, the research consortium carefully measured the heterozygousity of the codling moth by SNP analysis and 17-mer estimation, showing that the heterozygousity of the codling moth is around 0.3-0.6%. The whole genome shotgun strategy is adopted and a sequencing plan has been made and officially started. The availability of the codling moth genome should be of great value to uncover the molecular invasion mechanism, high adaptive ability to the stress and to develop efficient control strategies of this pest worldwide and in China.展开更多
On July II, 2013, a project ofAnhui Shengshi New- energy Materials and Technology Co., Ltd. was put into production with an annual capacity of 40 thousand tons quartz glass, which was the largest quartz glass producti...On July II, 2013, a project ofAnhui Shengshi New- energy Materials and Technology Co., Ltd. was put into production with an annual capacity of 40 thousand tons quartz glass, which was the largest quartz glass production line in the world. The total investment of theproject was CNY 110 million. The new process can save energy over 30% than the traditional one. The project with an annual sales income of CNY 165 million can change the short supply of architectural crystal glass and high-grade ware glass in China＇s market.展开更多
Currently, ＂ Porous SiC Multi-phase Ceramics with Hierarchical Heterogeneities for Filtrating High Temperature Soot＂ , a project of Sinosteel LIRR, gained International S＆T Cooperation Special Funds from Ministry o...Currently, ＂ Porous SiC Multi-phase Ceramics with Hierarchical Heterogeneities for Filtrating High Temperature Soot＂ , a project of Sinosteel LIRR, gained International S＆T Cooperation Special Funds from Ministry of Science and Technology of China.展开更多
On Dec. 15, 2013, three projects ＂ R ＆ D and Application of Long Life Submerged Entry Nozzle lbr Oxygen- and Manganese-rich Steel＂, ＂ R ＆ D and Application of Long Life Slag Line MgO-C Bricks for VD Refining Ladl...On Dec. 15, 2013, three projects ＂ R ＆ D and Application of Long Life Submerged Entry Nozzle lbr Oxygen- and Manganese-rich Steel＂, ＂ R ＆ D and Application of Long Life Slag Line MgO-C Bricks for VD Refining Ladle＂ and ＂ R ＆ D and Application of Al2O3-SiC Gunning Castables＂ of Puyang Refractories Group Co., Ltd. passed the appraisal of scientific and technological achievements organized by Henan Bureau of Science and Technology.展开更多
On February 24, 1993, when the appraisal meeting of the Sino-Japanese Joint Research Project of Well-off Household Residences was held in Beijing, Person-in-charge from the China Building Technology Development and Re...On February 24, 1993, when the appraisal meeting of the Sino-Japanese Joint Research Project of Well-off Household Residences was held in Beijing, Person-in-charge from the China Building Technology Development and Research Centre and the Japan International Cooperation Undertakings Group signed the project appraisal report. It marked the successful completion of this three-year joint research project.展开更多
Water supply project of drawing from the Songhua River in central cities of Jilin is taken as research object.On the basis of analyzing project characteristics and natural conditions of the project area,site selection...Water supply project of drawing from the Songhua River in central cities of Jilin is taken as research object.On the basis of analyzing project characteristics and natural conditions of the project area,site selection of waste slag yard of water diversion project and design of water and soil conservation measures are discussed.Rationality of site selection of waste slag yard and pertinence of prevention and control measures of water and soil loss in waste slag yard are analyzed,and comprehensive utilization of waste slag in large-scale production and construction projects is explored.展开更多
It is well known that there is abundant water resources in basin of the Yangtze River, the first largest river in China, which is mainly located in Southern China. However, water resources is very scarce in the basin ...It is well known that there is abundant water resources in basin of the Yangtze River, the first largest river in China, which is mainly located in Southern China. However, water resources is very scarce in the basin of the Yellow River, which is mainly located in Northern China. So the western route project of south-north water transfer scheme （WRP-SNWTS） aims to transfer water from the Yangtze River to the Yellow River. The area of WRP-SNWT, located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the main areas of Sichuan and the marginal areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has sufficient water resources but fragile ecology and environment. Therefore, it is necessary for WRP-SNWT to analyze the ecology water required. Based on the planning principles of from low elevation to high elevation, from small to large, from short to long and from easy to difficulty, the WRP-SNWT will be constructed through three stage projects. The western route first stage project of the south-north water transfer scheme （WRFST-SNWTS） is planned to transfer 4×10^9m^3/a from six tributaries of the Yalong river and from Dadu river to Jiaqu of Yellow River.. Daqu river and Niqu river are the branches of Xianshui river. Sequ river, Duke river, Make river and Ake river are the branches of Dadu river, which account for 65-70% of the total river run-off. It need more research and the rest run-off can satisfy channel ecology water required. According to analysis ecological water required which mainly satisfy for aquicolous biology in water-exporting region, such as low air temperature. Fish and aquicolous biology main living from May to August, and rivers are iced up from December to March of next year, ecology water required mainly for fish and aquicolous biology. The flow criterion of Tennant method is modified. The ecology water required of WRFSP-SNWTS is estimated by the flow data of Zhuwo gauging station, Zhuba gauging station, Chuosijia gauging station and Zumuzu gauging station. The result show that the ecology water required calculated by modified Tennant less 1 l percent than that of Tennant. This estimating result can supply more water resources for transferring to Yellow River. Meanwhile, this can supply gist for research transferring water of WRFSP-SNWTS.展开更多
On March 25 1996, the electron beam flue gas desulfurization demonstration project of Chengdu Cogeneration Power Plant started formal construction This is at present the largest electron beam desulfurization project i...On March 25 1996, the electron beam flue gas desulfurization demonstration project of Chengdu Cogeneration Power Plant started formal construction This is at present the largest electron beam desulfurization project in power plants in the world, and is jointly constructed by Sichuan Electric Power Bureau and the EBARA Works of Japan, This is an important cooperation project in environment protection between展开更多
According to the national policy on enhancing environmental protection,the five major power generation companies are required to carry out flue gas desulphurization(FGD) franchising pilot project in thermal power plan...According to the national policy on enhancing environmental protection,the five major power generation companies are required to carry out flue gas desulphurization(FGD) franchising pilot project in thermal power plants.This paper introduces the development of this pilot project,including the foundation,purpose,objects,demands and procedures.It also discusses some main problems encountered during implementation,involving the understanding,legislation,financing,taxation,pricing and management of franchise.At the end,it puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures with regard to laws,regulations,taxation policy and electricity pricing policy.展开更多
On December 2, 2009, Unit 1 of Huaneng Yingkou Cogeneration Plant smoothly passed 168-hour triaoperation. 11 days later, Unit 2 also successfully passed the trial operation. The project
Knowledge innovation and high-tech industrialization are focuses of competition among countries all over the world today. Yet, the innovation capacity of China is not compatible with her economic growth, leaving a big...Knowledge innovation and high-tech industrialization are focuses of competition among countries all over the world today. Yet, the innovation capacity of China is not compatible with her economic growth, leaving a big gap when compared with domestic demand and world standards.展开更多
A two-dimensional flow numerical model of the tidal reaches, which total length is more than 700 km, is established from Datong to the Yangtze River estuary. The tidal levels, velocities, diversion ratios and dynamic ...A two-dimensional flow numerical model of the tidal reaches, which total length is more than 700 km, is established from Datong to the Yangtze River estuary. The tidal levels, velocities, diversion ratios and dynamic axes before and after the separate regulation of each reach and combined regulation of all reaches are obtained. The comparative analysis shows that the regulation project of a separate reach basically has no impact on velocity distributions and variations of diversion ratios of upper and lower reaches, the variations of dynamic axes are only within the local scope of the project. The regulation project of a separate reach also has less impact on the water level in the lower adjacent reaches, but will make the water levels in the upper reaches rise. After the implementation of the regulation projects for all reaches, the rise of water level in the upstream reaches will have a cumulative impact.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 70703034)State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology (No.SKLURE 2008-1-02)the National Major Program on Pollution Control and Management of Water Body(No. 2009ZX07318-006)
文摘Payment for ecosystem services （PES） has attracted considerable attention as an economic incentive for promoting natural resource management recently. As emphasis has been placed on using the incentive-based mechanism by the central government, rapid progress on PES research and practice has been achieved. However PES still faces many difficulties. A key issue is the lack of a fully-fledged theory and method to clearly define the design scope, accounting and feasibility of PES criteria. An improved watershed criteria model was developed in light of research on PES practices in China, investigations on the water source area for the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion and ecosystem services outflows theory. The basic principle of assessment is the direct and opportunity cost for ecological conservation and environmental protection in the water source area deduct nationally-financed PES and internal effect. Then the scope and the criteria methods were determined, and internal effect was put forward to define benefits brought from water source area. Finally, Shiyan City, which is the main water source area for the Project of Water Diversion, was analyzed by this model and its payment was calculated. The results showed that： （1） during 2003–2050, the total direct cost and opportunity cost would reach up to 262.70 billion and 256.33 billion Chinese Yuan （CNY, 2000 constant prices）, i.e., 50.61% and 49.38% of total cost, respectively; （2） Shiyan City would gain 0.23, 0.06 and 0.03 CNY/m3 in 2014–2020, 2021–2030, and 2031–2050, respectively.
基金Supported by Key Bid Program of Poyang Lake Ecological Economy Research Center of Jiangxi Province(09KJ01)~~
文摘Through analysis on the background to develop eco-tourism and necessity for ecological compensation,based on specific condition of Hukou County,in line with the situation to develop eco-tourism during ecological water control project of Poyang Lake,residents' interest protection system and ecological benefit safeguard system for eco-tourism compensation were put forward.
基金Supported by the State Grain High Yield Science and Technology Project in Hebei Province of Eleventh Five-Year Plan(2006BAD02A08-5-1)
文摘Firstly,relying on the science and technology project of high yield in Hebei Province,connotation of agricultural technology demonstration and extension mode and the high yield grain project in Hebei Province is introduced.Extension mode of agricultural technology demonstration and radiation is constructed.Agricultural technology demonstration and radiation mode includes the radiation center,primary irradiation and secondary irradiation.Secondly,management system and operational mechanism of agricultural technology demonstration and radiation mode are discussed,mainly expressed in establishing leading group in each demonstration county(city),carrying out leader contract responsibility system,establishing expert advisor steering group and setting up core experts group for subject,establishing technical experts group for subject,setting up leading group in the radiation area,carrying out chief expert responsibility system and technician matrix responsibility system,establishing the operating mechanism of "open,flow,competition and collaboration" with "test area-expert two-way selection" as the core content.Finally,countermeasures to improve the agricultural technology demonstration and radiation mode is put forward,such as establishing the rural technology demonstration base,strengthening cooperation with enterprises,and adopting flexible technical training,so as to promote the spread of agricultural high-tech,to increase the contribution rate of agricultural technology,and to offer ideas for agricultural technology extension model at the new era.
文摘On July 24, 2013, a low-E coated glass project of Xianyang Co., Ltd. of Taiwanglass Group with a daily capacity of 1.2 thousand tons was started to be built, meanwhile a float glass production line was put into production. The float glass line with CNY 1.5 billion of investment was built in July, 2008. Total investment of phase I of the Iow-E coated glass project was CNY one billion. The annual production value of the proiect can reach CNY one billion after completion of the whole project.
文摘LIRR＇s Priject of ＂Research on Spalling Mechanism Due to Rapid Heating-up of Dense Refractory Castables＂ declared by Wang Zhanmin,vice-president of LIRR,will gain the fund support from National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2011.
文摘The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. （Lepidoptera： Tortricidae）, is a destructive insect pest in the fruit production. The emergences of this notorious pest frequently cause the huge economic loss of apple orchards. It can also attacks pears, walnuts and other tree fruits. The codling moth is an important invasive species in China, which first appeared in Kuerle, Xijiang in 1953 and rapidly expanded in the whole area, in 1987 the codling moth spread to Dunhuang, Gansu. Recently, researchers from the Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University and so on initiated a genome-sequencing project of the codling moth. The genome size of the codling moth is 650 Mb, as estimated by flow cytometry and survey sequencing. Since the heterozygousity is a potential obstacle in sequencing the insect genome, the research consortium carefully measured the heterozygousity of the codling moth by SNP analysis and 17-mer estimation, showing that the heterozygousity of the codling moth is around 0.3-0.6%. The whole genome shotgun strategy is adopted and a sequencing plan has been made and officially started. The availability of the codling moth genome should be of great value to uncover the molecular invasion mechanism, high adaptive ability to the stress and to develop efficient control strategies of this pest worldwide and in China.
文摘On July II, 2013, a project ofAnhui Shengshi New- energy Materials and Technology Co., Ltd. was put into production with an annual capacity of 40 thousand tons quartz glass, which was the largest quartz glass production line in the world. The total investment of theproject was CNY 110 million. The new process can save energy over 30% than the traditional one. The project with an annual sales income of CNY 165 million can change the short supply of architectural crystal glass and high-grade ware glass in China＇s market.
文摘Currently, ＂ Porous SiC Multi-phase Ceramics with Hierarchical Heterogeneities for Filtrating High Temperature Soot＂ , a project of Sinosteel LIRR, gained International S＆T Cooperation Special Funds from Ministry of Science and Technology of China.
文摘On Dec. 15, 2013, three projects ＂ R ＆ D and Application of Long Life Submerged Entry Nozzle lbr Oxygen- and Manganese-rich Steel＂, ＂ R ＆ D and Application of Long Life Slag Line MgO-C Bricks for VD Refining Ladle＂ and ＂ R ＆ D and Application of Al2O3-SiC Gunning Castables＂ of Puyang Refractories Group Co., Ltd. passed the appraisal of scientific and technological achievements organized by Henan Bureau of Science and Technology.
文摘On February 24, 1993, when the appraisal meeting of the Sino-Japanese Joint Research Project of Well-off Household Residences was held in Beijing, Person-in-charge from the China Building Technology Development and Research Centre and the Japan International Cooperation Undertakings Group signed the project appraisal report. It marked the successful completion of this three-year joint research project.
文摘Water supply project of drawing from the Songhua River in central cities of Jilin is taken as research object.On the basis of analyzing project characteristics and natural conditions of the project area,site selection of waste slag yard of water diversion project and design of water and soil conservation measures are discussed.Rationality of site selection of waste slag yard and pertinence of prevention and control measures of water and soil loss in waste slag yard are analyzed,and comprehensive utilization of waste slag in large-scale production and construction projects is explored.
文摘It is well known that there is abundant water resources in basin of the Yangtze River, the first largest river in China, which is mainly located in Southern China. However, water resources is very scarce in the basin of the Yellow River, which is mainly located in Northern China. So the western route project of south-north water transfer scheme （WRP-SNWTS） aims to transfer water from the Yangtze River to the Yellow River. The area of WRP-SNWT, located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the main areas of Sichuan and the marginal areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has sufficient water resources but fragile ecology and environment. Therefore, it is necessary for WRP-SNWT to analyze the ecology water required. Based on the planning principles of from low elevation to high elevation, from small to large, from short to long and from easy to difficulty, the WRP-SNWT will be constructed through three stage projects. The western route first stage project of the south-north water transfer scheme （WRFST-SNWTS） is planned to transfer 4×10^9m^3/a from six tributaries of the Yalong river and from Dadu river to Jiaqu of Yellow River.. Daqu river and Niqu river are the branches of Xianshui river. Sequ river, Duke river, Make river and Ake river are the branches of Dadu river, which account for 65-70% of the total river run-off. It need more research and the rest run-off can satisfy channel ecology water required. According to analysis ecological water required which mainly satisfy for aquicolous biology in water-exporting region, such as low air temperature. Fish and aquicolous biology main living from May to August, and rivers are iced up from December to March of next year, ecology water required mainly for fish and aquicolous biology. The flow criterion of Tennant method is modified. The ecology water required of WRFSP-SNWTS is estimated by the flow data of Zhuwo gauging station, Zhuba gauging station, Chuosijia gauging station and Zumuzu gauging station. The result show that the ecology water required calculated by modified Tennant less 1 l percent than that of Tennant. This estimating result can supply more water resources for transferring to Yellow River. Meanwhile, this can supply gist for research transferring water of WRFSP-SNWTS.
文摘On March 25 1996, the electron beam flue gas desulfurization demonstration project of Chengdu Cogeneration Power Plant started formal construction This is at present the largest electron beam desulfurization project in power plants in the world, and is jointly constructed by Sichuan Electric Power Bureau and the EBARA Works of Japan, This is an important cooperation project in environment protection between
文摘According to the national policy on enhancing environmental protection,the five major power generation companies are required to carry out flue gas desulphurization(FGD) franchising pilot project in thermal power plants.This paper introduces the development of this pilot project,including the foundation,purpose,objects,demands and procedures.It also discusses some main problems encountered during implementation,involving the understanding,legislation,financing,taxation,pricing and management of franchise.At the end,it puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures with regard to laws,regulations,taxation policy and electricity pricing policy.
文摘On December 2, 2009, Unit 1 of Huaneng Yingkou Cogeneration Plant smoothly passed 168-hour triaoperation. 11 days later, Unit 2 also successfully passed the trial operation. The project
文摘Knowledge innovation and high-tech industrialization are focuses of competition among countries all over the world today. Yet, the innovation capacity of China is not compatible with her economic growth, leaving a big gap when compared with domestic demand and world standards.
基金financially supported by the Major Project"Golden Waterway Capacity Enhancement Technology"of Ministry of Transport of China(Grant No.201132874640)
文摘A two-dimensional flow numerical model of the tidal reaches, which total length is more than 700 km, is established from Datong to the Yangtze River estuary. The tidal levels, velocities, diversion ratios and dynamic axes before and after the separate regulation of each reach and combined regulation of all reaches are obtained. The comparative analysis shows that the regulation project of a separate reach basically has no impact on velocity distributions and variations of diversion ratios of upper and lower reaches, the variations of dynamic axes are only within the local scope of the project. The regulation project of a separate reach also has less impact on the water level in the lower adjacent reaches, but will make the water levels in the upper reaches rise. After the implementation of the regulation projects for all reaches, the rise of water level in the upstream reaches will have a cumulative impact.
