Pure water has been characterized for nearly a century, by its dissociation into hydronium （H3O）1＋ and hydroxide （HO）1- ions. As a chemical equilibrium reaction, the equilibrium constant, known as the ion product...Pure water has been characterized for nearly a century, by its dissociation into hydronium （H3O）1＋ and hydroxide （HO）1- ions. As a chemical equilibrium reaction, the equilibrium constant, known as the ion product or the product of the equilibrium concentration of the two ion species, has been extensively measured by chemists over the liquid water temperature and pressure range. The experimental data have been nonlinear least-squares fitted to chemical thermodynamic-based equilibrium equations, which have been accepted as the industrial standard for 35 years. In this study, a new and statistical-physics-based water ion product equation is presented, in which, the ions are the positively charged protons and the negatively charged proton-holes or prohols. Nonlinear least squares fits of our equation to the experimental data in the 0-100℃ pure liquid water range, give a factor of two better precision than the 35-year industrial standard.展开更多
We report physics based confirmation（~1% RMS deviation）, by existing experimental data, of protonprohol（proton-hole） ion product（p H） and mobilities in pure liquid water（0-100℃, 1-atm pressure） anticipated fr...We report physics based confirmation（~1% RMS deviation）, by existing experimental data, of protonprohol（proton-hole） ion product（p H） and mobilities in pure liquid water（0-100℃, 1-atm pressure） anticipated from our melted-ice Hexagonal-Close-Packed（H_2O）_4Lattice Model. Five phonons are identified.（1） A propagating protonic phonon（520.9 meV from lone-pair-blue-shifted stretching mode of isolated water molecule） absorbed to generate a proton-prohol pair or detrap a tightly-bound proton.（2） Two（173.4 and 196.6 meV） bending-breathing protonic-proholic or protonic phonons absorbed during de-trapping-limited proton or proton-prohol mobilities.（3）Two propagating oxygenic-wateric Debye-Dispersive phonons（30.3 and 27.5 meV） absorbed during scatteringlimited proton or proton-prohol mobilities.展开更多
This report adds three protonic semiconductor models to explain the "abnormally" high electrical conductivity of pure liquid water characterized by the three industrial consensus parameters, the ion product(...This report adds three protonic semiconductor models to explain the "abnormally" high electrical conductivity of pure liquid water characterized by the three industrial consensus parameters, the ion product(or pH)and the two ion mobilities. Existence of long-range order in fluid water under numerous daily conditions led us to extend the 1933 Bernal-Fowler hexagonally close packed crystalline Ice Lattice to model liquid water as Melted Ice. Protonic kinetic energy band and bound(trap) pictures provide semiconductor-physics based new models of these three parameters. They are extrapolatable engineered-models for developing novel biological, chemical, electrical, mechanical and medical applications of liquid water.展开更多
文摘Pure water has been characterized for nearly a century, by its dissociation into hydronium （H3O）1＋ and hydroxide （HO）1- ions. As a chemical equilibrium reaction, the equilibrium constant, known as the ion product or the product of the equilibrium concentration of the two ion species, has been extensively measured by chemists over the liquid water temperature and pressure range. The experimental data have been nonlinear least-squares fitted to chemical thermodynamic-based equilibrium equations, which have been accepted as the industrial standard for 35 years. In this study, a new and statistical-physics-based water ion product equation is presented, in which, the ions are the positively charged protons and the negatively charged proton-holes or prohols. Nonlinear least squares fits of our equation to the experimental data in the 0-100℃ pure liquid water range, give a factor of two better precision than the 35-year industrial standard.
文摘We report physics based confirmation（~1% RMS deviation）, by existing experimental data, of protonprohol（proton-hole） ion product（p H） and mobilities in pure liquid water（0-100℃, 1-atm pressure） anticipated from our melted-ice Hexagonal-Close-Packed（H_2O）_4Lattice Model. Five phonons are identified.（1） A propagating protonic phonon（520.9 meV from lone-pair-blue-shifted stretching mode of isolated water molecule） absorbed to generate a proton-prohol pair or detrap a tightly-bound proton.（2） Two（173.4 and 196.6 meV） bending-breathing protonic-proholic or protonic phonons absorbed during de-trapping-limited proton or proton-prohol mobilities.（3）Two propagating oxygenic-wateric Debye-Dispersive phonons（30.3 and 27.5 meV） absorbed during scatteringlimited proton or proton-prohol mobilities.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘This report adds three protonic semiconductor models to explain the "abnormally" high electrical conductivity of pure liquid water characterized by the three industrial consensus parameters, the ion product(or pH)and the two ion mobilities. Existence of long-range order in fluid water under numerous daily conditions led us to extend the 1933 Bernal-Fowler hexagonally close packed crystalline Ice Lattice to model liquid water as Melted Ice. Protonic kinetic energy band and bound(trap) pictures provide semiconductor-physics based new models of these three parameters. They are extrapolatable engineered-models for developing novel biological, chemical, electrical, mechanical and medical applications of liquid water.
