In recent years,the demand for strategic metal resources,essential for scientific and technological progress and industrial development,has multiplied.Ensuring a stable supply of these metals is critical to national s...In recent years,the demand for strategic metal resources,essential for scientific and technological progress and industrial development,has multiplied.Ensuring a stable supply of these metals is critical to national security and the well-being of the population.As global industrialization accelerates,the daily demand for nonferrous metals continues to rise.Consequently,extracting and recovering strategic metals from low-grade raw materials,such as solid waste,has become crucial for maintaining their supply and economic development.However,the extraction process is fraught with challenges,including mineral phase stability and complex composition.This review focuses on key strategic metals such as lithium,aluminum,gallium,and vanadium.It introduces and examines various methods for extracting nonferrous metals from different raw materials,including traditional mining technologies applied to low-grade solid wastes.It also outlines future development opportunities and challenges in this field.展开更多
The recognition of headache by human being has gone through a long period of time.Headache was sorted into three kinds early in first century A.D. by Aretaeus(81-138),who named mild repeated headache as"cephalalg...The recognition of headache by human being has gone through a long period of time.Headache was sorted into three kinds early in first century A.D. by Aretaeus(81-138),who named mild repeated headache as"cephalalgia",frequently attacking chronic headache as"cephalaea",and unilateral severe headache"heterocrania".Christian Ludwig展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20321,22325703,22074084)the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2022-002)+1 种基金the Shanxi Province Science Foundation(20210302124012,202203021221009)the Key R&D and Transformation Plan of Qinghai Province(2020-GX-101).
文摘In recent years,the demand for strategic metal resources,essential for scientific and technological progress and industrial development,has multiplied.Ensuring a stable supply of these metals is critical to national security and the well-being of the population.As global industrialization accelerates,the daily demand for nonferrous metals continues to rise.Consequently,extracting and recovering strategic metals from low-grade raw materials,such as solid waste,has become crucial for maintaining their supply and economic development.However,the extraction process is fraught with challenges,including mineral phase stability and complex composition.This review focuses on key strategic metals such as lithium,aluminum,gallium,and vanadium.It introduces and examines various methods for extracting nonferrous metals from different raw materials,including traditional mining technologies applied to low-grade solid wastes.It also outlines future development opportunities and challenges in this field.
文摘The recognition of headache by human being has gone through a long period of time.Headache was sorted into three kinds early in first century A.D. by Aretaeus(81-138),who named mild repeated headache as"cephalalgia",frequently attacking chronic headache as"cephalaea",and unilateral severe headache"heterocrania".Christian Ludwig
