Gastric cancer(GC)remains one of the most common cancers and leading causes of cancer deaths globally1with 60.0%of cases and 56.6%of deaths occurring in East Asia.South Korea and Japan have conducted nationwide GC scr...Gastric cancer(GC)remains one of the most common cancers and leading causes of cancer deaths globally1with 60.0%of cases and 56.6%of deaths occurring in East Asia.South Korea and Japan have conducted nationwide GC screening programs for decades but with essential differences in strategies,organization,and coverage2.展开更多
Severe aortic stenosis has increased exponentially as a result of the aging of the population.Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)procedures increase by 20%-30%per year in Spain.Referred patients are increasin...Severe aortic stenosis has increased exponentially as a result of the aging of the population.Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)procedures increase by 20%-30%per year in Spain.Referred patients are increasingly older,have comorbidities,and frailty.TAVR cardiac rehabilitation(CR)programs significantly improve both functional capacity and quality of life of patients.However,there are no guidelines on how to carry out them and few elderly patients are referred to CR.Furthermore,mortality in women who undergo TAVR is higher than in men and even fewer are referred to CR programs.Multidisciplinary patient care,including comorbidities and frailty,is essential.It is necessary to ensure exquisite continuity of care during TAVR,CR,and the rest of the patient's life.Telerehabilitation could be an option in some lower-risk patients to include more patients in CR programs after TAVR,given the high demand.This article reviews the evidence on why CR should be performed in post-TAVR patients and proposes a practical and novel approach to the care process and the recommended aspects and components of the CR program.展开更多
Background Supplementation of choline chloride in culture medium programs the preimplantation bovine embryo to increase weaning weight of the resultant calf.Here,it was hypothesized that similar programming actions of...Background Supplementation of choline chloride in culture medium programs the preimplantation bovine embryo to increase weaning weight of the resultant calf.Here,it was hypothesized that similar programming actions of choline can be induced by feeding rumen-protected choline(RPC)to beef cows during the periconceptional period.Results A preliminary experiment was conducted to determine changes in circulating concentrations of choline and its metabolites after RPC supplementation.Suckled beef cows were individually fed 0,30,60,and 90 g of RPC(i.e.,0,8.6,17.3 and 25.9 g choline chloride)and blood samples were collected at random times after feeding.There were no differences in plasma concentrations of choline or its metabolites between groups.In the second experiment,effects of feeding 60 g/d RPC from d-1 to 7 relative to timed artificial insemination were examined for suckled beef cows.Feeding RPC did not affect pregnancy or calving rates,pregnancy losses,plasma concentrations of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins,gestation length or calf birth weight.Calves from RPC fed dams were lighter than control calves at~118 days of age(range 75–150;age included in the statistical model)and at weaning at~248 days of age.There was no effect of treatment on hip height at~118 days of age although there was a trend for RPC calves to be shorter at weaning.Weight/height ratio was lower for RPC than control at both 118 and 248 days of age.Treatment did not affect testis weight at~118 days of age.Conclusions Supplementation of RPC during the periconceptional period programmed development to alter calf phenotype in the postnatal period.The net result,reduced body weight,was the opposite of the phenotype caused by the addition of choline to embryo culture medium.展开更多
Objectives:The objective of this study was to examine communication effectiveness(CE)in conjunction with participant satisfaction in a multicultural fitness program.Methods:Adults from a fitness program site with part...Objectives:The objective of this study was to examine communication effectiveness(CE)in conjunction with participant satisfaction in a multicultural fitness program.Methods:Adults from a fitness program site with participant diversity and multicultural backgrounds were selected and asked to complete a three-part Fitness CE Evaluation Scale questionnaire:CE Questionnaire and Customer Satisfaction(CS)Scale plus a short demographic survey.A sample of 95 participants was recruited from a Midwest Functional 45 Fitness Training Program site in the U.S.A.Multivariate Analysis of Variance(MANOVA)tests were conducted for CE and CS variable vectors.Results:The results showed that there were significant main effects on CE and CS for nationality(p=0.001;p<0.001)and language(p=0.006;p<0.001),but no effect for participation frequency,respectively;there were also significant main effects on CS for gender(p=0.006)and membership type(p=0.019).Univariate tests revealed that domestics and/or first language participants scored significantly higher on reactionto strangers(p=0.001;p=0.001),uncertainty(p<0.001;p<0.001),facilities/services(p<0.001;p<0.001),individual/psychological factor(p=0.009;p=0.034),relaxation(p=0.018;p=0.021),social factor(p<0.001;p=0.002),and health/fitness(p<0.001;p=0.001),respectively.Conclusions:Being highly aware of fitness participants’uncertainty and reaction to strangers can help multicultural fitness program managers or trainers improve their communication effectiveness,which will continue improving their customers’satisfaction.展开更多
Focusing on the reform of talent training under the background of the integration of production and education in vocational education,this paper takes Xinjiang Vocational College of Physical Education as the research ...Focusing on the reform of talent training under the background of the integration of production and education in vocational education,this paper takes Xinjiang Vocational College of Physical Education as the research object.Based on the field survey data of 36 enterprises and public institutions in Urumqi and Kashgar regions from May to June 2023,it systematically analyzes the demand characteristics,ability requirements of employers for sports professionals,and their feedback on current training programs.The research finds that employers have a strong demand for talent in sports training and physical education,and generally attach importance to professional skills and comprehensive quality,but they believe that graduates need pre-job training to be competent for the positions.Most units recognize the existing curriculum structure and support school-enterprise cooperation.Accordingly,this paper proposes that we should take moral education as the fundamental,optimize professional positioning,reconstruct the modular curriculum system,strengthen practical teaching and the integration of“courses,certificates,competitions,and posts,”deepen the coordination of production and education,and build a new employment-oriented training mechanism for high-quality sports technical and skilled talents.展开更多
A two-phase monadic approach is presented for monadically slicing programs with procedures. In the monadic slice algorithm for interprocedural programs, phase 1 initializes the slice table of formal parameters in a pr...A two-phase monadic approach is presented for monadically slicing programs with procedures. In the monadic slice algorithm for interprocedural programs, phase 1 initializes the slice table of formal parameters in a procedure with the given labels, and then captures the callees＇ influence on callers when analyzing call statements. Phase 2 captures the callees＇ dependence on callers by replacing all given labels appearing in the corresponding sets of formal parameters. By the introduction of given labels, this slice method can obtain similar summary information in system-dependence-graph（SDG）-based algorithms for addressing the calling-context problem. With the use of the slice monad transformer, this monadic slicing approach achieves a high level of modularity and flexibility. It shows that the monadic interprocedural algorithm has less complexity and it is not less precise than SDG algorithms.展开更多
To solve the problems that the exception handling code is hard to test and maintain and that it affects the robustness and reliability of software, a method for evaluating the exception handling of programs is present...To solve the problems that the exception handling code is hard to test and maintain and that it affects the robustness and reliability of software, a method for evaluating the exception handling of programs is presented. The exception propagation graph （EPG） that describes the large programs with exception handling constructs is proposed by simplifying the control flow graph and it is applied to a case to verify its validity. According to the EPG, the exception handling code that never executes is identified; the points that are the most critical to controlling exception propagation are found; and the irrational exception handling code is corrected. The constructing algorithm for the EPG is given; thus, this provides a basis for automatically constructing the EPG and automatically correcting the irrational exception handling code.展开更多
Races using kitefoil and windfoil surfboards have been in the Olympic Games for the first time in Paris 2024,signalling their relevance in sailing sports.However,the dynamics of these devices is yet not well understoo...Races using kitefoil and windfoil surfboards have been in the Olympic Games for the first time in Paris 2024,signalling their relevance in sailing sports.However,the dynamics of these devices is yet not well understood,in particular the influence on the hydrodynamic forces and moments of the distance of the foil to the free surface.Considering this,the present paper documents an experimental investigation in which forces and torque produced,under uniform flow,by a full-scale state-of-the-art hydrofoil(suitable both for kitesurf and windsurf)were measured.A range of velocities,angles of attack,and submergences were tested,leading to Froude numbers based on submergence with maximum values around five,a typical range in actual sailing conditions.From these tests,formulae for the hydrodynamic coefficients have been proposed.They can be used for developing Velocity Prediction Programs(VPP)for this kind of craft,a necessary tool to plan racing configurations and to analyze their racing performance.With the aim of making the experimental data useful for benchmarking numerical models and for future research on related topics such as foil ventilation and transition to turbulence,the specimen’s 3D file is provided as supplementary material to this paper.展开更多
Every year, around the world, between 250,000 and 500,000 people suffer a spinal cord injury(SCI). SCI is a devastating medical condition that arises from trauma or disease-induced damage to the spinal cord, disruptin...Every year, around the world, between 250,000 and 500,000 people suffer a spinal cord injury(SCI). SCI is a devastating medical condition that arises from trauma or disease-induced damage to the spinal cord, disrupting the neural connections that allow communication between the brain and the rest of the body, which results in varying degrees of motor and sensory impairment. Disconnection in the spinal tracts is an irreversible condition owing to the poor capacity for spontaneous axonal regeneration in the affected neurons.展开更多
During the use of robotics in applications such as antiterrorism or combat,a motion-constrained pursuer vehicle,such as a Dubins unmanned surface vehicle(USV),must get close enough(within a prescribed zero or positive...During the use of robotics in applications such as antiterrorism or combat,a motion-constrained pursuer vehicle,such as a Dubins unmanned surface vehicle(USV),must get close enough(within a prescribed zero or positive distance)to a moving target as quickly as possible,resulting in the extended minimum-time intercept problem(EMTIP).Existing research has primarily focused on the zero-distance intercept problem,MTIP,establishing the necessary or sufficient conditions for MTIP optimality,and utilizing analytic algorithms,such as root-finding algorithms,to calculate the optimal solutions.However,these approaches depend heavily on the properties of the analytic algorithm,making them inapplicable when problem settings change,such as in the case of a positive effective range or complicated target motions outside uniform rectilinear motion.In this study,an approach employing a high-accuracy and quality-guaranteed mixed-integer piecewise-linear program(QG-PWL)is proposed for the EMTIP.This program can accommodate different effective interception ranges and complicated target motions(variable velocity or complicated trajectories).The high accuracy and quality guarantees of QG-PWL originate from elegant strategies such as piecewise linearization and other developed operation strategies.The approximate error in the intercept path length is proved to be bounded to h^(2)/(4√2),where h is the piecewise length.展开更多
Effective treatment methods for stroke,a common cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality rate,are still being sought.Exosome therapy,a form of acellular therapy,has demonstrated promising efficacy in various dise...Effective treatment methods for stroke,a common cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality rate,are still being sought.Exosome therapy,a form of acellular therapy,has demonstrated promising efficacy in various diseases in animal models;however,there is currently insufficient evidence to guide the clinical application of exosome in patients with stroke.This article reviews the progress of exosome applications in stroke treatment.It aims to elucidate the significant potential value of exosomes in stroke therapy and provide a reference for their clinical translation.At present,many studies on exosome-based therapies for stroke are actively underway.Regarding preclinical research,exosomes,as bioactive substances with diverse sources,currently favor stem cells as their origin.Due to their high plasticity,exosomes can be effectively modified through various physical,chemical,and genetic engineering methods to enhance their efficacy.In animal models of stroke,exosome therapy can reduce neuroinflammatory responses,alleviate oxidative stress damage,and inhibit programmed cell death.Additionally,exosomes can promote angiogenesis,repair and regenerate damaged white matter fiber bundles,and facilitate the migration and differentiation of neural stem cells,aiding the repair process.We also summarize new directions for the application of exosomes,specifically the exosome intervention through the ventricular-meningeal lymphatic system.The review findings suggest that the treatment paradigm for stroke is poised for transformation.展开更多
Different forms of programmed cell death have been described to participate in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease(PD).Given the critical role that disturbance of mitochondrial homeostasis...Different forms of programmed cell death have been described to participate in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease(PD).Given the critical role that disturbance of mitochondrial homeostasis plays in the pathogenesis of PD,apoptosis can be reasonably considered as one of the cell death pathways involved in neuronal loss(Schon and Przedborski,2011).Multiple lines of evidence support that proposal such as the observations in postmortem human brain samples of PD patients including mitochondrial complex I deficiency,reactive oxygen species generation,and oxidative damage to lipids,proteins,and DNA,among others.展开更多
Progressive photoreceptor cell death is one of the main pathological features of age-related macular degeneration and eventually leads to vision loss.Ferroptosis has been demonstrated to be associated with retinal deg...Progressive photoreceptor cell death is one of the main pathological features of age-related macular degeneration and eventually leads to vision loss.Ferroptosis has been demonstrated to be associated with retinal degenerative diseases.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis and photoreceptor cell death in age-related macular degeneration remain largely unexplored.Bioinformatics and biochemical analyses in this study revealed xC^(–),solute carrier family 7 member 11-regulated ferroptosis as the predominant pathological process of photoreceptor cell degeneration in a light-induced dry age-related macular degeneration mouse model.This process involves the nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2-solute carrier family 7 member 11-glutathione peroxidase 4 signaling pathway,through which cystine depletion,iron ion accumulation,and enhanced lipid peroxidation ultimately lead to photoreceptor cell death and subsequent visual function impairment.We demonstrated that solute carrier family 7 member 11 overexpression blocked this process by inhibiting oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo.Conversely,solute carrier family 7 member 11 knockdown or the solute carrier family 7 member 11 inhibitor sulfasalazine and ferroptosis-inducing agent erastin aggravated H_(2)O_(2)-induced ferroptosis of 661W cells.These findings indicate solute carrier family 7 member 11 may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with retinal degenerative diseases including age-related macular degeneration.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the outcome and effectiveness of two screening programs,National Cancer Screening Program(NCSP)and opportunistic screening(OS),for the detection of gastric cancer. METHODS:A total of 45 654 subjects...AIM:To investigate the outcome and effectiveness of two screening programs,National Cancer Screening Program(NCSP)and opportunistic screening(OS),for the detection of gastric cancer. METHODS:A total of 45 654 subjects underwent upper endoscopy as part of the NCSP or OS at the Chung-Ang University Healthcare System in Korea between January 2007 and December 2010.The study population was comprised of subjects over the age of 40 years.More specifically,subjects who took part in the NCSP were Medicaid recipients and beneficiaries of the National Health Insurance Corporation.Still photo-graphs from the endoscopies diagnosed as gastric cancer were reviewed by two experienced endoscopists. RESULTS:The mean age of the screened subjects was 55 years for men and 54 years for women.A total of 126 cases(0.28%)of gastric cancer were detected from both screening programs;100 cases(0.3%)from NCSP and in 26 cases(0.2%)from OS.The proportion of early gastric cancer(EGC)detected in NCSP was higher than that in OS(74.0%vs 53.8%,P=0.046). Among the 34 416 screenees in NCSP,6585(19.1%) underwent upper endoscopy every other year as scheduled.Among the 11 238 screenees in OS,3050(27.1%) underwent upper endoscopy at least once every two years during the study period.The detection rate of gastric cancer was found to be significantly higher during irregular follow-up than during regular follow-up in both screening programs(0.3%vs 0.2%,P=0.036).A higher incidence of EGC than advanced gastric cancer was observed during regular follow-up compared with irregular follow-up. CONCLUSION:Compliance to the screening program is more important than the type of screening system used.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sleep problems are particularly prevalent in people with depression or anxiety disorder.Although mindfulness has been suggested as an important component in alleviating insomnia,no comprehensive review and ...BACKGROUND Sleep problems are particularly prevalent in people with depression or anxiety disorder.Although mindfulness has been suggested as an important component in alleviating insomnia,no comprehensive review and meta-analysis has been conducted to evaluate the effects of different mindfulness-based intervention(MBI)programs on sleep among people with depression or anxiety disorder.AIM To compare the effects of different MBI programs on sleep among people with depression or anxiety disorder.METHODS Related publications in Embase,Medline,PubMed and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched from January 2010 to June 2020 for randomised controlled trials.Data were synthesized using a random-effects or a fixed-effects model to analyse the effects of various MBI programs on sleep problems among people with depression or anxiety disorder.The fixed-effects model was used when heterogeneity was negligible,and the random-effects model was used when heterogeneity was significant to calculate the standardised mean differences(SMDs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS We identified 397 articles,of which 10 randomised controlled trials,involving a total of 541 participants,were included in the meta-analysis.Studies of internet mindfulness meditation intervention(IMMI),mindfulness meditation(MM),mindfulness-based cognitive therapy(MBCT),mindfulness-based stress reduction(MBSR)and mindfulness-based touch therapy(MBTT)met the inclusion criteria.The greatest effect sizes are reported in favour of MBTT,with SMDs of-1.138(95%CI:-1.937 to-0.340;P=0.005),followed by-1.003(95%CI:-1.645 to-0.360;P=0.002)for MBCT.SMDs of-0.618(95%CI:-0.980 to-0.257;P=0.001)and-0.551(95%CI:-0.842 to-0.260;P<0.0001)were reported for IMMI and MBSR in the pooling trials,respectively.Significant effects on sleep problem improvement are shown in all reviewed MBI programs,except MM,for which the effect size was shown to be nonsignificant.CONCLUSION All MBI programs(MBTT,MBCT,IMMI and MBSR),except MM,are effective options to improve sleep problems among people with depression or anxiety disorder.展开更多
AIM: To assess the effectiveness of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program(CDSMP) on glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) and selected self-reported measures.METHODS: We compared patients who received a diabetes self-c...AIM: To assess the effectiveness of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program(CDSMP) on glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) and selected self-reported measures.METHODS: We compared patients who received a diabetes self-care behavioral intervention, the CDSMP developed at the Stanford University, with controls whoreceived usual care on their HbA1c and selected self-reported measures, including diabetes self-care activities, health-related quality of life(HRQOL), pain and fatigue. The subjects were a subset of participants enrolled in a randomized controlled trial that took place at seven regional clinics of a university-affiliated integrated healthcare system of a multi-specialty group practice between January 2009 and June 2011. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c from randomization to 12 mo. Data were analyzed using multilevel statistical models and linear mixed models to provide unbiased estimates of intervention effects.RESULTS: Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics were generally comparable between the two groups. The average baseline HbA1c values in the CDSMP and control groups were 9.4% and 9.2%, respectively. Significant reductions in HbA1c were seen at 12 mo for the two groups, with adjusted changes around 0.6%(P < 0.0001), but the reductions did not differ significantly between the two groups(P = 0.885). Few significant differences were observed in participants' diabetes self-care activities. No significant differences were observed in the participants' HRQOL, pain, or fatigue measures.CONCLUSION: The CDSMP intervention may not lower HbA1c any better than good routine care in an integrated healthcare system. More research is needed to understand the benefits of self-management programs in primary care in different settings and populations.展开更多
Greenhouse gases, particularly the carbon dioxide, cause global warming and extreme weather, which has become a serious threat to human beings. The steel industry creates enormous amounts of carbon emission and has tr...Greenhouse gases, particularly the carbon dioxide, cause global warming and extreme weather, which has become a serious threat to human beings. The steel industry creates enormous amounts of carbon emission and has tremendous potential in carbon reduction. Considering the consistently increasing demand of iron and steel, to obtain significant carbon reduction by reducing the steel production is not practical, thus the development and implementa- tion of carbon reduction programs and technologies is important for the steel industry. Despite the significant poten- tial of carbon reduction in the steel industry, ironmaking and steelmaking processes are complex. Therefore, resear- ches and developments for the carbon reduction must focus on key processes. Here, key processes and technologies adopted in ULCOS program in EU, COURSE 50 program in Japan, POSCO program in South Korea, AISI pro- grams in US and other carbon reduction programs are summarized and evaluated, and feasible suggestions for carbon reduction in developing countries are presented. If effective measures can be referred to and taken in developing coun- tries, global carbon emission can be greatly reduced.展开更多
Background： Among numerous health benefits, sports participation has been shown to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Schools represent an ideal environment for increasing sports p...Background： Among numerous health benefits, sports participation has been shown to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Schools represent an ideal environment for increasing sports participation, but it is unclear how access and choice influence participation and whether characteristics of the school sports program differentially influence boys＇ and girls＇ participation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of high school athletic programs and determine the extent to which these characteristics influenced boys＇ and girls＇ sports team participation. Methods： Longitudinal telephone surveys were conducted with 1244 New Hampshire and Vermont students. Students self-reported their sports team participation at baseline （elementary school） and follow-up （high school）. High school personnel were surveyed to assess sports oppor- tunities, which were defined for this analysis as the number of sports offered per 100 students （i.e., choice） and the percent of sports offered that did not restrict the number of players （i.e., access）. Results： Approximately 70% of children participated on at least one sports team, including 73% of boys and 66% of girls. We detected sta- tistically significant interactions between sex and two school opportunity variables： 1） the number of sports offered per 100 students （i.e., choice） and 2） the percent of sports offered that did not restrict the number of players （i.e., access）. After controlling for children＇s baseline sports participation and other covariates, boys were more likely to play on at least one sports team per year if their school did not restrict participation in the most popular sports （relative risk, RR = 1.12, p 〈 0.01）; in contrast, girls were more likely to play on at least one sports team per year if their school offered a wider variety of sports （RR = 1.47, p 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Sports participation has previously been shown to confer a number of health benefits; as such, school sports programs may be an important, effective, and underused target for public health efforts, including obesity prevention programs. Efforts to increase physical activity among youth should consider both access and choice in school athletic programs. Schools may need to use different strategies to increase sports participation in boys and girls.展开更多
US military aircraft engine advanced technology programs were overviewed and analyzed from light weight gas generator(LWGG)program initiated in 1960 sthrough integrated high performance turbine engine technology(IHPTE...US military aircraft engine advanced technology programs were overviewed and analyzed from light weight gas generator(LWGG)program initiated in 1960 sthrough integrated high performance turbine engine technology(IHPTET)program started in 1980 s,then to versatile affordable advanced turbine engine(VAATE)program.Some features and trends were summarized and concluded by literature statistics method,such as teams based on closely corporation among government,industries and academics,goals oriented with national defence strategies and weapon system development requirements,engineering manufacture and development including all relative disciplines and areas,verification measured by technology readiness level,the application extending to military aircraft engine,civilian engine,gas turbine and space vehicle,etc.The experience and lessons obtained can provide reference and guide for technology research and engineering manufacture and development of military aircraft engines in the world.展开更多
Selection and use of molecular markers for evaluation of DNA polymorphism in plants are couple of the most important approaches in the field of molecular genetics.The assessment of genetic diversity using morphologica...Selection and use of molecular markers for evaluation of DNA polymorphism in plants are couple of the most important approaches in the field of molecular genetics.The assessment of genetic diversity using morphological markers is not sufficient due to little differentiating traits among the species,genera or their individuals.Morphological markers are not only highly influenced by environmental factors but skilled assessment is also prerequisite to find the variations in plant genetic resources.Therefore,molecular markers are considered as efficient tools for detailed DNA based characterization of fruit crops.Molecular markers provide new directions to the efforts of plant breeders particularly in genetic variability,gene tags,gene localization,taxonomy,genetic diversity,phylogenetic analysis and also play an important role to decrease the time required for development of new and excellent cultivars.The success of molecular markers technology in genetic improvement programs depends on the close relationship among the plant breeders,biotechnologists,skilled manpower and good financial support.The present review describes application and success of molecular markers technology used for genetic improvement in different fruit crops.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Shanghai Key Disciplines of Public Health(2023-2025)for New Threeyear Action Plan(Grant Nos.GWVI-11.1-22 and GWVI-11.1-23)the Fudan School of Public Health-Jiading CDC key disciplines for the high-quality development of public health(Grant No.GWGZLXK-2023-02)the Fudan Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program(Grant No.FDUROP-24647)。
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)remains one of the most common cancers and leading causes of cancer deaths globally1with 60.0%of cases and 56.6%of deaths occurring in East Asia.South Korea and Japan have conducted nationwide GC screening programs for decades but with essential differences in strategies,organization,and coverage2.
文摘Severe aortic stenosis has increased exponentially as a result of the aging of the population.Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)procedures increase by 20%-30%per year in Spain.Referred patients are increasingly older,have comorbidities,and frailty.TAVR cardiac rehabilitation(CR)programs significantly improve both functional capacity and quality of life of patients.However,there are no guidelines on how to carry out them and few elderly patients are referred to CR.Furthermore,mortality in women who undergo TAVR is higher than in men and even fewer are referred to CR programs.Multidisciplinary patient care,including comorbidities and frailty,is essential.It is necessary to ensure exquisite continuity of care during TAVR,CR,and the rest of the patient's life.Telerehabilitation could be an option in some lower-risk patients to include more patients in CR programs after TAVR,given the high demand.This article reviews the evidence on why CR should be performed in post-TAVR patients and proposes a practical and novel approach to the care process and the recommended aspects and components of the CR program.
基金supported by the L.E.“Red”Larson Endowment and grants number 2020-67015-30821 and 2023-67015-40730 from the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative of USDA-NIFAsupported by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan。
文摘Background Supplementation of choline chloride in culture medium programs the preimplantation bovine embryo to increase weaning weight of the resultant calf.Here,it was hypothesized that similar programming actions of choline can be induced by feeding rumen-protected choline(RPC)to beef cows during the periconceptional period.Results A preliminary experiment was conducted to determine changes in circulating concentrations of choline and its metabolites after RPC supplementation.Suckled beef cows were individually fed 0,30,60,and 90 g of RPC(i.e.,0,8.6,17.3 and 25.9 g choline chloride)and blood samples were collected at random times after feeding.There were no differences in plasma concentrations of choline or its metabolites between groups.In the second experiment,effects of feeding 60 g/d RPC from d-1 to 7 relative to timed artificial insemination were examined for suckled beef cows.Feeding RPC did not affect pregnancy or calving rates,pregnancy losses,plasma concentrations of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins,gestation length or calf birth weight.Calves from RPC fed dams were lighter than control calves at~118 days of age(range 75–150;age included in the statistical model)and at weaning at~248 days of age.There was no effect of treatment on hip height at~118 days of age although there was a trend for RPC calves to be shorter at weaning.Weight/height ratio was lower for RPC than control at both 118 and 248 days of age.Treatment did not affect testis weight at~118 days of age.Conclusions Supplementation of RPC during the periconceptional period programmed development to alter calf phenotype in the postnatal period.The net result,reduced body weight,was the opposite of the phenotype caused by the addition of choline to embryo culture medium.
基金funded by Department of Education of Guangdong Province(NO.2022GXJK239,2024SQXX_025)Guangzhou Sport University(NO.XGQN202410).
文摘Objectives:The objective of this study was to examine communication effectiveness(CE)in conjunction with participant satisfaction in a multicultural fitness program.Methods:Adults from a fitness program site with participant diversity and multicultural backgrounds were selected and asked to complete a three-part Fitness CE Evaluation Scale questionnaire:CE Questionnaire and Customer Satisfaction(CS)Scale plus a short demographic survey.A sample of 95 participants was recruited from a Midwest Functional 45 Fitness Training Program site in the U.S.A.Multivariate Analysis of Variance(MANOVA)tests were conducted for CE and CS variable vectors.Results:The results showed that there were significant main effects on CE and CS for nationality(p=0.001;p<0.001)and language(p=0.006;p<0.001),but no effect for participation frequency,respectively;there were also significant main effects on CS for gender(p=0.006)and membership type(p=0.019).Univariate tests revealed that domestics and/or first language participants scored significantly higher on reactionto strangers(p=0.001;p=0.001),uncertainty(p<0.001;p<0.001),facilities/services(p<0.001;p<0.001),individual/psychological factor(p=0.009;p=0.034),relaxation(p=0.018;p=0.021),social factor(p<0.001;p=0.002),and health/fitness(p<0.001;p=0.001),respectively.Conclusions:Being highly aware of fitness participants’uncertainty and reaction to strangers can help multicultural fitness program managers or trainers improve their communication effectiveness,which will continue improving their customers’satisfaction.
文摘Focusing on the reform of talent training under the background of the integration of production and education in vocational education,this paper takes Xinjiang Vocational College of Physical Education as the research object.Based on the field survey data of 36 enterprises and public institutions in Urumqi and Kashgar regions from May to June 2023,it systematically analyzes the demand characteristics,ability requirements of employers for sports professionals,and their feedback on current training programs.The research finds that employers have a strong demand for talent in sports training and physical education,and generally attach importance to professional skills and comprehensive quality,but they believe that graduates need pre-job training to be competent for the positions.Most units recognize the existing curriculum structure and support school-enterprise cooperation.Accordingly,this paper proposes that we should take moral education as the fundamental,optimize professional positioning,reconstruct the modular curriculum system,strengthen practical teaching and the integration of“courses,certificates,competitions,and posts,”deepen the coordination of production and education,and build a new employment-oriented training mechanism for high-quality sports technical and skilled talents.
基金The National Outstanding Young Scientist Foundation by NSFC(No.60703086,60503020)
文摘A two-phase monadic approach is presented for monadically slicing programs with procedures. In the monadic slice algorithm for interprocedural programs, phase 1 initializes the slice table of formal parameters in a procedure with the given labels, and then captures the callees＇ influence on callers when analyzing call statements. Phase 2 captures the callees＇ dependence on callers by replacing all given labels appearing in the corresponding sets of formal parameters. By the introduction of given labels, this slice method can obtain similar summary information in system-dependence-graph（SDG）-based algorithms for addressing the calling-context problem. With the use of the slice monad transformer, this monadic slicing approach achieves a high level of modularity and flexibility. It shows that the monadic interprocedural algorithm has less complexity and it is not less precise than SDG algorithms.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No60503020)the National Basic Research Program of China (973Program) (No2002CB312000)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (NoBK2006094)the Science Research Foundation of China University of Mining and Technology
文摘To solve the problems that the exception handling code is hard to test and maintain and that it affects the robustness and reliability of software, a method for evaluating the exception handling of programs is presented. The exception propagation graph （EPG） that describes the large programs with exception handling constructs is proposed by simplifying the control flow graph and it is applied to a case to verify its validity. According to the EPG, the exception handling code that never executes is identified; the points that are the most critical to controlling exception propagation are found; and the irrational exception handling code is corrected. The constructing algorithm for the EPG is given; thus, this provides a basis for automatically constructing the EPG and automatically correcting the irrational exception handling code.
文摘Races using kitefoil and windfoil surfboards have been in the Olympic Games for the first time in Paris 2024,signalling their relevance in sailing sports.However,the dynamics of these devices is yet not well understood,in particular the influence on the hydrodynamic forces and moments of the distance of the foil to the free surface.Considering this,the present paper documents an experimental investigation in which forces and torque produced,under uniform flow,by a full-scale state-of-the-art hydrofoil(suitable both for kitesurf and windsurf)were measured.A range of velocities,angles of attack,and submergences were tested,leading to Froude numbers based on submergence with maximum values around five,a typical range in actual sailing conditions.From these tests,formulae for the hydrodynamic coefficients have been proposed.They can be used for developing Velocity Prediction Programs(VPP)for this kind of craft,a necessary tool to plan racing configurations and to analyze their racing performance.With the aim of making the experimental data useful for benchmarking numerical models and for future research on related topics such as foil ventilation and transition to turbulence,the specimen’s 3D file is provided as supplementary material to this paper.
基金financially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación projects SAF2017-82736-C2-1-R to MTMFin Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and by Fundación Universidad Francisco de Vitoria to JS+2 种基金a predoctoral scholarship from Fundación Universidad Francisco de Vitoriafinancial support from a 6-month contract from Universidad Autónoma de Madrida 3-month contract from the School of Medicine of Universidad Francisco de Vitoria。
文摘Every year, around the world, between 250,000 and 500,000 people suffer a spinal cord injury(SCI). SCI is a devastating medical condition that arises from trauma or disease-induced damage to the spinal cord, disrupting the neural connections that allow communication between the brain and the rest of the body, which results in varying degrees of motor and sensory impairment. Disconnection in the spinal tracts is an irreversible condition owing to the poor capacity for spontaneous axonal regeneration in the affected neurons.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci‐ence Foundation of China(Grant No.62306325)。
文摘During the use of robotics in applications such as antiterrorism or combat,a motion-constrained pursuer vehicle,such as a Dubins unmanned surface vehicle(USV),must get close enough(within a prescribed zero or positive distance)to a moving target as quickly as possible,resulting in the extended minimum-time intercept problem(EMTIP).Existing research has primarily focused on the zero-distance intercept problem,MTIP,establishing the necessary or sufficient conditions for MTIP optimality,and utilizing analytic algorithms,such as root-finding algorithms,to calculate the optimal solutions.However,these approaches depend heavily on the properties of the analytic algorithm,making them inapplicable when problem settings change,such as in the case of a positive effective range or complicated target motions outside uniform rectilinear motion.In this study,an approach employing a high-accuracy and quality-guaranteed mixed-integer piecewise-linear program(QG-PWL)is proposed for the EMTIP.This program can accommodate different effective interception ranges and complicated target motions(variable velocity or complicated trajectories).The high accuracy and quality guarantees of QG-PWL originate from elegant strategies such as piecewise linearization and other developed operation strategies.The approximate error in the intercept path length is proved to be bounded to h^(2)/(4√2),where h is the piecewise length.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,No.CSTB2023NSCQ-mSX0561(to WL).
文摘Effective treatment methods for stroke,a common cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality rate,are still being sought.Exosome therapy,a form of acellular therapy,has demonstrated promising efficacy in various diseases in animal models;however,there is currently insufficient evidence to guide the clinical application of exosome in patients with stroke.This article reviews the progress of exosome applications in stroke treatment.It aims to elucidate the significant potential value of exosomes in stroke therapy and provide a reference for their clinical translation.At present,many studies on exosome-based therapies for stroke are actively underway.Regarding preclinical research,exosomes,as bioactive substances with diverse sources,currently favor stem cells as their origin.Due to their high plasticity,exosomes can be effectively modified through various physical,chemical,and genetic engineering methods to enhance their efficacy.In animal models of stroke,exosome therapy can reduce neuroinflammatory responses,alleviate oxidative stress damage,and inhibit programmed cell death.Additionally,exosomes can promote angiogenesis,repair and regenerate damaged white matter fiber bundles,and facilitate the migration and differentiation of neural stem cells,aiding the repair process.We also summarize new directions for the application of exosomes,specifically the exosome intervention through the ventricular-meningeal lymphatic system.The review findings suggest that the treatment paradigm for stroke is poised for transformation.
基金supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/Agencia Española de Investigación(PID2021-124096OB-I00)(to JLV)JGR was granted by Demensfonden,The Royal Physiografic Society of Lund,Neurofonden,The Greta och Johan Kocks stiftelser,and Bertil och Ebon Norlins stiftelse.
文摘Different forms of programmed cell death have been described to participate in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease(PD).Given the critical role that disturbance of mitochondrial homeostasis plays in the pathogenesis of PD,apoptosis can be reasonably considered as one of the cell death pathways involved in neuronal loss(Schon and Przedborski,2011).Multiple lines of evidence support that proposal such as the observations in postmortem human brain samples of PD patients including mitochondrial complex I deficiency,reactive oxygen species generation,and oxidative damage to lipids,proteins,and DNA,among others.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82171076(to XS)and U22A20311(to XS),82101168(to TL)Shanghai Science and technology Innovation Action Plan,No.23Y11901300(to JS)+1 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,No.21ZR1451500(to TL)Shanghai Pujiang Program,No.22PJ1412200(to BY)。
文摘Progressive photoreceptor cell death is one of the main pathological features of age-related macular degeneration and eventually leads to vision loss.Ferroptosis has been demonstrated to be associated with retinal degenerative diseases.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis and photoreceptor cell death in age-related macular degeneration remain largely unexplored.Bioinformatics and biochemical analyses in this study revealed xC^(–),solute carrier family 7 member 11-regulated ferroptosis as the predominant pathological process of photoreceptor cell degeneration in a light-induced dry age-related macular degeneration mouse model.This process involves the nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2-solute carrier family 7 member 11-glutathione peroxidase 4 signaling pathway,through which cystine depletion,iron ion accumulation,and enhanced lipid peroxidation ultimately lead to photoreceptor cell death and subsequent visual function impairment.We demonstrated that solute carrier family 7 member 11 overexpression blocked this process by inhibiting oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo.Conversely,solute carrier family 7 member 11 knockdown or the solute carrier family 7 member 11 inhibitor sulfasalazine and ferroptosis-inducing agent erastin aggravated H_(2)O_(2)-induced ferroptosis of 661W cells.These findings indicate solute carrier family 7 member 11 may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with retinal degenerative diseases including age-related macular degeneration.
基金Supported by The Chung-Ang University Research Grants in 2011
文摘AIM:To investigate the outcome and effectiveness of two screening programs,National Cancer Screening Program(NCSP)and opportunistic screening(OS),for the detection of gastric cancer. METHODS:A total of 45 654 subjects underwent upper endoscopy as part of the NCSP or OS at the Chung-Ang University Healthcare System in Korea between January 2007 and December 2010.The study population was comprised of subjects over the age of 40 years.More specifically,subjects who took part in the NCSP were Medicaid recipients and beneficiaries of the National Health Insurance Corporation.Still photo-graphs from the endoscopies diagnosed as gastric cancer were reviewed by two experienced endoscopists. RESULTS:The mean age of the screened subjects was 55 years for men and 54 years for women.A total of 126 cases(0.28%)of gastric cancer were detected from both screening programs;100 cases(0.3%)from NCSP and in 26 cases(0.2%)from OS.The proportion of early gastric cancer(EGC)detected in NCSP was higher than that in OS(74.0%vs 53.8%,P=0.046). Among the 34 416 screenees in NCSP,6585(19.1%) underwent upper endoscopy every other year as scheduled.Among the 11 238 screenees in OS,3050(27.1%) underwent upper endoscopy at least once every two years during the study period.The detection rate of gastric cancer was found to be significantly higher during irregular follow-up than during regular follow-up in both screening programs(0.3%vs 0.2%,P=0.036).A higher incidence of EGC than advanced gastric cancer was observed during regular follow-up compared with irregular follow-up. CONCLUSION:Compliance to the screening program is more important than the type of screening system used.
文摘BACKGROUND Sleep problems are particularly prevalent in people with depression or anxiety disorder.Although mindfulness has been suggested as an important component in alleviating insomnia,no comprehensive review and meta-analysis has been conducted to evaluate the effects of different mindfulness-based intervention(MBI)programs on sleep among people with depression or anxiety disorder.AIM To compare the effects of different MBI programs on sleep among people with depression or anxiety disorder.METHODS Related publications in Embase,Medline,PubMed and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched from January 2010 to June 2020 for randomised controlled trials.Data were synthesized using a random-effects or a fixed-effects model to analyse the effects of various MBI programs on sleep problems among people with depression or anxiety disorder.The fixed-effects model was used when heterogeneity was negligible,and the random-effects model was used when heterogeneity was significant to calculate the standardised mean differences(SMDs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS We identified 397 articles,of which 10 randomised controlled trials,involving a total of 541 participants,were included in the meta-analysis.Studies of internet mindfulness meditation intervention(IMMI),mindfulness meditation(MM),mindfulness-based cognitive therapy(MBCT),mindfulness-based stress reduction(MBSR)and mindfulness-based touch therapy(MBTT)met the inclusion criteria.The greatest effect sizes are reported in favour of MBTT,with SMDs of-1.138(95%CI:-1.937 to-0.340;P=0.005),followed by-1.003(95%CI:-1.645 to-0.360;P=0.002)for MBCT.SMDs of-0.618(95%CI:-0.980 to-0.257;P=0.001)and-0.551(95%CI:-0.842 to-0.260;P<0.0001)were reported for IMMI and MBSR in the pooling trials,respectively.Significant effects on sleep problem improvement are shown in all reviewed MBI programs,except MM,for which the effect size was shown to be nonsignificant.CONCLUSION All MBI programs(MBTT,MBCT,IMMI and MBSR),except MM,are effective options to improve sleep problems among people with depression or anxiety disorder.
基金Supported by The National Institutes of Health’s National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities,No.#1P20MD002295
文摘AIM: To assess the effectiveness of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program(CDSMP) on glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) and selected self-reported measures.METHODS: We compared patients who received a diabetes self-care behavioral intervention, the CDSMP developed at the Stanford University, with controls whoreceived usual care on their HbA1c and selected self-reported measures, including diabetes self-care activities, health-related quality of life(HRQOL), pain and fatigue. The subjects were a subset of participants enrolled in a randomized controlled trial that took place at seven regional clinics of a university-affiliated integrated healthcare system of a multi-specialty group practice between January 2009 and June 2011. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c from randomization to 12 mo. Data were analyzed using multilevel statistical models and linear mixed models to provide unbiased estimates of intervention effects.RESULTS: Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics were generally comparable between the two groups. The average baseline HbA1c values in the CDSMP and control groups were 9.4% and 9.2%, respectively. Significant reductions in HbA1c were seen at 12 mo for the two groups, with adjusted changes around 0.6%(P < 0.0001), but the reductions did not differ significantly between the two groups(P = 0.885). Few significant differences were observed in participants' diabetes self-care activities. No significant differences were observed in the participants' HRQOL, pain, or fatigue measures.CONCLUSION: The CDSMP intervention may not lower HbA1c any better than good routine care in an integrated healthcare system. More research is needed to understand the benefits of self-management programs in primary care in different settings and populations.
基金Sponsored by National Key Technology Research and Development Program in 12th Five-year Plan of China(2013BAE07B00)
文摘Greenhouse gases, particularly the carbon dioxide, cause global warming and extreme weather, which has become a serious threat to human beings. The steel industry creates enormous amounts of carbon emission and has tremendous potential in carbon reduction. Considering the consistently increasing demand of iron and steel, to obtain significant carbon reduction by reducing the steel production is not practical, thus the development and implementa- tion of carbon reduction programs and technologies is important for the steel industry. Despite the significant poten- tial of carbon reduction in the steel industry, ironmaking and steelmaking processes are complex. Therefore, resear- ches and developments for the carbon reduction must focus on key processes. Here, key processes and technologies adopted in ULCOS program in EU, COURSE 50 program in Japan, POSCO program in South Korea, AISI pro- grams in US and other carbon reduction programs are summarized and evaluated, and feasible suggestions for carbon reduction in developing countries are presented. If effective measures can be referred to and taken in developing coun- tries, global carbon emission can be greatly reduced.
基金funded by the U.S.National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences(ES014218)the U.S.National Cancer Institute(CA94273)
文摘Background： Among numerous health benefits, sports participation has been shown to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Schools represent an ideal environment for increasing sports participation, but it is unclear how access and choice influence participation and whether characteristics of the school sports program differentially influence boys＇ and girls＇ participation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of high school athletic programs and determine the extent to which these characteristics influenced boys＇ and girls＇ sports team participation. Methods： Longitudinal telephone surveys were conducted with 1244 New Hampshire and Vermont students. Students self-reported their sports team participation at baseline （elementary school） and follow-up （high school）. High school personnel were surveyed to assess sports oppor- tunities, which were defined for this analysis as the number of sports offered per 100 students （i.e., choice） and the percent of sports offered that did not restrict the number of players （i.e., access）. Results： Approximately 70% of children participated on at least one sports team, including 73% of boys and 66% of girls. We detected sta- tistically significant interactions between sex and two school opportunity variables： 1） the number of sports offered per 100 students （i.e., choice） and 2） the percent of sports offered that did not restrict the number of players （i.e., access）. After controlling for children＇s baseline sports participation and other covariates, boys were more likely to play on at least one sports team per year if their school did not restrict participation in the most popular sports （relative risk, RR = 1.12, p 〈 0.01）; in contrast, girls were more likely to play on at least one sports team per year if their school offered a wider variety of sports （RR = 1.47, p 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Sports participation has previously been shown to confer a number of health benefits; as such, school sports programs may be an important, effective, and underused target for public health efforts, including obesity prevention programs. Efforts to increase physical activity among youth should consider both access and choice in school athletic programs. Schools may need to use different strategies to increase sports participation in boys and girls.
文摘US military aircraft engine advanced technology programs were overviewed and analyzed from light weight gas generator(LWGG)program initiated in 1960 sthrough integrated high performance turbine engine technology(IHPTET)program started in 1980 s,then to versatile affordable advanced turbine engine(VAATE)program.Some features and trends were summarized and concluded by literature statistics method,such as teams based on closely corporation among government,industries and academics,goals oriented with national defence strategies and weapon system development requirements,engineering manufacture and development including all relative disciplines and areas,verification measured by technology readiness level,the application extending to military aircraft engine,civilian engine,gas turbine and space vehicle,etc.The experience and lessons obtained can provide reference and guide for technology research and engineering manufacture and development of military aircraft engines in the world.
文摘Selection and use of molecular markers for evaluation of DNA polymorphism in plants are couple of the most important approaches in the field of molecular genetics.The assessment of genetic diversity using morphological markers is not sufficient due to little differentiating traits among the species,genera or their individuals.Morphological markers are not only highly influenced by environmental factors but skilled assessment is also prerequisite to find the variations in plant genetic resources.Therefore,molecular markers are considered as efficient tools for detailed DNA based characterization of fruit crops.Molecular markers provide new directions to the efforts of plant breeders particularly in genetic variability,gene tags,gene localization,taxonomy,genetic diversity,phylogenetic analysis and also play an important role to decrease the time required for development of new and excellent cultivars.The success of molecular markers technology in genetic improvement programs depends on the close relationship among the plant breeders,biotechnologists,skilled manpower and good financial support.The present review describes application and success of molecular markers technology used for genetic improvement in different fruit crops.
