Gastric cancer(GC)remains one of the most common cancers and leading causes of cancer deaths globally1with 60.0%of cases and 56.6%of deaths occurring in East Asia.South Korea and Japan have conducted nationwide GC scr...Gastric cancer(GC)remains one of the most common cancers and leading causes of cancer deaths globally1with 60.0%of cases and 56.6%of deaths occurring in East Asia.South Korea and Japan have conducted nationwide GC screening programs for decades but with essential differences in strategies,organization,and coverage2.展开更多
Severe aortic stenosis has increased exponentially as a result of the aging of the population.Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)procedures increase by 20%-30%per year in Spain.Referred patients are increasin...Severe aortic stenosis has increased exponentially as a result of the aging of the population.Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)procedures increase by 20%-30%per year in Spain.Referred patients are increasingly older,have comorbidities,and frailty.TAVR cardiac rehabilitation(CR)programs significantly improve both functional capacity and quality of life of patients.However,there are no guidelines on how to carry out them and few elderly patients are referred to CR.Furthermore,mortality in women who undergo TAVR is higher than in men and even fewer are referred to CR programs.Multidisciplinary patient care,including comorbidities and frailty,is essential.It is necessary to ensure exquisite continuity of care during TAVR,CR,and the rest of the patient's life.Telerehabilitation could be an option in some lower-risk patients to include more patients in CR programs after TAVR,given the high demand.This article reviews the evidence on why CR should be performed in post-TAVR patients and proposes a practical and novel approach to the care process and the recommended aspects and components of the CR program.展开更多
Background Supplementation of choline chloride in culture medium programs the preimplantation bovine embryo to increase weaning weight of the resultant calf.Here,it was hypothesized that similar programming actions of...Background Supplementation of choline chloride in culture medium programs the preimplantation bovine embryo to increase weaning weight of the resultant calf.Here,it was hypothesized that similar programming actions of choline can be induced by feeding rumen-protected choline(RPC)to beef cows during the periconceptional period.Results A preliminary experiment was conducted to determine changes in circulating concentrations of choline and its metabolites after RPC supplementation.Suckled beef cows were individually fed 0,30,60,and 90 g of RPC(i.e.,0,8.6,17.3 and 25.9 g choline chloride)and blood samples were collected at random times after feeding.There were no differences in plasma concentrations of choline or its metabolites between groups.In the second experiment,effects of feeding 60 g/d RPC from d-1 to 7 relative to timed artificial insemination were examined for suckled beef cows.Feeding RPC did not affect pregnancy or calving rates,pregnancy losses,plasma concentrations of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins,gestation length or calf birth weight.Calves from RPC fed dams were lighter than control calves at~118 days of age(range 75–150;age included in the statistical model)and at weaning at~248 days of age.There was no effect of treatment on hip height at~118 days of age although there was a trend for RPC calves to be shorter at weaning.Weight/height ratio was lower for RPC than control at both 118 and 248 days of age.Treatment did not affect testis weight at~118 days of age.Conclusions Supplementation of RPC during the periconceptional period programmed development to alter calf phenotype in the postnatal period.The net result,reduced body weight,was the opposite of the phenotype caused by the addition of choline to embryo culture medium.展开更多
this paper,we propose a class of smoothing-regularization methods for solving the mathematical programming with vanishing constraints.These methods include the smoothing-regularization method proposed by Kanzow et al....this paper,we propose a class of smoothing-regularization methods for solving the mathematical programming with vanishing constraints.These methods include the smoothing-regularization method proposed by Kanzow et al.in[Comput.Optim.Appl.,2013,55(3):733-767]as a special case.Under the weaker conditions than the ones that have been used by Kanzow et al.in 2013,we prove that the Mangasarian-Fromovitz constraint qualification holds at the feasible points of smoothing-regularization problem.We also analyze that the convergence behavior of the proposed smoothing-regularization method under mild conditions,i.e.,any accumulation point of the stationary point sequence for the smoothing-regularization problem is a strong stationary point.Finally,numerical experiments are given to show the efficiency of the proposed methods.展开更多
Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)programs have been widely applied in liver surgery since the publication of the first ERAS guidelines in 2016 and the new recommendations in 2022.Liver surgery is usually performed...Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)programs have been widely applied in liver surgery since the publication of the first ERAS guidelines in 2016 and the new recommendations in 2022.Liver surgery is usually performed in oncological patients(liver metastasis,hepatocellular carcinoma,cholangiocarcinoma,etc.),but the real impact of liver surgery ERAS programs in oncological outcomes is not clearly defined.Theoretical advantages of ERAS programs are:ERAS decreases postoperative complication rates and has been demonstrated a clear relationship between complications and oncological outcomes;a better and faster posto-perative recovery should let oncologic teams begin chemotherapeutic regimens on time;prehabilitation and nutrition actions before surgery should also improve the performance status of the patients receiving chemotherapy.So,ERAS could be another way to improve our oncological results.We will discuss the literature about liver surgery ERAS focusing on its oncological implications and future investigations projects.展开更多
Investing in projects that support environmental benefits,such as tree harvesting,has the potential to reduce air pollution levels in the atmosphere in the future.However,this kind of investment may increase the curre...Investing in projects that support environmental benefits,such as tree harvesting,has the potential to reduce air pollution levels in the atmosphere in the future.However,this kind of investment may increase the current level of emissions.Therefore,it is necessary to estimate how much the policy affects the current level of CO_(2) emissions.This makes sure the policy doesn’t increase the level of CO_(2) emis-sions.This study aims to analyze the effect of the One Bil-lion Trees program on CO_(2) emissions in New Zealand by employing the 2020 input–output table analysis.This inves-tigation examines the direct and indirect effects of policy on both the demand and supply sides across six regions of New Zealand.The results of this study for the first year of plantation suggest that the policy increases the level of CO_(2) emissions in all regions,especially in the Waikato region.The direct and indirect impact of the policy leads to 64 kt of CO_(2) emissions on the demand side and 270 kt of CO_(2) emis-sions on the supply side.These lead to 0.19 and 0.74%of total CO_(2) emissions being attributed to investment shocks.Continuing the policy is recommended,as it has a low effect on CO_(2) emissions.However,it is crucial to prioritize the use of low-carbon machinery that uses fossil fuels during the plantation process.展开更多
In today’s society, the incidence of cardiopulmonary diseases is increasing annually, seriously affecting patients’ quality of life. Therefore, developing a scientific and effective rehabilitation training program i...In today’s society, the incidence of cardiopulmonary diseases is increasing annually, seriously affecting patients’ quality of life. Therefore, developing a scientific and effective rehabilitation training program is of great significance. This study first analyzes the theoretical basis of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training, including the effects of aerobic exercise, interval training, and strength training on cardiopulmonary function. Based on this, a comprehensive rehabilitation training program is designed, which includes personalized training plans, comprehensive interventions, multidisciplinary collaboration, patient education, and regular follow-up visits. The cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training plan developed in this study has certain scientific practicability, which provides a theoretical basis for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training, and also provides a reference for medical institutions, rehabilitation centers and communities, which is helpful for promotion and application to a wider range of patients with cardiopulmonary diseases.展开更多
Awareness policy intended to contribute to changing rural women realities to urgent needs of information and gain knowledge was to be demonstrated through in-depth information and communication technology-based(ICTs-b...Awareness policy intended to contribute to changing rural women realities to urgent needs of information and gain knowledge was to be demonstrated through in-depth information and communication technology-based(ICTs-based)training program that focused on the importance of advanced agricultural technologies in the production chain in developing countries like Egypt through access and use of the ICTs.Women are becoming well trained on the detailed steps of improved technologies applied in supply chain.Their increased awareness of the necessity of quality management to be followed during their work in the postharvest handling system helped them to produce high-quality products to meet the export requirements of foreign markets and add value to the export quality.Women have been able to reduce the extremely high losses that occurred due to improper handling in particular.The outcomes of proper and healthy procedures,precautions and personal protection were gained by rural women and technicians working in the supply chain.Moreover,women themselves became more confident in their know-how and more comfortable in transgressing cultural norms that inhibited their progress.展开更多
Life insurance companies,as equity stakeholders in policyholders’lives,have incentives to mitigate their health risks.I introduce a framework that enables life insurers to evaluate the financial viability of developi...Life insurance companies,as equity stakeholders in policyholders’lives,have incentives to mitigate their health risks.I introduce a framework that enables life insurers to evaluate the financial viability of developing and implementing health engagement programs.By leveraging a proprietary big database of health and mortality information from a large U.S.life insurer,I use machine learning techniques to quantify the benefits and use a rational addiction model to calculate the costs associated with these programs.The estimated net benefit available to the life insurer from the smoking cessation program is USD 87 million and the aggregate benefit from including other chronic conditions is USD 872 million.I explore the broader application of this framework in a general health policy context.展开更多
This study investigated the current status of course satisfaction among 416 undergraduate students majoring in preschool education from four universities in China.And it explored the predictive effects of five influen...This study investigated the current status of course satisfaction among 416 undergraduate students majoring in preschool education from four universities in China.And it explored the predictive effects of five influencing factors(teacher instruction,course management,course setting,course environment,and course resources)on student satisfaction.Through SPSS data analysis,the findings revealed that:1.the mean value of course experience was M=3.861(out of 5);2.there were differences in the satisfaction of undergraduate students'course experience by different background variables;3.course,course resources,and loyalty had significant predictive power on undergraduate students'satisfaction with course experience;4.instructor instruction(TI)did not significantly predict students'satisfaction with course experience(SCES)(p>0.001);5.Faculty instruction(TI)in this study had the highest mean satisfaction score(M=4.191)and the mean satisfaction score was only(M=3.861).The results show that the current status of course satisfaction among Chinese preschool undergraduates is at an moderate level,and there is more space for improvement;although students'satisfaction with teacher instruction(TI)is high,effective teacher instruction does not have a substantial impact on the acquisition of SCES or general competencies,and this passive learning and teaching style leads to a lack of independent learning and active participation among Chinese preschool undergraduate students.展开更多
Objective:The study aims to review and discuss the outcomes of emergency preparedness training programs among nursing students.Methods:A scoping review was conducted based on the guidelines of Arskey and O’Malley.Dat...Objective:The study aims to review and discuss the outcomes of emergency preparedness training programs among nursing students.Methods:A scoping review was conducted based on the guidelines of Arskey and O’Malley.Databases through PubMed,Science Direct,and Google Scholar were used to obtain the relevant articles within the scoping review.Results:The researchers found 1175 articles.After manual review,28 articles were identified and assessed.The review reported that the emergency preparedness training program significantly affects preparedness,knowledge,performance,self-efficacy,learning motivation,self-confidence,satisfaction,critical decision-making,and problem-solving.Conclusions:Emergency training effectively increases knowledge,skills,confidence,satisfaction,and team performance.展开更多
Structural development defects essentially refer to code structure that violates object-oriented design principles. They make program maintenance challenging and deteriorate software quality over time. Various detecti...Structural development defects essentially refer to code structure that violates object-oriented design principles. They make program maintenance challenging and deteriorate software quality over time. Various detection approaches, ranging from traditional heuristic algorithms to machine learning methods, are used to identify these defects. Ensemble learning methods have strengthened the detection of these defects. However, existing approaches do not simultaneously exploit the capabilities of extracting relevant features from pre-trained models and the performance of neural networks for the classification task. Therefore, our goal has been to design a model that combines a pre-trained model to extract relevant features from code excerpts through transfer learning and a bagging method with a base estimator, a dense neural network, for defect classification. To achieve this, we composed multiple samples of the same size with replacements from the imbalanced dataset MLCQ1. For all the samples, we used the CodeT5-small variant to extract features and trained a bagging method with the neural network Roberta Classification Head to classify defects based on these features. We then compared this model to RandomForest, one of the ensemble methods that yields good results. Our experiments showed that the number of base estimators to use for bagging depends on the defect to be detected. Next, we observed that it was not necessary to use a data balancing technique with our model when the imbalance rate was 23%. Finally, for blob detection, RandomForest had a median MCC value of 0.36 compared to 0.12 for our method. However, our method was predominant in Long Method detection with a median MCC value of 0.53 compared to 0.42 for RandomForest. These results suggest that the performance of ensemble methods in detecting structural development defects is dependent on specific defects.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is an inflammation-associated tumor with a dismal prognosis.Immunotherapy has become an important treatment strategy for HCC,as immunity is closely related to inflammation in th...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is an inflammation-associated tumor with a dismal prognosis.Immunotherapy has become an important treatment strategy for HCC,as immunity is closely related to inflammation in the tumor microenvir-onment.Inflammation regulates the expression of programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1)in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and affects im-munotherapy efficacy.Interleukin-17A(IL-17A)is involved in the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment and plays a protumor or antitumor role in different tumors.We hypothesized that IL-17A participates in tumor progression by affe-cting the level of immune checkpoint molecules in HCC.The upregulation of PD-L1 expression in HCC cells by IL-17A was assessed by reverse transcription PCR,western blotting,and flow cytometry.Mechanistic studies were conducted with gene knockout models and pathway inhibitors.The function of IL-17A in immune evasion was explored through coculture of T cells and HCC cells.The effects of IL-17A on the malignant biological behaviors of HCC cells were evaluated in vitro,and the antitumor effects of an IL-17A inhibitor and its synergistic effects with a PD-L1 inhibitor were studied in vivo.RESULTS IL-17A upregulated PD-L1 expression in HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner,whereas IL-17A receptor knockout or treatment with a small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 inhibitor diminished the PD-L1 expression induced by IL-17A.IL-17A enhanced the survival of HCC cells in the coculture system.IL-17A increased the viability,G2/M ratio,and migration of HCC cells and decreased the apoptotic index.Cyclin D1,VEGF,MMP9,and Bcl-1 expression increased after IL-17A treatment,whereas BAX expression decreased.The combination of IL-17A and PD-L1 inhibitors showed synergistic antitumor efficacy and increased cluster of differentiation 8+T lymphocyte infiltration in an HCC mouse model.CONCLUSION IL-17A upregulates PD-L1 expression via the IL-17A receptor/phosphorylation-small mothers against decapenta-plegic 2 signaling pathway in HCC cells.Blocking IL-17A enhances the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 antibodies in HCC in vivo.展开更多
Generating dynamically feasible trajectory for fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)in dense obstacle environments remains computationally intractable.This paper proposes a Safe Flight Corridor constrained Sequent...Generating dynamically feasible trajectory for fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)in dense obstacle environments remains computationally intractable.This paper proposes a Safe Flight Corridor constrained Sequential Convex Programming(SFC-SCP)to improve the computation efficiency and reliability of trajectory generation.SFC-SCP combines the front-end convex polyhedron SFC construction and back-end SCP-based trajectory optimization.A Sparse A^(*)Search(SAS)driven SFC construction method is designed to efficiently generate polyhedron SFC according to the geometric relation among obstacles and collision-free waypoints.Via transforming the nonconvex obstacle-avoidance constraints to linear inequality constraints,SFC can mitigate infeasibility of trajectory planning and reduce computation complexity.Then,SCP casts the nonlinear trajectory optimization subject to SFC into convex programming subproblems to decrease the problem complexity.In addition,a convex optimizer based on interior point method is customized,where the search direction is calculated via successive elimination to further improve efficiency.Simulation experiments on dense obstacle scenarios show that SFC-SCP can generate dynamically feasible safe trajectory rapidly.Comparative studies with state-of-the-art SCP-based methods demonstrate the efficiency and reliability merits of SFC-SCP.Besides,the customized convex optimizer outperforms off-the-shelf optimizers in terms of computation time.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignancies worldwide,and Helicobacter pylori(HP)infection is a well-established risk factor for its development.Programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)expression is a ...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignancies worldwide,and Helicobacter pylori(HP)infection is a well-established risk factor for its development.Programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)expression is a crucial biomarker for predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment.While HP infection and PD-L1 expression in GC may be linked,the relationship between them remains unclear,in part because there have been conflicting results reported from various studies.AIM To perform a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between HP and PD-L1 expression in patients with GC.METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science databases.Observational studies that examined the association between HP infection and PD-L1 expression in patients with GC were included.Odds ratios and 95%confidence intervals were calculated to estimate the association.Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane’s Q test and I²statistic.A random-effects model was used due to significant heterogeneity across studies.RESULTS Fourteen studies involving a total of 3069 patients with GC were included.The pooled analysis showed a significant association between HP infection and increased PD-L1 expression in GC tissues(odd ratio=1.69,95%confidence interval:1.24-2.29,P<0.001,I^(2)=59%).Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.Subgroup analyses did not show significant variation based on geographic region,sample size,or method of PD-L1 assessment.Publication bias was minimal,as shown by funnel plots and Egger’s regression test.CONCLUSION HP infection is associated with increased PD-L1 expression in GC,suggesting that HP status may influence the response to programmed cell death protein 1/PD-L1 blockade therapy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Breast cancer(BC)continues to occupy a leading position in terms of morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms among the female population.One of the promising markers associated with BC progression i...BACKGROUND Breast cancer(BC)continues to occupy a leading position in terms of morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms among the female population.One of the promising markers associated with BC progression is programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1).Previously,we investigated PD-L1 expression in BC via a new antibody against programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1(PDCD1 LG1)and reported that high PDCD1 LG1 expression in tumor cells is an independent factor for a high risk of regional metastasis in patients with BC.However,the prognostic significance of PDCD1 LG1 expression in BC stromal cells has not been adequately studied.AIM To study the features of PDCD1 LG1 expression in BC stromal cells and its relationship with BC clinicopathological characteristics.METHODS In a prospective single-center observational study,tumor samples from 148 patients with newly diagnosed BC were examined.The tumor sections were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against PDCD1 LG1.In the tumor samples,the PDCD1 LG1-positive lymphocyte(PDCD1 LG1+LF)score,presence of nuclear PDCD1 LG1 expression in the LFs,PDCD1 LG1 expression in polymorphic cell infiltrates(PDCD1 LG1+polymorphic cell infiltrates[PCIs]),and cells of the fibroblastic stroma and endothelial cells of the tumor microvessels were assessed.Statistical analyses were performed using Statistica 10.0 software.RESULTS A PDCD1 LG1+LF score≥3 was detected more often at stages N0 and N3 than at N1 and N2(P=0.03).Moderate and pronounced PDCD1 LG1+PCIs and the presence of PDCD1 LG1+fibroblastic stroma were associated with negative estrogen receptor status(P=0.0008 and P=0.03,respectively),human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive(HER2+)BC(P<0.00001 and P=0.0005),and luminal B HER2+,non-luminal HER2+and triple-negative BC(P<0.00001 and P=0.004).The risk of metastasis to regional lymph nodes(RLNs)depend on lymphovascular invasion(LVI)and the PDCD1 LG1+LF score.In the absence of LVI and a PDCD1 LG1+LF score<3 or≥3,metastases in RLNs were absent in 66.6%and 93.9%of patients with BC,respectively.In the presence of LVI and a PDCD1 LG1+LF score<3 or≥3,metastases in RLNs were detected in 82.6%and 92.7%of patients with BC,respectively.CONCLUSION The results indicated that the combined assessment of the PDCD1 LG1+LF score and LVI can improve the accuracy of predicting the risk of metastasis to RLNs in patients with BC.展开更多
Ship outfitting is a key process in shipbuilding.Efficient and high-quality ship outfitting is a top priority for modern shipyards.These activities are conducted at different stations of shipyards.The outfitting plan ...Ship outfitting is a key process in shipbuilding.Efficient and high-quality ship outfitting is a top priority for modern shipyards.These activities are conducted at different stations of shipyards.The outfitting plan is one of the crucial issues in shipbuilding.In this paper,production scheduling and material ordering with endogenous uncertainty of the outfitting process are investigated.The uncertain factors in outfitting equipment production are usually decision-related,which leads to difficulties in addressing uncertainties in the outfitting production workshops before production is conducted according to plan.This uncertainty is regarded as endogenous uncertainty and can be treated as non-anticipativity constraints in the model.To address this problem,a stochastic two-stage programming model with endogenous uncertainty is established to optimize the outfitting job scheduling and raw material ordering process.A practical case of the shipyard of China Merchants Heavy Industry Co.,Ltd.is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.Satisfactory results are achieved at the lowest expected total cost as the complete kit rate of outfitting equipment is improved and emergency replenishment is reduced.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Shanghai Key Disciplines of Public Health(2023-2025)for New Threeyear Action Plan(Grant Nos.GWVI-11.1-22 and GWVI-11.1-23)the Fudan School of Public Health-Jiading CDC key disciplines for the high-quality development of public health(Grant No.GWGZLXK-2023-02)the Fudan Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program(Grant No.FDUROP-24647)。
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)remains one of the most common cancers and leading causes of cancer deaths globally1with 60.0%of cases and 56.6%of deaths occurring in East Asia.South Korea and Japan have conducted nationwide GC screening programs for decades but with essential differences in strategies,organization,and coverage2.
文摘Severe aortic stenosis has increased exponentially as a result of the aging of the population.Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)procedures increase by 20%-30%per year in Spain.Referred patients are increasingly older,have comorbidities,and frailty.TAVR cardiac rehabilitation(CR)programs significantly improve both functional capacity and quality of life of patients.However,there are no guidelines on how to carry out them and few elderly patients are referred to CR.Furthermore,mortality in women who undergo TAVR is higher than in men and even fewer are referred to CR programs.Multidisciplinary patient care,including comorbidities and frailty,is essential.It is necessary to ensure exquisite continuity of care during TAVR,CR,and the rest of the patient's life.Telerehabilitation could be an option in some lower-risk patients to include more patients in CR programs after TAVR,given the high demand.This article reviews the evidence on why CR should be performed in post-TAVR patients and proposes a practical and novel approach to the care process and the recommended aspects and components of the CR program.
基金supported by the L.E.“Red”Larson Endowment and grants number 2020-67015-30821 and 2023-67015-40730 from the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative of USDA-NIFAsupported by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan。
文摘Background Supplementation of choline chloride in culture medium programs the preimplantation bovine embryo to increase weaning weight of the resultant calf.Here,it was hypothesized that similar programming actions of choline can be induced by feeding rumen-protected choline(RPC)to beef cows during the periconceptional period.Results A preliminary experiment was conducted to determine changes in circulating concentrations of choline and its metabolites after RPC supplementation.Suckled beef cows were individually fed 0,30,60,and 90 g of RPC(i.e.,0,8.6,17.3 and 25.9 g choline chloride)and blood samples were collected at random times after feeding.There were no differences in plasma concentrations of choline or its metabolites between groups.In the second experiment,effects of feeding 60 g/d RPC from d-1 to 7 relative to timed artificial insemination were examined for suckled beef cows.Feeding RPC did not affect pregnancy or calving rates,pregnancy losses,plasma concentrations of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins,gestation length or calf birth weight.Calves from RPC fed dams were lighter than control calves at~118 days of age(range 75–150;age included in the statistical model)and at weaning at~248 days of age.There was no effect of treatment on hip height at~118 days of age although there was a trend for RPC calves to be shorter at weaning.Weight/height ratio was lower for RPC than control at both 118 and 248 days of age.Treatment did not affect testis weight at~118 days of age.Conclusions Supplementation of RPC during the periconceptional period programmed development to alter calf phenotype in the postnatal period.The net result,reduced body weight,was the opposite of the phenotype caused by the addition of choline to embryo culture medium.
基金Supported in part by NSFC(No.11961011)Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talents Special Project(No.2021AC06001).
文摘this paper,we propose a class of smoothing-regularization methods for solving the mathematical programming with vanishing constraints.These methods include the smoothing-regularization method proposed by Kanzow et al.in[Comput.Optim.Appl.,2013,55(3):733-767]as a special case.Under the weaker conditions than the ones that have been used by Kanzow et al.in 2013,we prove that the Mangasarian-Fromovitz constraint qualification holds at the feasible points of smoothing-regularization problem.We also analyze that the convergence behavior of the proposed smoothing-regularization method under mild conditions,i.e.,any accumulation point of the stationary point sequence for the smoothing-regularization problem is a strong stationary point.Finally,numerical experiments are given to show the efficiency of the proposed methods.
文摘Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)programs have been widely applied in liver surgery since the publication of the first ERAS guidelines in 2016 and the new recommendations in 2022.Liver surgery is usually performed in oncological patients(liver metastasis,hepatocellular carcinoma,cholangiocarcinoma,etc.),but the real impact of liver surgery ERAS programs in oncological outcomes is not clearly defined.Theoretical advantages of ERAS programs are:ERAS decreases postoperative complication rates and has been demonstrated a clear relationship between complications and oncological outcomes;a better and faster posto-perative recovery should let oncologic teams begin chemotherapeutic regimens on time;prehabilitation and nutrition actions before surgery should also improve the performance status of the patients receiving chemotherapy.So,ERAS could be another way to improve our oncological results.We will discuss the literature about liver surgery ERAS focusing on its oncological implications and future investigations projects.
基金Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions
文摘Investing in projects that support environmental benefits,such as tree harvesting,has the potential to reduce air pollution levels in the atmosphere in the future.However,this kind of investment may increase the current level of emissions.Therefore,it is necessary to estimate how much the policy affects the current level of CO_(2) emissions.This makes sure the policy doesn’t increase the level of CO_(2) emis-sions.This study aims to analyze the effect of the One Bil-lion Trees program on CO_(2) emissions in New Zealand by employing the 2020 input–output table analysis.This inves-tigation examines the direct and indirect effects of policy on both the demand and supply sides across six regions of New Zealand.The results of this study for the first year of plantation suggest that the policy increases the level of CO_(2) emissions in all regions,especially in the Waikato region.The direct and indirect impact of the policy leads to 64 kt of CO_(2) emissions on the demand side and 270 kt of CO_(2) emis-sions on the supply side.These lead to 0.19 and 0.74%of total CO_(2) emissions being attributed to investment shocks.Continuing the policy is recommended,as it has a low effect on CO_(2) emissions.However,it is crucial to prioritize the use of low-carbon machinery that uses fossil fuels during the plantation process.
文摘In today’s society, the incidence of cardiopulmonary diseases is increasing annually, seriously affecting patients’ quality of life. Therefore, developing a scientific and effective rehabilitation training program is of great significance. This study first analyzes the theoretical basis of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training, including the effects of aerobic exercise, interval training, and strength training on cardiopulmonary function. Based on this, a comprehensive rehabilitation training program is designed, which includes personalized training plans, comprehensive interventions, multidisciplinary collaboration, patient education, and regular follow-up visits. The cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training plan developed in this study has certain scientific practicability, which provides a theoretical basis for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training, and also provides a reference for medical institutions, rehabilitation centers and communities, which is helpful for promotion and application to a wider range of patients with cardiopulmonary diseases.
文摘Awareness policy intended to contribute to changing rural women realities to urgent needs of information and gain knowledge was to be demonstrated through in-depth information and communication technology-based(ICTs-based)training program that focused on the importance of advanced agricultural technologies in the production chain in developing countries like Egypt through access and use of the ICTs.Women are becoming well trained on the detailed steps of improved technologies applied in supply chain.Their increased awareness of the necessity of quality management to be followed during their work in the postharvest handling system helped them to produce high-quality products to meet the export requirements of foreign markets and add value to the export quality.Women have been able to reduce the extremely high losses that occurred due to improper handling in particular.The outcomes of proper and healthy procedures,precautions and personal protection were gained by rural women and technicians working in the supply chain.Moreover,women themselves became more confident in their know-how and more comfortable in transgressing cultural norms that inhibited their progress.
文摘Life insurance companies,as equity stakeholders in policyholders’lives,have incentives to mitigate their health risks.I introduce a framework that enables life insurers to evaluate the financial viability of developing and implementing health engagement programs.By leveraging a proprietary big database of health and mortality information from a large U.S.life insurer,I use machine learning techniques to quantify the benefits and use a rational addiction model to calculate the costs associated with these programs.The estimated net benefit available to the life insurer from the smoking cessation program is USD 87 million and the aggregate benefit from including other chronic conditions is USD 872 million.I explore the broader application of this framework in a general health policy context.
文摘This study investigated the current status of course satisfaction among 416 undergraduate students majoring in preschool education from four universities in China.And it explored the predictive effects of five influencing factors(teacher instruction,course management,course setting,course environment,and course resources)on student satisfaction.Through SPSS data analysis,the findings revealed that:1.the mean value of course experience was M=3.861(out of 5);2.there were differences in the satisfaction of undergraduate students'course experience by different background variables;3.course,course resources,and loyalty had significant predictive power on undergraduate students'satisfaction with course experience;4.instructor instruction(TI)did not significantly predict students'satisfaction with course experience(SCES)(p>0.001);5.Faculty instruction(TI)in this study had the highest mean satisfaction score(M=4.191)and the mean satisfaction score was only(M=3.861).The results show that the current status of course satisfaction among Chinese preschool undergraduates is at an moderate level,and there is more space for improvement;although students'satisfaction with teacher instruction(TI)is high,effective teacher instruction does not have a substantial impact on the acquisition of SCES or general competencies,and this passive learning and teaching style leads to a lack of independent learning and active participation among Chinese preschool undergraduate students.
文摘Objective:The study aims to review and discuss the outcomes of emergency preparedness training programs among nursing students.Methods:A scoping review was conducted based on the guidelines of Arskey and O’Malley.Databases through PubMed,Science Direct,and Google Scholar were used to obtain the relevant articles within the scoping review.Results:The researchers found 1175 articles.After manual review,28 articles were identified and assessed.The review reported that the emergency preparedness training program significantly affects preparedness,knowledge,performance,self-efficacy,learning motivation,self-confidence,satisfaction,critical decision-making,and problem-solving.Conclusions:Emergency training effectively increases knowledge,skills,confidence,satisfaction,and team performance.
文摘Structural development defects essentially refer to code structure that violates object-oriented design principles. They make program maintenance challenging and deteriorate software quality over time. Various detection approaches, ranging from traditional heuristic algorithms to machine learning methods, are used to identify these defects. Ensemble learning methods have strengthened the detection of these defects. However, existing approaches do not simultaneously exploit the capabilities of extracting relevant features from pre-trained models and the performance of neural networks for the classification task. Therefore, our goal has been to design a model that combines a pre-trained model to extract relevant features from code excerpts through transfer learning and a bagging method with a base estimator, a dense neural network, for defect classification. To achieve this, we composed multiple samples of the same size with replacements from the imbalanced dataset MLCQ1. For all the samples, we used the CodeT5-small variant to extract features and trained a bagging method with the neural network Roberta Classification Head to classify defects based on these features. We then compared this model to RandomForest, one of the ensemble methods that yields good results. Our experiments showed that the number of base estimators to use for bagging depends on the defect to be detected. Next, we observed that it was not necessary to use a data balancing technique with our model when the imbalance rate was 23%. Finally, for blob detection, RandomForest had a median MCC value of 0.36 compared to 0.12 for our method. However, our method was predominant in Long Method detection with a median MCC value of 0.53 compared to 0.42 for RandomForest. These results suggest that the performance of ensemble methods in detecting structural development defects is dependent on specific defects.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,No.21JR7RA373 and No.24JRRA295.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is an inflammation-associated tumor with a dismal prognosis.Immunotherapy has become an important treatment strategy for HCC,as immunity is closely related to inflammation in the tumor microenvir-onment.Inflammation regulates the expression of programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1)in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and affects im-munotherapy efficacy.Interleukin-17A(IL-17A)is involved in the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment and plays a protumor or antitumor role in different tumors.We hypothesized that IL-17A participates in tumor progression by affe-cting the level of immune checkpoint molecules in HCC.The upregulation of PD-L1 expression in HCC cells by IL-17A was assessed by reverse transcription PCR,western blotting,and flow cytometry.Mechanistic studies were conducted with gene knockout models and pathway inhibitors.The function of IL-17A in immune evasion was explored through coculture of T cells and HCC cells.The effects of IL-17A on the malignant biological behaviors of HCC cells were evaluated in vitro,and the antitumor effects of an IL-17A inhibitor and its synergistic effects with a PD-L1 inhibitor were studied in vivo.RESULTS IL-17A upregulated PD-L1 expression in HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner,whereas IL-17A receptor knockout or treatment with a small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 inhibitor diminished the PD-L1 expression induced by IL-17A.IL-17A enhanced the survival of HCC cells in the coculture system.IL-17A increased the viability,G2/M ratio,and migration of HCC cells and decreased the apoptotic index.Cyclin D1,VEGF,MMP9,and Bcl-1 expression increased after IL-17A treatment,whereas BAX expression decreased.The combination of IL-17A and PD-L1 inhibitors showed synergistic antitumor efficacy and increased cluster of differentiation 8+T lymphocyte infiltration in an HCC mouse model.CONCLUSION IL-17A upregulates PD-L1 expression via the IL-17A receptor/phosphorylation-small mothers against decapenta-plegic 2 signaling pathway in HCC cells.Blocking IL-17A enhances the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 antibodies in HCC in vivo.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62203256)。
文摘Generating dynamically feasible trajectory for fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)in dense obstacle environments remains computationally intractable.This paper proposes a Safe Flight Corridor constrained Sequential Convex Programming(SFC-SCP)to improve the computation efficiency and reliability of trajectory generation.SFC-SCP combines the front-end convex polyhedron SFC construction and back-end SCP-based trajectory optimization.A Sparse A^(*)Search(SAS)driven SFC construction method is designed to efficiently generate polyhedron SFC according to the geometric relation among obstacles and collision-free waypoints.Via transforming the nonconvex obstacle-avoidance constraints to linear inequality constraints,SFC can mitigate infeasibility of trajectory planning and reduce computation complexity.Then,SCP casts the nonlinear trajectory optimization subject to SFC into convex programming subproblems to decrease the problem complexity.In addition,a convex optimizer based on interior point method is customized,where the search direction is calculated via successive elimination to further improve efficiency.Simulation experiments on dense obstacle scenarios show that SFC-SCP can generate dynamically feasible safe trajectory rapidly.Comparative studies with state-of-the-art SCP-based methods demonstrate the efficiency and reliability merits of SFC-SCP.Besides,the customized convex optimizer outperforms off-the-shelf optimizers in terms of computation time.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignancies worldwide,and Helicobacter pylori(HP)infection is a well-established risk factor for its development.Programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)expression is a crucial biomarker for predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment.While HP infection and PD-L1 expression in GC may be linked,the relationship between them remains unclear,in part because there have been conflicting results reported from various studies.AIM To perform a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between HP and PD-L1 expression in patients with GC.METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science databases.Observational studies that examined the association between HP infection and PD-L1 expression in patients with GC were included.Odds ratios and 95%confidence intervals were calculated to estimate the association.Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane’s Q test and I²statistic.A random-effects model was used due to significant heterogeneity across studies.RESULTS Fourteen studies involving a total of 3069 patients with GC were included.The pooled analysis showed a significant association between HP infection and increased PD-L1 expression in GC tissues(odd ratio=1.69,95%confidence interval:1.24-2.29,P<0.001,I^(2)=59%).Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.Subgroup analyses did not show significant variation based on geographic region,sample size,or method of PD-L1 assessment.Publication bias was minimal,as shown by funnel plots and Egger’s regression test.CONCLUSION HP infection is associated with increased PD-L1 expression in GC,suggesting that HP status may influence the response to programmed cell death protein 1/PD-L1 blockade therapy.
基金Supported by Russian Science Foundation,No.23-25-00183.
文摘BACKGROUND Breast cancer(BC)continues to occupy a leading position in terms of morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms among the female population.One of the promising markers associated with BC progression is programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1).Previously,we investigated PD-L1 expression in BC via a new antibody against programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1(PDCD1 LG1)and reported that high PDCD1 LG1 expression in tumor cells is an independent factor for a high risk of regional metastasis in patients with BC.However,the prognostic significance of PDCD1 LG1 expression in BC stromal cells has not been adequately studied.AIM To study the features of PDCD1 LG1 expression in BC stromal cells and its relationship with BC clinicopathological characteristics.METHODS In a prospective single-center observational study,tumor samples from 148 patients with newly diagnosed BC were examined.The tumor sections were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against PDCD1 LG1.In the tumor samples,the PDCD1 LG1-positive lymphocyte(PDCD1 LG1+LF)score,presence of nuclear PDCD1 LG1 expression in the LFs,PDCD1 LG1 expression in polymorphic cell infiltrates(PDCD1 LG1+polymorphic cell infiltrates[PCIs]),and cells of the fibroblastic stroma and endothelial cells of the tumor microvessels were assessed.Statistical analyses were performed using Statistica 10.0 software.RESULTS A PDCD1 LG1+LF score≥3 was detected more often at stages N0 and N3 than at N1 and N2(P=0.03).Moderate and pronounced PDCD1 LG1+PCIs and the presence of PDCD1 LG1+fibroblastic stroma were associated with negative estrogen receptor status(P=0.0008 and P=0.03,respectively),human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive(HER2+)BC(P<0.00001 and P=0.0005),and luminal B HER2+,non-luminal HER2+and triple-negative BC(P<0.00001 and P=0.004).The risk of metastasis to regional lymph nodes(RLNs)depend on lymphovascular invasion(LVI)and the PDCD1 LG1+LF score.In the absence of LVI and a PDCD1 LG1+LF score<3 or≥3,metastases in RLNs were absent in 66.6%and 93.9%of patients with BC,respectively.In the presence of LVI and a PDCD1 LG1+LF score<3 or≥3,metastases in RLNs were detected in 82.6%and 92.7%of patients with BC,respectively.CONCLUSION The results indicated that the combined assessment of the PDCD1 LG1+LF score and LVI can improve the accuracy of predicting the risk of metastasis to RLNs in patients with BC.
基金supported in part by the High-tech ship scientific research project of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China,and the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71671113)the Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province(No.2020GY-219)the Ministry of Education Collaborative Project of Production,Learning and Research(No.201901024016).
文摘Ship outfitting is a key process in shipbuilding.Efficient and high-quality ship outfitting is a top priority for modern shipyards.These activities are conducted at different stations of shipyards.The outfitting plan is one of the crucial issues in shipbuilding.In this paper,production scheduling and material ordering with endogenous uncertainty of the outfitting process are investigated.The uncertain factors in outfitting equipment production are usually decision-related,which leads to difficulties in addressing uncertainties in the outfitting production workshops before production is conducted according to plan.This uncertainty is regarded as endogenous uncertainty and can be treated as non-anticipativity constraints in the model.To address this problem,a stochastic two-stage programming model with endogenous uncertainty is established to optimize the outfitting job scheduling and raw material ordering process.A practical case of the shipyard of China Merchants Heavy Industry Co.,Ltd.is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.Satisfactory results are achieved at the lowest expected total cost as the complete kit rate of outfitting equipment is improved and emergency replenishment is reduced.
