This paper presents the development of a thermoplastic shape memory rubber that can be programmed at human body temperature for comfortable fitting applications.We hybridized commercially available thermoplastic rubbe...This paper presents the development of a thermoplastic shape memory rubber that can be programmed at human body temperature for comfortable fitting applications.We hybridized commercially available thermoplastic rubber(TPR)used in the footwear industry with un-crosslinked polycaprolactone(PCL)to create two samples,namely TP6040 and TP7030.The shape memory behavior,elasticity,and thermo-mechanical response of these rubbers were systematically investigated.The experimental results demonstrated outstanding shape memory performance,with both samples achieving shape fixity ratios(Rf)and shape recovery ratios(R_(r))exceeding 94%.TP6040 exhibited a fitting time of 80 s at body temperature(37℃),indicating a rapid response for shape fixing.The materials also showed good elasticity before and after programming,which is crucial for comfort fitting.These findings suggest that the developed shape memory thermoplastic rubber has potential applications in personalized comfort fitting products,offering advantages over traditional customization techniques in terms of efficiency and cost-effectiveness.展开更多
Persistent flows are defined as network flows that persist over multiple time intervals and continue to exhibit activity over extended periods,which are critical for identifying long-term behaviors and subtle security...Persistent flows are defined as network flows that persist over multiple time intervals and continue to exhibit activity over extended periods,which are critical for identifying long-term behaviors and subtle security threats.Programmable switches provide line-rate packet processing to meet the requirements of high-speed network environments,yet they are fundamentally limited in computational and memory resources.Accurate and memoryefficient persistent flow detection on programmable switches is therefore essential.However,existing approaches often rely on fixed-window sketches or multiple sketches instances,which either suffer from insufficient temporal precision or incur substantial memory overhead,making them ineffective on programmable switches.To address these challenges,we propose SP-Sketch,an innovative sliding-window-based sketch that leverages a probabilistic update mechanism to emulate slot expiration without maintaining multiple sketch instances.This innovative design significantly reduces memory consumption while preserving high detection accuracy across multiple time intervals.We provide rigorous theoretical analyses of the estimation errors,deriving precise error bounds for the proposed method,and validate our approach through comprehensive implementations on both P4 hardware switches(with Intel Tofino ASIC)and software switches(i.e.,BMv2).Experimental evaluations using real-world traffic traces demonstrate that SP-Sketch outperforms traditional methods,improving accuracy by up to 20%over baseline sliding window approaches and enhancing recall by 5%compared to non-sliding alternatives.Furthermore,SP-Sketch achieves a significant reduction in memory utilization,reducing memory consumption by up to 65%compared to traditional methods,while maintaining a robust capability to accurately track persistent flow behavior over extended time periods.展开更多
Advanced programmable metamaterials with heterogeneous microstructures have become increasingly prevalent in scientific and engineering disciplines attributed to their tunable properties.However,exploring the structur...Advanced programmable metamaterials with heterogeneous microstructures have become increasingly prevalent in scientific and engineering disciplines attributed to their tunable properties.However,exploring the structure-property relationship in these materials,including forward prediction and inverse design,presents substantial challenges.The inhomogeneous microstructures significantly complicate traditional analytical or simulation-based approaches.Here,we establish a novel framework that integrates the machine learning(ML)-encoded multiscale computational method for forward prediction and Bayesian optimization for inverse design.Unlike prior end-to-end ML methods limited to specific problems,our framework is both load-independent and geometry-independent.This means that a single training session for a constitutive model suffices to tackle various problems directly,eliminating the need for repeated data collection or training.We demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of this framework using metamaterials with designable elliptical holes or lattice honeycombs microstructures.Leveraging accelerated forward prediction,we can precisely customize the stiffness and shape of metamaterials under diverse loading scenarios,and extend this capability to multi-objective customization seamlessly.Moreover,we achieve topology optimization for stress alleviation at the crack tip,resulting in a significant reduction of Mises stress by up to 41.2%and yielding a theoretical interpretable pattern.This framework offers a general,efficient and precise tool for analyzing the structure-property relationships of novel metamaterials.展开更多
Kirigami,through introducing cuts into a thin sheet,can greatly improve the stretchability of structures and also generate complex patterns,showing potentials in various applications.Interestingly,even with the same c...Kirigami,through introducing cuts into a thin sheet,can greatly improve the stretchability of structures and also generate complex patterns,showing potentials in various applications.Interestingly,even with the same cutting pattern,the mechanical response of kirigami metamaterials can exhibit significant differences depending on the cutting angles in respect to the loading direction.In this work,we investigate the structural deformation of kirigami metamaterials with square domains and varied cutting angles of 0°and 45°.We further introduce a second level of cutting on the basis of the first cutting pattern.By combining experiments and finite element simulations,it is found that,compared to the commonly used 0°cuts,the two-level kirigami metamaterials with 45°cuts exhibit a unique alternating arrangement phenomenon of expanded/unexpanded states in the loading process,which also results in distinct stress–strain response.Through tuning the cutting patterns of metamaterials with 45°cuts,precise control of the rotation of the kirigami unit is realized,leading to kirigami metamaterials with encryption properties.The current work demonstrates the programmability of structural deformation in hierarchical kirigami metamaterials through controlling the local cutting modes.展开更多
Chiral metamaterials are manmade structures with extraordinary mechanical properties derived from their special geometric design instead of chemical composition.To make the mechanical deformation programmable,the non-...Chiral metamaterials are manmade structures with extraordinary mechanical properties derived from their special geometric design instead of chemical composition.To make the mechanical deformation programmable,the non-uniform rational B-spline(NURBS)curves are taken to replace the traditional ligament boundaries of the chiral structure.The Neural networks are innovatively inserted into the calculation of mechanical properties of the chiral structure instead of finite element methods to improve computational efficiency.For the problem of finding structure configuration with specified mechanical properties,such as Young’s modulus,Poisson’s ratio or deformation,an inverse design method using the Neural network-based proxy model is proposed to build the relationship between mechanical properties and geometric configuration.To satisfy some more complex deformation requirements,a non-homogeneous inverse design method is proposed and verified through simulation and experiments.Numerical and test results reveal the high computational efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method in the design of chiral metamaterials.展开更多
A programmable low-profile array antenna based on nematic liquid crystals(NLCs)is proposed.Each antenna unit comprises a square patch radiating structure and a tunable NLC-based phase shifter capable of achieving a ph...A programmable low-profile array antenna based on nematic liquid crystals(NLCs)is proposed.Each antenna unit comprises a square patch radiating structure and a tunable NLC-based phase shifter capable of achieving a phase shift exceeding 360°with high linearity.First,the above 64 antenna units are periodically arranged into an 8×8 NLC-based antenna array,and the bias voltage of the NLC-based phase shifter loaded on the antenna unit is adjusted through the control of the field-programmable gate array(FPGA)programming sequences.This configuration enables precise phase changes for all 64 channels.Numerical simulation,sample processing,and experimental measurements of the antenna array are conducted to validate the performance of the antenna.The numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed antenna performs well within the frequency range of 19.5-20.5 GHz,with a 3 dB relative bandwidth of 10%and a maximum main lobe gain of 14.1 dBi.A maximum scanning angle of±34°is achieved through the adjustment of the FPGA programming sequence.This NLC-based programmable array antenna shows promising potential for applications in satellite communication.展开更多
Inspired by the way sea turtles rely on the Earth’s magnetic field for navigation and locomotion,a novel magnetic soft robotic turtle with programmable magnetization has been developed and investigated to achieve bio...Inspired by the way sea turtles rely on the Earth’s magnetic field for navigation and locomotion,a novel magnetic soft robotic turtle with programmable magnetization has been developed and investigated to achieve biomimetic locomotion patterns such as straight-line swimming and turning swimming.The soft robotic turtle(12.50 mm in length and 0.24 g in weight)is integrated with an Ecoflex-based torso and four magnetically programmed acrylic elastomer VHB-based limbs containing samarium-iron–nitrogen particles,and was able to carry a load more than twice its own weight.Similar to the limb locomotion characteristics of sea turtles,the magnetic torque causes the four limbs to mimic sinusoidal bending deformation under the influence of an external magnetic field,so that the turtle swims continuously forward.Significantly,when the bending deformation magnitudes of its left and right limbs differ,the soft robotic turtle switches from straight-line to turning swimming at 6.334 rad/s.Furthermore,the tracking swimming activities of the soft robotic turtle along specific planned paths,such as square-shaped,S-shaped,and double U-shaped maze,is anticipated to be utilized for special detection and targeted drug delivery,among other applications owing to its superior remote directional control ability.展开更多
Multi-level programmable photonic integrated circuits(PICs)and optical metasurfaces have gained widespread attention in many fields,such as neuromorphic photonics,opticalcommunications,and quantum information.In this ...Multi-level programmable photonic integrated circuits(PICs)and optical metasurfaces have gained widespread attention in many fields,such as neuromorphic photonics,opticalcommunications,and quantum information.In this paper,we propose pixelated programmable Si_(3)N_(4)PICs with record-high 20-level intermediate states at 785 nm wavelength.Such flexibility in phase or amplitude modulation is achieved by a programmable Sb_(2)S_(3)matrix,the footprint of whose elements can be as small as 1.2μm,limited only by the optical diffraction limit of anin-house developed pulsed laser writing system.We believe our work lays the foundation for laser-writing ultra-high-level(20 levels and even more)programmable photonic systems and metasurfaces based on phase change materials,which could catalyze diverse applications such as programmable neuromorphic photonics,biosensing,optical computing,photonic quantum computing,and reconfigurable metasurfaces.展开更多
Elastic metamaterials with unusual elastic properties offer unprecedented ways to modulate the polarization and propagation of elastic waves.However,most of them rely on the resonant structural components,and thus are...Elastic metamaterials with unusual elastic properties offer unprecedented ways to modulate the polarization and propagation of elastic waves.However,most of them rely on the resonant structural components,and thus are frequency-dependent and unchangeable.Here,we present a reconfigurable 2D mechanism-based metamaterial which possesses transformable and frequency-independent elastic properties.Based on the proposed mechanism-based metamaterial,interesting functionalities,such as ternarycoded elastic wave polarizer and programmable refraction,are demonstrated.Particularly,unique ternary-coded polarizers,with 1-trit polarization filtering and 2-trit polarization separating of longitudinal and transverse waves,are first achieved.Then,the strong anisotropy of the proposed metamaterial is harnessed to realize positive-negative bi-refraction,only-positive refraction,and only-negative refraction.Finally,the wave functions with detailed microstructures are numerically verified.展开更多
Essential amino acids(EAAs)deprivation is a potential antitumor approach because EAAs are critical for tumor growth.To efficiently inhibit tumor growth,continuous deprivation of EAAs is required,how-ever,continuous de...Essential amino acids(EAAs)deprivation is a potential antitumor approach because EAAs are critical for tumor growth.To efficiently inhibit tumor growth,continuous deprivation of EAAs is required,how-ever,continuous deprivation without precise control will introduce toxicity to normal cells.Herein,a programmable double-unlock nanocomplex(ROCK)was prepared,which could self-supply phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)to tumor cells for phenylalanine(Phe)deprivation.ROCK was double-locked in physiological conditions when administered systemically.While ROCK actively targeted to tumor cells by integrinαvβ3/5 and CD44,ROCK was firstly unlocked by cleavage of protease on tumor cell membrane,exposing CendR and R8 to enhance endocytosis.Then,hyaluronic acid was digested by hyaluronidase overexpressed in endo/lysosome of tumor cells,in which ROCK was secondly unlocked,resulting in pro-moting endo/lysosome escape and PAL plasmid(pPAL)release.Released pPAL could sustainably express PAL in host tumor cells until the self-supplied PAL precisely and successfully deprived Phe,thereby block-ing the protein synthesis and killing tumor cells specifically.Overall,our precise Phe deprivation strategy effectively inhibited tumor growth with no observable toxicity to normal cells,providing new insights to efficiently remove intratumoral nutrition for cancer therapy.展开更多
In this work,a novel one-time-programmable memory unit based on a Schottky-type p-GaN diode is proposed.During the programming process,the junction switches from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state throu...In this work,a novel one-time-programmable memory unit based on a Schottky-type p-GaN diode is proposed.During the programming process,the junction switches from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state through Schottky junction breakdown,and the state is permanently preserved.The memory unit features a current ratio of more than 10^(3),a read voltage window of 6 V,a programming time of less than 10^(−4)s,a stability of more than 108 read cycles,and a lifetime of far more than 10 years.Besides,the fabrication of the device is fully compatible with commercial Si-based GaN process platforms,which is of great significance for the realization of low-cost read-only memory in all-GaN integration.展开更多
This paper addresses the problems faced in programmable logic controller(PLC)teaching in vocational colleges and proposes countermeasures to overcome these challenges.The study emphasizes the need for a deeper underst...This paper addresses the problems faced in programmable logic controller(PLC)teaching in vocational colleges and proposes countermeasures to overcome these challenges.The study emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of fundamental concepts and the integration of practical application in PLC education.It suggests involving students in teacher-led projects to enhance their programming skills and problem-solving skills.Additionally,the paper highlights the importance of interactive learning and collaborative discussions to foster student engagement.Furthermore,it emphasizes the cultivation of innovation consciousness through participation in innovation competitions and projects.The implementation of these strategies has shown positive results in improving learning outcomes and preparing students for careers in automation and control.This research contributes to the development of effective teaching approaches in PLC education in vocational colleges.展开更多
As the country continues to promote the development of intelligent manufacturing,all industries are carrying out enterprise automation upgrading,the Pearl River Delta Intelligent Manufacturing Conference held in March...As the country continues to promote the development of intelligent manufacturing,all industries are carrying out enterprise automation upgrading,the Pearl River Delta Intelligent Manufacturing Conference held in March 2024 provides a direction guide for each enterprise on how to integrate the intelligent manufacturing technology into each link and provide direction guidance for enterprises to create new models and new business formats.College teachers,in focusing on the teaching process,should closely match the enterprise and social needs and cultivate excellent students.As the core controller of automation control,the application of programmable controllers in teaching is particularly important.In practical classes,by setting progressive difficulty,project guidance,team collaboration,and other links,students can master the automation equipment design of programmable control in repeated practice.展开更多
A programmable multi-modulus frequency divider is designed and implemented in a 0. 35μm CMOS process. The multi-modulus frequency divider is a single chip with two dividers in series,which are divided by 4 or 5 presc...A programmable multi-modulus frequency divider is designed and implemented in a 0. 35μm CMOS process. The multi-modulus frequency divider is a single chip with two dividers in series,which are divided by 4 or 5 prescaler and by 128-255 multi-modulus frequency divider. In the circuit design, power and speed trade-offs are analyzed for the prescaler, and power optimization techniques are used according to the input frequency of each divider cell for the 128-255 multimodulus frequency divider. The chip is designed with ESD protected I/O PAD. The dividers chain can work as high as 2.4GHz with a single ended input signal and beyond 2.6GHz with differential input signals. The dual-modulus prescaler consumes 11mA of current while the 128-255 multi-modulus frequency divider consumes 17mA of current with a 3.3V power supply. The core area of the die without PAD is 0.65mm × 0.3mm. This programmable multi-modulus frequency divider can be used for 2.4GHz ISM band PLL-based frequency synthesizers. To our knowledge, this is the first reported multi-modulus frequency divider with this structure in China.展开更多
The implementation of a programmable frequency divider, which is one of the components of the phase-locked loop （PLL） frequency synthesizer for digital video broadcastingterrestrial （DVB-T） and other modem communi...The implementation of a programmable frequency divider, which is one of the components of the phase-locked loop （PLL） frequency synthesizer for digital video broadcastingterrestrial （DVB-T） and other modem communication systems, is presented. By cooperating with a dual-modulus prescaler, this divider can realize an integer frequency division from 926 to 1 387. Besides the traditional standard cell design flow, such as logic synthesis, placement and routing, the interactions between front-end and back-end are also considered to optimize the design flow under deep submicron technology. By back-annotating the back-end information to front-end design, a custom wire-load model is created which is more practical compared with the default model. This divider has been fabricated in TSMC 0. 18μm CMOS technology using Artisan standard cell library. The chip area is 675 μm × 475 μm and the power consumption is about 2 mW under a 1.8 V power supply. Measurement results show that it works correctly and can realize a frequency division with high precision.展开更多
High performance computer is often required by model predictive control(MPC) systems due to the heavy online computation burden.To extend MPC to more application cases with low-cost computation facilities, the impleme...High performance computer is often required by model predictive control(MPC) systems due to the heavy online computation burden.To extend MPC to more application cases with low-cost computation facilities, the implementation of MPC controller on field programmable gate array(FPGA) system is studied.For the dynamic matrix control(DMC) algorithm,the main design idea and the implemental strategy of DMC controller are introduced based on a FPGA’s embedded system.The performance tests show that both the computation efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed controller can be satisfied due to the parallel computing capability of FPGA.展开更多
A new approach for the design and implementation of a programmable voltage reference based on an improved current mode bandgap voltage reference is presented. The circuit is simulated and fabricated with Chartered 0....A new approach for the design and implementation of a programmable voltage reference based on an improved current mode bandgap voltage reference is presented. The circuit is simulated and fabricated with Chartered 0. 35μm mixed-signal technology. Measurements demonstrate that the temperature coefficient is ± 36. 3ppm/℃ from 0 to 100℃ when the VID inputs are 11110.As the supply voltage is varied from 2.7 to 5V, the voltage reference varies by about 5mV. The maximum glitch of the transient response is about 20mV at 125kHz. Depending on the state of the five VID inputs,an output voltage between 1.1 and 1.85V is programmed in increments of 25mV.展开更多
The drive towards shorter design cycles for analog integrated circuits has given impetus to the development of Field Programmable Analog Arrays(FPAAs),which are the analogue counterparts of Field Programmable Gate Arr...The drive towards shorter design cycles for analog integrated circuits has given impetus to the development of Field Programmable Analog Arrays(FPAAs),which are the analogue counterparts of Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs).In this paper,we present a new design methodology which using FPAA as a powerful analog front-end processing platform in the smart sensory microsystem.The proposed FPAA contains 16 homogeneous mixed-grained Configurable Analog Blocks(CABs) which house a variety of processing elements especially the proposed fine-grained Core Configurable Amplifiers(CCAs).The high flexible CABs allow the FPAA operating in both continuous-time and discrete-time approaches suitable to support variety of sensors.To reduce the nonideal parasitic effects and save area,the fat-tree interconnection network is adopted in this FPAA.The functionality of this FPAA is demonstrated through embedding of voltage and capacitive sensor signal readout circuits and a configurable band pass filter.The minimal detectable voltage and capacitor achieves 38 uV and 8.3 aF respectively within 100 Hz sensor bandwidth.The power consumption comparison of CCA in three applications shows that the FPAA has high power efficiency.And the simulation results also show that the FPAA has good tolerance with wide PVT variations.展开更多
A novel programmable gain amplifier（ PGA） based on a signal-summing topology is proposed. Different from conventional signal-summing variable gain amplifiers（ VGA）,a binary-weighted switching technique is employed...A novel programmable gain amplifier（ PGA） based on a signal-summing topology is proposed. Different from conventional signal-summing variable gain amplifiers（ VGA）,a binary-weighted switching technique is employed to vary the current-steering transistors＇ aspect ratio to change their transconductance, and hence, an accurate gain step size of 6dB is achieved. The constant-g_m biasing technique and the matching of the transistors and resistors ensures that the gain of the proposed topology is independent of the variation of process, voltage and temperature（ PVT）. P-well NMOS（ Nmetal oxide semiconductor） transistors are utilized to eliminate the influence of back-gate effect which will induce gain error.The source-degeneration technique ensures good linearity performance at a low gain. The proposed PGA is fabricated in a0.18 μm CMOS（ complementary metal oxide semiconductor）process. The measurement results show a variable gain ranging from 0 to24 dB with a step size of 6 dB and a maximum gain error of 0. 3dB. A constant 3dB bandwidth of 210 MHz is achieved at different gain settings. The measured output 3rd intercept point（OIP3） and minimum noise figure（ NF） are20. 9 dBm and 11.1 dB, respectively. The whole PGA has a compact layout of 0.068 mm^2. The total power consumption is4. 8 mW under a 1. 8 V supply voltage.展开更多
基金supported by the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.2024Z009052003,20230038052001 and 20230015052002)the Third Batch of Science and Technology Plan Projects in Changzhou City in 2023(Applied Basic Research,Grant No.CJ20230080).
文摘This paper presents the development of a thermoplastic shape memory rubber that can be programmed at human body temperature for comfortable fitting applications.We hybridized commercially available thermoplastic rubber(TPR)used in the footwear industry with un-crosslinked polycaprolactone(PCL)to create two samples,namely TP6040 and TP7030.The shape memory behavior,elasticity,and thermo-mechanical response of these rubbers were systematically investigated.The experimental results demonstrated outstanding shape memory performance,with both samples achieving shape fixity ratios(Rf)and shape recovery ratios(R_(r))exceeding 94%.TP6040 exhibited a fitting time of 80 s at body temperature(37℃),indicating a rapid response for shape fixing.The materials also showed good elasticity before and after programming,which is crucial for comfort fitting.These findings suggest that the developed shape memory thermoplastic rubber has potential applications in personalized comfort fitting products,offering advantages over traditional customization techniques in terms of efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
基金supported by the National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of China(Project No.202510559076)at Jinan University,a nationwide initiative administered by the Ministry of Educationthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.62172189.
文摘Persistent flows are defined as network flows that persist over multiple time intervals and continue to exhibit activity over extended periods,which are critical for identifying long-term behaviors and subtle security threats.Programmable switches provide line-rate packet processing to meet the requirements of high-speed network environments,yet they are fundamentally limited in computational and memory resources.Accurate and memoryefficient persistent flow detection on programmable switches is therefore essential.However,existing approaches often rely on fixed-window sketches or multiple sketches instances,which either suffer from insufficient temporal precision or incur substantial memory overhead,making them ineffective on programmable switches.To address these challenges,we propose SP-Sketch,an innovative sliding-window-based sketch that leverages a probabilistic update mechanism to emulate slot expiration without maintaining multiple sketch instances.This innovative design significantly reduces memory consumption while preserving high detection accuracy across multiple time intervals.We provide rigorous theoretical analyses of the estimation errors,deriving precise error bounds for the proposed method,and validate our approach through comprehensive implementations on both P4 hardware switches(with Intel Tofino ASIC)and software switches(i.e.,BMv2).Experimental evaluations using real-world traffic traces demonstrate that SP-Sketch outperforms traditional methods,improving accuracy by up to 20%over baseline sliding window approaches and enhancing recall by 5%compared to non-sliding alternatives.Furthermore,SP-Sketch achieves a significant reduction in memory utilization,reducing memory consumption by up to 65%compared to traditional methods,while maintaining a robust capability to accurately track persistent flow behavior over extended time periods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12102021,12372105,12172026,and 12225201)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Academic Excellence Foundation of BUAA for PhD Students.
文摘Advanced programmable metamaterials with heterogeneous microstructures have become increasingly prevalent in scientific and engineering disciplines attributed to their tunable properties.However,exploring the structure-property relationship in these materials,including forward prediction and inverse design,presents substantial challenges.The inhomogeneous microstructures significantly complicate traditional analytical or simulation-based approaches.Here,we establish a novel framework that integrates the machine learning(ML)-encoded multiscale computational method for forward prediction and Bayesian optimization for inverse design.Unlike prior end-to-end ML methods limited to specific problems,our framework is both load-independent and geometry-independent.This means that a single training session for a constitutive model suffices to tackle various problems directly,eliminating the need for repeated data collection or training.We demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of this framework using metamaterials with designable elliptical holes or lattice honeycombs microstructures.Leveraging accelerated forward prediction,we can precisely customize the stiffness and shape of metamaterials under diverse loading scenarios,and extend this capability to multi-objective customization seamlessly.Moreover,we achieve topology optimization for stress alleviation at the crack tip,resulting in a significant reduction of Mises stress by up to 41.2%and yielding a theoretical interpretable pattern.This framework offers a general,efficient and precise tool for analyzing the structure-property relationships of novel metamaterials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12102392 and 12272341)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LQ21A020008).
文摘Kirigami,through introducing cuts into a thin sheet,can greatly improve the stretchability of structures and also generate complex patterns,showing potentials in various applications.Interestingly,even with the same cutting pattern,the mechanical response of kirigami metamaterials can exhibit significant differences depending on the cutting angles in respect to the loading direction.In this work,we investigate the structural deformation of kirigami metamaterials with square domains and varied cutting angles of 0°and 45°.We further introduce a second level of cutting on the basis of the first cutting pattern.By combining experiments and finite element simulations,it is found that,compared to the commonly used 0°cuts,the two-level kirigami metamaterials with 45°cuts exhibit a unique alternating arrangement phenomenon of expanded/unexpanded states in the loading process,which also results in distinct stress–strain response.Through tuning the cutting patterns of metamaterials with 45°cuts,precise control of the rotation of the kirigami unit is realized,leading to kirigami metamaterials with encryption properties.The current work demonstrates the programmability of structural deformation in hierarchical kirigami metamaterials through controlling the local cutting modes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 11972287 and 12072266)the State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis,Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment(GZ23106)+1 种基金the National Key Laboratory of Aircraft Configuration Design(No.2023-JCJQ-LB-070)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Chiral metamaterials are manmade structures with extraordinary mechanical properties derived from their special geometric design instead of chemical composition.To make the mechanical deformation programmable,the non-uniform rational B-spline(NURBS)curves are taken to replace the traditional ligament boundaries of the chiral structure.The Neural networks are innovatively inserted into the calculation of mechanical properties of the chiral structure instead of finite element methods to improve computational efficiency.For the problem of finding structure configuration with specified mechanical properties,such as Young’s modulus,Poisson’s ratio or deformation,an inverse design method using the Neural network-based proxy model is proposed to build the relationship between mechanical properties and geometric configuration.To satisfy some more complex deformation requirements,a non-homogeneous inverse design method is proposed and verified through simulation and experiments.Numerical and test results reveal the high computational efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method in the design of chiral metamaterials.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62401168,62401139,62401170)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023MD744197)+2 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZC20230631)Project for Enhancing Young and Middle-aged Teacher’s Research Basis Ability in Colleges of Guangxi(No.2023KY0218)Guangxi Key Laboratory Foundation of Optoelectronic Information Processing(No.GD23102)。
文摘A programmable low-profile array antenna based on nematic liquid crystals(NLCs)is proposed.Each antenna unit comprises a square patch radiating structure and a tunable NLC-based phase shifter capable of achieving a phase shift exceeding 360°with high linearity.First,the above 64 antenna units are periodically arranged into an 8×8 NLC-based antenna array,and the bias voltage of the NLC-based phase shifter loaded on the antenna unit is adjusted through the control of the field-programmable gate array(FPGA)programming sequences.This configuration enables precise phase changes for all 64 channels.Numerical simulation,sample processing,and experimental measurements of the antenna array are conducted to validate the performance of the antenna.The numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed antenna performs well within the frequency range of 19.5-20.5 GHz,with a 3 dB relative bandwidth of 10%and a maximum main lobe gain of 14.1 dBi.A maximum scanning angle of±34°is achieved through the adjustment of the FPGA programming sequence.This NLC-based programmable array antenna shows promising potential for applications in satellite communication.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.52275290,51905222)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant no.BK20211068)+2 种基金Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration(Grant no.MSV202419)Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)for Basic Theory and Key Technology of Tri-Co Robots(Grant no.92248301)Opening project of the Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education),Jilin University(Grant no.KF2023006).
文摘Inspired by the way sea turtles rely on the Earth’s magnetic field for navigation and locomotion,a novel magnetic soft robotic turtle with programmable magnetization has been developed and investigated to achieve biomimetic locomotion patterns such as straight-line swimming and turning swimming.The soft robotic turtle(12.50 mm in length and 0.24 g in weight)is integrated with an Ecoflex-based torso and four magnetically programmed acrylic elastomer VHB-based limbs containing samarium-iron–nitrogen particles,and was able to carry a load more than twice its own weight.Similar to the limb locomotion characteristics of sea turtles,the magnetic torque causes the four limbs to mimic sinusoidal bending deformation under the influence of an external magnetic field,so that the turtle swims continuously forward.Significantly,when the bending deformation magnitudes of its left and right limbs differ,the soft robotic turtle switches from straight-line to turning swimming at 6.334 rad/s.Furthermore,the tracking swimming activities of the soft robotic turtle along specific planned paths,such as square-shaped,S-shaped,and double U-shaped maze,is anticipated to be utilized for special detection and targeted drug delivery,among other applications owing to its superior remote directional control ability.
基金funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52175509 and 52130504)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFF0204705)2021 Postdoctoral Innovation Research Plan of Hubei Province(0106100226)。
文摘Multi-level programmable photonic integrated circuits(PICs)and optical metasurfaces have gained widespread attention in many fields,such as neuromorphic photonics,opticalcommunications,and quantum information.In this paper,we propose pixelated programmable Si_(3)N_(4)PICs with record-high 20-level intermediate states at 785 nm wavelength.Such flexibility in phase or amplitude modulation is achieved by a programmable Sb_(2)S_(3)matrix,the footprint of whose elements can be as small as 1.2μm,limited only by the optical diffraction limit of anin-house developed pulsed laser writing system.We believe our work lays the foundation for laser-writing ultra-high-level(20 levels and even more)programmable photonic systems and metasurfaces based on phase change materials,which could catalyze diverse applications such as programmable neuromorphic photonics,biosensing,optical computing,photonic quantum computing,and reconfigurable metasurfaces.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFE0110900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22B2078 and 11991033)。
文摘Elastic metamaterials with unusual elastic properties offer unprecedented ways to modulate the polarization and propagation of elastic waves.However,most of them rely on the resonant structural components,and thus are frequency-dependent and unchangeable.Here,we present a reconfigurable 2D mechanism-based metamaterial which possesses transformable and frequency-independent elastic properties.Based on the proposed mechanism-based metamaterial,interesting functionalities,such as ternarycoded elastic wave polarizer and programmable refraction,are demonstrated.Particularly,unique ternary-coded polarizers,with 1-trit polarization filtering and 2-trit polarization separating of longitudinal and transverse waves,are first achieved.Then,the strong anisotropy of the proposed metamaterial is harnessed to realize positive-negative bi-refraction,only-positive refraction,and only-negative refraction.Finally,the wave functions with detailed microstructures are numerically verified.
基金supported by funds of Sichuan Province for Distinguished Young Scholar(No.2021JDJQ0037)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82172094).
文摘Essential amino acids(EAAs)deprivation is a potential antitumor approach because EAAs are critical for tumor growth.To efficiently inhibit tumor growth,continuous deprivation of EAAs is required,how-ever,continuous deprivation without precise control will introduce toxicity to normal cells.Herein,a programmable double-unlock nanocomplex(ROCK)was prepared,which could self-supply phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)to tumor cells for phenylalanine(Phe)deprivation.ROCK was double-locked in physiological conditions when administered systemically.While ROCK actively targeted to tumor cells by integrinαvβ3/5 and CD44,ROCK was firstly unlocked by cleavage of protease on tumor cell membrane,exposing CendR and R8 to enhance endocytosis.Then,hyaluronic acid was digested by hyaluronidase overexpressed in endo/lysosome of tumor cells,in which ROCK was secondly unlocked,resulting in pro-moting endo/lysosome escape and PAL plasmid(pPAL)release.Released pPAL could sustainably express PAL in host tumor cells until the self-supplied PAL precisely and successfully deprived Phe,thereby block-ing the protein synthesis and killing tumor cells specifically.Overall,our precise Phe deprivation strategy effectively inhibited tumor growth with no observable toxicity to normal cells,providing new insights to efficiently remove intratumoral nutrition for cancer therapy.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2022YFB3604400in part by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy Sciences (CAS)+4 种基金in part by the CAS-Croucher Funding Scheme under Grant CAS22801in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62334012, Grant 62074161, Grant 62004213, Grant U20A20208, and Grant 62304252in part by the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission project under Grant Z201100008420009 and Grant Z211100007921018in part by the University of CASin part by the IMECAS-HKUST-Joint Laboratory of Microelectronics
文摘In this work,a novel one-time-programmable memory unit based on a Schottky-type p-GaN diode is proposed.During the programming process,the junction switches from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state through Schottky junction breakdown,and the state is permanently preserved.The memory unit features a current ratio of more than 10^(3),a read voltage window of 6 V,a programming time of less than 10^(−4)s,a stability of more than 108 read cycles,and a lifetime of far more than 10 years.Besides,the fabrication of the device is fully compatible with commercial Si-based GaN process platforms,which is of great significance for the realization of low-cost read-only memory in all-GaN integration.
基金The Project of China Vocational Education Association(ZJS2022YB024)。
文摘This paper addresses the problems faced in programmable logic controller(PLC)teaching in vocational colleges and proposes countermeasures to overcome these challenges.The study emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of fundamental concepts and the integration of practical application in PLC education.It suggests involving students in teacher-led projects to enhance their programming skills and problem-solving skills.Additionally,the paper highlights the importance of interactive learning and collaborative discussions to foster student engagement.Furthermore,it emphasizes the cultivation of innovation consciousness through participation in innovation competitions and projects.The implementation of these strategies has shown positive results in improving learning outcomes and preparing students for careers in automation and control.This research contributes to the development of effective teaching approaches in PLC education in vocational colleges.
基金Guangdong Province Education Science Planning Project(Higher Education Special)“Construction and Practice of Applied Innovation Education System for Applied Undergraduate Mechanical Majors”(Project number:2023GXJK638)。
文摘As the country continues to promote the development of intelligent manufacturing,all industries are carrying out enterprise automation upgrading,the Pearl River Delta Intelligent Manufacturing Conference held in March 2024 provides a direction guide for each enterprise on how to integrate the intelligent manufacturing technology into each link and provide direction guidance for enterprises to create new models and new business formats.College teachers,in focusing on the teaching process,should closely match the enterprise and social needs and cultivate excellent students.As the core controller of automation control,the application of programmable controllers in teaching is particularly important.In practical classes,by setting progressive difficulty,project guidance,team collaboration,and other links,students can master the automation equipment design of programmable control in repeated practice.
文摘A programmable multi-modulus frequency divider is designed and implemented in a 0. 35μm CMOS process. The multi-modulus frequency divider is a single chip with two dividers in series,which are divided by 4 or 5 prescaler and by 128-255 multi-modulus frequency divider. In the circuit design, power and speed trade-offs are analyzed for the prescaler, and power optimization techniques are used according to the input frequency of each divider cell for the 128-255 multimodulus frequency divider. The chip is designed with ESD protected I/O PAD. The dividers chain can work as high as 2.4GHz with a single ended input signal and beyond 2.6GHz with differential input signals. The dual-modulus prescaler consumes 11mA of current while the 128-255 multi-modulus frequency divider consumes 17mA of current with a 3.3V power supply. The core area of the die without PAD is 0.65mm × 0.3mm. This programmable multi-modulus frequency divider can be used for 2.4GHz ISM band PLL-based frequency synthesizers. To our knowledge, this is the first reported multi-modulus frequency divider with this structure in China.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60472057)
文摘The implementation of a programmable frequency divider, which is one of the components of the phase-locked loop （PLL） frequency synthesizer for digital video broadcastingterrestrial （DVB-T） and other modem communication systems, is presented. By cooperating with a dual-modulus prescaler, this divider can realize an integer frequency division from 926 to 1 387. Besides the traditional standard cell design flow, such as logic synthesis, placement and routing, the interactions between front-end and back-end are also considered to optimize the design flow under deep submicron technology. By back-annotating the back-end information to front-end design, a custom wire-load model is created which is more practical compared with the default model. This divider has been fabricated in TSMC 0. 18μm CMOS technology using Artisan standard cell library. The chip area is 675 μm × 475 μm and the power consumption is about 2 mW under a 1.8 V power supply. Measurement results show that it works correctly and can realize a frequency division with high precision.
基金the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.60934007 and 61074060)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.20090460627)+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Scientific Program of Shanghai (No.10R21414600)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No.20070248004)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Special Support(No.201003272)
文摘High performance computer is often required by model predictive control(MPC) systems due to the heavy online computation burden.To extend MPC to more application cases with low-cost computation facilities, the implementation of MPC controller on field programmable gate array(FPGA) system is studied.For the dynamic matrix control(DMC) algorithm,the main design idea and the implemental strategy of DMC controller are introduced based on a FPGA’s embedded system.The performance tests show that both the computation efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed controller can be satisfied due to the parallel computing capability of FPGA.
文摘A new approach for the design and implementation of a programmable voltage reference based on an improved current mode bandgap voltage reference is presented. The circuit is simulated and fabricated with Chartered 0. 35μm mixed-signal technology. Measurements demonstrate that the temperature coefficient is ± 36. 3ppm/℃ from 0 to 100℃ when the VID inputs are 11110.As the supply voltage is varied from 2.7 to 5V, the voltage reference varies by about 5mV. The maximum glitch of the transient response is about 20mV at 125kHz. Depending on the state of the five VID inputs,an output voltage between 1.1 and 1.85V is programmed in increments of 25mV.
基金Supported by the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams,National High Technology Research and Develop Program of China(2012AA012301)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2013ZX03006004)
文摘The drive towards shorter design cycles for analog integrated circuits has given impetus to the development of Field Programmable Analog Arrays(FPAAs),which are the analogue counterparts of Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs).In this paper,we present a new design methodology which using FPAA as a powerful analog front-end processing platform in the smart sensory microsystem.The proposed FPAA contains 16 homogeneous mixed-grained Configurable Analog Blocks(CABs) which house a variety of processing elements especially the proposed fine-grained Core Configurable Amplifiers(CCAs).The high flexible CABs allow the FPAA operating in both continuous-time and discrete-time approaches suitable to support variety of sensors.To reduce the nonideal parasitic effects and save area,the fat-tree interconnection network is adopted in this FPAA.The functionality of this FPAA is demonstrated through embedding of voltage and capacitive sensor signal readout circuits and a configurable band pass filter.The minimal detectable voltage and capacitor achieves 38 uV and 8.3 aF respectively within 100 Hz sensor bandwidth.The power consumption comparison of CCA in three applications shows that the FPAA has high power efficiency.And the simulation results also show that the FPAA has good tolerance with wide PVT variations.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61306069)
文摘A novel programmable gain amplifier（ PGA） based on a signal-summing topology is proposed. Different from conventional signal-summing variable gain amplifiers（ VGA）,a binary-weighted switching technique is employed to vary the current-steering transistors＇ aspect ratio to change their transconductance, and hence, an accurate gain step size of 6dB is achieved. The constant-g_m biasing technique and the matching of the transistors and resistors ensures that the gain of the proposed topology is independent of the variation of process, voltage and temperature（ PVT）. P-well NMOS（ Nmetal oxide semiconductor） transistors are utilized to eliminate the influence of back-gate effect which will induce gain error.The source-degeneration technique ensures good linearity performance at a low gain. The proposed PGA is fabricated in a0.18 μm CMOS（ complementary metal oxide semiconductor）process. The measurement results show a variable gain ranging from 0 to24 dB with a step size of 6 dB and a maximum gain error of 0. 3dB. A constant 3dB bandwidth of 210 MHz is achieved at different gain settings. The measured output 3rd intercept point（OIP3） and minimum noise figure（ NF） are20. 9 dBm and 11.1 dB, respectively. The whole PGA has a compact layout of 0.068 mm^2. The total power consumption is4. 8 mW under a 1. 8 V supply voltage.
