This paper proposes an approach to synthesize functional programs of Backus' FP system from input/output instances.Based on a theory of orthogonal expansion of programs,the task of program synthesis is expressed i...This paper proposes an approach to synthesize functional programs of Backus' FP system from input/output instances.Based on a theory of orthogonal expansion of programs,the task of program synthesis is expressed in program equations,and fulfilled by solving them according to the knowledge about the equivalence between programs.Some general knowledge of solving program equations with a number of examples are given in the paper.展开更多
Program synthesis is an exciting topic that desires to generate programs satisfying user intent automatically. But in most cases, only small programs for simple or domain-specific tasks can be synthesized. The major o...Program synthesis is an exciting topic that desires to generate programs satisfying user intent automatically. But in most cases, only small programs for simple or domain-specific tasks can be synthesized. The major obstacle of synthesis lies in the huge search space. A common practice in addressing this problem is using a domain-specific language, while many approaches still wish to synthesize programs in general programming languages. With the rapid growth of reusable libraries, component-based synthesis provides a promising way, such as synthesizing Java programs which are only composed of APIs (application programming interfaces). However, the efficiency of searching for proper solutions for complex tasks is still a challenge. Given an unfamiliar programming task, programmers would search for API usage knowledge from various coding resources to reduce the search space. Considering this, we propose a novel approach named ProSy to synthesize API-based programs in Java. The key novelty is to retrieve related knowledge from Javadoc and Stack Overflow and then construct a probabilistic reachability graph. It assigns higher probabilities to APIs that are more likely to be used in implementing the given task. In the synthesis process, the program sketch with a higher probability will be considered first;thus, the number of explored reachable paths would be decreased. Some extension and optimization strategies are further studied in the paper. We implement our approach and conduct several experiments on it. We compare ProSy with SyPet and other state-of-the-art API-based synthesis approaches. The experimental results show that ProSy reduces the synthesis time of SyPet by up to 80%.展开更多
A program construction method based on Gamma language is proposed. The problemto be solved is specified by first-order predicate logic and a semantic verification program isconstructed directly from the specification....A program construction method based on Gamma language is proposed. The problemto be solved is specified by first-order predicate logic and a semantic verification program isconstructed directly from the specification. Ways for improving efficiency of the program arealso studied. The method differs from the one proposed by Manna and Waldinger, where aprogram is extracted from the proof of the existence of an object meeting the given specification.On the other hand, it also differs from the classical one used for deriving Gamma programsof Banatre and Le Metayer, which consists in decomposing the specification into an invariantand a termination condition.展开更多
基金This research is supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Education Committee Foundation for Youths.
文摘This paper proposes an approach to synthesize functional programs of Backus' FP system from input/output instances.Based on a theory of orthogonal expansion of programs,the task of program synthesis is expressed in program equations,and fulfilled by solving them according to the knowledge about the equivalence between programs.Some general knowledge of solving program equations with a number of examples are given in the paper.
基金This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61690203the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2018YFB0204301.
文摘Program synthesis is an exciting topic that desires to generate programs satisfying user intent automatically. But in most cases, only small programs for simple or domain-specific tasks can be synthesized. The major obstacle of synthesis lies in the huge search space. A common practice in addressing this problem is using a domain-specific language, while many approaches still wish to synthesize programs in general programming languages. With the rapid growth of reusable libraries, component-based synthesis provides a promising way, such as synthesizing Java programs which are only composed of APIs (application programming interfaces). However, the efficiency of searching for proper solutions for complex tasks is still a challenge. Given an unfamiliar programming task, programmers would search for API usage knowledge from various coding resources to reduce the search space. Considering this, we propose a novel approach named ProSy to synthesize API-based programs in Java. The key novelty is to retrieve related knowledge from Javadoc and Stack Overflow and then construct a probabilistic reachability graph. It assigns higher probabilities to APIs that are more likely to be used in implementing the given task. In the synthesis process, the program sketch with a higher probability will be considered first;thus, the number of explored reachable paths would be decreased. Some extension and optimization strategies are further studied in the paper. We implement our approach and conduct several experiments on it. We compare ProSy with SyPet and other state-of-the-art API-based synthesis approaches. The experimental results show that ProSy reduces the synthesis time of SyPet by up to 80%.
文摘A program construction method based on Gamma language is proposed. The problemto be solved is specified by first-order predicate logic and a semantic verification program isconstructed directly from the specification. Ways for improving efficiency of the program arealso studied. The method differs from the one proposed by Manna and Waldinger, where aprogram is extracted from the proof of the existence of an object meeting the given specification.On the other hand, it also differs from the classical one used for deriving Gamma programsof Banatre and Le Metayer, which consists in decomposing the specification into an invariantand a termination condition.
