BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract.Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)has improved overall survival by enabling R0 resection.Currently,there is no consensus of guidelines for ...BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract.Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)has improved overall survival by enabling R0 resection.Currently,there is no consensus of guidelines for neoadjuvant therapy in gallbladder cancer.As investigations continue to analyze the regimen and benefit of NACT for ongoing care of gallbladder cancer patients,we examined American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(NSQIP)database to determine if there was higher morbidity among the neo-adjuvant group within the 30-day post-operative period.We hypothesized patients who underwent NACT were more likely to have higher post-operative morbidity.AIM To investigate the 30-day post-operative morbidity outcomes between patients who received NACT and underwent surgery and patients who only had surgery.METHODS A retrospective analysis of the targeted hepatectomy NSQIP data between 2015 and 2019 was performed to determine if NACT in gallbladder cancer increased the risk for post-operative morbidity(bile leak,infection rate,rate of converting to open surgery,etc.)compared to the group who only had surgery.To calculate the odds ratio for the primary and secondary outcomes,a crude logistic regression was performed.RESULTS Of the 452 patients,52 patients received NACT prior to surgery.There were no statistically significant differences in the odds of morbidity between the two groups,including bile leak[odds ratio(OR),0.69;95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.16-2.10;P=0.55],superficial wound infection(OR,0.58;95%CI:0.03-3.02;P=0.61),and organ space wound infection(OR,0.63;95%CI:0.18-1.63;P=0.61).CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in the risk of 30-day post-operative morbidity between the NACT and surgery group and the surgery only group.展开更多
The swine industry in China is a thriving and evolving industry that has shown phenomenal growth over the past 10 years. To insure long term success and viability in a worldwide competitive industry such as pork, ther...The swine industry in China is a thriving and evolving industry that has shown phenomenal growth over the past 10 years. To insure long term success and viability in a worldwide competitive industry such as pork, there is need for a National Swine Genetic Improvement Program. This program needs to draw on expertise and technology from across the world for its development, but it should be based on the structure of the pig industry in China and be led by Chinese scientists, administrators and producers. National Genetic Improvement requires more than just technology. A successful program of national genetic improvement will require cooperation from the industry and the government. The support for the university system is essential for the success of the pig industry. The university system has a vital role on education (of students, faculty, producers and consumers) as well as research and technology transfer. The government could also have a role in supporting the central test stations and AI stations across the country. An accurate and comprehensive pedigree maintenance system is essential to genetic improvement. And it will be vitally important to be active in the importation of new genetics to sample other populations.展开更多
A novel slow-down set waveform is proposed to improve the set performance and a 1 kb phase change random access memory chip fabricated with a 13nm CMOS technology is implemented to investigate the set performance by d...A novel slow-down set waveform is proposed to improve the set performance and a 1 kb phase change random access memory chip fabricated with a 13nm CMOS technology is implemented to investigate the set performance by different set programming strategies based on this new set pulse. The amplitude difference （I1 - I2） of the set pulse is proved to be a crucial parameter for set programming. We observe and analyze the cell characteristics with different I1 - I2 by means of thermal simulations and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which reveal that an incomplete set programming will occur when the proposed slow-down pulse is set with an improperly high I1 - I2. This will lead to an amorphous residue in the active region. We also discuss the programming method to avoid the set performance degradations.展开更多
The level of genetic variation within a breeding population affects the effectiveness of selection strategies for genetic improvement.The relationship between genetic variation level within Pinus tabuliformis breeding...The level of genetic variation within a breeding population affects the effectiveness of selection strategies for genetic improvement.The relationship between genetic variation level within Pinus tabuliformis breeding populations and selection strategies or selection effectiveness is not fully investigated.Here,we compared the selection effectiveness of combined and individual direct selection strategies using half-and full-sib families produced from advanced-generation P.tabuliformis seed orchard as our test populations.Our results revealed that,within half-sib families,average diameter at breast height(DBH),tree height,and volume growth of superior individuals selected by the direct selection strategy were higher by 7.72%,18.56%,and 31.01%,respectively,than those selected by the combined selection strategy.Furthermore,significant differences(P<0.01)were observed between the two strategies in terms of the expected genetic gains for average tree height and volume.In contrast,within full-sib families,the differences in tree average DBH,height,and volume between the two selection strategies were relatively minor with increase of 0.17%,2.73%,and 2.21%,respectively,and no significant differences were found in the average expected genetic gains for the studied traits.Half-sib families exhibited greater phenotypic and genetic variation,resulting in improved selection efficiency with the direct selection strategy but also introduced a level of inbreeding risk.Based on genetic distance estimates using molecular markers,our comparative seed orchard design analysis showed that the Improved Adaptive Genetic Programming Algorithm(IAPGA)reduced the average inbreeding coefficient by 14.36% and 14.73% compared to sequential and random designs,respectively.In conclusion,the combination of the direct selection strategy with IAPGA seed orchard design aimed at minimizing inbreeding offered an efficient approach for establishing advanced-generation P.tabuliformis seed orchards.展开更多
Complex multi-area collaborative coverage path planning in dynamic environments poses a significant challenge for multi-fixed-wing UAVs(multi-UAV).This study establishes a comprehensive framework that incorporates UAV...Complex multi-area collaborative coverage path planning in dynamic environments poses a significant challenge for multi-fixed-wing UAVs(multi-UAV).This study establishes a comprehensive framework that incorporates UAV capabilities,terrain,complex areas,and mission dynamics.A novel dynamic collaborative path planning algorithm is introduced,designed to ensure complete coverage of designated areas.This algorithm meticulously optimizes the operation,entry,and transition paths for each UAV,while also establishing evaluation metrics to refine coverage sequences for each area.Additionally,a three-dimensional path is computed utilizing an altitude descent method,effectively integrating twodimensional coverage paths with altitude constraints.The efficacy of the proposed approach is validated through digital simulations and mixed-reality semi-physical experiments across a variety of dynamic scenarios,including both single-area and multi-area coverage by multi-UAV.Results show that the coverage paths generated by this method significantly reduce both computation time and path length,providing a reliable solution for dynamic multi-UAV mission planning in semi-physical environments.展开更多
Selection and use of molecular markers for evaluation of DNA polymorphism in plants are couple of the most important approaches in the field of molecular genetics.The assessment of genetic diversity using morphologica...Selection and use of molecular markers for evaluation of DNA polymorphism in plants are couple of the most important approaches in the field of molecular genetics.The assessment of genetic diversity using morphological markers is not sufficient due to little differentiating traits among the species,genera or their individuals.Morphological markers are not only highly influenced by environmental factors but skilled assessment is also prerequisite to find the variations in plant genetic resources.Therefore,molecular markers are considered as efficient tools for detailed DNA based characterization of fruit crops.Molecular markers provide new directions to the efforts of plant breeders particularly in genetic variability,gene tags,gene localization,taxonomy,genetic diversity,phylogenetic analysis and also play an important role to decrease the time required for development of new and excellent cultivars.The success of molecular markers technology in genetic improvement programs depends on the close relationship among the plant breeders,biotechnologists,skilled manpower and good financial support.The present review describes application and success of molecular markers technology used for genetic improvement in different fruit crops.展开更多
BACKGROUND: In the natural evolution of cerebrovascular disease, unconscious use of affected extremity during drug treatment and daily life can improve the function of affected upper extremity partially, but it is ver...BACKGROUND: In the natural evolution of cerebrovascular disease, unconscious use of affected extremity during drug treatment and daily life can improve the function of affected upper extremity partially, but it is very slow and also accompanied by the formation of abnormal mode. Therefore, functional training should be emphasized in recovering the motor function of extremity. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of combination of motor relearning program and Bobath method on motor function of upper extremity of patients with stroke. DESIGN: Comparison of therapeutic effects taking stroke patients as observation subjects. SETTING: Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Beijing Jingmei Group. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 120 stroke patients, including 60 males and 60 females, averaged (59±3) years, who hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Beijing Jingmei Group between January 2005 and June 2006 were recruited. The involved patients met the following criteria: Stroke attack within 2 weeks; diagnosis criteria of cerebral hemorrhage or infarction made in the 4th National Cerebrovascular Disease Conference; confirmed by skull CT or MRI; Informed consents of therapeutic regimen were obtained. The patients were assigned into 2 groups according to their wills: rehabilitation group and control group, with 30 males and 30 females in each group. Patients in rehabilitation group averaged (59±2)years old, and those in the control group averaged (58±2)years old. METHODS: ① Patients in two groups received routine treatment in the Department of Neurology. When the vital signs of patients in the rehabilitation group were stable, individualized treatment was conducted by combined application of motor relearning program and Bobath method. Meanwhile, training of activity of daily living was performed according to the disease condition changes of patients at different phases, including the nursing and instruction of body posture, the maintenance of good extremity position, bed exercise, bedside sit up and sitting position balance, sit up exercise, dynamic and static balance exercise, walking exercise, active training and passive training. The strength, time and speed of training were increased gradually according to their physical abilities. Patients were trained 45 to 60 minutes once, 5 times a week, within 2 weeks. ② Evaluation criteria of therapeutic effect: The motor function of upper extremity was evaluated by Fugl-Meyer method on the day of beginning and end of treatment. Higher points indicated better function of upper extremity. ③ t test and paired t test were used for comparing the difference of intergroup and intragroup measurement data, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in Fugl-Meyer scoring of two groups before and after treatment. RESULTS: Totally 120 stroke patients participated in the final analysis. Before treatment, Fugl-Meyer scoring was close between rehabilitation group and control group [(14.47±2.38),(14.16±2.39) points, P > 0.05]; Fugl-Meyer scoring of rehabilitation group after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment and that of control group[(37.93±2.67),(18.36±2.43) points, t =11.053, 5.408, P < 0.01]; There were no significant differences in Fugl-Meyer scoring between before treatment in the control group and control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Combined application of motor relearning program and Bobath method can significantly improve the motor function of upper extremity of patients with stroke.展开更多
Murong Feng, a 31-year-old activist from Hebei Province in northern China, had attended several training workshops for non-governmental organizations （NGOs） related to HIV/AIDS prevention before he came to Beijing ...Murong Feng, a 31-year-old activist from Hebei Province in northern China, had attended several training workshops for non-governmental organizations （NGOs） related to HIV/AIDS prevention before he came to Beijing last October for another one.展开更多
Purpose This study elucidates the rationale,implementation,values,and challenges of the Synergized Quality Improvement Program in Teacher Education(SQIPTE)—the first policy specifically dedicated to the development o...Purpose This study elucidates the rationale,implementation,values,and challenges of the Synergized Quality Improvement Program in Teacher Education(SQIPTE)—the first policy specifically dedicated to the development of teaching staff since the founding of the People's Republic of China.Design/Approach/Methods After introducing the primary structure and rationale of the SQIPTE,this study reviews the existing data and research to explain why the program focuses on local normal colleges and determine how it could be implemented more effectively.Findings In establishing group-based assistance under the principle of“1+M+N”(M≥N),the SQIPTE seeks to make normal colleges the primary force in the education of rural teachers and explores a collaborative operating mechanism to this end.Evidence suggests that this innovative program will provide new practical experience for the collaborative development and quality improvement of teachers.Originality/Value This study reviews the SQIPTE as a new Chinese intervention to improve the quality of rural teachers.There is strong evidence to suggest that this innovative program will inspire the construction of collaborative operating mechanisms incorporating multiple resources for teacher education systems across different areas.展开更多
Objective:We conducted an analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for minimally-invasive partial nephrectomy cases reported with the goal to identify pre-and...Objective:We conducted an analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for minimally-invasive partial nephrectomy cases reported with the goal to identify pre-and peri-operative variables associated with length of stay(LOS)greater than 3 days and readmission within 30 days.Methods:Records from 2008 to 2018 for“laparoscopy,surgical;partial nephrectomy”for prolonged LOS and readmission cohorts were compiled.Univariate analysis with Chi-square,t-tests,and multivariable logistic regression analysis with odds ratios(ORs),p-values,and 95%confidence intervals assessed statistical associations.Results:Totally,20306 records for LOS greater than 3 days and 15854 for readmission within 30 days were available.Univariate and multivariable analysis exhibited similar results.For LOS greater than 3 days,undergoing non-elective surgery(OR=5.247),transfusion of greater than four units within 72 h prior to surgery(OR=5.072),pre-operative renal failure or dialysis(OR=2.941),and poor pre-operative functional status(OR=2.540)exhibited the strongest statistically significant associations.For hospital readmission within 30 days,loss in body weight greater than 10%in 6 months prior to surgery(OR=2.227)and bleeding disorders(OR=2.081)exhibited strongest statistically significant associations.Conclusion:Multiple pre-and peri-operative risk factors are independently associated with prolonged LOS and hospital readmission within 30 days of surgery using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data.Recognizing the risks factors that can potentially be improved prior to minimally-invasive partial nephrectomy is crucial to informing patient selection,optimization strategies,and patient education.展开更多
Based on the improved particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm,an optimization approach for the cargo oil tank design(COTD) is presented in this paper.The purpose is to design an optimal overall dimension of the car...Based on the improved particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm,an optimization approach for the cargo oil tank design(COTD) is presented in this paper.The purpose is to design an optimal overall dimension of the cargo oil tank(COT) under various kinds of constraints in the preliminary design stage.A non-linear programming model is built to simulate the optimization design,in which the requirements and rules for COTD are used as the constraints.Considering the distance between the inner shell and hull,a fuzzy constraint is used to express the feasibility degree of the double-hull configuration.In terms of the characteristic of COTD,the PSO algorithm is improved to solve this problem.A bivariate extremum strategy is presented to deal with the fuzzy constraint,by which the maximum and minimum cargo capacities are obtained simultaneously.Finally,the simulation demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.展开更多
In this paper,an oil well production scheduling problem for the light load oil well during petroleum field exploitation was studied.The oil well production scheduling was to determine the turn on/off status and oil fl...In this paper,an oil well production scheduling problem for the light load oil well during petroleum field exploitation was studied.The oil well production scheduling was to determine the turn on/off status and oil flow rates of the wells in a given oil reservoir,subject to a number of constraints such as minimum up/down time limits and well grouping.The problem was formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming model that minimized the total production operating cost and start-up cost.Due to the NP-hardness of the problem,an improved particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm with a new velocity updating formula was developed to solve the problem approximately.Computational experiments on randomly generated instances were carried out to evaluate the performance of the model and the algorithm's effectiveness.Compared with the commercial solver CPLEX,the improved PSO can obtain high-quality schedules within a much shorter running time for all the instances.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States.In patients with“borderline resectable”disease,current National Comprehensive Cancer Center gu...BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States.In patients with“borderline resectable”disease,current National Comprehensive Cancer Center guidelines recommend the use of neoadjuvant chemoradiation prior to a pancreaticoduodenectomy.Although neoadjuvant radiotherapy may improve negative margin resection rate,it is theorized that its administration increases operative times and complexity.AIM To investigate the association between neoadjuvant radiotherapy and 30-d morbidity and mortality outcomes among patients receiving a pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.METHODS Patients listed in the 2015-2019 National Surgery Quality Improvement Program data set,who received a pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma,were divided into two groups based off neoadjuvant radiotherapy status.Multivariable regression was used to determine if there is a significant correlation between neoadjuvant radiotherapy,perioperative blood transfusion status,total operative time,and other perioperative outcomes.RESULTS Of the 11458 patients included in the study,1470(12.8%)underwent neoadjuvant radiotherapy.Patients who received neoadjuvant radiotherapy were significantly more likely to require a perioperative blood transfusion[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.58,95%confidence interval(CI):1.37-1.82;P<0.001]and have longer surgeries(insulin receptor-related receptor=1.14,95%CI:1.11-1.16;P<0.001),while simultaneously having lower rates of organ space infections(aOR=0.80,95%CI:0.66-0.97;P=0.02)and pancreatic fistula formation(aOR=0.50,95%CI:0.40-0.63;P<0.001)compared to those who underwent surgery alone.CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant radiotherapy,while not associated with increased mortality,will impact the complexity of surgical resection in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.展开更多
To obtain a suitable scheduling scheme in an effective time range,the minimum completion time is taken as the objective of Flexible Job Shop scheduling Problems(FJSP)with different scales,and Composite Dispatching Rul...To obtain a suitable scheduling scheme in an effective time range,the minimum completion time is taken as the objective of Flexible Job Shop scheduling Problems(FJSP)with different scales,and Composite Dispatching Rules(CDRs)are applied to generate feasible solutions.Firstly,the binary tree coding method is adopted,and the constructed function set is normalized.Secondly,a CDR mining approach based on an Improved Genetic Programming Algorithm(IGPA)is designed.Two population initialization methods are introduced to enrich the initial population,and a superior and inferior population separation strategy is designed to improve the global search ability of the algorithm.At the same time,two individual mutation methods are introduced to improve the algorithm’s local search ability,to achieve the balance between global search and local search.In addition,the effectiveness of the IGPA and the superiority of CDRs are verified through comparative analysis.Finally,Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)is employed to solve the FJSP by incorporating the CDRs as the action set,the selection times are counted to further verify the superiority of CDRs.展开更多
Objective: to explore the application effect of improved incontinence skin care program in the prevention of incontinence dermatitis in intensive care patients. Methods: from January 2020 to January 2021, 30 patients ...Objective: to explore the application effect of improved incontinence skin care program in the prevention of incontinence dermatitis in intensive care patients. Methods: from January 2020 to January 2021, 30 patients with incontinence in our hospital were randomly divided into 15 cases in each group. Conventional nursing method was used in the control group, and incontinence skin care scheme was used in the observation group. The incidence of incontinence dermatitis, quality of life and risk of incontinence dermatitis were compared between the two groups after nursing. Results: after nursing, the incidence of incontinence dermatitis in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). In addition, the quality of life of the patients in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Finally, in the risk assessment of incontinence dermatitis, the risk score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: the clinical application effect of the improved incontinence skin care scheme in the prevention of incontinence dermatitis in intensive care patients is remarkable, which can further reduce the incidence of incontinence dermatitis in ICU patients and improve the quality of life of patients. It is suggested that it should be popularized and applied clinically.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Childhood overweight and obesity pose significant risks to physical and mental health.The Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students(NIPRCES)...Summary What is already known about this topic?Childhood overweight and obesity pose significant risks to physical and mental health.The Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students(NIPRCES)has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing malnutrition.展开更多
Objectives:Appropriate scenarios of lumbar drain(LD)use in endonasal skull base surgery is an active area of investigation.However,existing data is limited.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the robustness of th...Objectives:Appropriate scenarios of lumbar drain(LD)use in endonasal skull base surgery is an active area of investigation.However,existing data is limited.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the robustness of the NSQIP database to characterize morbidity and complications associated with LD usage concurrent to minimally invasive resection of pituitary tumors.Methods:A cross-sectional analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to query patients undergoing transnasal resection of pituitary tumor.Patients were stratified by concurrent perioperative use of LD and outcomes were compared.Results:A total of 1714 patients underwent minimally invasive endonasal(microscopic or endoscopic)pituitary tumor resection,of which LD was concurrently placed in 98(5.7%)cases.Operative time was significantly longer for patients who had LD placed compared to those without(176.5 min(IQR 114.8-229.5)vs.137 min[IQR 100-185]),(p<0.001)with a significantly longer length of stay(5 days[IQR 4-6]vs.3 days[IQR 2-5]),(p<0.001).Multivariate regression demonstrated LD placement was an independent predictor of postoperative medical complication(OR 2.41,95%CI 1.15-5.03,p=0.020)and unplanned readmission(OR 2.06,95%CI 1.02-4.16,p=0.044),but not CSF leak(OR 2.30,95%CI 0.51-10.26;p=0.276).Temporal analysis during the study period demonstrated a decrease in LD use from 8%to 5%(R2=0.60;p=0.025).Conclusions:The NSQIP database provides a large patient population for examining LD use in endoscopic pituitary adenoma resection.LD use for minimally invasive pituitary surgery is associated with postoperative medical complications and unplanned readmissions,with no apparent impact on reconstructive outcomes,and there is overall decreasing usage.Clinical judgment should be exercised in selecting appropriate scenarios for use.展开更多
In this paper,an improved graphic representation for Structured Program Design——N-S-Z (Nassi-Shneiderman-Zhou Diagram)is proposed.It not only preserves the advantages of the conventional graphic and non-graphic repr...In this paper,an improved graphic representation for Structured Program Design——N-S-Z (Nassi-Shneiderman-Zhou Diagram)is proposed.It not only preserves the advantages of the conventional graphic and non-graphic representations,but also adds some new features which will enhance the representa- tive power of the original diagram.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract.Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)has improved overall survival by enabling R0 resection.Currently,there is no consensus of guidelines for neoadjuvant therapy in gallbladder cancer.As investigations continue to analyze the regimen and benefit of NACT for ongoing care of gallbladder cancer patients,we examined American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(NSQIP)database to determine if there was higher morbidity among the neo-adjuvant group within the 30-day post-operative period.We hypothesized patients who underwent NACT were more likely to have higher post-operative morbidity.AIM To investigate the 30-day post-operative morbidity outcomes between patients who received NACT and underwent surgery and patients who only had surgery.METHODS A retrospective analysis of the targeted hepatectomy NSQIP data between 2015 and 2019 was performed to determine if NACT in gallbladder cancer increased the risk for post-operative morbidity(bile leak,infection rate,rate of converting to open surgery,etc.)compared to the group who only had surgery.To calculate the odds ratio for the primary and secondary outcomes,a crude logistic regression was performed.RESULTS Of the 452 patients,52 patients received NACT prior to surgery.There were no statistically significant differences in the odds of morbidity between the two groups,including bile leak[odds ratio(OR),0.69;95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.16-2.10;P=0.55],superficial wound infection(OR,0.58;95%CI:0.03-3.02;P=0.61),and organ space wound infection(OR,0.63;95%CI:0.18-1.63;P=0.61).CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in the risk of 30-day post-operative morbidity between the NACT and surgery group and the surgery only group.
文摘The swine industry in China is a thriving and evolving industry that has shown phenomenal growth over the past 10 years. To insure long term success and viability in a worldwide competitive industry such as pork, there is need for a National Swine Genetic Improvement Program. This program needs to draw on expertise and technology from across the world for its development, but it should be based on the structure of the pig industry in China and be led by Chinese scientists, administrators and producers. National Genetic Improvement requires more than just technology. A successful program of national genetic improvement will require cooperation from the industry and the government. The support for the university system is essential for the success of the pig industry. The university system has a vital role on education (of students, faculty, producers and consumers) as well as research and technology transfer. The government could also have a role in supporting the central test stations and AI stations across the country. An accurate and comprehensive pedigree maintenance system is essential to genetic improvement. And it will be vitally important to be active in the importation of new genetics to sample other populations.
基金Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No XDA09020402the National Key Basic Research Program of China under Grant Nos 2013CBA01900,2010CB934300,2011CBA00607,and 2011CB932804+2 种基金the National Integrate Circuit Research Program of China under Grant No 2009ZX02023-003the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61176122,61106001,61261160500,and 61376006the Science and Technology Council of Shanghai under Grant Nos 12nm0503701,13DZ2295700,12QA1403900,and 13ZR1447200
文摘A novel slow-down set waveform is proposed to improve the set performance and a 1 kb phase change random access memory chip fabricated with a 13nm CMOS technology is implemented to investigate the set performance by different set programming strategies based on this new set pulse. The amplitude difference （I1 - I2） of the set pulse is proved to be a crucial parameter for set programming. We observe and analyze the cell characteristics with different I1 - I2 by means of thermal simulations and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which reveal that an incomplete set programming will occur when the proposed slow-down pulse is set with an improperly high I1 - I2. This will lead to an amorphous residue in the active region. We also discuss the programming method to avoid the set performance degradations.
基金financially supported by the Biological BreedingNational Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0405806)the National Key R&D Program for the 14th Five-Year Plan in China(2022YFD2200304).
文摘The level of genetic variation within a breeding population affects the effectiveness of selection strategies for genetic improvement.The relationship between genetic variation level within Pinus tabuliformis breeding populations and selection strategies or selection effectiveness is not fully investigated.Here,we compared the selection effectiveness of combined and individual direct selection strategies using half-and full-sib families produced from advanced-generation P.tabuliformis seed orchard as our test populations.Our results revealed that,within half-sib families,average diameter at breast height(DBH),tree height,and volume growth of superior individuals selected by the direct selection strategy were higher by 7.72%,18.56%,and 31.01%,respectively,than those selected by the combined selection strategy.Furthermore,significant differences(P<0.01)were observed between the two strategies in terms of the expected genetic gains for average tree height and volume.In contrast,within full-sib families,the differences in tree average DBH,height,and volume between the two selection strategies were relatively minor with increase of 0.17%,2.73%,and 2.21%,respectively,and no significant differences were found in the average expected genetic gains for the studied traits.Half-sib families exhibited greater phenotypic and genetic variation,resulting in improved selection efficiency with the direct selection strategy but also introduced a level of inbreeding risk.Based on genetic distance estimates using molecular markers,our comparative seed orchard design analysis showed that the Improved Adaptive Genetic Programming Algorithm(IAPGA)reduced the average inbreeding coefficient by 14.36% and 14.73% compared to sequential and random designs,respectively.In conclusion,the combination of the direct selection strategy with IAPGA seed orchard design aimed at minimizing inbreeding offered an efficient approach for establishing advanced-generation P.tabuliformis seed orchards.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52472417)to provide fund for conducting experiments.
文摘Complex multi-area collaborative coverage path planning in dynamic environments poses a significant challenge for multi-fixed-wing UAVs(multi-UAV).This study establishes a comprehensive framework that incorporates UAV capabilities,terrain,complex areas,and mission dynamics.A novel dynamic collaborative path planning algorithm is introduced,designed to ensure complete coverage of designated areas.This algorithm meticulously optimizes the operation,entry,and transition paths for each UAV,while also establishing evaluation metrics to refine coverage sequences for each area.Additionally,a three-dimensional path is computed utilizing an altitude descent method,effectively integrating twodimensional coverage paths with altitude constraints.The efficacy of the proposed approach is validated through digital simulations and mixed-reality semi-physical experiments across a variety of dynamic scenarios,including both single-area and multi-area coverage by multi-UAV.Results show that the coverage paths generated by this method significantly reduce both computation time and path length,providing a reliable solution for dynamic multi-UAV mission planning in semi-physical environments.
文摘Selection and use of molecular markers for evaluation of DNA polymorphism in plants are couple of the most important approaches in the field of molecular genetics.The assessment of genetic diversity using morphological markers is not sufficient due to little differentiating traits among the species,genera or their individuals.Morphological markers are not only highly influenced by environmental factors but skilled assessment is also prerequisite to find the variations in plant genetic resources.Therefore,molecular markers are considered as efficient tools for detailed DNA based characterization of fruit crops.Molecular markers provide new directions to the efforts of plant breeders particularly in genetic variability,gene tags,gene localization,taxonomy,genetic diversity,phylogenetic analysis and also play an important role to decrease the time required for development of new and excellent cultivars.The success of molecular markers technology in genetic improvement programs depends on the close relationship among the plant breeders,biotechnologists,skilled manpower and good financial support.The present review describes application and success of molecular markers technology used for genetic improvement in different fruit crops.
文摘BACKGROUND: In the natural evolution of cerebrovascular disease, unconscious use of affected extremity during drug treatment and daily life can improve the function of affected upper extremity partially, but it is very slow and also accompanied by the formation of abnormal mode. Therefore, functional training should be emphasized in recovering the motor function of extremity. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of combination of motor relearning program and Bobath method on motor function of upper extremity of patients with stroke. DESIGN: Comparison of therapeutic effects taking stroke patients as observation subjects. SETTING: Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Beijing Jingmei Group. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 120 stroke patients, including 60 males and 60 females, averaged (59±3) years, who hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Beijing Jingmei Group between January 2005 and June 2006 were recruited. The involved patients met the following criteria: Stroke attack within 2 weeks; diagnosis criteria of cerebral hemorrhage or infarction made in the 4th National Cerebrovascular Disease Conference; confirmed by skull CT or MRI; Informed consents of therapeutic regimen were obtained. The patients were assigned into 2 groups according to their wills: rehabilitation group and control group, with 30 males and 30 females in each group. Patients in rehabilitation group averaged (59±2)years old, and those in the control group averaged (58±2)years old. METHODS: ① Patients in two groups received routine treatment in the Department of Neurology. When the vital signs of patients in the rehabilitation group were stable, individualized treatment was conducted by combined application of motor relearning program and Bobath method. Meanwhile, training of activity of daily living was performed according to the disease condition changes of patients at different phases, including the nursing and instruction of body posture, the maintenance of good extremity position, bed exercise, bedside sit up and sitting position balance, sit up exercise, dynamic and static balance exercise, walking exercise, active training and passive training. The strength, time and speed of training were increased gradually according to their physical abilities. Patients were trained 45 to 60 minutes once, 5 times a week, within 2 weeks. ② Evaluation criteria of therapeutic effect: The motor function of upper extremity was evaluated by Fugl-Meyer method on the day of beginning and end of treatment. Higher points indicated better function of upper extremity. ③ t test and paired t test were used for comparing the difference of intergroup and intragroup measurement data, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in Fugl-Meyer scoring of two groups before and after treatment. RESULTS: Totally 120 stroke patients participated in the final analysis. Before treatment, Fugl-Meyer scoring was close between rehabilitation group and control group [(14.47±2.38),(14.16±2.39) points, P > 0.05]; Fugl-Meyer scoring of rehabilitation group after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment and that of control group[(37.93±2.67),(18.36±2.43) points, t =11.053, 5.408, P < 0.01]; There were no significant differences in Fugl-Meyer scoring between before treatment in the control group and control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Combined application of motor relearning program and Bobath method can significantly improve the motor function of upper extremity of patients with stroke.
文摘Murong Feng, a 31-year-old activist from Hebei Province in northern China, had attended several training workshops for non-governmental organizations （NGOs） related to HIV/AIDS prevention before he came to Beijing last October for another one.
基金the Key Project of the Chinese Society of Education in 2021,titled"The Synergized Quality Improvement Program in Teacher Education"(grant number 2021093104LWT).
文摘Purpose This study elucidates the rationale,implementation,values,and challenges of the Synergized Quality Improvement Program in Teacher Education(SQIPTE)—the first policy specifically dedicated to the development of teaching staff since the founding of the People's Republic of China.Design/Approach/Methods After introducing the primary structure and rationale of the SQIPTE,this study reviews the existing data and research to explain why the program focuses on local normal colleges and determine how it could be implemented more effectively.Findings In establishing group-based assistance under the principle of“1+M+N”(M≥N),the SQIPTE seeks to make normal colleges the primary force in the education of rural teachers and explores a collaborative operating mechanism to this end.Evidence suggests that this innovative program will provide new practical experience for the collaborative development and quality improvement of teachers.Originality/Value This study reviews the SQIPTE as a new Chinese intervention to improve the quality of rural teachers.There is strong evidence to suggest that this innovative program will inspire the construction of collaborative operating mechanisms incorporating multiple resources for teacher education systems across different areas.
文摘Objective:We conducted an analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for minimally-invasive partial nephrectomy cases reported with the goal to identify pre-and peri-operative variables associated with length of stay(LOS)greater than 3 days and readmission within 30 days.Methods:Records from 2008 to 2018 for“laparoscopy,surgical;partial nephrectomy”for prolonged LOS and readmission cohorts were compiled.Univariate analysis with Chi-square,t-tests,and multivariable logistic regression analysis with odds ratios(ORs),p-values,and 95%confidence intervals assessed statistical associations.Results:Totally,20306 records for LOS greater than 3 days and 15854 for readmission within 30 days were available.Univariate and multivariable analysis exhibited similar results.For LOS greater than 3 days,undergoing non-elective surgery(OR=5.247),transfusion of greater than four units within 72 h prior to surgery(OR=5.072),pre-operative renal failure or dialysis(OR=2.941),and poor pre-operative functional status(OR=2.540)exhibited the strongest statistically significant associations.For hospital readmission within 30 days,loss in body weight greater than 10%in 6 months prior to surgery(OR=2.227)and bleeding disorders(OR=2.081)exhibited strongest statistically significant associations.Conclusion:Multiple pre-and peri-operative risk factors are independently associated with prolonged LOS and hospital readmission within 30 days of surgery using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data.Recognizing the risks factors that can potentially be improved prior to minimally-invasive partial nephrectomy is crucial to informing patient selection,optimization strategies,and patient education.
基金the National Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201003024)
文摘Based on the improved particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm,an optimization approach for the cargo oil tank design(COTD) is presented in this paper.The purpose is to design an optimal overall dimension of the cargo oil tank(COT) under various kinds of constraints in the preliminary design stage.A non-linear programming model is built to simulate the optimization design,in which the requirements and rules for COTD are used as the constraints.Considering the distance between the inner shell and hull,a fuzzy constraint is used to express the feasibility degree of the double-hull configuration.In terms of the characteristic of COTD,the PSO algorithm is improved to solve this problem.A bivariate extremum strategy is presented to deal with the fuzzy constraint,by which the maximum and minimum cargo capacities are obtained simultaneously.Finally,the simulation demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2013AA040704)the Fund for the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61374203)
文摘In this paper,an oil well production scheduling problem for the light load oil well during petroleum field exploitation was studied.The oil well production scheduling was to determine the turn on/off status and oil flow rates of the wells in a given oil reservoir,subject to a number of constraints such as minimum up/down time limits and well grouping.The problem was formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming model that minimized the total production operating cost and start-up cost.Due to the NP-hardness of the problem,an improved particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm with a new velocity updating formula was developed to solve the problem approximately.Computational experiments on randomly generated instances were carried out to evaluate the performance of the model and the algorithm's effectiveness.Compared with the commercial solver CPLEX,the improved PSO can obtain high-quality schedules within a much shorter running time for all the instances.
文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States.In patients with“borderline resectable”disease,current National Comprehensive Cancer Center guidelines recommend the use of neoadjuvant chemoradiation prior to a pancreaticoduodenectomy.Although neoadjuvant radiotherapy may improve negative margin resection rate,it is theorized that its administration increases operative times and complexity.AIM To investigate the association between neoadjuvant radiotherapy and 30-d morbidity and mortality outcomes among patients receiving a pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.METHODS Patients listed in the 2015-2019 National Surgery Quality Improvement Program data set,who received a pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma,were divided into two groups based off neoadjuvant radiotherapy status.Multivariable regression was used to determine if there is a significant correlation between neoadjuvant radiotherapy,perioperative blood transfusion status,total operative time,and other perioperative outcomes.RESULTS Of the 11458 patients included in the study,1470(12.8%)underwent neoadjuvant radiotherapy.Patients who received neoadjuvant radiotherapy were significantly more likely to require a perioperative blood transfusion[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.58,95%confidence interval(CI):1.37-1.82;P<0.001]and have longer surgeries(insulin receptor-related receptor=1.14,95%CI:1.11-1.16;P<0.001),while simultaneously having lower rates of organ space infections(aOR=0.80,95%CI:0.66-0.97;P=0.02)and pancreatic fistula formation(aOR=0.50,95%CI:0.40-0.63;P<0.001)compared to those who underwent surgery alone.CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant radiotherapy,while not associated with increased mortality,will impact the complexity of surgical resection in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51805152 and 52075401)the Green Industry Technology Leading Program of Hubei University of Technology(No.XJ2021005001)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation for High-level Talents of Hubei University of Technology(No.GCRC2020009)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2022CFB445).
文摘To obtain a suitable scheduling scheme in an effective time range,the minimum completion time is taken as the objective of Flexible Job Shop scheduling Problems(FJSP)with different scales,and Composite Dispatching Rules(CDRs)are applied to generate feasible solutions.Firstly,the binary tree coding method is adopted,and the constructed function set is normalized.Secondly,a CDR mining approach based on an Improved Genetic Programming Algorithm(IGPA)is designed.Two population initialization methods are introduced to enrich the initial population,and a superior and inferior population separation strategy is designed to improve the global search ability of the algorithm.At the same time,two individual mutation methods are introduced to improve the algorithm’s local search ability,to achieve the balance between global search and local search.In addition,the effectiveness of the IGPA and the superiority of CDRs are verified through comparative analysis.Finally,Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)is employed to solve the FJSP by incorporating the CDRs as the action set,the selection times are counted to further verify the superiority of CDRs.
文摘Objective: to explore the application effect of improved incontinence skin care program in the prevention of incontinence dermatitis in intensive care patients. Methods: from January 2020 to January 2021, 30 patients with incontinence in our hospital were randomly divided into 15 cases in each group. Conventional nursing method was used in the control group, and incontinence skin care scheme was used in the observation group. The incidence of incontinence dermatitis, quality of life and risk of incontinence dermatitis were compared between the two groups after nursing. Results: after nursing, the incidence of incontinence dermatitis in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). In addition, the quality of life of the patients in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Finally, in the risk assessment of incontinence dermatitis, the risk score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: the clinical application effect of the improved incontinence skin care scheme in the prevention of incontinence dermatitis in intensive care patients is remarkable, which can further reduce the incidence of incontinence dermatitis in ICU patients and improve the quality of life of patients. It is suggested that it should be popularized and applied clinically.
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Childhood overweight and obesity pose significant risks to physical and mental health.The Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students(NIPRCES)has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing malnutrition.
文摘Objectives:Appropriate scenarios of lumbar drain(LD)use in endonasal skull base surgery is an active area of investigation.However,existing data is limited.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the robustness of the NSQIP database to characterize morbidity and complications associated with LD usage concurrent to minimally invasive resection of pituitary tumors.Methods:A cross-sectional analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to query patients undergoing transnasal resection of pituitary tumor.Patients were stratified by concurrent perioperative use of LD and outcomes were compared.Results:A total of 1714 patients underwent minimally invasive endonasal(microscopic or endoscopic)pituitary tumor resection,of which LD was concurrently placed in 98(5.7%)cases.Operative time was significantly longer for patients who had LD placed compared to those without(176.5 min(IQR 114.8-229.5)vs.137 min[IQR 100-185]),(p<0.001)with a significantly longer length of stay(5 days[IQR 4-6]vs.3 days[IQR 2-5]),(p<0.001).Multivariate regression demonstrated LD placement was an independent predictor of postoperative medical complication(OR 2.41,95%CI 1.15-5.03,p=0.020)and unplanned readmission(OR 2.06,95%CI 1.02-4.16,p=0.044),but not CSF leak(OR 2.30,95%CI 0.51-10.26;p=0.276).Temporal analysis during the study period demonstrated a decrease in LD use from 8%to 5%(R2=0.60;p=0.025).Conclusions:The NSQIP database provides a large patient population for examining LD use in endoscopic pituitary adenoma resection.LD use for minimally invasive pituitary surgery is associated with postoperative medical complications and unplanned readmissions,with no apparent impact on reconstructive outcomes,and there is overall decreasing usage.Clinical judgment should be exercised in selecting appropriate scenarios for use.
文摘In this paper,an improved graphic representation for Structured Program Design——N-S-Z (Nassi-Shneiderman-Zhou Diagram)is proposed.It not only preserves the advantages of the conventional graphic and non-graphic representations,but also adds some new features which will enhance the representa- tive power of the original diagram.
