The big-tapered profiled ring disk is a key component of engines for rockets and missiles.A new forming technology,as called spinning-rolling process,has been proposed previously for the high performance,high efficien...The big-tapered profiled ring disk is a key component of engines for rockets and missiles.A new forming technology,as called spinning-rolling process,has been proposed previously for the high performance,high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing of the component.Blank design is the key part of plastic forming process design.For spinning-rolling process,the shape and size of the blank play a crucial role in process stability,deformation behavior and dimensional accuracy.So this work proposes a blank design method to determine the geometry structure and sizes of the blank.The mathematical model for calculating the blank size has been deduced based on volume conservation and neutral layer length invariance principle.The FE simulation and corresponding trial production of an actual big-tapered profiled ring disk show that the proposed blank design method is applicative.In order to obtain a preferred blank,the influence rules of blank size determined by different deformation degrees(rolling ratio k)on the spinning-rolling process are revealed by comprehensive FE simulations.Overall considering the process stability,circularity of the deformed ring disk and forming forces,a reasonable range of deformation degree(rolling ratio k)is recommended for the blank design of the new spinning-rolling process.展开更多
This study investigates the complex heat transfer dynamics inmultilayer bifacial photovoltaic(bPV)solar modules under spectrally resolved solar irradiation.A novel numericalmodel is developed to incorporate internal h...This study investigates the complex heat transfer dynamics inmultilayer bifacial photovoltaic(bPV)solar modules under spectrally resolved solar irradiation.A novel numericalmodel is developed to incorporate internal heat generation resulting from optical absorption,grounded in the physical equations governing light-matter interactions within the module’smultilayer structure.The model accounts for reflection and transmission at each interface between adjacent layers,as well as absorption within individual layers,using the wavelength-dependent dielectric properties of constituent materials.These properties are used to calculate the spectral reflectance,transmittance,and absorption coefficients,enabling precise quantification of internal heat sources from irradiance incidents on both the front and rear surfaces of the module.The study further examines the influence of irradiance reflection on thermal behavior,evaluates the thermal impact of various supporting materials placed beneath the module,and analyzes the role of albedo in modifying heat distribution.By incorporating spectrally resolved heat generation across each layer often simplified or omitted in conventional models,the proposed approach enhances physical accuracy.The transient heat equation is solved using a one-dimensional finite difference(FD)method to produce detailed temperature profiles under multiple operating scenarios,including Standard Test Conditions(STC),Bifacial Standard Test Conditions(BSTC),Normal Operating Cell Temperature(NOCT),and Bifacial NOCT(BNOCT).The results offer valuable insights into the interplay between optical and thermal phenomena in bifacial systems,informing the design and optimization of more efficient photovoltaic technologies.展开更多
The healthy and rapid development of the controlled cooling technology was hampered by the uneven cooling phenomenon. During the process of hot plate production,the homogeneous cooling along the length direction of pl...The healthy and rapid development of the controlled cooling technology was hampered by the uneven cooling phenomenon. During the process of hot plate production,the homogeneous cooling along the length direction of plate was constrained by lots of factors. And because the speed was a flexible control parameter,the calculation method of optimal speed profile was developed based on the measured start cooling temperature and its matrix equation was solved by the Cholesky decomposition method. The optimal speed profile was used in online control system. As a result,the temperature distribution along the plate length direction was relatively uniform,and 95% of measured final cooling temperature difference from the target temperature 700 ℃ was controlled within ±20 ℃.展开更多
Line profile analysis of X-ray and neutron diffraction patterns is a powerful tool for determining the microstructure of crystalline materials. The Convolutional-Multiple-Whole-Profile (CMWP) procedure is based on phy...Line profile analysis of X-ray and neutron diffraction patterns is a powerful tool for determining the microstructure of crystalline materials. The Convolutional-Multiple-Whole-Profile (CMWP) procedure is based on physical profile functions for dislocations, domain size, stacking faults and twin boundaries. Order dependence, strain anisotropy, hkl dependent broadening of planar defects and peak shape are used to separate the effect of different lattice defect types. The Marquardt-Levenberg (ML) numerical optimiza-tion procedure has been used successfully to determine crystal defect types and densities. However, in more complex cases like hexagonal materials or multiple phases the ML procedure alone reveals uncer-tainties. In a new approach the ML and a Monte-Carlo statistical method are combined in an alternative manner. The new CMWP procedure eliminates uncertainties and provides globally optimized parameters.展开更多
In order to effectively improve meshing performance of spiral bevel and hypoid gears generated by the duplex helical method, the effects of straight lined and circular cutting edges profile on meshing and contact of s...In order to effectively improve meshing performance of spiral bevel and hypoid gears generated by the duplex helical method, the effects of straight lined and circular cutting edges profile on meshing and contact of spiral bevel and hypoid gears were investigated analytically. Firstly, a mathematical model of spiral bevel and hypoid gears with circular blade profile was established according to the cutting characteristics of the duplex helical method. Based on a hypoid gear drive, the tooth bearings and the functions of transmission errors of four design cases were analyzed respectively by the use of the tooth contact analysis(TCA), and the contact stresses of the four design cases were analyzed and compared using simulation software. Finally, the curvature radius of the circular profile blade was optimized. The results show that the contact stresses are availably reduced, and the areas of edge contact and severe contact stresses can be avoided by selecting appropriate circular blade profile. In addition, the convex and concave sides are separately modified by the use of different curvature radii of inside and outside blades, which can increase the flexibility of the duplex helical method.展开更多
Various calibration methods have been propounded to determine profiles of apparent bulk soil electrical conductivity (ECa) and soil electrical conductivity of a saturated soil paste extract (ECe) or a 1:5 soil water e...Various calibration methods have been propounded to determine profiles of apparent bulk soil electrical conductivity (ECa) and soil electrical conductivity of a saturated soil paste extract (ECe) or a 1:5 soil water extract (EC1:5) using an electromagnetic induction instrument (EM38). The modeled coefficients, one of the successful and classical methods hitherto, were chosen to calibrate the EM38 measurements of the inverted salinity profiles of characteristic coastal saline soils at selected sites of Xincao Farm, Jiangsu Province, China. However, this method required three parameters for each depth layer. An integration approach, based on an exponential decay profile model, was proposed and the model was fitted to all the calibration sites. The obtained model can then be used to predict EC1:5 at a certain depth from electromagnetic measurements made using the EM38 device positioned in horizontal and vertical positions at the soil surface. This exponential decay model predicted the EC1:5 well according to the results of a one-way analysis of variance, and the further comparison indicated that the modeled coefficients appeared to be slightly superior to, but not statistically different from, this exponential decay model. Nevertheless, this exponential decay model was more significant and practical because it depended on less empirical parameters and could be used to perform point predictions of EC1:5 continuously with depth.展开更多
The multimodal admittance method and its improvement are presented to deal with various aspects in underwater acoustics,mostly for the sound propagation in inhomogeneous waveguides with sound-speed profiles,arbitrary-...The multimodal admittance method and its improvement are presented to deal with various aspects in underwater acoustics,mostly for the sound propagation in inhomogeneous waveguides with sound-speed profiles,arbitrary-shaped liquid-like scatterers,and range-dependent environments.In all cases,the propagation problem governed by the Helmholtz equation is transformed into initial value problems of two coupled first-order evolution equations with respect to the modal components of field quantities(sound pressure and its derivative),by projecting the Helmholtz equation on a constructed orthogonal and complete local basis.The admittance matrix,which is the modal representation of Direchlet-to-Neumann operator,is introduced to compute the first-order evolution equations with no numerical instability caused by evanescent modes.The fourth-order Magnus scheme is used for the numerical integration of differential equations in the numerical implementation.The numerical experiments of sound field in underwater inhomogeneous waveguides generated by point sources are performed.Besides,the numerical results computed by simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics are given to validate the correction of the multimodal admittance method.It is shown that the multimodal admittance method is an efficient and stable numerical method to solve the wave propagation problem in inhomogeneous underwater waveguides with sound-speed profiles,liquid-like scatterers,and range-dependent environments.The extension of the method to more complicated waveguides such as horizontally stratified waveguides is available.展开更多
The knowledge of bubble profiles in gas-liquid two-phase flows is crucial for analyzing the kinetic processes such as heat and mass transfer, and this knowledge is contained in field data obtained by surface-resolved ...The knowledge of bubble profiles in gas-liquid two-phase flows is crucial for analyzing the kinetic processes such as heat and mass transfer, and this knowledge is contained in field data obtained by surface-resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. To obtain this information, an efficient bubble profile reconstruction method based on an improved agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The reconstruction method is featured by the implementations of a binary space division preprocessing, which aims to reduce the computational complexity, an adaptive linkage criterion, which guarantees the applicability of the AHC algorithm when dealing with datasets involving either non-uniform or distorted grids, and a stepwise execution strategy, which enables the separation of attached bubbles. To illustrate and verify this method, it was applied to dealing with 3 datasets, 2 of them with pre-specified spherical bubbles and the other obtained by a surface-resolved CFD simulation. Application results indicate that the proposed method is effective even when the data include some non-uniform and distortion.展开更多
How to utilize existing flow control mechanisms to make profiled end wall design more flexible,efficient,and physical is a meaningful challenge.This study presents a three-dimensional inverse method for profiled end w...How to utilize existing flow control mechanisms to make profiled end wall design more flexible,efficient,and physical is a meaningful challenge.This study presents a three-dimensional inverse method for profiled end wall design to achieve the application of flow control mechanisms.The predetermined pressure distribution on the end wall is reached by modifying the end wall geometry during flow field calculation.A motion velocity model is derived from the normal momentum equation of the moving no-slip boundary to modify the end wall geometry.A Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)solver based on the Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations(SIMPLE)algorithm is adopted to simulate the flow field.Based on the mechanism understanding obtained through numerical optimization results,this study adopts the inverse method to redesign an optimized end wall in a compressor cascade.The results indicate that the redesigned end wall exhibits better loss reduction,reducing the overall total pressure loss by 5.5%,whereas the optimized end wall reduces it by 3%.The inverse method allows the imposition of desired influences on the end wall flow without constructing a database,making it highly flexible,efficient,and physical.展开更多
In dairy and food industries lactic acid bacteria （LAB） have been used in form of starter culture that plays vital role in fermentation; as flavouring and texturizing or as preservative agents. There is increasing e...In dairy and food industries lactic acid bacteria （LAB） have been used in form of starter culture that plays vital role in fermentation; as flavouring and texturizing or as preservative agents. There is increasing evidence that lactobacilli which inhabit the gastrointestinal tract develop antimicrobial activities and participate in the host＇s defence system[1]. During fermentation, most of the LAB produces a number of different compounds like organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl, acetaldehyde, carbon dioxide, polysaccharides, and proteinaceous compounds called bacteriocins or bacteriocinogenic peptides.展开更多
Considering the variable cross section thickness of longitudinal profiled plate and the dynamic reductions of straightening rolls,an analytical model combining curvature integral method with linear decreasing straight...Considering the variable cross section thickness of longitudinal profiled plate and the dynamic reductions of straightening rolls,an analytical model combining curvature integral method with linear decreasing straightening scheme was proposed to investigate the longitudinal profiled plate straightening process.Moreover,the calculation flow and solution algorithm of longitudinal profiled plate straightening process were presented.To verify the proposed model,calculated straightening forces were compared with the measured values,and very good agreements were achieved.Then,the reduction,contact angle,reverse bending curvature,residual curvature,straightening force and straightening moment of longitudinal profiled plate in the straightening process were calculated and analyzed,and the calculated results show that the curvature integral method can be used to reveal the mechanism of longitudinal profiled plate straightening.展开更多
Semi-implicit algorithms are popularly used to deal with the gravitational term in numerical models. In this paper, we adopt the method of characteristics to compute the solutions for gravity waves on a sphere directl...Semi-implicit algorithms are popularly used to deal with the gravitational term in numerical models. In this paper, we adopt the method of characteristics to compute the solutions for gravity waves on a sphere directly using a semi-Lagrangian advection scheme instead of the semi-implicit method in a shallow water model, to avoid expensive matrix inversions. Adoption of the semi-Lagrangian scheme renders the numerical model always stable for any Courant number, and which saves CPU time. To illustrate the effciency of the characteristic constrained interpolation profile （CIP） method, some numerical results are shown for idealized test cases on a sphere in the Yin-Yang grid system.展开更多
A three-dimensional variational method is proposed to simultaneously retrieve the 3-D atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles from satellite radiance measurements. To include both vertical structure and the hori...A three-dimensional variational method is proposed to simultaneously retrieve the 3-D atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles from satellite radiance measurements. To include both vertical structure and the horizontal patterns of the atmospheric temperature and moisture, an EOF technique is used to decompose the temperature and moisture field in a 3-D space. A number of numerical simulations are conducted and they demonstrate that the 3-D method is less sensitive to the observation errors compared to the 1-D method. When the observation error is more than 2.0 K, to get the best results, the truncation number for the EOF＇s expansion have to be restricted to 2 in the 1-D method, while it can be set as large as 40 in a 3-D method. This results in the truncation error being reduced and the retrieval accuracy being improved in the 3-D method. Compared to the 1-D method, the rms errors of the 3-D method are reduced by 48% and 36% for the temperature and moisture retrievals, respectively. Using the real satellite measured brightness temperatures at 0557 UTC 31 July 2002, the temperature and moisture profiles are retrieved over a region （20°-45°N, 100°- 125°E） and compared with 37 collocated radiosonde observations. The results show that the retrieval accuracy with a 3-D method is significantly higher than those with the 1-D method.展开更多
In this paper, using the integration method, it is sought to solve the problem for the laminar boundary_layer on a flat plate. At first, a trial function of the velocity profile which satisfies the basical boundary co...In this paper, using the integration method, it is sought to solve the problem for the laminar boundary_layer on a flat plate. At first, a trial function of the velocity profile which satisfies the basical boundary conditions is selected. The coefficients in the trial function awaiting decision are decided by using some numerical results of the boundary_layer differential equations. It is similar to the method proposed by Peng Yichuan, but the former is simpler. According to the method proposed by Peng, when the awaiting decision coefficients of the trial function are decided, it is sought to solve a third power algebraic equation. On the other hand, in this paper, there is only need for solving a linear algebraic equation. Moreover, the accuracy of the results of this paper is higher than that of Peng.展开更多
To improve the transmission performance of XCTD channel, this paper proposes a method to measure directly and fit the channel transmission characteristics by using frequency sweeping method. Sinusoidal signals with a ...To improve the transmission performance of XCTD channel, this paper proposes a method to measure directly and fit the channel transmission characteristics by using frequency sweeping method. Sinusoidal signals with a frequency range of 100 Hz to 10 k Hz and an interval of 100 Hz are used to measure transmission characteristics of channels with lengths of 300 m, 800 m, 1300 m, and 1800 m. The correctness of the fitted channel characteristics by transmitting square wave, composite waves of different frequencies, and ASK modulation are verified. The results show that when the frequency of the signal is below 1500 Hz, the channel has very little effect on the signal. The signal compensated for amplitude and phase at the receiver is not as good as the uncompensated signal.Alternatively, when the signal frequency is above 1500 Hz, the channel distorts the signal. The quality of signal compensated for amplitude and phase at receiver is better than that of the uncompensated signal. Thus, we can select the appropriate frequency for XCTD system and the appropriate way to process the received signals. Signals below1500 Hz can be directly used at the receiving end. Signals above 1500 Hz are used after amplitude and phase compensation at the receiving end.展开更多
The transmission characteristics of gear drive can be improved with the use of novel tooth profiles.A theoretical study on tooth profile of the hypocycloid pinwheel transmission and contact analysis of gear pair based...The transmission characteristics of gear drive can be improved with the use of novel tooth profiles.A theoretical study on tooth profile of the hypocycloid pinwheel transmission and contact analysis of gear pair based on finite element method(FEM) are carried out,respectively.The line contact between mated tooth surfaces becomes point contact according to a plus movement.Through loaded tooth contact analysis(LTCA),the contact stress and load distributions for the proposed hypocycloid pinwheel transmission and the traditional one are discussed.The analysis results show that the developed tooth surfaces have anticipatory point contact characteristics under loads and contact fatigue dangerous area locates around the ultimate contact position.展开更多
Liuzhou City is located in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. It has a warm and rainy climate and belongs to the middle subtropical monsoon climate. It is a rainstorm and flood-prone area. The work of flood dr...Liuzhou City is located in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. It has a warm and rainy climate and belongs to the middle subtropical monsoon climate. It is a rainstorm and flood-prone area. The work of flood drainage and waterlogging prevention is very important. The “minute to minute” rainfall process data of Liuzhou National Meteorological Observation Station from 1975 to 2014 and the Pilgrim & Cordery method were used to estimate the short-time design rainstorm profile of Liuzhou City, and the profiles of the rainfall lasting for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min were obtained. The research shows that the same rain duration and different recurrence period conditions are consistent with the rainstorm profile. The rainfall duration of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min generally shows single-peak rainstorm profile, and the rainfall duration of 150 min shows double-peak rainstorm profile. Most peaks of each short-time design rainstorm profile are at or ahead of the 1/3 part of the entire rainfall process. During the same recurrence period, the rainfall in peak period fluctuated with the increase of the duration, and the intensity of rainfall increased with the prolonging of the recurrence period.展开更多
Characterizing the subsurface structure is an important parameter for the improvement of seismic hazard assessment.Due to the tectonic complexity of the earth,some deep fractures do not reach the earth's surface a...Characterizing the subsurface structure is an important parameter for the improvement of seismic hazard assessment.Due to the tectonic complexity of the earth,some deep fractures do not reach the earth's surface and are not detectable with visual analysis.Therefore,the lack of knowledge of faults and fractures can result in disasters,especially in urban planning.Many geophysical methods can be used to estimate subsurface structure characterization.However,a more reliable method is required to assess seismic hazards and reduce potential damage in metropolitan areas without destroying buildings and structures.This paper aims to identify hidden faults and structures using shear wave velocity sections.To do this,surface wave dispersion curve was extracted from the vertical component of microtremor array recording using the spatial autocorrelation(SPAC)method in two profiles and 13 array stations(perpendicular to the altitudes)to obtain shear wave velocity structure(Vs)in the west of Mashhad,northeast of Iran.The results of shear wave velocity profiles(Vs)indicate sudden changes in the thickness of sediments.This can be related to the displacement of a normal fault in this area causing the bottom rock to fall and an increase in the alluvial thickness in the central part of the plain.The velocity in the floor rock is 2000 meters per second in this area.According to the surface outcrops and water wells data,its material is slate and Phyllite metamorphic rocks that are exposed in the adjacent heights.Besides,the seismic profile results were well consistent with electrical resistance data and well logs indicating that the tool array method is flexible,non-invasive,relatively fast,and effective for urban areas with satisfactory accuracy.展开更多
Rotor clearance is necessary for the safe operation of twin-screw compressors,and it has a major impact on the performance of twin-screw compressors.The purpose of this study was to obtain a rotor tooth profile with r...Rotor clearance is necessary for the safe operation of twin-screw compressors,and it has a major impact on the performance of twin-screw compressors.The purpose of this study was to obtain a rotor tooth profile with reasonable meshing clearance on the rotor end surface,so that the clearance on the rotor contact line would be uniform and the rotor could be smoothly meshed.Under ideal conditions,the rotor of a screw compressor should have no clearance or interference.However,owing to assembly errors,thermal compression,stress deformation,and other factors,a rotor without backlash modification will inevitably produce interference during operation.A new design method based on the Alpha shape solution was proposed to achieve an efficient and high-precision design of the clearance of the twin-screw rotor profile.This method avoids the complex analytical calculations in the traditional envelope principle.The best approximation of the points on the rotor conjugate motion sweeping surface in the points is illuminated using a specific color.The sweeping surface of the screw rotor single-tooth profile is roughly scanned to capture the base point set of the sweeping surface boundary points.The chord length and tilt angle of each interval are calculated using the value of the base point set to adjust the position,phase,and magnification of each interval sweeping surface.Finally,the data point set is converted to the same coordinate system to generate the conjugated rotor profile.An example was used to verify the feasibility and adaptability of this method.Based on the equidistant profile method,the clearance between male and female rotors of a screw compressor was obtained under actual operation conditions.Therefore,this study provides a basis for the meshing clearance design in the machining of twin-screw compressor rotors.展开更多
The profile method is the principal method first to be chosen to measure the apparent optical parameters of waters. This paper first introduces the profile method briefly, then modifies Ⅱthe applied algorithm in the ...The profile method is the principal method first to be chosen to measure the apparent optical parameters of waters. This paper first introduces the profile method briefly, then modifies Ⅱthe applied algorithm in the light of the properties of the class- waters and lastly, analyses the effect of application.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52275378)the National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals(6142909200208)。
文摘The big-tapered profiled ring disk is a key component of engines for rockets and missiles.A new forming technology,as called spinning-rolling process,has been proposed previously for the high performance,high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing of the component.Blank design is the key part of plastic forming process design.For spinning-rolling process,the shape and size of the blank play a crucial role in process stability,deformation behavior and dimensional accuracy.So this work proposes a blank design method to determine the geometry structure and sizes of the blank.The mathematical model for calculating the blank size has been deduced based on volume conservation and neutral layer length invariance principle.The FE simulation and corresponding trial production of an actual big-tapered profiled ring disk show that the proposed blank design method is applicative.In order to obtain a preferred blank,the influence rules of blank size determined by different deformation degrees(rolling ratio k)on the spinning-rolling process are revealed by comprehensive FE simulations.Overall considering the process stability,circularity of the deformed ring disk and forming forces,a reasonable range of deformation degree(rolling ratio k)is recommended for the blank design of the new spinning-rolling process.
文摘This study investigates the complex heat transfer dynamics inmultilayer bifacial photovoltaic(bPV)solar modules under spectrally resolved solar irradiation.A novel numericalmodel is developed to incorporate internal heat generation resulting from optical absorption,grounded in the physical equations governing light-matter interactions within the module’smultilayer structure.The model accounts for reflection and transmission at each interface between adjacent layers,as well as absorption within individual layers,using the wavelength-dependent dielectric properties of constituent materials.These properties are used to calculate the spectral reflectance,transmittance,and absorption coefficients,enabling precise quantification of internal heat sources from irradiance incidents on both the front and rear surfaces of the module.The study further examines the influence of irradiance reflection on thermal behavior,evaluates the thermal impact of various supporting materials placed beneath the module,and analyzes the role of albedo in modifying heat distribution.By incorporating spectrally resolved heat generation across each layer often simplified or omitted in conventional models,the proposed approach enhances physical accuracy.The transient heat equation is solved using a one-dimensional finite difference(FD)method to produce detailed temperature profiles under multiple operating scenarios,including Standard Test Conditions(STC),Bifacial Standard Test Conditions(BSTC),Normal Operating Cell Temperature(NOCT),and Bifacial NOCT(BNOCT).The results offer valuable insights into the interplay between optical and thermal phenomena in bifacial systems,informing the design and optimization of more efficient photovoltaic technologies.
文摘The healthy and rapid development of the controlled cooling technology was hampered by the uneven cooling phenomenon. During the process of hot plate production,the homogeneous cooling along the length direction of plate was constrained by lots of factors. And because the speed was a flexible control parameter,the calculation method of optimal speed profile was developed based on the measured start cooling temperature and its matrix equation was solved by the Cholesky decomposition method. The optimal speed profile was used in online control system. As a result,the temperature distribution along the plate length direction was relatively uniform,and 95% of measured final cooling temperature difference from the target temperature 700 ℃ was controlled within ±20 ℃.
基金support of the János Bolyai Research Fellowship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. T.U. is grateful for partial funding of this work by an EPSRC Leadership Fellowship [EP/I005420/1, EP/K039237/1, EP/K034650/1, EP/L018616/1 and EP/K034332/1] for the study of irradiation damage in zirconium alloys
文摘Line profile analysis of X-ray and neutron diffraction patterns is a powerful tool for determining the microstructure of crystalline materials. The Convolutional-Multiple-Whole-Profile (CMWP) procedure is based on physical profile functions for dislocations, domain size, stacking faults and twin boundaries. Order dependence, strain anisotropy, hkl dependent broadening of planar defects and peak shape are used to separate the effect of different lattice defect types. The Marquardt-Levenberg (ML) numerical optimiza-tion procedure has been used successfully to determine crystal defect types and densities. However, in more complex cases like hexagonal materials or multiple phases the ML procedure alone reveals uncer-tainties. In a new approach the ML and a Monte-Carlo statistical method are combined in an alternative manner. The new CMWP procedure eliminates uncertainties and provides globally optimized parameters.
基金Project(2011CB706800-G)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(51375159)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(20120162110004)supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2015JJ5020)supported by the Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘In order to effectively improve meshing performance of spiral bevel and hypoid gears generated by the duplex helical method, the effects of straight lined and circular cutting edges profile on meshing and contact of spiral bevel and hypoid gears were investigated analytically. Firstly, a mathematical model of spiral bevel and hypoid gears with circular blade profile was established according to the cutting characteristics of the duplex helical method. Based on a hypoid gear drive, the tooth bearings and the functions of transmission errors of four design cases were analyzed respectively by the use of the tooth contact analysis(TCA), and the contact stresses of the four design cases were analyzed and compared using simulation software. Finally, the curvature radius of the circular profile blade was optimized. The results show that the contact stresses are availably reduced, and the areas of edge contact and severe contact stresses can be avoided by selecting appropriate circular blade profile. In addition, the convex and concave sides are separately modified by the use of different curvature radii of inside and outside blades, which can increase the flexibility of the duplex helical method.
基金Project supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-406-3)the National Key Basic Research Support Foundation (NKBRSF) of China (No. 2005CB121108).
文摘Various calibration methods have been propounded to determine profiles of apparent bulk soil electrical conductivity (ECa) and soil electrical conductivity of a saturated soil paste extract (ECe) or a 1:5 soil water extract (EC1:5) using an electromagnetic induction instrument (EM38). The modeled coefficients, one of the successful and classical methods hitherto, were chosen to calibrate the EM38 measurements of the inverted salinity profiles of characteristic coastal saline soils at selected sites of Xincao Farm, Jiangsu Province, China. However, this method required three parameters for each depth layer. An integration approach, based on an exponential decay profile model, was proposed and the model was fitted to all the calibration sites. The obtained model can then be used to predict EC1:5 at a certain depth from electromagnetic measurements made using the EM38 device positioned in horizontal and vertical positions at the soil surface. This exponential decay model predicted the EC1:5 well according to the results of a one-way analysis of variance, and the further comparison indicated that the modeled coefficients appeared to be slightly superior to, but not statistically different from, this exponential decay model. Nevertheless, this exponential decay model was more significant and practical because it depended on less empirical parameters and could be used to perform point predictions of EC1:5 continuously with depth.
文摘The multimodal admittance method and its improvement are presented to deal with various aspects in underwater acoustics,mostly for the sound propagation in inhomogeneous waveguides with sound-speed profiles,arbitrary-shaped liquid-like scatterers,and range-dependent environments.In all cases,the propagation problem governed by the Helmholtz equation is transformed into initial value problems of two coupled first-order evolution equations with respect to the modal components of field quantities(sound pressure and its derivative),by projecting the Helmholtz equation on a constructed orthogonal and complete local basis.The admittance matrix,which is the modal representation of Direchlet-to-Neumann operator,is introduced to compute the first-order evolution equations with no numerical instability caused by evanescent modes.The fourth-order Magnus scheme is used for the numerical integration of differential equations in the numerical implementation.The numerical experiments of sound field in underwater inhomogeneous waveguides generated by point sources are performed.Besides,the numerical results computed by simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics are given to validate the correction of the multimodal admittance method.It is shown that the multimodal admittance method is an efficient and stable numerical method to solve the wave propagation problem in inhomogeneous underwater waveguides with sound-speed profiles,liquid-like scatterers,and range-dependent environments.The extension of the method to more complicated waveguides such as horizontally stratified waveguides is available.
基金Projects(51634010,51676211) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2017SK2253) supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province,China
文摘The knowledge of bubble profiles in gas-liquid two-phase flows is crucial for analyzing the kinetic processes such as heat and mass transfer, and this knowledge is contained in field data obtained by surface-resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. To obtain this information, an efficient bubble profile reconstruction method based on an improved agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The reconstruction method is featured by the implementations of a binary space division preprocessing, which aims to reduce the computational complexity, an adaptive linkage criterion, which guarantees the applicability of the AHC algorithm when dealing with datasets involving either non-uniform or distorted grids, and a stepwise execution strategy, which enables the separation of attached bubbles. To illustrate and verify this method, it was applied to dealing with 3 datasets, 2 of them with pre-specified spherical bubbles and the other obtained by a surface-resolved CFD simulation. Application results indicate that the proposed method is effective even when the data include some non-uniform and distortion.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52376021).
文摘How to utilize existing flow control mechanisms to make profiled end wall design more flexible,efficient,and physical is a meaningful challenge.This study presents a three-dimensional inverse method for profiled end wall design to achieve the application of flow control mechanisms.The predetermined pressure distribution on the end wall is reached by modifying the end wall geometry during flow field calculation.A motion velocity model is derived from the normal momentum equation of the moving no-slip boundary to modify the end wall geometry.A Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)solver based on the Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations(SIMPLE)algorithm is adopted to simulate the flow field.Based on the mechanism understanding obtained through numerical optimization results,this study adopts the inverse method to redesign an optimized end wall in a compressor cascade.The results indicate that the redesigned end wall exhibits better loss reduction,reducing the overall total pressure loss by 5.5%,whereas the optimized end wall reduces it by 3%.The inverse method allows the imposition of desired influences on the end wall flow without constructing a database,making it highly flexible,efficient,and physical.
文摘In dairy and food industries lactic acid bacteria （LAB） have been used in form of starter culture that plays vital role in fermentation; as flavouring and texturizing or as preservative agents. There is increasing evidence that lactobacilli which inhabit the gastrointestinal tract develop antimicrobial activities and participate in the host＇s defence system[1]. During fermentation, most of the LAB produces a number of different compounds like organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl, acetaldehyde, carbon dioxide, polysaccharides, and proteinaceous compounds called bacteriocins or bacteriocinogenic peptides.
基金The authors are grateful for the supports of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB0306404)Key Project of Hebei Education Department(No.ZD2018203).
文摘Considering the variable cross section thickness of longitudinal profiled plate and the dynamic reductions of straightening rolls,an analytical model combining curvature integral method with linear decreasing straightening scheme was proposed to investigate the longitudinal profiled plate straightening process.Moreover,the calculation flow and solution algorithm of longitudinal profiled plate straightening process were presented.To verify the proposed model,calculated straightening forces were compared with the measured values,and very good agreements were achieved.Then,the reduction,contact angle,reverse bending curvature,residual curvature,straightening force and straightening moment of longitudinal profiled plate in the straightening process were calculated and analyzed,and the calculated results show that the curvature integral method can be used to reveal the mechanism of longitudinal profiled plate straightening.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) projects (Grant Nos. 40875065 and 40805045)the research projects 2008R001 at Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS) and 2008 LASWZI05 at the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, CAMS
文摘Semi-implicit algorithms are popularly used to deal with the gravitational term in numerical models. In this paper, we adopt the method of characteristics to compute the solutions for gravity waves on a sphere directly using a semi-Lagrangian advection scheme instead of the semi-implicit method in a shallow water model, to avoid expensive matrix inversions. Adoption of the semi-Lagrangian scheme renders the numerical model always stable for any Courant number, and which saves CPU time. To illustrate the effciency of the characteristic constrained interpolation profile （CIP） method, some numerical results are shown for idealized test cases on a sphere in the Yin-Yang grid system.
基金the 973 Program (Grant No. 2004CB418305)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 40575049).
文摘A three-dimensional variational method is proposed to simultaneously retrieve the 3-D atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles from satellite radiance measurements. To include both vertical structure and the horizontal patterns of the atmospheric temperature and moisture, an EOF technique is used to decompose the temperature and moisture field in a 3-D space. A number of numerical simulations are conducted and they demonstrate that the 3-D method is less sensitive to the observation errors compared to the 1-D method. When the observation error is more than 2.0 K, to get the best results, the truncation number for the EOF＇s expansion have to be restricted to 2 in the 1-D method, while it can be set as large as 40 in a 3-D method. This results in the truncation error being reduced and the retrieval accuracy being improved in the 3-D method. Compared to the 1-D method, the rms errors of the 3-D method are reduced by 48% and 36% for the temperature and moisture retrievals, respectively. Using the real satellite measured brightness temperatures at 0557 UTC 31 July 2002, the temperature and moisture profiles are retrieved over a region （20°-45°N, 100°- 125°E） and compared with 37 collocated radiosonde observations. The results show that the retrieval accuracy with a 3-D method is significantly higher than those with the 1-D method.
文摘In this paper, using the integration method, it is sought to solve the problem for the laminar boundary_layer on a flat plate. At first, a trial function of the velocity profile which satisfies the basical boundary conditions is selected. The coefficients in the trial function awaiting decision are decided by using some numerical results of the boundary_layer differential equations. It is similar to the method proposed by Peng Yichuan, but the former is simpler. According to the method proposed by Peng, when the awaiting decision coefficients of the trial function are decided, it is sought to solve a third power algebraic equation. On the other hand, in this paper, there is only need for solving a linear algebraic equation. Moreover, the accuracy of the results of this paper is higher than that of Peng.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC1400400)
文摘To improve the transmission performance of XCTD channel, this paper proposes a method to measure directly and fit the channel transmission characteristics by using frequency sweeping method. Sinusoidal signals with a frequency range of 100 Hz to 10 k Hz and an interval of 100 Hz are used to measure transmission characteristics of channels with lengths of 300 m, 800 m, 1300 m, and 1800 m. The correctness of the fitted channel characteristics by transmitting square wave, composite waves of different frequencies, and ASK modulation are verified. The results show that when the frequency of the signal is below 1500 Hz, the channel has very little effect on the signal. The signal compensated for amplitude and phase at the receiver is not as good as the uncompensated signal.Alternatively, when the signal frequency is above 1500 Hz, the channel distorts the signal. The quality of signal compensated for amplitude and phase at receiver is better than that of the uncompensated signal. Thus, we can select the appropriate frequency for XCTD system and the appropriate way to process the received signals. Signals below1500 Hz can be directly used at the receiving end. Signals above 1500 Hz are used after amplitude and phase compensation at the receiving end.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51205425)National Science&Technology Pillar Program during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period of China(No.2013BAF01B04)
文摘The transmission characteristics of gear drive can be improved with the use of novel tooth profiles.A theoretical study on tooth profile of the hypocycloid pinwheel transmission and contact analysis of gear pair based on finite element method(FEM) are carried out,respectively.The line contact between mated tooth surfaces becomes point contact according to a plus movement.Through loaded tooth contact analysis(LTCA),the contact stress and load distributions for the proposed hypocycloid pinwheel transmission and the traditional one are discussed.The analysis results show that the developed tooth surfaces have anticipatory point contact characteristics under loads and contact fatigue dangerous area locates around the ultimate contact position.
文摘Liuzhou City is located in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. It has a warm and rainy climate and belongs to the middle subtropical monsoon climate. It is a rainstorm and flood-prone area. The work of flood drainage and waterlogging prevention is very important. The “minute to minute” rainfall process data of Liuzhou National Meteorological Observation Station from 1975 to 2014 and the Pilgrim & Cordery method were used to estimate the short-time design rainstorm profile of Liuzhou City, and the profiles of the rainfall lasting for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min were obtained. The research shows that the same rain duration and different recurrence period conditions are consistent with the rainstorm profile. The rainfall duration of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min generally shows single-peak rainstorm profile, and the rainfall duration of 150 min shows double-peak rainstorm profile. Most peaks of each short-time design rainstorm profile are at or ahead of the 1/3 part of the entire rainfall process. During the same recurrence period, the rainfall in peak period fluctuated with the increase of the duration, and the intensity of rainfall increased with the prolonging of the recurrence period.
文摘Characterizing the subsurface structure is an important parameter for the improvement of seismic hazard assessment.Due to the tectonic complexity of the earth,some deep fractures do not reach the earth's surface and are not detectable with visual analysis.Therefore,the lack of knowledge of faults and fractures can result in disasters,especially in urban planning.Many geophysical methods can be used to estimate subsurface structure characterization.However,a more reliable method is required to assess seismic hazards and reduce potential damage in metropolitan areas without destroying buildings and structures.This paper aims to identify hidden faults and structures using shear wave velocity sections.To do this,surface wave dispersion curve was extracted from the vertical component of microtremor array recording using the spatial autocorrelation(SPAC)method in two profiles and 13 array stations(perpendicular to the altitudes)to obtain shear wave velocity structure(Vs)in the west of Mashhad,northeast of Iran.The results of shear wave velocity profiles(Vs)indicate sudden changes in the thickness of sediments.This can be related to the displacement of a normal fault in this area causing the bottom rock to fall and an increase in the alluvial thickness in the central part of the plain.The velocity in the floor rock is 2000 meters per second in this area.According to the surface outcrops and water wells data,its material is slate and Phyllite metamorphic rocks that are exposed in the adjacent heights.Besides,the seismic profile results were well consistent with electrical resistance data and well logs indicating that the tool array method is flexible,non-invasive,relatively fast,and effective for urban areas with satisfactory accuracy.
文摘Rotor clearance is necessary for the safe operation of twin-screw compressors,and it has a major impact on the performance of twin-screw compressors.The purpose of this study was to obtain a rotor tooth profile with reasonable meshing clearance on the rotor end surface,so that the clearance on the rotor contact line would be uniform and the rotor could be smoothly meshed.Under ideal conditions,the rotor of a screw compressor should have no clearance or interference.However,owing to assembly errors,thermal compression,stress deformation,and other factors,a rotor without backlash modification will inevitably produce interference during operation.A new design method based on the Alpha shape solution was proposed to achieve an efficient and high-precision design of the clearance of the twin-screw rotor profile.This method avoids the complex analytical calculations in the traditional envelope principle.The best approximation of the points on the rotor conjugate motion sweeping surface in the points is illuminated using a specific color.The sweeping surface of the screw rotor single-tooth profile is roughly scanned to capture the base point set of the sweeping surface boundary points.The chord length and tilt angle of each interval are calculated using the value of the base point set to adjust the position,phase,and magnification of each interval sweeping surface.Finally,the data point set is converted to the same coordinate system to generate the conjugated rotor profile.An example was used to verify the feasibility and adaptability of this method.Based on the equidistant profile method,the clearance between male and female rotors of a screw compressor was obtained under actual operation conditions.Therefore,this study provides a basis for the meshing clearance design in the machining of twin-screw compressor rotors.
文摘The profile method is the principal method first to be chosen to measure the apparent optical parameters of waters. This paper first introduces the profile method briefly, then modifies Ⅱthe applied algorithm in the light of the properties of the class- waters and lastly, analyses the effect of application.
