Objective:To study the antidiabetic activity of Gynura procumbens(G.procumbens)used in the traditional management of diabetes in Southern Asia.Methods:G.procumbens leaves were extracted sequentially with graded percen...Objective:To study the antidiabetic activity of Gynura procumbens(G.procumbens)used in the traditional management of diabetes in Southern Asia.Methods:G.procumbens leaves were extracted sequentially with graded percentage of ethanol in water(95%,75%,50%,25%and 0%),and the extracts were tested for antidiabetic activity using acute(7 h),subcutaneous glucose tolerance test and sub-chronic(14 d)test in non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.The extracts were further subjected to phytochemical studies.Results:In acute dose(1 g/kg),the extracts significantly lowered fasting blood glucose(FBG)in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats(P<0.05).However,the FBG-lowering effect of the 25%extract compared to the other extracts,was rapid(47%after 2 h)and the highest:53%,53%and 60%in the 3rd,5th,and 7th h,respectively(P<0.05),comparable only to the effect of metformin.Furthermore,the extracts suppressed peak FBG in subcutaneous glucose tolerance test,but only the 0%and 25%extracts,and metformin sustained the decrease until the 90th min(P<0.05).Moreover,in the 14 days study,the 25%extract exerted the highest FBG-lowering effect,namely 49.38%and 65.43%on days 7 and 14,respectively(P<0.05),similar to the effect of metformin(46.26%and 65.42%).Total flavanoid and phenolic contents in the extracts were found to decrease with increase in polarity of extraction solvents.The composition of reference compounds(chlorogenic acid,rutin,astragalin and kaempferol-3-O-nrtinoside)followed a similar trend.Conclusions:G.procumbens contains antidiabetic principles,most extracted in 25%ethanol.Interaction among active components appears to determine the antidiabetic efficacy,achieved likely by a metformin-like mechanism.展开更多
Twenty-one lignans including three new ones(1, 2 and 13) were isolated from Justicia procumbens. The chemical structures of the new lignans were determined by spectroscopic means including 1 D and 2 D NMR analysis. Th...Twenty-one lignans including three new ones(1, 2 and 13) were isolated from Justicia procumbens. The chemical structures of the new lignans were determined by spectroscopic means including 1 D and 2 D NMR analysis. These compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic and anti-HIV activities. The new secoisolariciresinol dimethyl ether acetate(13) exhibited anti-HIV-1 activity with an IC50 value of 5.27 μmol·L^-1 and a selective index(SI) value of 2.2. The known arylnaphthalene lignan procumbenoside A(3) and diphyllin(8) demonstrated inhibitory activity against HIV-1 with IC50 values of 4.95(SI > 6.2) and 0.38 μmol·L^-1(SI = 5.3), respectively.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Solanum procumbens on complete Freund’s adjuvantinduced arthritis rat models.Methods:We isolated and identified five compounds in the ethanolsol...Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Solanum procumbens on complete Freund’s adjuvantinduced arthritis rat models.Methods:We isolated and identified five compounds in the ethanolsoluble Solanum procumbens extract(SP)with anti-inflammatory effects,including ursolic acid,β-sitosterol,hexadecanoic acid,cisvaccenic acid,and vanillic acid.Additionally,we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of SP on rheumatoid arthritis symptoms,including paw volumes,local temperatures,withdrawal latency,and mechanical withdrawal threshold at the hind paw and white blood cell(WBC)number from complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis rat models.Results:We have successfully established a complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model at a low dose(1 mg/mL).SP extract significantly reduced paw volumes(P<0.05),prolonged withdrawal latencies(P<0.05),decreased local temperature,and increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold(P<0.05),but only SP extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg significantly decreased WBC numbers.Conclusions:SP extract could be a potential medication candidate with anti-inflammatory effects for arthritis,but it requires further investigation into the mechanism of the SP and its effectiveness on other models as well as clinical trials.展开更多
Objective: To study the effects of co-administration of Gynura procumbens (GP) and kelulut honey (KH) on male fertility and libido in diabetes-induced rats. Methods: A total 42 males Sprague Dawley rats aged 8 weeks w...Objective: To study the effects of co-administration of Gynura procumbens (GP) and kelulut honey (KH) on male fertility and libido in diabetes-induced rats. Methods: A total 42 males Sprague Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly and equally divided into six different groups. All groups except a normal control group were induced with 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) intravenously to induce diabetes. A positive control group was treated with an antidiabetic drug, metformin (500 mg/kg) whereas a negative control group remained untreated throughout the experiment. Meanwhile, another three treatments on diabetic rat groups were performed and categorised as Group 1 (450 mg/kg GP+ 300 mg/kg KH), Group 2 (450 mg/kg GP + 600 mg/kg KH) and Group 3 (450 mg/kg GP+ 1200 mg/kg KH). Treatments were given for seven consecutive days through oral gavage and all rats were euthanized on day 8th for fasting blood glucose analysis, sperm quality, spermatogenesis, sexual behaviour and implantation sites analysis. Results: Fasting blood glucose levels were significantly reduced after treatment of GP and KH, compared to negative and positive controls. The treated groups showed significant increment in sperm quality compared to all control groups. Testes histology illustrated significant damages on leydig and sertoli cells for both negative and positive controls. On the contrary, co-administration of GP and KH displayed regeneration of leydig and sertoli cells in the testes. Additionally, the number of implantation sites significantly increased in females copulated with treated groups, compared to controls. Besides, the libido analysis displayed improvement of libido in treated groups, compared to all controls. Throughout the study, insignificant variances were recorded between the treated groups, indicating that treatment in Group 1 was sufficient to trigger significant improvement on fasting blood glucose level, fertility, and libido in diabetic male rats. Conclusions: Co-administration of GP and KH has great potential to serve as a pro-fertility agent amongst diabetic patients.展开更多
Objective： This study investigated the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Tridax procumbens （ALETP） on con- tractile activity of corpus cavernosum in N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester （L-NAME）-induced hypertensive ...Objective： This study investigated the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Tridax procumbens （ALETP） on con- tractile activity of corpus cavernosum in N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester （L-NAME）-induced hypertensive male rats. Methods： Twenty normal, adult male rats （130-150 g） were divided into four groups of five rats each. Group I （control） was given normal saline （0.6 mL/kg） and group II was given L-NAME （40 mg/kg） for 6 weeks. Groups Ill and IV also received L-NAME （40 mg/kg） for 6 weeks but were further co-treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg of ALETP, respectively, from week 4 to week 6. All treatments were given orally. Strips of corpus cavernosum from each of the four groups were exposed to increasing concentrations of acetyl~ choline （ACh） and sodium nitroprusside （SNP） （10^-9-10^-5 tool/L） after contraction with phenylephrine （10^-7 mol/L） to test for a dose-response effect, Response to potassium and calcium was also measured after cumulatively adding potassium and calcium （10-50 mmol/L） to potassium- and calcium-free organ chamber. Isometric contractions were recorded through an Ugo Basile data capsule acquisition system. Results： Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly reduced in the ALETP co-treated group compared to the control and L-NAME-only groups （P 〈 0.05）. Cavernosa strips from ALETP co-treated rats exhibited significant inhibition of contraction in response to phenylephrine, potassium chloride, and calcium chlo- ride （P 〈 0.05）. Relaxation in response to Ach and SNP was also significantly impaired in cavernosa strips from the L-NAME-only treated group （P 〈 0.05）, while ALETP co-treated groups showed enhanced per- centage relaxation. Conclusion： ALETP treatment of L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats promotes a relaxant effect on isolated cavernosa strips. ALETP shows potential in correcting erectile dysfunction in hypertension.展开更多
Objective:The present work was to investigate the protective effects of the aqueous extract of Gynura procumbens(GPAE)against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)in mice and NCTC-1469 cells.Methods:C57 BL/6 J mice were ...Objective:The present work was to investigate the protective effects of the aqueous extract of Gynura procumbens(GPAE)against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)in mice and NCTC-1469 cells.Methods:C57 BL/6 J mice were fed with methionine and choline-deficient(MCD)diet and administered simultaneously with GPAE(500 and 1000 mg/kg/d,respectively)by gavage for six weeks.The biomarkers of NASH in serum and liver were determined.NCTC-1469 cells were pretreated with 0.25 mmol/L palmitic acid(PA)plus 0.5 mmol/L oleic acid(OA)for 24 h or treated with adenovirus expressing short-hairpin RNA against CFLAR(Ad-sh CFLAR)for 24 h and then treated with GPAE(80 and 160μg/m L,respectively)for 24 h,and the content of cellular biomarkers of NASH was detected.Results:In mice treated with MCD,GPAE could decrease the levels of serum ALT,AST,the content of hepatic TG,TC and MDA,repress the activities and protein expression of CYP2 E1 and CYP4 A and the phosphorylation of JNK,increase the activities of HO-1,CAT and GSH-Px,up-regulate the m RNA expression of PPARα,FABP5,CPT1α,ACOX,SCD-1,mGPAT,MTTP and the protein expression of CFLAR and NRF2.In NCTC-1469 cells treated with PA and OA,GPAE could decrease the content of cellular TG and ROS,promote the uptake of 2-NBDG,up-regulate the protein expression of CFLAR and NRF2.In NCTC-1469 cells treated with Ad-sh CFLAR,GPAE up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of CFLAR,down-regulated the phosphorylation of JNK,and increased the protein expression of NRF2 and p IRS1.Conclusion:These results indicated that the activation on CFLAR-JNK pathway might be the main antiNASH mechanism of GPAE,which on the one hand promote theβ-oxidation and efflux of fatty acids in liver,and finally reduce hepatic lipid accumulation,on the other hand increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes and inhibit the activities of ROS generation enzymes by activating NRF2,and therefore attenuates hepatic oxidative stress damage.展开更多
Objective To investigate the renal protective activity of Hsian-tsao Mesona procumbens Hemsl. water extracts in diabetic rats. Methods Thirty Sprague-dawley female rats were randomly divided into three groups （n=10 e...Objective To investigate the renal protective activity of Hsian-tsao Mesona procumbens Hemsl. water extracts in diabetic rats. Methods Thirty Sprague-dawley female rats were randomly divided into three groups （n=10 each）, ＂control group＂ with intraperitoneal saline injection, ＂diabetic group＂ with 60 mg of intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection per kg of body weight and ＂Hsian-tsao group＂ with intragastric administration of Hsian-tsao extraction everyday for 4 weeks after intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection. The body weight and blood sugar were measured before and after model induction in the three groups. Thrombospondin-1 （TSP-1） expressions in the kidney were monitored by immunohistochemistry. Kidney ultrastructural changes were also analyzed by using transmission electron microscopy. Results Before diabetic model induction, there were no significant differences among the three groups in body weight and blood sugar. Four weeks after the induction of diabetes, the differences became statistically significant. Electron microscopy also revealed disruption of the foot processes of the podocytes and other damages in diabetic group. These damages were significantly less severe in Hsian-tsao group when compared with the diabetic group. TSP-1 expressions in the kidney were significantly increased in both the diabetic group and Hsian-tsao group, but it was relatively lower in Hsian-tsao group than in diabetic group. Conclusion Our results showed that Hsian-tsao treatment in the diabetic rats effectively prevented the pathological alterations in the kidney and decreased the TSP- 1 expression. It was suggested that Hsian-tsao had protective effect on the kidneys of the diabetic rats.展开更多
Change in environmental conditions with altitudinal gradients induces morpho-anatomical variations in plants that have been poorly documented in intertropical regions. Five species with three life forms, cryptophyte(A...Change in environmental conditions with altitudinal gradients induces morpho-anatomical variations in plants that have been poorly documented in intertropical regions. Five species with three life forms, cryptophyte(Alchemilla procumbens, Geranium seemannii), hemicryptophyte(Acaena elongata, Lupinus montanus), and phanerophyte(Symphoricarpos microphyllus), distributed along an altitudinal gradient in the Sierra Nevada of central Mexico, were studied. The aims were to identify and evaluate their morpho-anatomical modifications under the hypothesis that the sizes of individuals and of their wood and leaf cell types decrease as elevation increases. Three individuals per species per site were collected at seven locations along the altitudinal gradient(2949-3952 m). Their morpho-anatomical characters were analyzed through multiple regression analyses. Elevation was the variable that best explained anatomical changes in the leaf and wood ofthe five species. Canopy density and potassium content in the soil also contributed to explain the variation in anatomical variables along the gradient. As elevation increased a bimodal pattern was observed in various anatomical characters as in the leaf width of A. elongata, A. procumbens and G. seemannii and in the vessel diameter of A. procumbens, G. seemannii, and L. montanus. Other features as the vessel diameter of A. elongata, the fiber length of S. microphyllus, and the ray width of A. elongata increased as the elevation increased. Anatomical traits have a tendency to decrease in size but just toward the end of the gradient, which is probably related to changes in canopy density. The plant response to the altitudinal gradient is more focused on anatomical adaptations than morphological variation; it is also species dependent.展开更多
[Objectives] To study the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of chlorogenic acid extracts of Gynura procumbens,Lonicera japonica,and Eucommia ulmoides leaves,and provide a reference for their usage as natural food ...[Objectives] To study the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of chlorogenic acid extracts of Gynura procumbens,Lonicera japonica,and Eucommia ulmoides leaves,and provide a reference for their usage as natural food preservatives and antioxidants. [Methods]The disc diffusion method was applied to study the antibacterial activity of chlorogenic acid extracts of G. procumbens,L. japonica,and E. ulmoides leaves against several common pathogens. In the antioxidant effects,study was carried out on the anti-lipid peroxidation,reducing capacity,and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of chlorogenic acid extracts of G. procumbens,L. japonica,and E. ulmoides leaves,respectively.[Results]Three chlorogenic acid extracts had strong inhibitory effects on bacteria,especially the inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus. At the concentration of 100 mg/m L,the bacteriostatic ring of chlorogenic acid extracts of G. procumbens,L. japonica,and E. ulmoides leaves reached 21. 4,23. 6 and 24. 7 mm respectively. Besides,these chlorogenic acid extracts had significant inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and Salmonella,but the inhibitory effect on the yeast was not obvious; the antibacterial intensity of antibacterial compounds was chlorogenic acid extracts of E. ulmoides > chlorogenic acid extracts of L. japonica > chlorogenic acid extracts of G. procumbens. Among these three chlorogenic acid extracts,the chlorogenic acid extracts of E. ulmoides had higher anti-lipid peroxidation,reducing capacity,and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity than other two chlorogenic acid extracts. [Conclusions] This paper reveals that among chlorogenic acid extracts of G. procumbens,L. japonica,and E. ulmoides leaves,the chlorogenic acid extracts of E. ulmoides leaves have a stronger antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity.展开更多
钩果草系非洲传统草药。大量临床研究表明,钩果草的干燥块茎及其提取物在减轻各种骨关节病、风湿病患者的疼痛、提高他们的能动性、改善生活质量方面是安全、有效的。德国 Com-mission E 和欧洲植物治疗科学联盟分别发表专论,承认钩果...钩果草系非洲传统草药。大量临床研究表明,钩果草的干燥块茎及其提取物在减轻各种骨关节病、风湿病患者的疼痛、提高他们的能动性、改善生活质量方面是安全、有效的。德国 Com-mission E 和欧洲植物治疗科学联盟分别发表专论,承认钩果草次生块茎及其提取物的临床抗风湿病功效,并批准作为上述疾病常规治疗的辅助治疗手段。展开更多
基金Supported by a grant from the Ministry of Agriculture and Agrobased Industries,Malaysia(Grant No.304/PFARMASl/650581/K123)
文摘Objective:To study the antidiabetic activity of Gynura procumbens(G.procumbens)used in the traditional management of diabetes in Southern Asia.Methods:G.procumbens leaves were extracted sequentially with graded percentage of ethanol in water(95%,75%,50%,25%and 0%),and the extracts were tested for antidiabetic activity using acute(7 h),subcutaneous glucose tolerance test and sub-chronic(14 d)test in non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.The extracts were further subjected to phytochemical studies.Results:In acute dose(1 g/kg),the extracts significantly lowered fasting blood glucose(FBG)in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats(P<0.05).However,the FBG-lowering effect of the 25%extract compared to the other extracts,was rapid(47%after 2 h)and the highest:53%,53%and 60%in the 3rd,5th,and 7th h,respectively(P<0.05),comparable only to the effect of metformin.Furthermore,the extracts suppressed peak FBG in subcutaneous glucose tolerance test,but only the 0%and 25%extracts,and metformin sustained the decrease until the 90th min(P<0.05).Moreover,in the 14 days study,the 25%extract exerted the highest FBG-lowering effect,namely 49.38%and 65.43%on days 7 and 14,respectively(P<0.05),similar to the effect of metformin(46.26%and 65.42%).Total flavanoid and phenolic contents in the extracts were found to decrease with increase in polarity of extraction solvents.The composition of reference compounds(chlorogenic acid,rutin,astragalin and kaempferol-3-O-nrtinoside)followed a similar trend.Conclusions:G.procumbens contains antidiabetic principles,most extracted in 25%ethanol.Interaction among active components appears to determine the antidiabetic efficacy,achieved likely by a metformin-like mechanism.
基金supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Nos.HKBU12103618 and HKBU12103917)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Baptist University(HKBU)+2 种基金Interdisciplinary Research Matching Scheme(No.RC-IRMS/15-16/02)the Hong Kong Scholars Program Foundation(No.XJ2015047)Mr.Kwok Yat Wai and Madam Kwok Chung Bo Fun Graduate School Development Fund(WANG Dong-Ying)
文摘Twenty-one lignans including three new ones(1, 2 and 13) were isolated from Justicia procumbens. The chemical structures of the new lignans were determined by spectroscopic means including 1 D and 2 D NMR analysis. These compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic and anti-HIV activities. The new secoisolariciresinol dimethyl ether acetate(13) exhibited anti-HIV-1 activity with an IC50 value of 5.27 μmol·L^-1 and a selective index(SI) value of 2.2. The known arylnaphthalene lignan procumbenoside A(3) and diphyllin(8) demonstrated inhibitory activity against HIV-1 with IC50 values of 4.95(SI > 6.2) and 0.38 μmol·L^-1(SI = 5.3), respectively.
基金supported by Military Hospital 103Vietnam Military Medical University。
文摘Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Solanum procumbens on complete Freund’s adjuvantinduced arthritis rat models.Methods:We isolated and identified five compounds in the ethanolsoluble Solanum procumbens extract(SP)with anti-inflammatory effects,including ursolic acid,β-sitosterol,hexadecanoic acid,cisvaccenic acid,and vanillic acid.Additionally,we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of SP on rheumatoid arthritis symptoms,including paw volumes,local temperatures,withdrawal latency,and mechanical withdrawal threshold at the hind paw and white blood cell(WBC)number from complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis rat models.Results:We have successfully established a complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model at a low dose(1 mg/mL).SP extract significantly reduced paw volumes(P<0.05),prolonged withdrawal latencies(P<0.05),decreased local temperature,and increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold(P<0.05),but only SP extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg significantly decreased WBC numbers.Conclusions:SP extract could be a potential medication candidate with anti-inflammatory effects for arthritis,but it requires further investigation into the mechanism of the SP and its effectiveness on other models as well as clinical trials.
文摘Objective: To study the effects of co-administration of Gynura procumbens (GP) and kelulut honey (KH) on male fertility and libido in diabetes-induced rats. Methods: A total 42 males Sprague Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly and equally divided into six different groups. All groups except a normal control group were induced with 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) intravenously to induce diabetes. A positive control group was treated with an antidiabetic drug, metformin (500 mg/kg) whereas a negative control group remained untreated throughout the experiment. Meanwhile, another three treatments on diabetic rat groups were performed and categorised as Group 1 (450 mg/kg GP+ 300 mg/kg KH), Group 2 (450 mg/kg GP + 600 mg/kg KH) and Group 3 (450 mg/kg GP+ 1200 mg/kg KH). Treatments were given for seven consecutive days through oral gavage and all rats were euthanized on day 8th for fasting blood glucose analysis, sperm quality, spermatogenesis, sexual behaviour and implantation sites analysis. Results: Fasting blood glucose levels were significantly reduced after treatment of GP and KH, compared to negative and positive controls. The treated groups showed significant increment in sperm quality compared to all control groups. Testes histology illustrated significant damages on leydig and sertoli cells for both negative and positive controls. On the contrary, co-administration of GP and KH displayed regeneration of leydig and sertoli cells in the testes. Additionally, the number of implantation sites significantly increased in females copulated with treated groups, compared to controls. Besides, the libido analysis displayed improvement of libido in treated groups, compared to all controls. Throughout the study, insignificant variances were recorded between the treated groups, indicating that treatment in Group 1 was sufficient to trigger significant improvement on fasting blood glucose level, fertility, and libido in diabetic male rats. Conclusions: Co-administration of GP and KH has great potential to serve as a pro-fertility agent amongst diabetic patients.
文摘Objective： This study investigated the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Tridax procumbens （ALETP） on con- tractile activity of corpus cavernosum in N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester （L-NAME）-induced hypertensive male rats. Methods： Twenty normal, adult male rats （130-150 g） were divided into four groups of five rats each. Group I （control） was given normal saline （0.6 mL/kg） and group II was given L-NAME （40 mg/kg） for 6 weeks. Groups Ill and IV also received L-NAME （40 mg/kg） for 6 weeks but were further co-treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg of ALETP, respectively, from week 4 to week 6. All treatments were given orally. Strips of corpus cavernosum from each of the four groups were exposed to increasing concentrations of acetyl~ choline （ACh） and sodium nitroprusside （SNP） （10^-9-10^-5 tool/L） after contraction with phenylephrine （10^-7 mol/L） to test for a dose-response effect, Response to potassium and calcium was also measured after cumulatively adding potassium and calcium （10-50 mmol/L） to potassium- and calcium-free organ chamber. Isometric contractions were recorded through an Ugo Basile data capsule acquisition system. Results： Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly reduced in the ALETP co-treated group compared to the control and L-NAME-only groups （P 〈 0.05）. Cavernosa strips from ALETP co-treated rats exhibited significant inhibition of contraction in response to phenylephrine, potassium chloride, and calcium chlo- ride （P 〈 0.05）. Relaxation in response to Ach and SNP was also significantly impaired in cavernosa strips from the L-NAME-only treated group （P 〈 0.05）, while ALETP co-treated groups showed enhanced per- centage relaxation. Conclusion： ALETP treatment of L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats promotes a relaxant effect on isolated cavernosa strips. ALETP shows potential in correcting erectile dysfunction in hypertension.
基金supported by the major technological innovation project of Hubei Province(grant No.2016ACA140)the united fund for innovation and entrepreneurship of Ministry of Education of China(grant No.201610512001).
文摘Objective:The present work was to investigate the protective effects of the aqueous extract of Gynura procumbens(GPAE)against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)in mice and NCTC-1469 cells.Methods:C57 BL/6 J mice were fed with methionine and choline-deficient(MCD)diet and administered simultaneously with GPAE(500 and 1000 mg/kg/d,respectively)by gavage for six weeks.The biomarkers of NASH in serum and liver were determined.NCTC-1469 cells were pretreated with 0.25 mmol/L palmitic acid(PA)plus 0.5 mmol/L oleic acid(OA)for 24 h or treated with adenovirus expressing short-hairpin RNA against CFLAR(Ad-sh CFLAR)for 24 h and then treated with GPAE(80 and 160μg/m L,respectively)for 24 h,and the content of cellular biomarkers of NASH was detected.Results:In mice treated with MCD,GPAE could decrease the levels of serum ALT,AST,the content of hepatic TG,TC and MDA,repress the activities and protein expression of CYP2 E1 and CYP4 A and the phosphorylation of JNK,increase the activities of HO-1,CAT and GSH-Px,up-regulate the m RNA expression of PPARα,FABP5,CPT1α,ACOX,SCD-1,mGPAT,MTTP and the protein expression of CFLAR and NRF2.In NCTC-1469 cells treated with PA and OA,GPAE could decrease the content of cellular TG and ROS,promote the uptake of 2-NBDG,up-regulate the protein expression of CFLAR and NRF2.In NCTC-1469 cells treated with Ad-sh CFLAR,GPAE up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of CFLAR,down-regulated the phosphorylation of JNK,and increased the protein expression of NRF2 and p IRS1.Conclusion:These results indicated that the activation on CFLAR-JNK pathway might be the main antiNASH mechanism of GPAE,which on the one hand promote theβ-oxidation and efflux of fatty acids in liver,and finally reduce hepatic lipid accumulation,on the other hand increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes and inhibit the activities of ROS generation enzymes by activating NRF2,and therefore attenuates hepatic oxidative stress damage.
基金This research was supported by the Science Found of Zhejiang Province (No. 2004C32082)
文摘Objective To investigate the renal protective activity of Hsian-tsao Mesona procumbens Hemsl. water extracts in diabetic rats. Methods Thirty Sprague-dawley female rats were randomly divided into three groups （n=10 each）, ＂control group＂ with intraperitoneal saline injection, ＂diabetic group＂ with 60 mg of intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection per kg of body weight and ＂Hsian-tsao group＂ with intragastric administration of Hsian-tsao extraction everyday for 4 weeks after intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection. The body weight and blood sugar were measured before and after model induction in the three groups. Thrombospondin-1 （TSP-1） expressions in the kidney were monitored by immunohistochemistry. Kidney ultrastructural changes were also analyzed by using transmission electron microscopy. Results Before diabetic model induction, there were no significant differences among the three groups in body weight and blood sugar. Four weeks after the induction of diabetes, the differences became statistically significant. Electron microscopy also revealed disruption of the foot processes of the podocytes and other damages in diabetic group. These damages were significantly less severe in Hsian-tsao group when compared with the diabetic group. TSP-1 expressions in the kidney were significantly increased in both the diabetic group and Hsian-tsao group, but it was relatively lower in Hsian-tsao group than in diabetic group. Conclusion Our results showed that Hsian-tsao treatment in the diabetic rats effectively prevented the pathological alterations in the kidney and decreased the TSP- 1 expression. It was suggested that Hsian-tsao had protective effect on the kidneys of the diabetic rats.
文摘Change in environmental conditions with altitudinal gradients induces morpho-anatomical variations in plants that have been poorly documented in intertropical regions. Five species with three life forms, cryptophyte(Alchemilla procumbens, Geranium seemannii), hemicryptophyte(Acaena elongata, Lupinus montanus), and phanerophyte(Symphoricarpos microphyllus), distributed along an altitudinal gradient in the Sierra Nevada of central Mexico, were studied. The aims were to identify and evaluate their morpho-anatomical modifications under the hypothesis that the sizes of individuals and of their wood and leaf cell types decrease as elevation increases. Three individuals per species per site were collected at seven locations along the altitudinal gradient(2949-3952 m). Their morpho-anatomical characters were analyzed through multiple regression analyses. Elevation was the variable that best explained anatomical changes in the leaf and wood ofthe five species. Canopy density and potassium content in the soil also contributed to explain the variation in anatomical variables along the gradient. As elevation increased a bimodal pattern was observed in various anatomical characters as in the leaf width of A. elongata, A. procumbens and G. seemannii and in the vessel diameter of A. procumbens, G. seemannii, and L. montanus. Other features as the vessel diameter of A. elongata, the fiber length of S. microphyllus, and the ray width of A. elongata increased as the elevation increased. Anatomical traits have a tendency to decrease in size but just toward the end of the gradient, which is probably related to changes in canopy density. The plant response to the altitudinal gradient is more focused on anatomical adaptations than morphological variation; it is also species dependent.
基金Supported by Key Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Province(2017ACF60009)Key Project of Jiangxi Academy of Sciences(2016-YZDZ-03)
文摘[Objectives] To study the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of chlorogenic acid extracts of Gynura procumbens,Lonicera japonica,and Eucommia ulmoides leaves,and provide a reference for their usage as natural food preservatives and antioxidants. [Methods]The disc diffusion method was applied to study the antibacterial activity of chlorogenic acid extracts of G. procumbens,L. japonica,and E. ulmoides leaves against several common pathogens. In the antioxidant effects,study was carried out on the anti-lipid peroxidation,reducing capacity,and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of chlorogenic acid extracts of G. procumbens,L. japonica,and E. ulmoides leaves,respectively.[Results]Three chlorogenic acid extracts had strong inhibitory effects on bacteria,especially the inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus. At the concentration of 100 mg/m L,the bacteriostatic ring of chlorogenic acid extracts of G. procumbens,L. japonica,and E. ulmoides leaves reached 21. 4,23. 6 and 24. 7 mm respectively. Besides,these chlorogenic acid extracts had significant inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and Salmonella,but the inhibitory effect on the yeast was not obvious; the antibacterial intensity of antibacterial compounds was chlorogenic acid extracts of E. ulmoides > chlorogenic acid extracts of L. japonica > chlorogenic acid extracts of G. procumbens. Among these three chlorogenic acid extracts,the chlorogenic acid extracts of E. ulmoides had higher anti-lipid peroxidation,reducing capacity,and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity than other two chlorogenic acid extracts. [Conclusions] This paper reveals that among chlorogenic acid extracts of G. procumbens,L. japonica,and E. ulmoides leaves,the chlorogenic acid extracts of E. ulmoides leaves have a stronger antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity.
文摘钩果草系非洲传统草药。大量临床研究表明,钩果草的干燥块茎及其提取物在减轻各种骨关节病、风湿病患者的疼痛、提高他们的能动性、改善生活质量方面是安全、有效的。德国 Com-mission E 和欧洲植物治疗科学联盟分别发表专论,承认钩果草次生块茎及其提取物的临床抗风湿病功效,并批准作为上述疾病常规治疗的辅助治疗手段。
