Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL)is a degenerative disease characterized by progressive ectopic bone formation process,which can lead to severe neurological impairments and reduced quality of l...Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL)is a degenerative disease characterized by progressive ectopic bone formation process,which can lead to severe neurological impairments and reduced quality of life.While the etiology of OPLL is generally considered multifactorial,there is no consensus regarding these contributing factors including genetic,endocrine,biomechanical,immune and lifestyle factors.Through accumulating evidence from multidisciplinary investigations,the pathophysiological connection between OPLL and endocrine-metabolic dysregulation is becoming increasingly clear.Nevertheless,comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the two is hindered by several problems,such as methodological limitations and inadequate mechanistic studies.This review takes a deep dive into the possible factors contributing to OPLL from all aspects of metabolism,including glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,bone and mineral metabolism,leptin,vitamin,growth hormone/IGF-1 and sex hormones,highlighting their potential roles in the onset and progression of OPLL.Clarifying the etiology of OPLL and elucidating the underlying pathogenesis are crucial for advancing both early intervention strategies and therapeutic approaches in clinical management.Therefore,the endocrine and metabolic disorders in OPLL patients should become a focus of future research.展开更多
Mixed transition-metal oxides(MTMOs)have attracted much research interest because of their promising applications in artificial enzymes.In this work,uniform hollow MnCo_(2)O_(4)nanofibers have been fabricated via an e...Mixed transition-metal oxides(MTMOs)have attracted much research interest because of their promising applications in artificial enzymes.In this work,uniform hollow MnCo_(2)O_(4)nanofibers have been fabricated via an electrospinning technique followed by a calcination process,which can be used as efficient oxidase mimics.In detail,the as-prepared hollow MnCo_(2)O_(4)nanofibers display excellent oxidase-like activity toward the oxidation of 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)superior to their corresponding single-metal oxides without the addition of H_(2)O_(2).展开更多
World ammonia production reached 235 million tons in 2019,and roughly 88%of NH3 produced goes into the agriculture sector as fertilizers.Industrial ammonia production relies on the Haber–Bosch process,which is highly...World ammonia production reached 235 million tons in 2019,and roughly 88%of NH3 produced goes into the agriculture sector as fertilizers.Industrial ammonia production relies on the Haber–Bosch process,which is highly energy demanding and results in high CO2 emission.More than 1%of global energy generation was required to power this Haber–Bosch process.While sustainable development has become a general consensus across the globe,there has been enormous research interest toward the possible modification or replacement of the Haber–Bosch process,aiming to reduce the environmental impact of NH3 production.With the successful commercialization of various renewable source-powered electricity generation techniques,the electrochemical reduction of nitrogen-containing chemicals(including N2,NO3−,NO2−and NO)to produce NH3 under ambient conditions has emerged as a potential green alternative to the Haber–Bosch process.This technique utilizes renewable electricity to achieve small-scale,on-site and on-demand ammonia production,serving as a critical contribution to the overall carbon neutral economy.The design and synthesis of novel catalysts with high NH3 production rate and selectivity is the key challenge in determining economic feasibility for this electrochemical NH3 production.In view of the rapid and fruitful development of metal oxides as promising electrocatalysts toward NH3 formation,this review summarizes different types of metal oxides used for the electrochemical N2 reduction reaction and electrochemical NOx reduction reaction,together with design strategies to enhance their catalytic performance.As a concluding remark,our thoughts are given on the critical challenges in this field,suggesting possible future research directions to accomplish industrialization for the electrosynthesis of NH3.展开更多
Ammonia,as an important feedstock,is industrially produced through the Haber–Bosch process,which not only consumes massive amounts of energy,but also results in serious environmental problems.Electrochemically coupli...Ammonia,as an important feedstock,is industrially produced through the Haber–Bosch process,which not only consumes massive amounts of energy,but also results in serious environmental problems.Electrochemically coupling the nitrate reduction reaction(NO_(3)RR)toward ammonia with the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is both attractive for reducing environmental pollution and for facilitating energy efficient ammonia synthesis.However,the sluggish kinetics of the anodic OER and the overall high energy consumption limit the overall activity of the nitrate reduction system.The development of efficient electrocatalysts that promote both NO_(3)RR and OER processes remains challenging.In this work,a simple hydrothermal method followed by rapid Joule heating treatment was employed to synthesize Femodified Co_(2)Mo_(3)O_(8) on nickel foam(FeCoMo/NF)as a bifunctional catalyst for the NO_(3)RR and OER.Notably,the introduction of Fe not only enhanced the adsorption of nitrate and various reaction intermediates on FeCoMo/NF,but also lowered the reaction energy barriers of the rate-determining step(NO_(3)^(−)→NO_(2)^(−)).This greatly facilitated the cascade reaction of NO_(3)^(−)→NO_(2)^(−)→NH_(3) and enhanced the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction activity.Meanwhile,FeCoMo/NF also demonstrated excellent OER activity,presenting a 318 mV overpotential at 40 mA cm^(−2).In the two-electrode flow-cell system,FeCoMo/NF||FeCoMo/NF exhibited high electrochemical stability with an EPC of only 21.30 kW h kgNH_(3)^(−1) and a combined overpotential of only 0.81 V,which was superior to that of an H-type cell.Therefore,a two-electrode NO_(3)RR and OER flow cell device structure was constructed based on the FeCoMo/NF catalytic system,which realized the effective utilization of energy and has great potential for practical application.展开更多
文摘Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL)is a degenerative disease characterized by progressive ectopic bone formation process,which can lead to severe neurological impairments and reduced quality of life.While the etiology of OPLL is generally considered multifactorial,there is no consensus regarding these contributing factors including genetic,endocrine,biomechanical,immune and lifestyle factors.Through accumulating evidence from multidisciplinary investigations,the pathophysiological connection between OPLL and endocrine-metabolic dysregulation is becoming increasingly clear.Nevertheless,comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the two is hindered by several problems,such as methodological limitations and inadequate mechanistic studies.This review takes a deep dive into the possible factors contributing to OPLL from all aspects of metabolism,including glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,bone and mineral metabolism,leptin,vitamin,growth hormone/IGF-1 and sex hormones,highlighting their potential roles in the onset and progression of OPLL.Clarifying the etiology of OPLL and elucidating the underlying pathogenesis are crucial for advancing both early intervention strategies and therapeutic approaches in clinical management.Therefore,the endocrine and metabolic disorders in OPLL patients should become a focus of future research.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21474043,51473065).
文摘Mixed transition-metal oxides(MTMOs)have attracted much research interest because of their promising applications in artificial enzymes.In this work,uniform hollow MnCo_(2)O_(4)nanofibers have been fabricated via an electrospinning technique followed by a calcination process,which can be used as efficient oxidase mimics.In detail,the as-prepared hollow MnCo_(2)O_(4)nanofibers display excellent oxidase-like activity toward the oxidation of 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)superior to their corresponding single-metal oxides without the addition of H_(2)O_(2).
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province(no.BK20220879)the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China(no.22209072)Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professors.
文摘World ammonia production reached 235 million tons in 2019,and roughly 88%of NH3 produced goes into the agriculture sector as fertilizers.Industrial ammonia production relies on the Haber–Bosch process,which is highly energy demanding and results in high CO2 emission.More than 1%of global energy generation was required to power this Haber–Bosch process.While sustainable development has become a general consensus across the globe,there has been enormous research interest toward the possible modification or replacement of the Haber–Bosch process,aiming to reduce the environmental impact of NH3 production.With the successful commercialization of various renewable source-powered electricity generation techniques,the electrochemical reduction of nitrogen-containing chemicals(including N2,NO3−,NO2−and NO)to produce NH3 under ambient conditions has emerged as a potential green alternative to the Haber–Bosch process.This technique utilizes renewable electricity to achieve small-scale,on-site and on-demand ammonia production,serving as a critical contribution to the overall carbon neutral economy.The design and synthesis of novel catalysts with high NH3 production rate and selectivity is the key challenge in determining economic feasibility for this electrochemical NH3 production.In view of the rapid and fruitful development of metal oxides as promising electrocatalysts toward NH3 formation,this review summarizes different types of metal oxides used for the electrochemical N2 reduction reaction and electrochemical NOx reduction reaction,together with design strategies to enhance their catalytic performance.As a concluding remark,our thoughts are given on the critical challenges in this field,suggesting possible future research directions to accomplish industrialization for the electrosynthesis of NH3.
基金supported by the Taishan Scholars Foundation of Shandong Province(No.:tsqn201909058)。
文摘Ammonia,as an important feedstock,is industrially produced through the Haber–Bosch process,which not only consumes massive amounts of energy,but also results in serious environmental problems.Electrochemically coupling the nitrate reduction reaction(NO_(3)RR)toward ammonia with the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is both attractive for reducing environmental pollution and for facilitating energy efficient ammonia synthesis.However,the sluggish kinetics of the anodic OER and the overall high energy consumption limit the overall activity of the nitrate reduction system.The development of efficient electrocatalysts that promote both NO_(3)RR and OER processes remains challenging.In this work,a simple hydrothermal method followed by rapid Joule heating treatment was employed to synthesize Femodified Co_(2)Mo_(3)O_(8) on nickel foam(FeCoMo/NF)as a bifunctional catalyst for the NO_(3)RR and OER.Notably,the introduction of Fe not only enhanced the adsorption of nitrate and various reaction intermediates on FeCoMo/NF,but also lowered the reaction energy barriers of the rate-determining step(NO_(3)^(−)→NO_(2)^(−)).This greatly facilitated the cascade reaction of NO_(3)^(−)→NO_(2)^(−)→NH_(3) and enhanced the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction activity.Meanwhile,FeCoMo/NF also demonstrated excellent OER activity,presenting a 318 mV overpotential at 40 mA cm^(−2).In the two-electrode flow-cell system,FeCoMo/NF||FeCoMo/NF exhibited high electrochemical stability with an EPC of only 21.30 kW h kgNH_(3)^(−1) and a combined overpotential of only 0.81 V,which was superior to that of an H-type cell.Therefore,a two-electrode NO_(3)RR and OER flow cell device structure was constructed based on the FeCoMo/NF catalytic system,which realized the effective utilization of energy and has great potential for practical application.
