This study aimed to investigate the incidence of patent processus vaginalis(PPV)in pediatric patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis and explore the associated factors.From May 2014 to April 2017,152 boys who we...This study aimed to investigate the incidence of patent processus vaginalis(PPV)in pediatric patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis and explore the associated factors.From May 2014 to April 2017,152 boys who were diagnosed with a unilateral nonpalpable testis and underwent laparoscopy in Shanghai Children’s Hospital(Shanghai,China)were included in this study.The data were collected and reviewed,and the results were analyzed regarding the age at operation,side,development,and position of the nonpalpable testis.The mean age of the patients was 2.6(standard deviation:2.3)years.The testis was absent in 14 cases,nonviable in 81 cases,and viable in 57 cases.The incidence of PPV was 37.5%(57 of 152)on the ipsilateral side and 16.4%(25 of 152)on the contralateral side.The ipsilateral PPV was more prevalent when the nonpalpable testis occurred on the right side(P<0.01).Besides,patients with a viable testis had a greater incidence of ipsilateral PPV than those with a nonviable or absent testis(P<0.01).Moreover,this rate was the highest when the testis was in the abdominal cavity and the lowest when the testis was in the scrotum(both P<0.01).However,the incidence of contralateral PPV was independent of all the factors.In conclusion,in children with a nonpalpable testis,the incidence of an ipsilateral PPV was significantly related to the side,development,and position of the testis,while it was independent of these factors on the contralateral side.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONAlthough laparoscopic herniorrhaphy is the most common procedure performed by pediatric surgeons at present, herniorrhaphy with an asymptomatic patent processus vaginalis （PPV） remains controversial. The...INTRODUCTIONAlthough laparoscopic herniorrhaphy is the most common procedure performed by pediatric surgeons at present, herniorrhaphy with an asymptomatic patent processus vaginalis （PPV） remains controversial. The incidence of contralateral PPV on laparoscopy in previous studies was reported as 20%-50%, but it is believed to approach 100% in premature infants. It has been reported that 4%-34% patients have the risk of developing subsequent metachronous contralateral hernia after a repair of an ipsilateral hernia.Iu If this is true, then the identification and closure of a PPV at the time of ipsilateral hernia repair will obviate the need for a second operation in thousands of children every year. With recent advances in minimally invasive surgery, transinguinal diagnostic laparoscopy has emerged as a safe and effective method for evaluating a pediatric patient with PPV. Meanwhile, the laparoscopy has been widely used to manage the infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis （IHPS）, due to equally high success rate, minimal complications, and a shorter hospital stay.展开更多
Objective: To analyze our experience in the management of ovarian hernia in children. Methods: It was a retrospective study about 11 cases treated in pediatric surgery unit of the Teaching Hospital of Bouaké, in ...Objective: To analyze our experience in the management of ovarian hernia in children. Methods: It was a retrospective study about 11 cases treated in pediatric surgery unit of the Teaching Hospital of Bouaké, in 2 years period. Results: Ovarian hernia represented 7.69% of the hernias and 73.33% of the hernia cases in girls. The mean age was 4 years and the median 36 months. The main reason for consultation was inguinal swelling (45.45%) following by swelling of the labia majora (36.36%), and a round mass of labia majora palpated by parents while bathing the child (18.18%). Nine (9) patients had been operated on;we realize the closure of peritoneo-vaginal canal, associated in 66.66% cases with a routine surgical exploration of the contralateral side. Average age of these children with contralateral hernia was 20 months. The mean follow up was 6 months (15 days - 15 months). We noticed an appearance of contralateral ovarian hernia in a girl operated on at 3 years old without routine surgical exploration. Conclusion: We recommend early management with a systematic surgical exploration of the contralateral side in young female child. A preoperative ultrasonography could be a routine in case of strangulated hernia, if available.展开更多
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that the processual aspect of literary works of art deserves much more attention than it normally receives by readers, critics, and theorists. The most important reason fo...The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that the processual aspect of literary works of art deserves much more attention than it normally receives by readers, critics, and theorists. The most important reason for this is seen in the fact that texts since the advent of print culture have been disseminated and passed on in written form and that in the medium of writing the processual character of language is only insufficiently taken care of by a cultural convention of arranging and approaching the presented signs in an particular sequence. Whereas in an oral culture the dynamic processuality of a speech or recitation was directly experienced by the listeners, the spatial arrangement of signs in writing enables and even entices readers and critics to read this or that part of a written text in a sequence of their own making. What remains out of focus is that in doing so they miss the particular semantic profile and aesthetic character of the work as created by the author--a procedure particularly hurtful in the case of literary works of art. There is hope, however, that this will somewhat change by our moving towards a performance culture展开更多
The three mainstream International Relations theories that have arisen in the past thirty years, structural realism, neo-liberal institutionalism and structural constructivism, have all missed an important dimension, ...The three mainstream International Relations theories that have arisen in the past thirty years, structural realism, neo-liberal institutionalism and structural constructivism, have all missed an important dimension, i.e., the study relational complexity in international society. of processes in the international system and of This paper, informed by social constructivism and Chinese philosophical traditions, aims to make up for this missing link and develop a theoretical model of processual constructivism by incorporating and conceptualizing two key Chinese ideas - processes and relations. ＂Process,＂ defined as relations in motion, can stand on its own, has its own dynamics, and plays a crucial role in international relations. The core of process, by definition, consists in relations. If ＂rationality,＂ rooted in individuality, has been a key concept for Western society, then its counterpart in Chinese society can be ＂relationality.＂ Conceptualizing relationality and treating it as the theoretical hard core, processual constructivism holds that relational networking in international society helps nation-states form their identities and produces international power. Processual constructivism is an evolution theory at systemic level, focusing on interactive practices among states and emphasizing the independent ontology of social processes which play a meaningful role in constructing international norms and state identities.展开更多
In contrast to traditional strategic approaches that are based on complexity reduction, this paper aims to develop an alternative way of understanding entrepreneurial strategy and managing complexity from a processual...In contrast to traditional strategic approaches that are based on complexity reduction, this paper aims to develop an alternative way of understanding entrepreneurial strategy and managing complexity from a processual perspective. The new perspective is developed from a processual perspective integrating insights from an understanding of complexity to engage with philosophical accounts of Chinese processual thought particularly as it is applied to entrepreneurial strategy. The new theoretical framework is empirically investigated through case studies of 30 entrepreneurial organizations in China. The findings confirm that timing and action, context/situation, and efficacy are the three key components in complexity absorption as preferred entrepreneurial strategic approaches.展开更多
基金This study is supported by the Project of Shanghai Children’s Hospital(2020YLYZ03)。
文摘This study aimed to investigate the incidence of patent processus vaginalis(PPV)in pediatric patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis and explore the associated factors.From May 2014 to April 2017,152 boys who were diagnosed with a unilateral nonpalpable testis and underwent laparoscopy in Shanghai Children’s Hospital(Shanghai,China)were included in this study.The data were collected and reviewed,and the results were analyzed regarding the age at operation,side,development,and position of the nonpalpable testis.The mean age of the patients was 2.6(standard deviation:2.3)years.The testis was absent in 14 cases,nonviable in 81 cases,and viable in 57 cases.The incidence of PPV was 37.5%(57 of 152)on the ipsilateral side and 16.4%(25 of 152)on the contralateral side.The ipsilateral PPV was more prevalent when the nonpalpable testis occurred on the right side(P<0.01).Besides,patients with a viable testis had a greater incidence of ipsilateral PPV than those with a nonviable or absent testis(P<0.01).Moreover,this rate was the highest when the testis was in the abdominal cavity and the lowest when the testis was in the scrotum(both P<0.01).However,the incidence of contralateral PPV was independent of all the factors.In conclusion,in children with a nonpalpable testis,the incidence of an ipsilateral PPV was significantly related to the side,development,and position of the testis,while it was independent of these factors on the contralateral side.
文摘INTRODUCTIONAlthough laparoscopic herniorrhaphy is the most common procedure performed by pediatric surgeons at present, herniorrhaphy with an asymptomatic patent processus vaginalis （PPV） remains controversial. The incidence of contralateral PPV on laparoscopy in previous studies was reported as 20%-50%, but it is believed to approach 100% in premature infants. It has been reported that 4%-34% patients have the risk of developing subsequent metachronous contralateral hernia after a repair of an ipsilateral hernia.Iu If this is true, then the identification and closure of a PPV at the time of ipsilateral hernia repair will obviate the need for a second operation in thousands of children every year. With recent advances in minimally invasive surgery, transinguinal diagnostic laparoscopy has emerged as a safe and effective method for evaluating a pediatric patient with PPV. Meanwhile, the laparoscopy has been widely used to manage the infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis （IHPS）, due to equally high success rate, minimal complications, and a shorter hospital stay.
文摘Objective: To analyze our experience in the management of ovarian hernia in children. Methods: It was a retrospective study about 11 cases treated in pediatric surgery unit of the Teaching Hospital of Bouaké, in 2 years period. Results: Ovarian hernia represented 7.69% of the hernias and 73.33% of the hernia cases in girls. The mean age was 4 years and the median 36 months. The main reason for consultation was inguinal swelling (45.45%) following by swelling of the labia majora (36.36%), and a round mass of labia majora palpated by parents while bathing the child (18.18%). Nine (9) patients had been operated on;we realize the closure of peritoneo-vaginal canal, associated in 66.66% cases with a routine surgical exploration of the contralateral side. Average age of these children with contralateral hernia was 20 months. The mean follow up was 6 months (15 days - 15 months). We noticed an appearance of contralateral ovarian hernia in a girl operated on at 3 years old without routine surgical exploration. Conclusion: We recommend early management with a systematic surgical exploration of the contralateral side in young female child. A preoperative ultrasonography could be a routine in case of strangulated hernia, if available.
文摘The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that the processual aspect of literary works of art deserves much more attention than it normally receives by readers, critics, and theorists. The most important reason for this is seen in the fact that texts since the advent of print culture have been disseminated and passed on in written form and that in the medium of writing the processual character of language is only insufficiently taken care of by a cultural convention of arranging and approaching the presented signs in an particular sequence. Whereas in an oral culture the dynamic processuality of a speech or recitation was directly experienced by the listeners, the spatial arrangement of signs in writing enables and even entices readers and critics to read this or that part of a written text in a sequence of their own making. What remains out of focus is that in doing so they miss the particular semantic profile and aesthetic character of the work as created by the author--a procedure particularly hurtful in the case of literary works of art. There is hope, however, that this will somewhat change by our moving towards a performance culture
文摘The three mainstream International Relations theories that have arisen in the past thirty years, structural realism, neo-liberal institutionalism and structural constructivism, have all missed an important dimension, i.e., the study relational complexity in international society. of processes in the international system and of This paper, informed by social constructivism and Chinese philosophical traditions, aims to make up for this missing link and develop a theoretical model of processual constructivism by incorporating and conceptualizing two key Chinese ideas - processes and relations. ＂Process,＂ defined as relations in motion, can stand on its own, has its own dynamics, and plays a crucial role in international relations. The core of process, by definition, consists in relations. If ＂rationality,＂ rooted in individuality, has been a key concept for Western society, then its counterpart in Chinese society can be ＂relationality.＂ Conceptualizing relationality and treating it as the theoretical hard core, processual constructivism holds that relational networking in international society helps nation-states form their identities and produces international power. Processual constructivism is an evolution theory at systemic level, focusing on interactive practices among states and emphasizing the independent ontology of social processes which play a meaningful role in constructing international norms and state identities.
文摘In contrast to traditional strategic approaches that are based on complexity reduction, this paper aims to develop an alternative way of understanding entrepreneurial strategy and managing complexity from a processual perspective. The new perspective is developed from a processual perspective integrating insights from an understanding of complexity to engage with philosophical accounts of Chinese processual thought particularly as it is applied to entrepreneurial strategy. The new theoretical framework is empirically investigated through case studies of 30 entrepreneurial organizations in China. The findings confirm that timing and action, context/situation, and efficacy are the three key components in complexity absorption as preferred entrepreneurial strategic approaches.
