Knee osteoarthritis(OA)is extremely common and often complicated by loss of extension(flexion contracture or FC),associated with worse clinical outcomes.1,2,3 Once established,an FC is very difficult to reverse,leadin...Knee osteoarthritis(OA)is extremely common and often complicated by loss of extension(flexion contracture or FC),associated with worse clinical outcomes.1,2,3 Once established,an FC is very difficult to reverse,leading to increased long-term morbidity.1,2,3 Whole-genome microarray studying posterior knee capsule biopsies in people with OA and knee FC reported an up-regulation in cellular and biological adhesion pathways consistent with an underlying activated connective tissue process,such as excess fibrous tissue production,limiting knee extension.3 Fibrous tissue is produced by fibroblasts,which in turn are derived from mesenchymal stromal cell precursors.4 Fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells may therefore contribute to a pathologic tissue process in the posterior joint capsule in OA,such as capsular fibrosis,and could represent novel early targets for reducing OA morbidity.Therefore,the objectives of this study were to examine the whole-genome expression of fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells within the posterior and anterior OA joint capsule and to identify genes and pathways associated with knee FC to better understand the pathophysiology of OA FC development and direct novel treatment avenues.展开更多
Mediated by the interactions with quantum vacuum fields,a probe laser field propagating in a nonlinear optical medium can generate new pair of light fields over a broad spectral range via spontaneous parametric proces...Mediated by the interactions with quantum vacuum fields,a probe laser field propagating in a nonlinear optical medium can generate new pair of light fields over a broad spectral range via spontaneous parametric process.Such process is inherently independent of the incident direction of light and reciprocal thus far,due to the directionindependent field-vacuum interactions.In this work,we experimentally demonstrate within sodium atomic vapors that such spontaneous parametric process can be nonreciprocal by unidirectionally coupling it to another pumped four-wave mixing process.Thanks to the broad bandwidth of the spontaneous parametric process,in combination with the Doppler and power-induced broadening of atomic energy levels,we achieve optical isolation with isolation ratio>25 dB over a bandwidth larger than 100 GHz.Considering that both spontaneous parametric processes and the pumped four-wave mixing have been realized in diverse solid photonic platforms,the demonstrated concept can motivate further explorations in the design of integrated magnetic-free broadband optical nonreciprocity via the interactions between nonlinear optical processes.展开更多
基金funded by the Bruyère Academic Medical Organization Research Innovation Fund(Ottawa,Canada)(No.BAM-18-001)The funding source had no role in the design of this study,analysis of the data,or production of the manuscript.
文摘Knee osteoarthritis(OA)is extremely common and often complicated by loss of extension(flexion contracture or FC),associated with worse clinical outcomes.1,2,3 Once established,an FC is very difficult to reverse,leading to increased long-term morbidity.1,2,3 Whole-genome microarray studying posterior knee capsule biopsies in people with OA and knee FC reported an up-regulation in cellular and biological adhesion pathways consistent with an underlying activated connective tissue process,such as excess fibrous tissue production,limiting knee extension.3 Fibrous tissue is produced by fibroblasts,which in turn are derived from mesenchymal stromal cell precursors.4 Fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells may therefore contribute to a pathologic tissue process in the posterior joint capsule in OA,such as capsular fibrosis,and could represent novel early targets for reducing OA morbidity.Therefore,the objectives of this study were to examine the whole-genome expression of fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells within the posterior and anterior OA joint capsule and to identify genes and pathways associated with knee FC to better understand the pathophysiology of OA FC development and direct novel treatment avenues.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62475209,62022066,12074306 and 92365107)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0308700)+2 种基金Qinchuangyuan“Scientist+Engineer”Team Construction of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2024QCY-KXJ-178)Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(2021TD-56)the Program for Innovative Talents and Teams in Jiangsu(Grant No.JSSCTD202138).
文摘Mediated by the interactions with quantum vacuum fields,a probe laser field propagating in a nonlinear optical medium can generate new pair of light fields over a broad spectral range via spontaneous parametric process.Such process is inherently independent of the incident direction of light and reciprocal thus far,due to the directionindependent field-vacuum interactions.In this work,we experimentally demonstrate within sodium atomic vapors that such spontaneous parametric process can be nonreciprocal by unidirectionally coupling it to another pumped four-wave mixing process.Thanks to the broad bandwidth of the spontaneous parametric process,in combination with the Doppler and power-induced broadening of atomic energy levels,we achieve optical isolation with isolation ratio>25 dB over a bandwidth larger than 100 GHz.Considering that both spontaneous parametric processes and the pumped four-wave mixing have been realized in diverse solid photonic platforms,the demonstrated concept can motivate further explorations in the design of integrated magnetic-free broadband optical nonreciprocity via the interactions between nonlinear optical processes.
