OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the quality of Moyao(Myrrh)in the identification of the geographical origin and processing of the products.METHODS:Raw Moyao(Myrrh)and two kinds of Moyao(Myrrh)processed with vinegar from three c...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the quality of Moyao(Myrrh)in the identification of the geographical origin and processing of the products.METHODS:Raw Moyao(Myrrh)and two kinds of Moyao(Myrrh)processed with vinegar from three countries were identified using near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques.Principal component analysis(PCA)was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data and visualize the clustering of samples from different categories.A classical chemometric algorithm(PLS-DA)and two machine learning algorithms[K-nearest neighbor(KNN)and support vector machine]were used to conduct a classification analysis of the near-infrared spectra of the Moyao(Myrrh)samples,and their discriminative performance was evaluated.RESULTS:Based on the accuracy,precision,recall rate,and F1 value in each model,the results showed that the classical chemometric algorithm and the machine learning algorithm obtained positive results.In all of the chemometric analyses,the NIR spectrum of Moyao(Myrrh)preprocessed by standard normal variation or Multivariate scattering correction combined with KNN achieved the highest accuracy in identifying the geographical origins,and the accuracy of identifying the processing technology established by the KNN method after first-order derivative pretreatment was the best.The best accuracy of geographical origin discrimination and processing technology discrimination were 0.9853 and 0.9706 respectively.CONCLUSIONS:NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric technology can be an important tool for tracking the origin and processing technology of Moyao(Myrrh)and can also provide a reference for evaluations of its quality and the clinical use.展开更多
In order to promote the quality of brick tea and reduce its fluoride content, the fluoride contents in leaves of 25 tea varieties at the .stage of one bud and five leaves were determined by the method of fluodde-ion s...In order to promote the quality of brick tea and reduce its fluoride content, the fluoride contents in leaves of 25 tea varieties at the .stage of one bud and five leaves were determined by the method of fluodde-ion selective electrode method. The results showed that the fluodde contents in the 25 varieties were in the range of 181.92-345.06 mg/kg, end the fluoride content in ＇Zhongcha 302＇ was the lowest. Based on traditional production process of brick tea, 3 new low-fluoride brick tea production processes with ＇Zhongcha 302＇ as the raw material at the stage of one bud and five leaves were constructed. The fluoride content, physicochemical in- dex, sensory end main chemical contents in the brick tea samples were determined. The best processing process of Iow-fluodde brick tea was process 3, which included aldng, fixing, rolling, second fixing, second roiling, sun-drying, pile-fermentation, steaming, pile-fermentation, drying and shaping into brick by vapor treating. The re- sults showed that the fluoride content and physicochemical index of the brick tea sample of the third low-fluoride brick tea production process accorded with National Standard GB/T 9833.4-2013. The sensory evaluation of the brick tea sample was better than that of brick tea manufacture by the traditional process. The water extract, tea polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine and water-soluble sugar in the brick tea sample increased by 9.41%, 36.39%, 26.94%, 27.23% and 15.29%, respectively. Low-fluodds bdck tea could be produced by selecting low fluoride tea varieties, controlling the tondemess of fresh leaves, and optimizing the processing technique.展开更多
The present study was designed to optimize the processing of Fructus Arctii by response surface methodology （RSM）. Based on single factor studies, a three-variable, three-level Box-Behnken design （BBD） was used to...The present study was designed to optimize the processing of Fructus Arctii by response surface methodology （RSM）. Based on single factor studies, a three-variable, three-level Box-Behnken design （BBD） was used to monitor the effects of independent variables, including processing temperature and time, on the dependent variables. Response surfaces and contour plots of the contents of total lignans, chlorogenic acid, arctiin, and aretigenin were obtained through ultraviolet and visible （UV-Vis） monitoring and high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Fructus Arctii should be processed under heating in a pot at 311℃, medicine at 119℃ for 123s with flipping frequently. The experimental values under the optimized processing technology were consistent with the predicted values. In conclusion, RSM is an effective method to optimize the processing of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）.展开更多
Sesame seeds are promulgated as traditional high-quality edible oil crops,rich in lipid(40–65%),protein(19–35%),and bioactive compounds.The review starts with bioactive components(fatty acid,tocopherol,phytosterol,s...Sesame seeds are promulgated as traditional high-quality edible oil crops,rich in lipid(40–65%),protein(19–35%),and bioactive compounds.The review starts with bioactive components(fatty acid,tocopherol,phytosterol,sesamin,sesamolin,and sesamol)of sesame seeds.It considers processing techniques for extracting oil(aqueous extraction and pressing)from seeds.Novel technologies,such as enzyme-assisted aqueous,supercritical CO_(2),and microwave-assisted solvent extraction,are also discussed.The methods of utilization of sesame seed cake are also analyzed.In the future,the processing technology of sesame seed will be further developed in the direction of improving comprehensive utilization rate to meet new consumption demand.展开更多
Background:The herbs should be processed by different methods before use,and the efficacy and toxicity of Chinese herbal medicines may change,which may enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity after processing.Gansui(Kans...Background:The herbs should be processed by different methods before use,and the efficacy and toxicity of Chinese herbal medicines may change,which may enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity after processing.Gansui(Kansui radix)is a common clinical herbal medicine,and there are considerable changes in its toxicity and efficacy after processing.Gaocao(Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizome)has a detoxifying effect.Methods:Using the contents of euphorbiadienol and the alcohol-soluble extract of Glycyrrhizae radix-processed Kansui radix as evaluation indexes,response surface methodology was used to optimize the processing technology of Kansui radix by exploring the effects of Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma-addition amount,frying temperature,and frying time on the processing technology of Kansui radix.Meanwhile,response surface software was used to analyze experimental data to determine the processing parameters of Kansui radix by Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma.Integrative Pharmacology-based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine is used to analysis the potential ingredients of Kansui radix and verify the potential ingredients by western blotting.Results:The technology of Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma-processed Kansui radix was optimized for the Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma-addition amount of 27%,frying temperature of 180℃,and frying time of 11 min.The network pharmacology analysis revealed that Kansui radix could cause kidney,liver,and heart injury by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Kansui radix at high or low dose could decrease the ratio of p-AKT/AKT while Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma-processed Kansui could increase it.Conclusion:The model established by response surface methodology is relatively accurate and can predict the contents of euphorbiadienol and alcohol extract of processed Kansui radix.The toxic effects and its mechanism of action of Kansui radix and processed Kansui radix on kidney,liver,and heart,from the perspective of systems biology,have provided scientific evidence to its clinical application.展开更多
Development and application of new ceramic die materials is one of the important topics in the field of die research. The composition, processing technology, mechanical property and engineering performance of the cera...Development and application of new ceramic die materials is one of the important topics in the field of die research. The composition, processing technology, mechanical property and engineering performance of the ceramic materials such as cermet, ZTA, TZP, TZP/Al2O3, TZP/TiC/Al2O3, PSZ and Sialon, etc., with rare earth yttrium, lanthanum and cerium, and so on working as additives, were investigated and analyzed in the present study. Problems existed in the research and application of rare earth ceramic die materials were discussed. Rare earth additives can effectively improve the mechanical property and engineering performance of ceramic die materials. Thus, it will have further perspectives of wider application. More attention should be paid in the future to the toughening and strengthening of the ceramic die materials, the adding forms and kinds of rare earth elements and acting mechanisms of rare earth additives in ceramic die materials.展开更多
[Objectives]To optimize the processing technology for roasted licorice with water.[Methods]Through the orthogonal experimental design,taking the water added,moistening time,frying temperature and frying time as the fa...[Objectives]To optimize the processing technology for roasted licorice with water.[Methods]Through the orthogonal experimental design,taking the water added,moistening time,frying temperature and frying time as the factors,and the content of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhizic acid as the evaluation index,the processing technology for roasted licorice with water was optimized.[Results]The best processing technology of licorice was as follows:Pure licorice slices were mixed with water and moistened for 3 h,and then fried at 160℃for 6 min.20 kg of water was added to every 100 kg of licorice.[Conclusions]The best processing technology for roasted licorice with water was established,laying a foundation for the research and application of roasted licorice with water and its preparation.展开更多
[Objectives] The aim was to explore the best parameters for processing Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix by bean curd. [Methods] Orthogonal test( L_(16)(4~3)) was designed to investigate the optimal soaking time,decocting tim...[Objectives] The aim was to explore the best parameters for processing Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix by bean curd. [Methods] Orthogonal test( L_(16)(4~3)) was designed to investigate the optimal soaking time,decocting time and bean curd proportion for processing Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix by bean curd. The contents of monoester alkaloids and diester-alkaloids were measured as the evaluation indexes. [Results]The contents of monoester alkaloids were 0. 11%,0. 07%,0. 062% and 0. 048% respectively under the four levels of soaking time,were0. 081%,0. 066%,0. 074% and 0. 067% respectively under the four levels of decocting time,and were 0. 070%,0. 072%,0. 080% and0. 073% respectively under the four levels of bean curd proportion. The content of diester-alkaloids was all below 0. 034%. The influence intensity of the three factors on the content of monoester alkaloids ranked as soaking time > decocting time > bean curd proportion. Under any of the above conditions,the content of diester-alkaloids was below the limit of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The content of diester-alkaloids was reduced obviously with the increased use of bean curd. [Conclusions] The optimum processing conditions for Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix were A_3B_3C_2,i. e.,soaking time of 6 d,decocting time of 5 h and bean curd proportion of 25%.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the correlation of processing technology,physical parameters and chemical components during plain stir-baking of Trichosanthis Radix.[Methods]Based on mixture uniform experiment design,the Trich...[Objectives]To explore the correlation of processing technology,physical parameters and chemical components during plain stir-baking of Trichosanthis Radix.[Methods]Based on mixture uniform experiment design,the Trichosanthis Radix was prepared by plain stir-bake method.Delphi method was used to evaluate and select the highest-scoring processed product for measuring physical parameters.UV spectrophotometry was used to determine the contents of starch and polysaccharide.The correlation and linear regression model of processing technology,physical parameters and chemical components were established with the aid of SPSS 26.0[Results]After processing by plain stir-bake method,the relative density and chromaticity showed a decreasing trend in the processed products of Trichosanthis Radix,the oxidation value,hydroscopic rate and swelling decreased firstly and then increased,and pH increased firstly and then decreased.The content of total starch decreased,the content of polysaccharide increased,and there was a negative correlation between them.There was a significant positive correlation between temperature and oxidation value,swelling and hydroscopic rate,hydroscopic rate and polysaccharide,and there was a significant negative correlation between relative density and hydroscopic rate or polysaccharide,total starch and hydroscopic rate or swelling.The linear relation model between processing technology and physical parameters and chemical components was r2>0.9.[Conclusions]After processing by plain stir-bake method,the physical parameters of Trichosanthis Radix changed,and there may be mutual conversion between total starch and polysaccharides.To a certain extent,physical parameters can be used to evaluate the quality of processed products of Trichosanthis Radix.This study is expected to provide a reference for research on quality evaluation of processed products of traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
A dvanced Metallic Materials Research and Processing Technology Center was found in December 1998. As a unit under The College of Mechanical Engineering, the Center is an expansion of the former Cast and Composite Mat...A dvanced Metallic Materials Research and Processing Technology Center was found in December 1998. As a unit under The College of Mechanical Engineering, the Center is an expansion of the former Cast and Composite Materials Research Group, which was found in the early eighties of last century. The Center is focusing in the basic and applied research, and development of advanced metallic materials and their processing technology. It also functions as an organization展开更多
The meteorological big data in Beijing area are typical multi-dimensional big data containing spatiotemporal characteristics,which have important research value for researches related to urban human settlement environ...The meteorological big data in Beijing area are typical multi-dimensional big data containing spatiotemporal characteristics,which have important research value for researches related to urban human settlement environment.With the help of computer programming and software processing,big data crawling,integration,extraction and multi-dimensional information fusion can be realized quickly and effectively,so as to obtain the data set needed for research and realize the target of visualization.Through big data analysis of wind environment,thermal environment and total atmospheric suspended particulate pollutants in Beijing area,it was found that the average wind speed in Beijing area decreased signifi cantly in recent 40 years,while the surface temperature increased signifi cantly;urban heat island effect was signifi cant,and the phenomenon of atmospheric suspended particulate pollution was relatively common.The spatial distribution of the three climatic and environmental data was not balanced and had signifi cant regularity and correlation.Improving urban ventilation corridors and improving urban ventilation capacity is a feasible way to improve urban heat island effect and reduce urban climate issues such as atmospheric particulate pollution.展开更多
Tsinghua-TOYO Research and Development Center of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys Processing Technology was officially established between Tsinghua University and TOYO Machinery & Metal Co. on Feb. 26, 2002, which is...Tsinghua-TOYO Research and Development Center of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys Processing Technology was officially established between Tsinghua University and TOYO Machinery & Metal Co. on Feb. 26, 2002, which is a non-independent legal research organization located in Department of Mechanical Engineering of Tsinghua University. The center was equipped with one set of 650t automatic magnesium and aluminum alloys diecasting machine and necessary accessories including the melting furnaces for magnesium alloys and aluminum alloys, an accurate magnesium pump to transfer the magnesium alloys to the shot sleeve of the die casting machine, a die temperature controller, and data logging systems for cavity pressure and die temperature distributions, etc. The center is aimed to the research and development of magnesium and aluminum die casting process and their related technologies, and the main research contents include:展开更多
Hot Working Technology SHMP is a production center of heavy duty castings and forgings in east region of China. Since the establishment of the plant in 1950s, through several generations’ exploration, development and...Hot Working Technology SHMP is a production center of heavy duty castings and forgings in east region of China. Since the establishment of the plant in 1950s, through several generations’ exploration, development and innovation, SHMP now has been able to produce main castings and forgings for 300 MW展开更多
The prerequisite for doctors to diagnose and treat patients is to be able to accurately determine the patient's physical condition, which requires the help of some medical image data to help doctors to judge. At p...The prerequisite for doctors to diagnose and treat patients is to be able to accurately determine the patient's physical condition, which requires the help of some medical image data to help doctors to judge. At present, many hospitals in China are equipped with more advanced and complete imaging equipment. The normal operation of these equipment is closely related to computer image processing technology. This technology is a new technology based on computer technology and biomedical technology. Its key role is to provide convenient conditions for doctors to carry out treatment scientifically and efficiently, and improve the comprehensive service level of the hospital. This paper analyzes and studies the progress and application of computer image processing technology in medical imaging.展开更多
With the rapid development of China’s society and economy,the process of urbanization has been accelerated,and the transportation system has become more complicated,especially the frequent occurrence of traffic accid...With the rapid development of China’s society and economy,the process of urbanization has been accelerated,and the transportation system has become more complicated,especially the frequent occurrence of traffic accidents,traffic congestions,and environmental pollution.In the context of the rapid development of Internet technology,digital technology,artificial intelligence technology,etc.We apply them to traffic management as effective ways to improve China’s traffic operation management.Based on big data processing technology,this paper discusses its application strategy in intelligent transportation,in hope of serving as a reference.展开更多
Natural grassland is an important grazing place for farmers. The traditional mode of animal husbandry will lead to overgrazing. The ecological environment of grassland will not only be seriously damaged, but also grad...Natural grassland is an important grazing place for farmers. The traditional mode of animal husbandry will lead to overgrazing. The ecological environment of grassland will not only be seriously damaged, but also gradually deteriorate. With the passage of time, the quality of the original high-quality forage grass will drop significantly, which will also provide convenient conditions for the growth of other harmful weeds. Therefore, in the process of development, the traditional mode will be changed, and the structure of animal husbandry and breeding industry will be adjusted. Artificial grass planting will actively carry out the processing of scientifically modulated grass, so that better silk products can be produced, and the growth and development needs of animals can be met. Taking Yulin city in Shaanxi province as an example, this paper discussed and analyzed the technology of forage cultivation and forage processing.展开更多
With the rapid growth of the global population and the increasing demand for healthier diets,improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of staple food crops has become a critical scientific and industrial chal-leng...With the rapid growth of the global population and the increasing demand for healthier diets,improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of staple food crops has become a critical scientific and industrial chal-lenge,prompting innovation in food processing technologies.This review introduces first the common nutritional challenges in the processing of staple food crops,followed by the comprehensive examination of research aiming to enhance the nutritional quality of staple food crop-based foods through innovative processing technologies,including microwave(MW),pulsed electric field(PEF),ultrasound,modern fer-mentation technology,and enzyme technology.Additionally,soybean processing is used as an example to underscore the importance of integrating innovative processing technologies for optimizing nutrient utilization in staple food crops.Although these innovative processing technologies have demonstrated a significant potential to improve nutrient utilization efficiency and enhance the overall nutritional pro-file of staple food crop-based food products,their current limitations must be acknowledged and addressed in future research.Fortunately,advancements in science and technology will facilitate pro-gress in food processing,enabling both the improvement of existing techniques as well as the develop-ment of entirely novel methodologies.This work aims to enhance the understanding of food practitioners on the way processing technologies may optimize nutrient utilization,thereby fostering innovation in food processing research and synergistic multi-technological strategies,ultimately providing valuable references to address global food security challenges.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM)technology enables the creation of a wide variety of assemblies and complex shapes from three-dimensional model data in a bottom-up,layer-by-layer manner.Therefore,AM has revolutionized the m...Additive manufacturing(AM)technology enables the creation of a wide variety of assemblies and complex shapes from three-dimensional model data in a bottom-up,layer-by-layer manner.Therefore,AM has revolutionized the modern manufacturing industry,attracting increasing interest from both academic and industrial fields.The Rapid Manufacturing Center(RMC)of the School of Materials Science and Engineering at the Huazhong Univer-sity of Science and Technology(HUST),one of the earliest and most powerful AM research teams in China,has been engaged in AM research since 1991.Aiming to address the“stuck neck”problems of specific high-strength products for AM,the RMC has conducted full-chain research in the aspects of special materials,processes,equip-ment,and applications for AM.Moreover,it has formed a multi-disciplinary research team over the past three decades.Relevant research achievements in the AM field include winning five national awards,more than ten first prizes,and more than ten second prizes at the provincial and ministerial levels.The RMC was complimented as“the world’s most influential organization in the laser AM field in 2018”by Virtual and Physical Prototyping(an international authoritative magazine of AM).Moreover,their industrialization achievements were evaluated as“having affected countries such as Singapore,South Korea,and the United States”by an international author-itative Wohlers Report on AM.In this study,we first summarize the representative research achievements of the RMC in the AM field.These include the preparation and processing technology of high-performance polymeric,metallic,and ceramic materials for AM;advanced processing technology and software/equipment for AM;and typical AM-fabricated products and their applications.Further,we discuss the latest research achievements in cutting-edge 4D printing in terms of feedstock selection,printing processes,induction strategies,and potential ap-plications.Finally,we provide insights into the future directions of AM technology development:(ⅰ)Evolving from three-dimensional printing to multi-dimensional printing,(ⅱ)transitioning from plane slicing to curved surface slicing to woven slicing,(ⅲ)enhancing efficient formation from dot-line-sheet-volume printing,(ⅳ)shifting from single material to multi-materials AM,(ⅴ)advancing from the multiscale direction of macroscopic-mesoscopic-microscopic structures,(ⅵ)integrating material preparation with forming integration,(ⅶ)expanding from small batch to large batch.展开更多
Glutinous rice(Oryza sativa var.glutinosa)stands out as one of the most popular rice varieties globally,amidst thousands of rice cultivars.Its increasing popularity is attributed to its rich nutritional compositions a...Glutinous rice(Oryza sativa var.glutinosa)stands out as one of the most popular rice varieties globally,amidst thousands of rice cultivars.Its increasing popularity is attributed to its rich nutritional compositions and health benefits.This review aims to summarize the nutritional compositions,volatile compounds,and health benefits of glutinous rice.Further,in-depth studies are necessary to explore the utilization of glutinous rice in enhancing processing technologies and developing new food products.Glutinous rice has been shown to possess numerous health benefits,including antioxidant activity,bioactive compounds,anti-cancer properties,anti-inflammatory effects,anti-diabetic potential,and cholesterol-lowering effects.Besides its nutritional compositions,the major volatile compounds identified in glutinous rice could serve as a functional food for human consumption.Emerging processing technologies related to glutinous rice are elaborated to improve the latest developments for incorporating them into various food products.展开更多
In this study,a unique rapid processing technology for microfluidic chips made of polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)was realized.The common laser engraving machine is used to etch the chip reaction unit and microchannel,and...In this study,a unique rapid processing technology for microfluidic chips made of polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)was realized.The common laser engraving machine is used to etch the chip reaction unit and microchannel,and the printing chip is what you see is what you get;the pressurized heat sealing technology is used to quickly complete the chip sealing and packaging;the metal electrodes and lines that need to be laid are embedded into the chip by hot melting;the contact points on the fixed base of the contact chip card are used to connect with the external equipment,so as to make the bearing sample react,detect and complex lines and chips.It is self-contained and isolated from the external equipment circuit.The chip becomes disposable and can be replaced quickly and conveniently.The chip processed by this technology has rapid,cheap and convenient improvement and innovation,which makes the production of microfluidic chip easier and more practical,and even makes the chip a disposable consumable with general interface,which will greatly promote the industrialization of microfluidic chip,and has market-oriented promotion value in the field of water quality and food detection.展开更多
基金Jiangxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Research Laboratory on the Fundamentals of Chinese Medicine Evidence(Gan TCM Science and Education Word[2022]No.8-4)Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Innovation Team Development Program:Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution-State Identification Health Management Research Team(No.CXTD22016)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the quality of Moyao(Myrrh)in the identification of the geographical origin and processing of the products.METHODS:Raw Moyao(Myrrh)and two kinds of Moyao(Myrrh)processed with vinegar from three countries were identified using near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques.Principal component analysis(PCA)was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data and visualize the clustering of samples from different categories.A classical chemometric algorithm(PLS-DA)and two machine learning algorithms[K-nearest neighbor(KNN)and support vector machine]were used to conduct a classification analysis of the near-infrared spectra of the Moyao(Myrrh)samples,and their discriminative performance was evaluated.RESULTS:Based on the accuracy,precision,recall rate,and F1 value in each model,the results showed that the classical chemometric algorithm and the machine learning algorithm obtained positive results.In all of the chemometric analyses,the NIR spectrum of Moyao(Myrrh)preprocessed by standard normal variation or Multivariate scattering correction combined with KNN achieved the highest accuracy in identifying the geographical origins,and the accuracy of identifying the processing technology established by the KNN method after first-order derivative pretreatment was the best.The best accuracy of geographical origin discrimination and processing technology discrimination were 0.9853 and 0.9706 respectively.CONCLUSIONS:NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric technology can be an important tool for tracking the origin and processing technology of Moyao(Myrrh)and can also provide a reference for evaluations of its quality and the clinical use.
文摘In order to promote the quality of brick tea and reduce its fluoride content, the fluoride contents in leaves of 25 tea varieties at the .stage of one bud and five leaves were determined by the method of fluodde-ion selective electrode method. The results showed that the fluodde contents in the 25 varieties were in the range of 181.92-345.06 mg/kg, end the fluoride content in ＇Zhongcha 302＇ was the lowest. Based on traditional production process of brick tea, 3 new low-fluoride brick tea production processes with ＇Zhongcha 302＇ as the raw material at the stage of one bud and five leaves were constructed. The fluoride content, physicochemical in- dex, sensory end main chemical contents in the brick tea samples were determined. The best processing process of Iow-fluodde brick tea was process 3, which included aldng, fixing, rolling, second fixing, second roiling, sun-drying, pile-fermentation, steaming, pile-fermentation, drying and shaping into brick by vapor treating. The re- sults showed that the fluoride content and physicochemical index of the brick tea sample of the third low-fluoride brick tea production process accorded with National Standard GB/T 9833.4-2013. The sensory evaluation of the brick tea sample was better than that of brick tea manufacture by the traditional process. The water extract, tea polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine and water-soluble sugar in the brick tea sample increased by 9.41%, 36.39%, 26.94%, 27.23% and 15.29%, respectively. Low-fluodds bdck tea could be produced by selecting low fluoride tea varieties, controlling the tondemess of fresh leaves, and optimizing the processing technique.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2011135)Found Project for Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements of Jiangsu Province(No.BZ2011053)+1 种基金Open Project of National First Class Key Discipline for Science of Chinese Materia Medica,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine(No.2011ZYX2-013)Scientific Innovation Research of University Graduate of Jiangsu Province(CXZZ130626)
文摘The present study was designed to optimize the processing of Fructus Arctii by response surface methodology （RSM）. Based on single factor studies, a three-variable, three-level Box-Behnken design （BBD） was used to monitor the effects of independent variables, including processing temperature and time, on the dependent variables. Response surfaces and contour plots of the contents of total lignans, chlorogenic acid, arctiin, and aretigenin were obtained through ultraviolet and visible （UV-Vis） monitoring and high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Fructus Arctii should be processed under heating in a pot at 311℃, medicine at 119℃ for 123s with flipping frequently. The experimental values under the optimized processing technology were consistent with the predicted values. In conclusion, RSM is an effective method to optimize the processing of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）.
基金The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-OCRI)Wuhan Scientific and Technical Payoffs Transformation Project(2019030703011505)Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-14).
文摘Sesame seeds are promulgated as traditional high-quality edible oil crops,rich in lipid(40–65%),protein(19–35%),and bioactive compounds.The review starts with bioactive components(fatty acid,tocopherol,phytosterol,sesamin,sesamolin,and sesamol)of sesame seeds.It considers processing techniques for extracting oil(aqueous extraction and pressing)from seeds.Novel technologies,such as enzyme-assisted aqueous,supercritical CO_(2),and microwave-assisted solvent extraction,are also discussed.The methods of utilization of sesame seed cake are also analyzed.In the future,the processing technology of sesame seed will be further developed in the direction of improving comprehensive utilization rate to meet new consumption demand.
基金funded by the grants from Applied Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province(201901D111342).
文摘Background:The herbs should be processed by different methods before use,and the efficacy and toxicity of Chinese herbal medicines may change,which may enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity after processing.Gansui(Kansui radix)is a common clinical herbal medicine,and there are considerable changes in its toxicity and efficacy after processing.Gaocao(Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizome)has a detoxifying effect.Methods:Using the contents of euphorbiadienol and the alcohol-soluble extract of Glycyrrhizae radix-processed Kansui radix as evaluation indexes,response surface methodology was used to optimize the processing technology of Kansui radix by exploring the effects of Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma-addition amount,frying temperature,and frying time on the processing technology of Kansui radix.Meanwhile,response surface software was used to analyze experimental data to determine the processing parameters of Kansui radix by Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma.Integrative Pharmacology-based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine is used to analysis the potential ingredients of Kansui radix and verify the potential ingredients by western blotting.Results:The technology of Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma-processed Kansui radix was optimized for the Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma-addition amount of 27%,frying temperature of 180℃,and frying time of 11 min.The network pharmacology analysis revealed that Kansui radix could cause kidney,liver,and heart injury by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Kansui radix at high or low dose could decrease the ratio of p-AKT/AKT while Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma-processed Kansui could increase it.Conclusion:The model established by response surface methodology is relatively accurate and can predict the contents of euphorbiadienol and alcohol extract of processed Kansui radix.The toxic effects and its mechanism of action of Kansui radix and processed Kansui radix on kidney,liver,and heart,from the perspective of systems biology,have provided scientific evidence to its clinical application.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (50405047)Natural Science foundation of Shandong Province (Y2005F04)Jinan Young Star Plan of Science and Technology (08108)
文摘Development and application of new ceramic die materials is one of the important topics in the field of die research. The composition, processing technology, mechanical property and engineering performance of the ceramic materials such as cermet, ZTA, TZP, TZP/Al2O3, TZP/TiC/Al2O3, PSZ and Sialon, etc., with rare earth yttrium, lanthanum and cerium, and so on working as additives, were investigated and analyzed in the present study. Problems existed in the research and application of rare earth ceramic die materials were discussed. Rare earth additives can effectively improve the mechanical property and engineering performance of ceramic die materials. Thus, it will have further perspectives of wider application. More attention should be paid in the future to the toughening and strengthening of the ceramic die materials, the adding forms and kinds of rare earth elements and acting mechanisms of rare earth additives in ceramic die materials.
文摘[Objectives]To optimize the processing technology for roasted licorice with water.[Methods]Through the orthogonal experimental design,taking the water added,moistening time,frying temperature and frying time as the factors,and the content of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhizic acid as the evaluation index,the processing technology for roasted licorice with water was optimized.[Results]The best processing technology of licorice was as follows:Pure licorice slices were mixed with water and moistened for 3 h,and then fried at 160℃for 6 min.20 kg of water was added to every 100 kg of licorice.[Conclusions]The best processing technology for roasted licorice with water was established,laying a foundation for the research and application of roasted licorice with water and its preparation.
文摘[Objectives] The aim was to explore the best parameters for processing Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix by bean curd. [Methods] Orthogonal test( L_(16)(4~3)) was designed to investigate the optimal soaking time,decocting time and bean curd proportion for processing Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix by bean curd. The contents of monoester alkaloids and diester-alkaloids were measured as the evaluation indexes. [Results]The contents of monoester alkaloids were 0. 11%,0. 07%,0. 062% and 0. 048% respectively under the four levels of soaking time,were0. 081%,0. 066%,0. 074% and 0. 067% respectively under the four levels of decocting time,and were 0. 070%,0. 072%,0. 080% and0. 073% respectively under the four levels of bean curd proportion. The content of diester-alkaloids was all below 0. 034%. The influence intensity of the three factors on the content of monoester alkaloids ranked as soaking time > decocting time > bean curd proportion. Under any of the above conditions,the content of diester-alkaloids was below the limit of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The content of diester-alkaloids was reduced obviously with the increased use of bean curd. [Conclusions] The optimum processing conditions for Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix were A_3B_3C_2,i. e.,soaking time of 6 d,decocting time of 5 h and bean curd proportion of 25%.
基金Science and Technology Research and Development Project of Chengde City,Hebei Province(201706A043)Young Scholar Program of Hebei Pharmaceutical Association Hospital Pharmaceutical Research Project(2020—Hbsyxhqn0029)Public Health Service Subsidy Fund Project of Chinese Medicine Department,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Guo Zhong Yi Gui Cai Fa[2015]No.21).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the correlation of processing technology,physical parameters and chemical components during plain stir-baking of Trichosanthis Radix.[Methods]Based on mixture uniform experiment design,the Trichosanthis Radix was prepared by plain stir-bake method.Delphi method was used to evaluate and select the highest-scoring processed product for measuring physical parameters.UV spectrophotometry was used to determine the contents of starch and polysaccharide.The correlation and linear regression model of processing technology,physical parameters and chemical components were established with the aid of SPSS 26.0[Results]After processing by plain stir-bake method,the relative density and chromaticity showed a decreasing trend in the processed products of Trichosanthis Radix,the oxidation value,hydroscopic rate and swelling decreased firstly and then increased,and pH increased firstly and then decreased.The content of total starch decreased,the content of polysaccharide increased,and there was a negative correlation between them.There was a significant positive correlation between temperature and oxidation value,swelling and hydroscopic rate,hydroscopic rate and polysaccharide,and there was a significant negative correlation between relative density and hydroscopic rate or polysaccharide,total starch and hydroscopic rate or swelling.The linear relation model between processing technology and physical parameters and chemical components was r2>0.9.[Conclusions]After processing by plain stir-bake method,the physical parameters of Trichosanthis Radix changed,and there may be mutual conversion between total starch and polysaccharides.To a certain extent,physical parameters can be used to evaluate the quality of processed products of Trichosanthis Radix.This study is expected to provide a reference for research on quality evaluation of processed products of traditional Chinese medicine.
文摘A dvanced Metallic Materials Research and Processing Technology Center was found in December 1998. As a unit under The College of Mechanical Engineering, the Center is an expansion of the former Cast and Composite Materials Research Group, which was found in the early eighties of last century. The Center is focusing in the basic and applied research, and development of advanced metallic materials and their processing technology. It also functions as an organization
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51708004)YuYou Talent Training Program of North University of Technology(215051360020XN160/009)+1 种基金General Program of Beijing Natural Science Foundation(8202017)2018 Beijing Municipal University Academic Human Resources Development:Youth Talent Support Program(PXM2018-014212-000043).
文摘The meteorological big data in Beijing area are typical multi-dimensional big data containing spatiotemporal characteristics,which have important research value for researches related to urban human settlement environment.With the help of computer programming and software processing,big data crawling,integration,extraction and multi-dimensional information fusion can be realized quickly and effectively,so as to obtain the data set needed for research and realize the target of visualization.Through big data analysis of wind environment,thermal environment and total atmospheric suspended particulate pollutants in Beijing area,it was found that the average wind speed in Beijing area decreased signifi cantly in recent 40 years,while the surface temperature increased signifi cantly;urban heat island effect was signifi cant,and the phenomenon of atmospheric suspended particulate pollution was relatively common.The spatial distribution of the three climatic and environmental data was not balanced and had signifi cant regularity and correlation.Improving urban ventilation corridors and improving urban ventilation capacity is a feasible way to improve urban heat island effect and reduce urban climate issues such as atmospheric particulate pollution.
文摘Tsinghua-TOYO Research and Development Center of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys Processing Technology was officially established between Tsinghua University and TOYO Machinery & Metal Co. on Feb. 26, 2002, which is a non-independent legal research organization located in Department of Mechanical Engineering of Tsinghua University. The center was equipped with one set of 650t automatic magnesium and aluminum alloys diecasting machine and necessary accessories including the melting furnaces for magnesium alloys and aluminum alloys, an accurate magnesium pump to transfer the magnesium alloys to the shot sleeve of the die casting machine, a die temperature controller, and data logging systems for cavity pressure and die temperature distributions, etc. The center is aimed to the research and development of magnesium and aluminum die casting process and their related technologies, and the main research contents include:
文摘Hot Working Technology SHMP is a production center of heavy duty castings and forgings in east region of China. Since the establishment of the plant in 1950s, through several generations’ exploration, development and innovation, SHMP now has been able to produce main castings and forgings for 300 MW
文摘The prerequisite for doctors to diagnose and treat patients is to be able to accurately determine the patient's physical condition, which requires the help of some medical image data to help doctors to judge. At present, many hospitals in China are equipped with more advanced and complete imaging equipment. The normal operation of these equipment is closely related to computer image processing technology. This technology is a new technology based on computer technology and biomedical technology. Its key role is to provide convenient conditions for doctors to carry out treatment scientifically and efficiently, and improve the comprehensive service level of the hospital. This paper analyzes and studies the progress and application of computer image processing technology in medical imaging.
文摘With the rapid development of China’s society and economy,the process of urbanization has been accelerated,and the transportation system has become more complicated,especially the frequent occurrence of traffic accidents,traffic congestions,and environmental pollution.In the context of the rapid development of Internet technology,digital technology,artificial intelligence technology,etc.We apply them to traffic management as effective ways to improve China’s traffic operation management.Based on big data processing technology,this paper discusses its application strategy in intelligent transportation,in hope of serving as a reference.
文摘Natural grassland is an important grazing place for farmers. The traditional mode of animal husbandry will lead to overgrazing. The ecological environment of grassland will not only be seriously damaged, but also gradually deteriorate. With the passage of time, the quality of the original high-quality forage grass will drop significantly, which will also provide convenient conditions for the growth of other harmful weeds. Therefore, in the process of development, the traditional mode will be changed, and the structure of animal husbandry and breeding industry will be adjusted. Artificial grass planting will actively carry out the processing of scientifically modulated grass, so that better silk products can be produced, and the growth and development needs of animals can be met. Taking Yulin city in Shaanxi province as an example, this paper discussed and analyzed the technology of forage cultivation and forage processing.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2100205)the Fujian Province Science and Technology Plan Project,China(2023N3008).
文摘With the rapid growth of the global population and the increasing demand for healthier diets,improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of staple food crops has become a critical scientific and industrial chal-lenge,prompting innovation in food processing technologies.This review introduces first the common nutritional challenges in the processing of staple food crops,followed by the comprehensive examination of research aiming to enhance the nutritional quality of staple food crop-based foods through innovative processing technologies,including microwave(MW),pulsed electric field(PEF),ultrasound,modern fer-mentation technology,and enzyme technology.Additionally,soybean processing is used as an example to underscore the importance of integrating innovative processing technologies for optimizing nutrient utilization in staple food crops.Although these innovative processing technologies have demonstrated a significant potential to improve nutrient utilization efficiency and enhance the overall nutritional pro-file of staple food crop-based food products,their current limitations must be acknowledged and addressed in future research.Fortunately,advancements in science and technology will facilitate pro-gress in food processing,enabling both the improvement of existing techniques as well as the develop-ment of entirely novel methodologies.This work aims to enhance the understanding of food practitioners on the way processing technologies may optimize nutrient utilization,thereby fostering innovation in food processing research and synergistic multi-technological strategies,ultimately providing valuable references to address global food security challenges.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52235008,U2037203,and U2341270)Key Research and Development Plan of Hubei Province(2022BAA030).
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM)technology enables the creation of a wide variety of assemblies and complex shapes from three-dimensional model data in a bottom-up,layer-by-layer manner.Therefore,AM has revolutionized the modern manufacturing industry,attracting increasing interest from both academic and industrial fields.The Rapid Manufacturing Center(RMC)of the School of Materials Science and Engineering at the Huazhong Univer-sity of Science and Technology(HUST),one of the earliest and most powerful AM research teams in China,has been engaged in AM research since 1991.Aiming to address the“stuck neck”problems of specific high-strength products for AM,the RMC has conducted full-chain research in the aspects of special materials,processes,equip-ment,and applications for AM.Moreover,it has formed a multi-disciplinary research team over the past three decades.Relevant research achievements in the AM field include winning five national awards,more than ten first prizes,and more than ten second prizes at the provincial and ministerial levels.The RMC was complimented as“the world’s most influential organization in the laser AM field in 2018”by Virtual and Physical Prototyping(an international authoritative magazine of AM).Moreover,their industrialization achievements were evaluated as“having affected countries such as Singapore,South Korea,and the United States”by an international author-itative Wohlers Report on AM.In this study,we first summarize the representative research achievements of the RMC in the AM field.These include the preparation and processing technology of high-performance polymeric,metallic,and ceramic materials for AM;advanced processing technology and software/equipment for AM;and typical AM-fabricated products and their applications.Further,we discuss the latest research achievements in cutting-edge 4D printing in terms of feedstock selection,printing processes,induction strategies,and potential ap-plications.Finally,we provide insights into the future directions of AM technology development:(ⅰ)Evolving from three-dimensional printing to multi-dimensional printing,(ⅱ)transitioning from plane slicing to curved surface slicing to woven slicing,(ⅲ)enhancing efficient formation from dot-line-sheet-volume printing,(ⅳ)shifting from single material to multi-materials AM,(ⅴ)advancing from the multiscale direction of macroscopic-mesoscopic-microscopic structures,(ⅵ)integrating material preparation with forming integration,(ⅶ)expanding from small batch to large batch.
基金the Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia for financial support via the Transdisciplinary Research Grant Scheme Project(Grant No.TRGS/1/2020/UPM/02/7)。
文摘Glutinous rice(Oryza sativa var.glutinosa)stands out as one of the most popular rice varieties globally,amidst thousands of rice cultivars.Its increasing popularity is attributed to its rich nutritional compositions and health benefits.This review aims to summarize the nutritional compositions,volatile compounds,and health benefits of glutinous rice.Further,in-depth studies are necessary to explore the utilization of glutinous rice in enhancing processing technologies and developing new food products.Glutinous rice has been shown to possess numerous health benefits,including antioxidant activity,bioactive compounds,anti-cancer properties,anti-inflammatory effects,anti-diabetic potential,and cholesterol-lowering effects.Besides its nutritional compositions,the major volatile compounds identified in glutinous rice could serve as a functional food for human consumption.Emerging processing technologies related to glutinous rice are elaborated to improve the latest developments for incorporating them into various food products.
文摘In this study,a unique rapid processing technology for microfluidic chips made of polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)was realized.The common laser engraving machine is used to etch the chip reaction unit and microchannel,and the printing chip is what you see is what you get;the pressurized heat sealing technology is used to quickly complete the chip sealing and packaging;the metal electrodes and lines that need to be laid are embedded into the chip by hot melting;the contact points on the fixed base of the contact chip card are used to connect with the external equipment,so as to make the bearing sample react,detect and complex lines and chips.It is self-contained and isolated from the external equipment circuit.The chip becomes disposable and can be replaced quickly and conveniently.The chip processed by this technology has rapid,cheap and convenient improvement and innovation,which makes the production of microfluidic chip easier and more practical,and even makes the chip a disposable consumable with general interface,which will greatly promote the industrialization of microfluidic chip,and has market-oriented promotion value in the field of water quality and food detection.
