为解决自然语言数据处理模型进行数据处理时存在效果差、资源消耗大等问题,提出一种基于多尺度特征提取和注意力机制的融合算法。通过不同尺度的特征数据提取,并在特征图上应用加权算法,从而增强对某些特定尺度特征的关注,并基于该融合...为解决自然语言数据处理模型进行数据处理时存在效果差、资源消耗大等问题,提出一种基于多尺度特征提取和注意力机制的融合算法。通过不同尺度的特征数据提取,并在特征图上应用加权算法,从而增强对某些特定尺度特征的关注,并基于该融合算法对自然语言数据处理模型进行优化。仿真实验的结果表明:该融合算法特征提取效果较好,显著提升了计算机进行数据处理的各项能力。将优化后的自然语言处理(natural language processing,NLP)数据处理模型与CSAMT数据处理模型、BETG数据处理模型和优化前的NLP数据处理模型的性能进行对比可知:经过CBAM-MS-CNN优化的NLP数据处理模型的各项性能均优于其他模型。研究结果表明:该融合算法可以满足电子化移交流程中非结构化数据管理领域中的高可靠性、智能处理等业务需求,能提升数据处理效率和数据质量,减少人工录入数据和人工复核数据的工作量。展开更多
The increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters,exacerbated by global warming,necessitate novel solutions to strengthen the resilience of Critical Infrastructure Systems(CISs).Recent research reveals the si...The increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters,exacerbated by global warming,necessitate novel solutions to strengthen the resilience of Critical Infrastructure Systems(CISs).Recent research reveals the sig-nificant potential of natural language processing(NLP)to analyze unstructured human language during disasters,thereby facilitating the uncovering of disruptions and providing situational awareness supporting various aspects of resilience regarding CISs.Despite this potential,few studies have systematically mapped the global research on NLP applications with respect to supporting various aspects of resilience of CISs.This paper contributes to the body of knowledge by presenting a review of current knowledge using the scientometric review technique.Using 231 bibliographic records from the Scopus and Web of Science core collections,we identify five key research areas where researchers have used NLP to support the resilience of CISs during natural disasters,including sentiment analysis,crisis informatics,data and knowledge visualization,disaster impacts,and content analysis.Furthermore,we map the utility of NLP in the identified research focus with respect to four aspects of resilience(i.e.,preparedness,absorption,recovery,and adaptability)and present various common techniques used and potential future research directions.This review highlights that NLP has the potential to become a supplementary data source to support the resilience of CISs.The results of this study serve as an introductory-level guide designed to help scholars and practitioners unlock the potential of NLP for strengthening the resilience of CISs against natural disasters.展开更多
近年来,大语言模型(large language models,LLMs)在自然语言处理(natural language processing,NLP)等领域取得了显著进展,展现出强大的语言理解与生成能力。然而,在实际应用过程中,大语言模型仍然面临诸多挑战。其中,幻觉(hallucinati...近年来,大语言模型(large language models,LLMs)在自然语言处理(natural language processing,NLP)等领域取得了显著进展,展现出强大的语言理解与生成能力。然而,在实际应用过程中,大语言模型仍然面临诸多挑战。其中,幻觉(hallucination)问题引起了学术界和工业界的广泛关注。如何有效检测大语言模型幻觉,成为确保其在文本生成等下游任务可靠、安全、可信应用的关键挑战。该研究着重对大语言模型幻觉检测方法进行综述:首先,介绍了大语言模型概念,进一步明确了幻觉的定义与分类,系统梳理了大语言模型从构建到部署应用全生命周期各环节的特点,并深入分析了幻觉的产生机制与诱因;其次,立足于实际应用需求,考虑到在不同任务场景下模型透明度的差异等因素,将幻觉检测方法划分为针对白盒模型和黑盒模型2类,并进行了重点梳理和深入对比;而后,分析总结了现阶段主流的幻觉检测基准,为后续开展幻觉检测奠定基础;最后,指出了大语言模型幻觉检测的各种潜在研究方法和新的挑战。展开更多
Objective Natural language processing (NLP) was used to excavate and visualize the core content of syndrome element syndrome differentiation (SESD). Methods The first step was to build a text mining and analysis envir...Objective Natural language processing (NLP) was used to excavate and visualize the core content of syndrome element syndrome differentiation (SESD). Methods The first step was to build a text mining and analysis environment based on Python language, and built a corpus based on the core chapters of SESD. The second step was to digitalize the corpus. The main steps included word segmentation, information cleaning and merging, document-entry matrix, dictionary compilation and information conversion. The third step was to mine and display the internal information of SESD corpus by means of word cloud, keyword extraction and visualization. Results NLP played a positive role in computer recognition and comprehension of SESD. Different chapters had different keywords and weights. Deficiency syndrome elements were an important component of SESD, such as "Qi deficiency""Yang deficiency" and "Yin deficiency". The important syndrome elements of substantiality included "Blood stasis""Qi stagnation", etc. Core syndrome elements were closely related. Conclusions Syndrome differentiation and treatment was the core of SESD. Using NLP to excavate syndromes differentiation could help reveal the internal relationship between syndromes differentiation and provide basis for artificial intelligence to learn syndromes differentiation.展开更多
文摘为解决自然语言数据处理模型进行数据处理时存在效果差、资源消耗大等问题,提出一种基于多尺度特征提取和注意力机制的融合算法。通过不同尺度的特征数据提取,并在特征图上应用加权算法,从而增强对某些特定尺度特征的关注,并基于该融合算法对自然语言数据处理模型进行优化。仿真实验的结果表明:该融合算法特征提取效果较好,显著提升了计算机进行数据处理的各项能力。将优化后的自然语言处理(natural language processing,NLP)数据处理模型与CSAMT数据处理模型、BETG数据处理模型和优化前的NLP数据处理模型的性能进行对比可知:经过CBAM-MS-CNN优化的NLP数据处理模型的各项性能均优于其他模型。研究结果表明:该融合算法可以满足电子化移交流程中非结构化数据管理领域中的高可靠性、智能处理等业务需求,能提升数据处理效率和数据质量,减少人工录入数据和人工复核数据的工作量。
基金financial support from the National Science Foundation(NSF)EPSCoR R.I.I.Track-2 Program,awarded under the NSF grant number 2119691.
文摘The increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters,exacerbated by global warming,necessitate novel solutions to strengthen the resilience of Critical Infrastructure Systems(CISs).Recent research reveals the sig-nificant potential of natural language processing(NLP)to analyze unstructured human language during disasters,thereby facilitating the uncovering of disruptions and providing situational awareness supporting various aspects of resilience regarding CISs.Despite this potential,few studies have systematically mapped the global research on NLP applications with respect to supporting various aspects of resilience of CISs.This paper contributes to the body of knowledge by presenting a review of current knowledge using the scientometric review technique.Using 231 bibliographic records from the Scopus and Web of Science core collections,we identify five key research areas where researchers have used NLP to support the resilience of CISs during natural disasters,including sentiment analysis,crisis informatics,data and knowledge visualization,disaster impacts,and content analysis.Furthermore,we map the utility of NLP in the identified research focus with respect to four aspects of resilience(i.e.,preparedness,absorption,recovery,and adaptability)and present various common techniques used and potential future research directions.This review highlights that NLP has the potential to become a supplementary data source to support the resilience of CISs.The results of this study serve as an introductory-level guide designed to help scholars and practitioners unlock the potential of NLP for strengthening the resilience of CISs against natural disasters.
文摘近年来,大语言模型(large language models,LLMs)在自然语言处理(natural language processing,NLP)等领域取得了显著进展,展现出强大的语言理解与生成能力。然而,在实际应用过程中,大语言模型仍然面临诸多挑战。其中,幻觉(hallucination)问题引起了学术界和工业界的广泛关注。如何有效检测大语言模型幻觉,成为确保其在文本生成等下游任务可靠、安全、可信应用的关键挑战。该研究着重对大语言模型幻觉检测方法进行综述:首先,介绍了大语言模型概念,进一步明确了幻觉的定义与分类,系统梳理了大语言模型从构建到部署应用全生命周期各环节的特点,并深入分析了幻觉的产生机制与诱因;其次,立足于实际应用需求,考虑到在不同任务场景下模型透明度的差异等因素,将幻觉检测方法划分为针对白盒模型和黑盒模型2类,并进行了重点梳理和深入对比;而后,分析总结了现阶段主流的幻觉检测基准,为后续开展幻觉检测奠定基础;最后,指出了大语言模型幻觉检测的各种潜在研究方法和新的挑战。
基金the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81874429)Digital and Applied Research Platform for Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. 49021003005)+1 种基金2018 Hunan Provincial Postgraduate Research Innovation Project (No. CX2018B465)Excellent Youth Project of Hunan Education Department in 2018 (No. 18B241)
文摘Objective Natural language processing (NLP) was used to excavate and visualize the core content of syndrome element syndrome differentiation (SESD). Methods The first step was to build a text mining and analysis environment based on Python language, and built a corpus based on the core chapters of SESD. The second step was to digitalize the corpus. The main steps included word segmentation, information cleaning and merging, document-entry matrix, dictionary compilation and information conversion. The third step was to mine and display the internal information of SESD corpus by means of word cloud, keyword extraction and visualization. Results NLP played a positive role in computer recognition and comprehension of SESD. Different chapters had different keywords and weights. Deficiency syndrome elements were an important component of SESD, such as "Qi deficiency""Yang deficiency" and "Yin deficiency". The important syndrome elements of substantiality included "Blood stasis""Qi stagnation", etc. Core syndrome elements were closely related. Conclusions Syndrome differentiation and treatment was the core of SESD. Using NLP to excavate syndromes differentiation could help reveal the internal relationship between syndromes differentiation and provide basis for artificial intelligence to learn syndromes differentiation.
