We present a case of Holoprosencephaly (HPE) with cyclopia and proboscis that was delivered in Katutura Intermediate Hospital, Namibia. The mother was a 24-year-old, G2P1 with no known comorbid conditions and no histo...We present a case of Holoprosencephaly (HPE) with cyclopia and proboscis that was delivered in Katutura Intermediate Hospital, Namibia. The mother was a 24-year-old, G2P1 with no known comorbid conditions and no history of illicit or over-the-counter drug use. Her first pregnancy was uneventful and resulted in delivery of a normal baby. She had not attended antenatal clinic by the time of her presentation with the index pregnancy and the abnormality was picked up from the booking sonar. She went into spontaneous preterm labour and delivery before the planned date for admission for termination of pregnancy and physical examination of the baby confirmed the diagnosis of Holoprosencephaly with cyclopia. The pictures presented in this article were taken after obtaining parental consent.展开更多
The Mesozoic family Mesopsychidae Tillyard, 1917 presently consists of seven described genera and 13 species from the mid-Triassic to the Early Cretaceous of Australia, South Africa and Eurasia. In the present paper o...The Mesozoic family Mesopsychidae Tillyard, 1917 presently consists of seven described genera and 13 species from the mid-Triassic to the Early Cretaceous of Australia, South Africa and Eurasia. In the present paper one new genus and three new species of fossil mesopsychids are described that add significant distributional and stratigraphic extensions to the family. This finding documents the first formal record of fossil Mesopsychidae in China. Both Lichnomesopsyche gloriae gen. et sp. nov. and L. daohugouensis gen. et sp. nov. were found from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia, whereas Vitimopsyche kozlovi sp. nov., of mid Early Cretaceous age, was collected from the Jehol Biota of northern Hebei Province. This new, wellpreserved material from China reveals complete and previously unknown body features, including head, antennae, mouthparts, legs and abdomen. The delicate and long proboscides of these new taxa indicate that they were feeding on externally exposed, nutrient-rich fluids of gymnospermous ovulate fructifications, and incapable of piercing surface epidermis - attributable principally to the absence of stylets. These proboscides originated, perhaps multiply, among basal Mecoptera and are functionally and structurally convergent with equivalent mouthparts borne by fossil and extant Diptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera and Coleoptera.展开更多
Drosophila melanogaster feeds mainly on rotten fruits, which contain many kinds of sugar. Thus, the sense of sweet taste has evolved to serve as a dominant regulator and driver of feeding behavior. Although several su...Drosophila melanogaster feeds mainly on rotten fruits, which contain many kinds of sugar. Thus, the sense of sweet taste has evolved to serve as a dominant regulator and driver of feeding behavior. Although several sugar receptors have been described, it remains poorly understood how the sensory input is transformed into an appetitive behavior. Here, we used a neural silencing approach to screen brain circuits, and identified neurons labeled by three Gal4 lines that modulate Drosophila feeding behavior. These three Gal4 lines labeled neurons mainly in the suboesophageal ganglia （SOG）, which is considered to be the fly＇s pri- mary taste center. When we blocked the activity of these neurons, flies decreased their sugar consumption significantly. In contrast, activation of these neurons resulted in enhanced feeding behavior and increased food consumption not only towards sugar, but to an array of food sources. Moreover, upon neuronal activation, the flies demonstrated feeding behavior even in the absence of food, which suggests that neuronal activation can replace food as a stimulus for feeding behavior. These findings indicate that these Gal4-1abeled neurons, which function downstream of sensory neurons and regulate feeding behavior to- wards different food sources is necessary in Drosophila feeding control.展开更多
文摘We present a case of Holoprosencephaly (HPE) with cyclopia and proboscis that was delivered in Katutura Intermediate Hospital, Namibia. The mother was a 24-year-old, G2P1 with no known comorbid conditions and no history of illicit or over-the-counter drug use. Her first pregnancy was uneventful and resulted in delivery of a normal baby. She had not attended antenatal clinic by the time of her presentation with the index pregnancy and the abnormality was picked up from the booking sonar. She went into spontaneous preterm labour and delivery before the planned date for admission for termination of pregnancy and physical examination of the baby confirmed the diagnosis of Holoprosencephaly with cyclopia. The pictures presented in this article were taken after obtaining parental consent.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40872022)the Nature Science Foundation of Beijing(No.5082002)Scientific Research Key Program and PHR Project of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education
文摘The Mesozoic family Mesopsychidae Tillyard, 1917 presently consists of seven described genera and 13 species from the mid-Triassic to the Early Cretaceous of Australia, South Africa and Eurasia. In the present paper one new genus and three new species of fossil mesopsychids are described that add significant distributional and stratigraphic extensions to the family. This finding documents the first formal record of fossil Mesopsychidae in China. Both Lichnomesopsyche gloriae gen. et sp. nov. and L. daohugouensis gen. et sp. nov. were found from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia, whereas Vitimopsyche kozlovi sp. nov., of mid Early Cretaceous age, was collected from the Jehol Biota of northern Hebei Province. This new, wellpreserved material from China reveals complete and previously unknown body features, including head, antennae, mouthparts, legs and abdomen. The delicate and long proboscides of these new taxa indicate that they were feeding on externally exposed, nutrient-rich fluids of gymnospermous ovulate fructifications, and incapable of piercing surface epidermis - attributable principally to the absence of stylets. These proboscides originated, perhaps multiply, among basal Mecoptera and are functionally and structurally convergent with equivalent mouthparts borne by fossil and extant Diptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera and Coleoptera.
基金supported by the External Cooperation Program of Bureau of International Cooperation,Chinese Academy of Sciences(GJHZ201302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31030037)+1 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2012CB825504)the Strategic Priority Research Program B of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB02040200)
文摘Drosophila melanogaster feeds mainly on rotten fruits, which contain many kinds of sugar. Thus, the sense of sweet taste has evolved to serve as a dominant regulator and driver of feeding behavior. Although several sugar receptors have been described, it remains poorly understood how the sensory input is transformed into an appetitive behavior. Here, we used a neural silencing approach to screen brain circuits, and identified neurons labeled by three Gal4 lines that modulate Drosophila feeding behavior. These three Gal4 lines labeled neurons mainly in the suboesophageal ganglia （SOG）, which is considered to be the fly＇s pri- mary taste center. When we blocked the activity of these neurons, flies decreased their sugar consumption significantly. In contrast, activation of these neurons resulted in enhanced feeding behavior and increased food consumption not only towards sugar, but to an array of food sources. Moreover, upon neuronal activation, the flies demonstrated feeding behavior even in the absence of food, which suggests that neuronal activation can replace food as a stimulus for feeding behavior. These findings indicate that these Gal4-1abeled neurons, which function downstream of sensory neurons and regulate feeding behavior to- wards different food sources is necessary in Drosophila feeding control.
